1
|
San Sebastián M, Jaakko T, Söderberg S, Zimmet P, Ori B, Heecharan J, Fonseca-Rodríguez O, Kowlessur S. Prevalence and social determinants of smoking among men in Mauritius: a cross-sectional study. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2367415. [PMID: 38899339 PMCID: PMC11191822 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2367415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mauritius has implemented a range of stringent policies to control smoking and promote public health. Regular monitoring focuses on the prevalence of tobacco use, yet there is a gap in understanding its socio-economic patterns. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tobacco smoking and to identify the social determinants associated with smoking among men in Mauritius in 2021. METHODS This is a cross-sectional population-based study conducted by the Ministry of Health and Wellness during 2021. In total, 3622 individuals participated (response rate of 84.1%), of which 1663 were men (45.9%). The study mainly focused on men given the low prevalence of smoking among women. Daily smoking was the outcome and a series of sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors were included as independent variables. Prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated to fulfill the study objective. RESULTS The prevalence of smoking among men was 30.4%. People in the 25-34 age group (PR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.12-2.41), those separated, divorced or widowed (PR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.16-2.11), the ethnic groups Muslim-Mauritians (PR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.00-2.89) and Creoles (PR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.16-3.35), and those with secondary (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.00-1.67) and primary education (PR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.10-1.98) were statistically significantly associated with daily smoking. CONCLUSIONS Although a gradual decline in smoking prevalence was observed compared with the previous 2015 survey, the Ministry of Health and Wellness should persist in fortifying its anti-smoking measures and concentrate on crafting tailored interventions aimed at the vulnerable groups identified in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuomilehto Jaakko
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of International Health, National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea university, Umea, Sweden
| | - Paul Zimmet
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bhushan Ori
- Ministry of health and Wellness, Port Louis, Mauritius
| | - Jaysing Heecharan
- Non-communicable Diseases, Health Promotion and Research Unit, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Port Louis, Mauritius
| | | | - Sudhirsen Kowlessur
- Non-communicable Diseases, Health Promotion and Research Unit, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Port Louis, Mauritius
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pertynska-Marczewska M, Pertynski T. Non-hormonal pharmacological interventions for managing vasomotor symptoms-how can we help: 2024 landscape. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 302:141-148. [PMID: 39270577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) affect 70% of menopausal women and are considered as hallmark symptoms of the menopausal transition experienced by over three quarters of women and severely by 25% of women. Estrogen withdrawal alone is not fully responsible for the onset of the menopausal vasomotor symptoms and the mechanism of altered thermoregulation appears to be centrally mediated with alterations in hypothalamic neurotransmitters playing a key part. The loss of thermoregulatory control coexists with the altered Kisspeptin- Neurokinin B-Dynorphin-expressing (KNDy) neurons of the arcuate nucleus signaling triggered by menopause. OBJECTIVE Aim of the review was to explore evidence-based non-hormonal pharmacological interventions for treating vasomotor symptoms. METHODS Comprehensive overview of relevant literature. CONCLUSIONS In the population where, hormonal options are contraindicated or not preferred by the patient, it is essential to explore evidence-based non-hormonal pharmacological interventions for treating vasomotor symptoms. The 2024 landscape of available treatments has expanded yet again, arming the providers with an even wider range of possibilities to help their patients. Fezolinetant, is the first NK3R antagonist developed for the purpose of treating hot flashes in menopausal women. NK3R antagonists provide a safe and effective treatment option for managing menopausal women with VMS.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hong S, Son Y, Lee H, Kim S, Kim HJ, Jo H, Park J, Lee K, Lee H, Dragioti E, Fond G, Boyer L, López Sánchez GF, Tully MA, Rahmati M, Smith L, Kim S, Woo S, Yon DK. Global association of secondhand smoke exposure locations and smoking behaviour among adolescents in 99 countries. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:2048-2060. [PMID: 38859709 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study classified 99 countries into four income groups and then analysed the impact of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home, in public places and at school, on current cigarette smoking prevalence. METHODS We utilised data from the WHO Global Youth Tobacco Survey and a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and weighted odds ratios (wORs) of adolescent smoking behaviour and SHS exposure locations. RESULTS Both smoking behaviours increased with higher national income levels. Smoking behaviours in high and upper-middle-income countries (HICs and UMICs) exhibited an association with SHS exposure in public places (HIC: wOR, 3.50 [95% CI, 2.85-4.31]; UMIC: wOR, 2.90 [2.60-3.23]) compared to home. Low- and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs) showed an association with SHS exposure in the home (LIC: wOR, 5.33 [3.59-7.93]; LMIC: wOR, 2.71 [2.33-3.17]) than public places. The association between current cigarette smoking and SHS exposure at home increased with lower income levels, while anticipated future use of any form of tobacco with SHS exposure in public places rose in lower income countries. CONCLUSIONS Targeted interventions based on income levels are essential, emphasising home strategies in lower income countries and public place efforts in higher income countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seohyun Hong
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yejun Son
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeri Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soeun Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyesu Jo
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeyu Park
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families, and Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Guillaume Fond
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Guillermo F López Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Selin Woo
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhizhilashvili S, Mchedlishvili I, Camacho R, Jankarashvili N, Garuchava N, Mebonia N. Descriptive Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer: A Population-Based Study From Georgia. Cureus 2024; 16:e66862. [PMID: 39280481 PMCID: PMC11397424 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant public health issue in many countries globally due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. In Georgia, the incidence of GC reflects the prevalence patterns of established risk factors. To develop appropriate prevention and treatment strategies, GC requires a comprehensive approach and research. This study aims to review and describe GC epidemiologic characteristics in the country. Methodology We conducted a descriptive analysis utilizing data from the national population-based cancer registry. All patients diagnosed with invasive GC between 2015 and 2022 were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. To calculate age-standardized incidence (ASIR) and mortality (ASMR) rates we used a direct method, standardized to the World (WHO 2000-2025) standard population. Trends in Incidence and mortality were assessed using standardized rate ratios (SRRs). The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was defined as the ratio of the ASMR to the ASIR for the corresponding year. The Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to construct survival curves with survival comparisons performed using the log-rank test. Results A total of 2,707 GC cases with 62% (n = 1,668) of patients being male were enrolled in this descriptive study. The median age at diagnosis was 65 years, and about 70% (n = 1,893) of cases were detected at advanced (III and IV) stages. Over the study period, the ASIR per 100,000 population for both sexes decreased from 8.4 to 7.3. The SRR and 95% confidence interval indicated no significant change in ASIR for males but it decreased for females in 2022 compared to 2015. In 2022, the ASMR decreased compared to 2015 for males (from 10.5 to 7.3/100,00) and for females (from 5.8 to 3.0/100,000) as well. However, the MIR indicated an unstable reduction in mortality, fluctuating over the observation period. The five-year survival rate was around 22.0%. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive overview of GC epidemiology in Georgia between 2015 and 2022. GC remains a significant public health challenge, characterized by the high proportion of late-stage diagnoses and high mortality rates. The implementation of prevention and early diagnosis strategies is crucial to reduce the burden of GC in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Zhizhilashvili
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, GEO
| | | | - Rolando Camacho
- Global Technical Advisor, City Cancer Challenge Foundation, Geneva, CHE
- Oncology, World Health Organization, Mallorca, ESP
| | | | - Natalia Garuchava
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, GEO
| | - Nana Mebonia
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, GEO
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mangrio FA, Uthis P, Rojnawee S. Factors Influencing the Use of Tobacco Among Youth in Low-Income, Lower-Middle-Income, and Upper-Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. J Res Health Sci 2024; 24:e00617. [PMID: 39311100 PMCID: PMC11380735 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of tobacco is a significant global public health issue. According to the World Health Organization, tobacco use is a considerable risk factor for many diseases and causes more than 8 million deaths per year, with a disproportionate impact on low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to identify the factors influencing tobacco use among youth in low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income countries. Study Design: A system review. METHODS The review followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023430552). Several data sources were utilized, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ProQuest, and cross-sectional data from participants aged 15‒24 underwent investigation. Original full-text articles have been published between 2015 and 2023. Out of the 2892 studies, 20 were included in this review after two reviewers confirmed the eligibility criteria. RESULTS The average age of the participants was (mean±standard deviation: 19.45±1.686). Most studies were conducted in lower-middle and upper-middle-income countries. Frequently reported influences were at the individual and social levels, including demographic, economic, and psychological parameters, attitude and knowledge, individual behavioral factors, parental education, family member tobacco use, stressful life events, and social networks. At the environmental level, factors included secondhand smoke exposure, community context, media channels, and access to tobacco. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrated a significant association between youth tobacco use and individual-, social-, and environmental-level factors. Consequently, specific interventions targeting these factors should be deployed to mitigate youth tobacco use in various socioeconomic settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Ali Mangrio
- Nursing Student at the Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Penpaktr Uthis
- Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hwang J, Jo S, Cheon E, Kang H, Cho SI. Dose-response risks of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality according to sex-specific cigarette smoking pack-year quantiles. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-127. [PMID: 38988742 PMCID: PMC11234345 DOI: 10.18332/tid/189952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the risks for all-cause death and death from cancer or cardiovascular diseases due to smoking status and behavior, focusing on differences in smoking duration and amount stratified by sex. METHODS The integrated Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study provided data for 209770 individuals who were classified as never, former, or current smokers, based on their current smoking status. Pack-years were computed using daily average smoking amount and total smoking duration, and were categorized into quantiles separately for men and women. Based on the number of deaths in 2018, hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for all-cause mortality, as well as for death caused by all cancers, lung cancer, and cardiovascular diseases according to pack-years adjusted for age, household income, marital status, body mass index, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS A significant increase in the risk of all-cause mortality was observed for current smokers (men HR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.69-2.14; women HR=2.25; 95% CI: 1.68-2.99) and former smokers (men HR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.17-1.47; women HR=2.35; 95% CI: 1.63-3.39) compared with that for those who had never smoked. Among men, HR for death from lung cancer was 3.13 (95% CI: 2.06-4.75) in former smokers and tended to increase with each pack-year quantile (range HR: 5.72-17.11). Among women, the HR was estimated to be 17.20 (95% CI: 6.22-47.57) only for >3rd quantile. CONCLUSIONS Smoking increases the risks of all-cause death. Considering the persistent risks post-smoking cessation, it is vital to focus on preventing smoking initiation and providing proactive support for successful smoking cessation and maintenance of a smoke-free lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Hwang
- Department of Health Administration, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Convergence Healthcare, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoung Jo
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsil Cheon
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Kang
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Daama A, Kisaka S, Mugamba S, Kyasanku E, Nalwoga GK, Kasango A, Bulamba R, Nkale JM, Nalugoda F, Nakigozi G, Kigozi G, Ndejjo R, Kagaayi J. Characterisation of Tobacco Use and its Associated Factors Among Older Youths in an Urban Setting: The Case of Wakiso, Uganda. East Afr Health Res J 2024; 8:256-263. [PMID: 39296771 PMCID: PMC11407119 DOI: 10.24248/eahrj.v8i2.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tobacco smoking increases the risk of death from many diseases, including ischemic heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and other fatal and non-fatal diseases. Efforts have been invested towards cessation of tobacco smoking among youths aged 18-35 years. However, population-based data is limited on tobacco smoking in Wakiso district among youths. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with tobacco smoking among youths aged 18-35 years in Wakiso district Uganda. Methods Data from a Population-based survey in Wakiso district collected between October 2019 and September 2020 were used to determine the prevalence of tobacco smoking and associated factors. A cross-sectional design was employed. This study used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between tobacco smoking and various factors among youths aged (18-35) years in Wakiso district Uganda. Results A total of 1,092 participants were enrolled of whom 631(57.8%) were females. The mean age was 25.8 (SD=4.8) years. A total of 35 (3.2 %) reported current tobacco smoking while 64(5.9%) ever used tobacco. The mean age at smoking initiation was 20.6 (SD= 5.3) years. In the multivariable analysis, age groups 25-29 years (aOR= 3.66, [95% CI: 1.15, 11.65]) and 30-35 years (aOR= 4.26, [95% CI; 1.32, 13.72]) were more likely to smoke compared to those under 25 years). Other positively associated factors included alcohol users (aOR= 4.86, [95% CI: 2.01, 11.74]), HIV positive status (aOR= 5.43, [95% CI: 1.86, 15.86]), living with friends or relatives who smoke (aOR=9.93, [95% CI: 1.86, 15.86]), and being male (aOR=4.50 [95% CI; 1.82, 11.13]). Conclusion Overall tobacco smoking among youths aged 18-35 years is low compared to national prevalence of 9%. However, the focus should be on males, older youths, alcohol users, and HIV-positive youths including those living with friends or relatives who smoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Daama
- Africa Medical & Behavioral Sciences Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stevens Kisaka
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Mugamba
- Africa Medical & Behavioral Sciences Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Asani Kasango
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Bulamba
- Africa Medical & Behavioral Sciences Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Fred Nalugoda
- Africa Medical & Behavioral Sciences Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Godfrey Kigozi
- Africa Medical & Behavioral Sciences Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Kagaayi
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Adebisi YA, Phungdee T, Saokaew S, Lucero-Prisno DE. Prevalence and Determinants of Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents in Thailand: Evidence From 2021 Global School-Based Health Survey. J Res Health Sci 2024; 24:e00610. [PMID: 39072546 PMCID: PMC11264455 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent cigarette smoking remains a concern globally, including in Thailand. This research aimed to elucidate the prevalence and determinants of cigarette smoking among Thai adolescents. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2021 Thailand Global School-Based Health Survey with 5545 adolescents aged 13-17 with complete information was conducted on their cigarette smoking status. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to discern the determinants of tobacco smoking among adolescents. RESULTS The overall weighted prevalence of cigarette smoking was 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]=9.7%, 13.5%), with adolescent males at 18.2% (95% CI=15.3%, 21.4%) and adolescent females at 5.6% (95% CI=4.2%, 7.4%). The multivariable logistic regression also revealed that males were more likely to be smokers (Adjusted Odd Ratio [AOR]=1.58; 95% CI=1.02, 2.45, P=0.040) compared to females. The presence of smokers in their vicinity significantly increased the odds of smoking (AOR=2.21, 95% CI=1.46, 3.36, P<0.001). Current alcohol use (AOR=3.37, 95% CI=2.21-5.14, P<0.001) and current marijuana use (AOR=4.53, 95% CI=2.06, 9.99, P<0.001) were both significant determinants of smoking. Notably, early initiation of cigarette use (before age 14) was associated with a lower likelihood of current smoking (AOR=0.54, 95% CI=0.33, 0.92, P=0.022). CONCLUSION With an overall prevalence of smoking among adolescents at 11.5%, our study highlights a significant public health concern. The positive determinants of the identified tobacco smoking include being male, having smokers in their vicinity, and currently using alcohol, and marijuana, while early initiation of cigarette use before age 14 is identified as an inverse determinant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi
- College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Research Department, Global Health Focus, Thailand
| | | | - Surasak Saokaew
- Division of Social and Administrative Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
- Office for Research, Innovation, and Extension Services, Southern Leyte State University, Sogod, Southern Leyte, Philippines
- Center for University Research, University of Makati, Makati City, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhizhilashvili S, Mchedlishvili I, Jankarashvili N, Camacho R, Mebonia N. Effect of Age at Diagnosis on the Prognosis of Gastric Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Study in Georgia. Cureus 2024; 16:e62154. [PMID: 38993440 PMCID: PMC11238615 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The national burden of gastric cancer (GC) is high in Georgia, which is determined by its high mortality and low survival. The study aimed to estimate the effect of age at diagnosis on the prognosis of GC patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2020 in Georgia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained data for the study from the national population-based cancer registry. All patients 15 years of age or older, diagnosed during 2015-2020 with invasive GC (site codes C16.0 to C16.9, International Classification of Diseases for Oncology), were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. We produced survival curves using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival between groups. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using univariate Cox proportional models and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. The endpoint of the study was overall survival (OS). The level of statistical significance of the study findings was estimated using p-values and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 1,828 gastric cancer cases were included in the statistical analysis. The average age of patients was 65 years. The bivariate Cox's regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of gastric cancer mortality increased gradually with the age of cancer patients. The HR and 95% CI were as follows: 1.5 (1.1-1.8) and 2.1 (1.5-2.5) in the 46-65 years and >65 years groups, respectively, with the <46 years group as a reference. Moreover, multivariable Cox's regression analysis proved that age is an independent risk factor for GC mortality (HR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.2-1.8; p<.001). Conclusion: We found that age at diagnosis was a significant predictor of the worse survival of GC patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2020 in Georgia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Zhizhilashvili
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, GEO
| | | | | | - Rolando Camacho
- Oncology (Non-communicable Diseases), World Health Organization, Mallorca, ESP
| | - Nana Mebonia
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, GEO
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Spencer G, Nugent R, Mann N, Hutchinson B, Ngongo C, Tarlton D, Small R, Webb D. Equity implications of tobacco taxation: results from WHO FCTC investment cases. Tob Control 2024; 33:s27-s33. [PMID: 38697660 PMCID: PMC11103284 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-058338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Across time, geographies and country income levels, smoking prevalence is highest among people with lower incomes. Smoking causes further impoverishment of those on the lower end of the income spectrum through expenditure on tobacco and greater risk of ill health. METHODS This paper summarises the results of investment case equity analyses for 19 countries, presenting the effects of increased taxation on smoking prevalence, health and expenditures. We disaggregate the number of people who smoke, smoking-attributable mortality and cigarette expenditures using smoking prevalence data by income quintile. A uniform 30% increase in price was applied across countries. We estimated the effects of the price increase on smoking prevalence, mortality and cigarette expenditures. RESULTS In all but one country (Bhutan), a one-time 30% increase in price would reduce smoking prevalence by the largest percent among the poorest 20% of the population. All income groups in all countries would spend more on cigarettes with a 30% increase in price. However, the poorest 20% would pay an average of 12% of the additional money spent. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that health benefits from increases in price through taxation are pro-poor. Even in countries where smoking prevalence is higher among wealthier groups, increasing prices can still be pro-poor due to variable responsiveness to higher prices. The costs associated with higher smoking prevalence among the poor, together with often limited access to healthcare services and displaced spending on basic needs, result in health inequality and perpetuate the cycle of poverty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Nugent
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nathan Mann
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Carrie Ngongo
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Roy Small
- HIV, Health and Development Group, United Nations Development Programme, New York, New York, USA
| | - Douglas Webb
- United Nations Development Programme, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sánchez-Romero LM, Li Y, Zavala-Arciniega L, Gallegos-Carrillo K, Thrasher JF, Meza R, Levy DT. The potential impact of removing a ban on electronic nicotine delivery systems using the Mexico smoking and vaping model (SAVM). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.28.24306511. [PMID: 38746147 PMCID: PMC11092684 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.28.24306511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Objective To develop the Mexico Smoking and Vaping Model (Mexico SAVM) to estimate cigarette and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) prevalence and the public health impact of legalizing ENDS use. Methods SAVM, a cohort-based discrete-time simulation model, compares two scenarios. The ENDS-Restricted Scenario estimates smoking prevalence and associated mortality outcomes under the current policy of an ENDS ban, using Mexico-specific population projections, death rates, life expectancy, and smoking and e-cigarette prevalence. The ENDS-Unrestricted Scenario projects smoking and vaping prevalence under a hypothetical scenario where ENDS use is allowed. The impact of legalizing ENDS use is estimated as the difference in smoking- and vaping-attributable deaths (SVADs) and life-years lost (LYLs) between the ENDS-Restricted and Unrestricted scenarios. Results Compared to a national ENDS ban, The Mexico SAVM projects that legalizing ENDS use could decrease smoking prevalence by 40.1% in males and 30.9% in females by 2049 compared to continuing the national ENDS ban. This reduction in prevalence would save 2.9 (2.5 males and 0.4 females) million life-years and avert almost 106 (91.0 males and 15.5 females) thousand deaths between 2025 and 2049. Public health gains decline by 43% to 59,748 SVADs averted when the switching rate is reduced by half and by 24.3% (92,806 SVADs averted) with a 25% ENDS risk level from that of cigarettes but increased by 24.3% (121,375 SVADs averted) with the 5% ENDS risk. Conclusions Mexico SAVM suggests that greater access to ENDS and a more permissive ENDS regulation, simultaneous with strong cigarette policies, would reduce smoking prevalence and decrease smoking-related mortality. The unanticipated effects of an ENDS ban merit closer scrutiny, with further consideration of how specific ENDS restrictions may maximize public health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luz María Sánchez-Romero
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. United States of America
| | - Yameng Li
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. United States of America
| | - Luis Zavala-Arciniega
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Katia Gallegos-Carrillo
- Epidemiology and Health Services Research Unit, Morelos, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
- Evaluation and Surveys Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States of America
| | - Rafael Meza
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - David T Levy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Satpathy N, Pradhan HS, Sarangi S, Epari V, Jena PK, Dash S, Mohanty DP, Mishra P. Prevalence and Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Tobacco Use Among Medical and Dental Students in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Cureus 2024; 16:e58617. [PMID: 38770486 PMCID: PMC11103270 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco use remains a significant global public health concern, causing millions of preventable and premature deaths annually and imposing substantial economic burdens. India, the second-largest producer and consumer of tobacco products worldwide, bears a significant burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Medical and dental students represent the future healthcare workforce and role models; hence, their tobacco consumption and attitude would play a vital role in tobacco control. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding tobacco use among medical and dental students in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the Global Health Professional Students Survey (GHPSS) questionnaire. The study included third-year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) and Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students from two private medical and two dental colleges in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Data were collected from February to April 2019 through anonymous self-administered questionnaires, and descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Results A total of 400 students were surveyed, with 16% reporting being current smokers (24.3% males, 8.7% females). Furthermore, 36.8% had tried cigarettes and other tobacco products. Nonsmokers demonstrated stronger support for comprehensive tobacco control policies, such as banning advertising and smoking in public places, compared to current smokers. Most students acknowledged the importance of recording tobacco use history and providing educational materials; however, only around 40% had received formal training on smoking cessation. Conclusion The findings highlight the need for targeted intervention among medical and dental students for tobacco cessation. It is vital to foster a positive attitude toward tobacco control among future healthcare professionals. Health professional institutions should take proactive steps to prevent tobacco use among students and develop initiatives to motivate successful cessation training. Investing in tobacco control education for healthcare professionals is crucial to empower them in tobacco cessation efforts and promote healthier societies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Satpathy
- Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar, IND
- Non-communicable Division III, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, IND
| | - Himanshu S Pradhan
- Public Health, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Swapna Sarangi
- Medicine and Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, IND
| | - Venkatarao Epari
- Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Pratap K Jena
- Health Care Management, Swiss School of Business and Management Geneva, Geneva, CHE
- Public Health, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Samarendra Dash
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, National Aluminium Company Limited, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Debi P Mohanty
- Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Pratisha Mishra
- Public Health Dentistry, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie W, Mridha MK, Gupta A, Kusuma D, Butt AM, Hasan M, Brage S, Loh M, Khawaja KI, Pradeepa R, Jha V, Kasturiratne A, Katulanda P, Anjana RM, Chambers JC. Smokeless and combustible tobacco use among 148,944 South Asian adults: a cross-sectional study of South Asia Biobank. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2465. [PMID: 38071311 PMCID: PMC10709928 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use, in both smoking and smokeless forms, is highly prevalent among South Asian adults. The aims of the study were twofold: (1) describe patterns of SLT and combustible tobacco product use in four South Asian countries stratified by country and sex, and (2) assess the relationships between SLT and smoking intensity, smoking quit attempts, and smoking cessation among South Asian men. METHODS Data were obtained from South Asia Biobank Study, collected between 2018 and 2022 from 148,944 men and women aged 18 years and above, living in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, or Sri Lanka. Mixed effects multivariable logistic and linear regression were used to quantify the associations of SLT use with quit attempt, cessation, and intensity. RESULTS Among the four South Asian countries, Bangladesh has the highest rates of current smoking (39.9% for male, 0.4% for female) and current SLT use (24.7% for male and 23.4% for female). Among male adults, ever SLT use was associated with a higher odds of smoking cessation in Bangladesh (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 2.65, 3.13), India (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.63, 2.50), and Sri Lanka (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.14, 1.62). Ever SLT use and current SLT use was associated with lower smoking intensity in all countries. CONCLUSIONS In this large population-based study of South Asian adults, rates of smoking and SLT use vary widely by country and gender. Men who use SLT products are more likely to abstain from smoking compared with those who do not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wubin Xie
- Population and Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Malay Kanti Mridha
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anaya Gupta
- Population and Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | - Dian Kusuma
- School of Health & Psychological Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Mehedi Hasan
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marie Loh
- Population and Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | | | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- The Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Vinita Jha
- Max Helathcare Institute, Patparganj, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- The Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, Chennai, India
| | - John C Chambers
- Population and Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Javan S, Eskandari M, Babaei Z, Aminisani N, Ahmadi R, Ramezani AM. Separation and identification of snuff constituents by using GC-MS and ICP-OES as well as health risk assessment of some existing heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1513. [PMID: 37989886 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The identification of volatile organic components in snuff was accomplished using GC-MS analysis in this study. The findings of the GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of nicotine, its derivatives, and several other toxic chemicals that are hazardous to human health. Furthermore, the content of 34 elements in four brands of snuff consumed in Neyshabur City was determined by ICP-OES analysis (with five repetitions). The health hazards of measured heavy elements were examined from two perspectives: carcinogenic (7 heavy elements were checked) and non-carcinogenic (4 heavy elements were checked). The investigation of non-carcinogenic hazards from inhalation was based on the computation of the hazard quotient (HQ) factor, and the results indicated that inhaling five heavy metals, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Cd, does not represent a substantial health risk ((HQ < 1). In contrast, the computed HQ factors for Cr and As were relatively high (1 < HQ < 10), indicating a substantial health risk from breathing these two elements. The carcinogenic factor (CR value) results revealed that the degree of carcinogenic risk for Cd was very low (CR value less than 1 × 10-6) and did not pose a concern to the consumer population. However, the risk of As, Cr, and Ni exposure is considerable in the carcinogenic risk range (CR values between 1 × 10-6 and 1 × 10-4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Javan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mahboube Eskandari
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Zahra Babaei
- Department of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nayyereh Aminisani
- Iranian Research Center On Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Ahmadi
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Amir M Ramezani
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nolazco JI, Mucci LA, Sosnowski R, Przewoźniak K, Chang SL, De Nunzio C. Relationship between cigarette use and prostate cancer risk: what do we know and what should we do? Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2023; 26:516-518. [PMID: 37087528 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Nolazco
- Division of Urological Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Argentina.
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roman Sosnowski
- Department of Urogenital Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Przewoźniak
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Primary Prevention, Maria Skłodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Global Institute of Family Health, Calisia University, Calisia, Poland
| | - Steven L Chang
- Division of Urological Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cosimo De Nunzio
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rahadiani N, Habiburrahman M, Stephanie M, Handjari DR, Krisnuhoni E. Estimated projection of oral squamous cell carcinoma annual incidence from twenty years registry data: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Indonesia. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15911. [PMID: 37663292 PMCID: PMC10473041 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been well documented in Indonesia. Thus, we aimed to analyze trends and clinicopathological profiles of OSCC cases in Indonesia, focusing on differences between age and sex groups. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Indonesia's main referral hospital, analyzing 1,093 registered OSCC cases from 2001 to 2020. Trend analysis was performed using Joinpoint regression analysis to determine the annual percentage change (APC) for overall cases and each case group based on age, sex, and anatomical subsites. APC significance was assessed using a Monte Carlo permutation test. The projection of case numbers for the following 5 years (2021-2025) was estimated using linear/non-linear regression analysis and presented as a mathematical function. The significance of the trend slope was measured using an ANOVA test. Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC were analyzed according to age and sex, and their comparative analysis was assessed using Chi-square and its alternatives. Results The incidence of OSCC in female patients and in the tongue and buccal mucosa showed a positive trend (APC 2.06%; 3.48%; 8.62%, respectively). Moreover, the incidence of OSCC overall, and in women with OSCC, is projected to increase significantly in the next 5 years following the quadratic model. The mean age of patients was 51.09 ± 14.36 years, with male patients being younger than female patients. The male-to-female ratio was 1.15, and 36.5% of these patients were categorized as young (≤45 years old). The tongue was the predominantly affected site. Prominent pathologic characteristics included well-differentiation, keratinization, and grade I of Bryne's (1992) cellular differentiation stage. Most patients presented with advanced staging, lymphovascular invasion, and uninvaded margins. Tumor sites and staging varied according to age, while age and tumor sites differed between sexes. Conclusion The rising incidence trends of OSCC among Indonesian patients, both in the past and projected future, are concerning and warrant attention. Further research into risk factors should be conducted as preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Rahadiani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Habiburrahman
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marini Stephanie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diah Rini Handjari
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ening Krisnuhoni
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Raina SK, Supehia S. Roadside tobacco advertising in India. BMJ 2022; 378:o2291. [PMID: 36150721 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.o2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Raina
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr R P Government Medical College, Tanda, India
| | - Sakshi Supehia
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr R P Government Medical College, Tanda, India
| |
Collapse
|