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OLADEINDE BANKOLEHENRY, OLANIYAN MATHEWFOLARANMI, MUHIBI MUSAABIDEMI, UWAIFO FERDINAND, RICHARD OMOREGIE, OMABE NWONUOKIKE, DAUD AMINAT, OZOLUA ONOSENPHEBEAN. Association between ABO and RH blood groups and Hepatitis B virus infection among young Nigerian adults. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E109-E114. [PMID: 35647381 PMCID: PMC9121686 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.1.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several diseases are reported to be associated with ABO/Rh blood groups. Data on the association between ABO and Rh D blood group antigens in the Nigerian population is sparse. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection as well as its association with ABO and Rh D antigens among young Nigerian adults. METHODS Whole blood was collected from 496 students and screened for the presence of HBsAg using an immuno-chromatographic technique. The ABO and Rh D antigen status of participants were also determined using standard techniques. RESULTS In this study, the prevalence of HBV infection was 10/496 (2.10%). Of all factors assessed, only age of participants was identified as a risk factor (P < 0.05) for HBV seropositivity. Over half 257/496 (51.5%) of subjects were of the blood group O type, while 18/496 (3.6%) were of the AB blood type which was the least in occurrence. Rh D negative blood group was observed among 24/496 (4.8%) subjects. Those with the B blood type were observed to have an insignificantly (P > 0.05) higher prevalence of HBV infection. However, with respect to Rh D antigen alone, participants negative for the antigen were observed to have a five times higher risk of acquiring HBV infection than those positive for it (OR = 5.273, 95% CI = 1.056, 26.321, P > 0.05). Combining the ABO and Rh blood group systems, an association (OR = 20.174; P > 0.05) was found to exist between B Rh D negative status and HBV infection. CONCLUSION Possession of B antigen without Rh D antigen is associated with increased risk of acquiring HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- BANKOLE HENRY OLADEINDE
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Science, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
- Correspondence: Bankole Henry Oladeinde - Tel: +2348053096120 - E-mail: -
| | - MATHEW FOLARANMI OLANIYAN
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Science, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - MUSA ABIDEMI MUHIBI
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Science, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - FERDINAND UWAIFO
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Science, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - OMOREGIE RICHARD
- Medical Microbiology Division, Medical Laboratory Services, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - NWONU OKIKE OMABE
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Science, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - AMINAT DAUD
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Science, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - ONOSEN PHEBEAN OZOLUA
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
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Liu J, Zhang S, Liu M, Wang Q, Shen H, Zhang Y. Distribution of ABO/Rh blood groups and their association with hepatitis B virus infection in 3.8 million Chinese adults: A population-based cross-sectional study. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:401-411. [PMID: 29193618 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ABO and Rh blood groups play a vital role in blood transfusion safety and clinical practice and are thought to be linked with disease susceptibility. The results from previous studies that focused on the association between blood groups and HBV infection remain controversial. China has the world's largest burden of HBV infection. We assessed the distribution of ABO/Rh blood groups in Chinese adults and examined the association between these groups and HBV infection. We did a nationwide cross-sectional study using data from a physical check-up programme from 31 provinces examined between 2010 and 2012. ELISA was used to test for HBsAg in serologic samples. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate aOR of the association between ABO and Rh blood groups and HBV infection. Among 3 827 125 participants, the proportion of participants with blood group A was highest (30.54%), followed by O (30.37%), B (29.42%) and AB (9.66%). A total of 38 907 (1.02%) were Rh-D negative. The prevalence of HBsAg in blood groups O, A, B and AB were 6.34%, 5.55%, 5.18% and 5.06%, respectively. HBsAg prevalence was 5.65% in Rh-D-positive and 3.96% in Rh-D-negative participants. After controlling for other potential risk factors, multivariate models showed that participants with blood group O (adjusted OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.20-1.25) were at higher risk of HBV infection compared with group AB. Rh-D-positive participants (adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.37-1.52) were at higher risk of HBV infection than Rh-D-negative participants. The associations between ABO/Rh blood groups and HBV infection were similar in subgroup analysis. The proportions of O, A, B and AB blood groups were approximately 3:3:3:1, and nearly 1 in 100 people was Rh-D negative among Chinese adults. Blood group O and Rh-D positivity were both associated with increased HBV infection. The risk of HBV infection and blood safety should be taken into consideration in clinical practice, especially when transfusing those with blood group O. Awareness and prevention of HBV infection is of particular importance for individuals with blood group O.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, Beijing, China
| | - M Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, Beijing, China
| | - H Shen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, Beijing, China
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Kaidarova Z, Bravo MD, Kamel HT, Custer BS, Busch MP, Lanteri MC. Blood group A and D negativity are associated with symptomatic West Nile virus infection. Transfusion 2016; 56:1699-706. [PMID: 27189860 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND West Nile virus (WNV) infection is mostly asymptomatic (AS) but 20% of subjects report WNV fever and 1% of patients experience neurologic diseases with higher rates in elderly and immunosuppressed persons. With no treatment and no vaccine to prevent the development of symptomatic (S) infections, it is essential to understand prognostic factors influencing S disease outcome. Host genetic background has been linked to the development of WNV neuroinvasive disease. This study investigates the association between the ABO and D blood group status and WNV disease outcome. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The distribution of blood groups was investigated within a cohort of 374 WNV+ blood donors including 244 AS and 130 S WNV+ blood donors. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between A, B, O, and D blood groups and WNV clinical disease outcome. RESULTS S WNV+ donors exhibited increased frequencies of blood group A (S 47.6%, AS 36.8%, p = 0.04; odds ratio [OR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-2.40) and D- individuals (S 21.5%, AS 13.1%, p = 0.03; OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.04-3.18). CONCLUSION The findings suggest a genetic susceptibility placing blood group A and D- individuals at risk for the development of S disease outcome after WNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian S Custer
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael P Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marion C Lanteri
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Siransy LK, Nanga ZY, Zaba FS, Tufa NY, Dasse SR. ABO/Rh Blood Groups and Risk of HIV Infection and Hepatitis B Among Blood Donors of Abidjan, Côte D'ivoire. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2015; 5:205-9. [PMID: 26495131 PMCID: PMC4598888 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2015.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B and HIV infection are two viral infections that represent real global public health problems. In order to improve their management, some hypotheses suggest that genetic predispositions like ABO and Rh blood groups would influence the occurrence of these diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between ABO and Rhesus blood groups and the susceptibility to HIV infection and hepatitis B. We conducted a cross-sectional and analytical study in a population of voluntary blood donors in the Blood Transfusion Center of Abidjan. All blood donors who donated blood between January and June 2014 were tested for HBs antigen and anti-HIV antibodies (ELISA tests) and were ABO typed. The total number of examined blood donors during this period was 45,538, of which 0.32% and 8.07% were respectively infected with HIV and hepatitis B virus. O-group donors were more infected than non-O donors. Our study is an outline concerning the search for a link between ABO and Rh blood groups and hepatitis B and HIV infection. Further studies should be conducted to confirm the interaction between these two infections and contribute to the search for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Kouabla Siransy
- Immunology-Allergology Department, UFR Medical Sciences, Felix Houphouet Boigny University , Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Zizendorf Yves Nanga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Felix Houphouet Boigny University , Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire ; National Public Health Laboratory , Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Flore Sandrine Zaba
- Bacteriology-Virology Department, Central Laboratory of the University Hospital of Yopougon , Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nyasenu Yawo Tufa
- Laboratory of Microbiology - CNR/HIV, University Hospital Sylvanus Olympio , Togo
| | - Sery Romuald Dasse
- Immunology-Allergology Department, UFR Medical Sciences, Felix Houphouet Boigny University , Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Lao TT, Sahota DS, Chung MK, Cheung TKW, Cheng YKY, Leung TY. Maternal ABO and rhesus blood group phenotypes and hepatitis B surface antigen carriage. J Viral Hepat 2014; 21:818-23. [PMID: 24325347 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In view of a persistently high prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage in our obstetric population, we examined the association between HBsAg carriage with maternal ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood group phenotypes determined at routine antenatal screening. In a retrospective study, the antenatal screening results of women booked for confinement between 1998 and 2011 in our hospital were examined for the relationship between HBsAg carriage with the ABO and rhesus blood groups, taking into account also the effects of advanced maternal age (≥ 35 years) and parity status (nulliparous or multiparous), and year of birth before or following the availability of the hepatitis B vaccine (1984). HBsAg carriage was found in 9.9%, 9.6%, 9.1% and 10.2% (P = 0.037) for group-A (n = 20 581 or 26.1%), -B (n = 20 744 or 26.4%), -AB (n = 5138 or 6.5%) and -O (n = 32 242 or 41.0%) among the 78705 women in the study cohort. Rhesus negativity was found in 0.6%, and HBsAg carriage was 12.3% and 9.8%, respectively, for the Rh-negative and Rh-positive women (P = 0.071). Carriage rate between group-O and non-O was influenced by nulliparity, age ≥ 35 years and Rh-positive status. Regression analysis indicated that group-B (P = 0.044, aOR = 1.062, 95% CI 1.002-1.127) and group-AB (P = 0.016, aOR = 1.134, 95% CI 1.024-1.256) were associated with HBsAg carriage. Blood groups-B and -AB are associated with increased hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in our population, and further studies are warranted to elucidate the implications of this on the sequelae of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Lao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Wang DS, Chen DL, Ren C, Wang ZQ, Qiu MZ, Luo HY, Zhang DS, Wang FH, Li YH, Xu RH. ABO blood group, hepatitis B viral infection and risk of pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:461-8. [PMID: 21858814 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of association between ABO blood type and risk of pancreatic cancer develops through effects on hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection. Our study aimed to determine whether joint ABO blood type and HBV infection could increase the risk for pancreatic cancer. A total of 645 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 711 age- and sex-matched individuals who had nonmalignant diseases treated at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center in China were retrospectively analyzed. Blood samples were tested for ABO blood type and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc). Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios [AORs] and 95% confidence interval [CI]. Multivariable analysis with adjustment for risk factors showed that A blood type, HBsAg-positive/anti-HBc-positive, anti-HBs-positive/anti-HBc-positive were significantly associated with pancreatic cancer. The estimated AORs (95% CI) were as follows: A blood type, 1.425 (1.071-1.894), HBsAg-positive/anti-HBc-positive, 1.610 (1.125-2.304), anti-HBs-positive/anti-HBc-positive, 1.526 (1.159-2.011). The effect of A blood type significantly modified the risk of pancreatic cancer among subjects with anti-HBc-positive (AORs = 1.882, 95% CI, 1.284-2.760). In our study, we reported an association between A blood type, infection with HBV and pancreatic cancer risk. Moreover, we found a synergism between A blood type and HBV infection in the development of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Shen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Variation in the host ABO blood group may be associated with susceptibility to hepatitis C virus infection. Epidemiol Infect 2009; 138:1096-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268809991117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThis study aimed to determine the relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and ABO/Rhesus blood groups, age and sex. A total of 20 000 patients who came to donate blood in the blood bank of GSVM Medical College, Kanpur were enrolled in the study. Demographic data recorded for each patient included age, sex and blood group. Blood samples were tested for anti-HCV antibodies and ABO/Rhesus blood group antigen typing was performed. The overall positive rate of anti-HCV was 0·34%. We found that seropositivity for HCV increased with age. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 1/765 women (0·13%), compared to 67/19 235 men (0·35%). Seroprevalence of HCV was found to be higher in blood group O individuals (0·42%) and lowest in blood group AB individuals (0·04%). The results of this study demonstrate that that HCV infection may not be related to age and sex but the possible association of blood group antigens with HCV infection cannot be ruled out.
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Lenka MR, Ghosh E, Bhattacharyya PK. ABO blood groups in relation to hepatitis-B surface antigen (Australia antigen). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1981; 75:688-90. [PMID: 7330923 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(81)90149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ABO blood groups and their relationship with Australia antigen (HBsAg) were studied in 500 blood donors and 76 patients. Most of the blood donors belonged to group 'B' while the Australia antigen (HBsAg) was prevalent in the blood group 'A' (9.30%). 76 patients clinically diagnosed as viral hepatitis showed a similar trend, having the highest percentage of HBsAg positivity in 'A' group (35.71%). In both, this was found statistically significant (P greater than 0.005). None of those with AB blood group showed HBsAg.
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Babes VT, Steiner N, Lenkei R, Buzernescu G. ABO blood groups and HBs AG subtypes and titers in healthy carriers. Vox Sang 1977; 33:252-6. [PMID: 898841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1977.tb04470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The investigation covered 457 'healthy' HBsAg carriers detected following a screening by CEP. HBsAg in the sera of these subjects were subtyped by ID and titrated by CEP. The results obtained were analyzed according to the cases investigated. Differences were found between the distribution of blood groups among the normal unselected population and among 'healthy' carriers, where the incidence of AB subjects was much higher. The difference was more marked for the carriers of HBsAg/ad.
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Vale TG, Thomas HN, Hawkes RA, Kelly A. ABO blood groups and hepatitis B antigen and antibody. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1974; 4:1-2. [PMID: 4526509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1974.tb03136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Aronoff A, Gault MH, Huang SN, Lal S, Wu KT, Moinuddin MD, Spence L, MacLean LD. Hepatitis with Australia antigenemia following renal transplantation. CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 1973; 108:43-50. [PMID: 4566289 PMCID: PMC1941116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over a seven-year period 18 of 125 patients who underwent renal transplantation developed hepatitis. Acute hepatic necrosis occurred in two, chronic aggressive hepatitis progressing to posthepatitic cirrhosis in eight, chronic persistent hepatitis in five, acute hepatitis with recovery in two and cholestatic hepatitis in one. Hepatic failure was the cause of death in four and a major contributing factor in three. Fifteen of the 18 were of blood Group A. After renal transplantation Australia antigen (Au) was present in the blood of 12 of the 15 patients with hepatitis who were tested and in one of 38 patients without clinical evidence of liver disease. Once present, Au persisted in all patients but one. Particles measuring 210 to 250 A, characteristic of Au, were seen in liver cells by electronmicroscopy in nine of the 10 patients examined who had hepatitis with Australia antigenemia, but they were not seen in the two patients studied with Au-negative hepatitis.
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Hadziyannis S, Papaevangelou G, Vissoulis C. Relation between blood groups and hepatitis associated antigen carrier state. Vox Sang 1973; 24:89-93. [PMID: 4630006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1973.tb03860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Szmuness W, Prince AM, Cherubin CE. Serum hepatitis antigen (SH) carrier state: relation to ABO blood groups. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1971; 2:198-9. [PMID: 4252612 PMCID: PMC1795335 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5755.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In a comparison of 347 chronic carriers of the SH antigen and 8,864 controls with respect to ABO and Rh blood group distribution no significant differences have been detected.
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Vogel F. Controversy in human genetics. ABO blood groups and disease. Am J Hum Genet 1970; 22:464-75. [PMID: 5432291 PMCID: PMC1706590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Viral hepatitis and tests for the Australia (hepatitis-associated) antigen and antibody. Bull World Health Organ 1970; 42:957-92. [PMID: 4991606 PMCID: PMC2427559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
"Australia" antigen has been shown to be closely associated with serum hepatitis. The presence of the antigen and its corresponding antiserum can be detected in human beings (and in certain primates) by a number of laboratory tests. This is of great potential importance to blood transfusion and similar services because detection and exclusion of blood donors carrying the antigen might significantly reduce the risk of hepatitis from transfusions and other procedures.In this paper the present state of knowledge of "Australia" or "hepatitis-associated" antigen is reviewed. The currently employed tests are described in detail and their use, interpretation and limitations are discussed. Though it appears from early studies that the application of routine screening tests to blood donors would only reduce the risk to recipients by less than 25%, the more sensitive tests becoming available may increase this percentage and it is recommended that where competent laboratory services are available steps should be taken to set up a scheme for testing donors-provided that the current limitations of such a scheme are clearly recognized.
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Abstract
A disproportionate excess of blood group O was found in a circumscribed outbreak of serum hepatitis among patients and staff of a haemodialysis unit. The more severe cases were also mostly of group O. This suggests that host factors may be important in the genesis of this disease.
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Chakravartti MR. A statistical appraisal on the relationship between non-ABO blood group systems and diseases. HUMANGENETIK 1967; 5:1-27. [PMID: 5626259 DOI: 10.1007/bf00286207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Allison AC. Genetic factors in resistance against virus infections. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1965; 17:280-94. [PMID: 4286847 DOI: 10.1007/bf01267912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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VOGEL F, DEHNERT J, HELMBOLD W. �ber Beziehungen zwischen den ABO-Blutgruppen und der S�uglingsdyspepsie. Hum Genet 1964; 1:31-61. [PMID: 14338381 DOI: 10.1007/bf00289363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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