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Tang R, Luo J, Zhu X, Miao P, Tang H, Jian Y, Ruan S, Ling F, Tang M. Recent progress in the effect of ferroptosis of HSCs on the development of liver fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1258870. [PMID: 37860583 PMCID: PMC10584331 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1258870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological process that must take place for multiple chronic liver diseases to develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer. Liver fibrosis (LF) is regulated by various cytokines and signaling pathways in its occurrence and development. Ferroptosis is an important mode of cell death caused by iron-dependent oxidative damage and is regulated by iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation signaling pathways. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to LF. As the main material secreted by the extracellular matrix, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a general concern in the development of LF. Therefore, targeting HSC ferroptosis against LF is crucial. This review describes the current status of treating LF by inducing HSC ferroptosis that would aid studies in better understanding the current knowledge on ferroptosis in HSCs and the future research direction in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengyu Miao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Jian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Sibei Ruan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Ling
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxi Tang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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2
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Niemelä O, Bloigu A, Bloigu R, Nivukoski U, Kultti J, Pohjasniemi H. Patterns of IgA Autoantibody Generation, Inflammatory Responses and Extracellular Matrix Metabolism in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13124. [PMID: 37685930 PMCID: PMC10487441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data have emphasized the role of inflammation and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In order to further explore such associations, we compared IgA titers against antigens targeted to ethanol metabolites and tissue transglutaminase with pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators of inflammation, markers of liver status, transferrin protein desialylation and extracellular matrix metabolism in alcohol-dependent patients with or without liver disease and in healthy controls. Serum IgAs against protein adducts with acetaldehyde (HbAch-IgA), the first metabolite of ethanol, and tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA), desialylated transferrin (CDT), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, markers of liver status (GT, ALP) and extracellular matrix metabolism (PIIINP, PINP, hyaluronic acid, ICTP and CTx) were measured in alcohol-dependent patients with (n = 83) or without (n = 105) liver disease and 88 healthy controls representing either moderate drinkers or abstainers. In ALD patients, both tTG-IgA and HbAch-IgA titers were significantly higher than those in the alcoholics without liver disease (p < 0.0005 for tTG-IgA, p = 0.006 for Hb-Ach-IgA) or in healthy controls (p < 0.0005 for both comparisons). The HbAch-IgA levels in the alcoholics without liver disease also exceeded those found in healthy controls (p = 0.0008). In ROC analyses, anti-tTG-antibodies showed an excellent discriminative value in differentiating between ALD patients and healthy controls (AUC = 0.95, p < 0.0005). Significant correlations emerged between tTG-IgAs and HbAch-IgAs (rs = 0.462, p < 0.0005), CDT (rs = 0.413, p < 0.0001), GT (rs = 0.487, p < 0.0001), alkaline phosphatase (rs = 0.466, p < 0.0001), serum markers of fibrogenesis: PIIINP (rs = 0.634, p < 0.0001), hyaluronic acid (rs = 0.575, p < 0.0001), ICTP (rs = 0.482, p < 0.0001), pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (rs = 0.581, p < 0.0001), IL-8 (rs = 0.535, p < 0.0001) and TNF-α (rs = 0.591, p < 0.0001), whereas significant inverse correlations were observed with serum TGF-β (rs = -0.366, p < 0.0001) and CTx, a marker of collagen degradation (rs = -0.495, p < 0.0001). The data indicate that the induction of IgA immune responses toward ethanol metabolites and tissue transglutaminaseis a characteristic feature of patients with AUD and coincides with the activation of inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling and the generation of aberrantly glycosylated proteins. These processes appear to work in concert in the sequence of events leading from heavy drinking to ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland; (U.N.); (J.K.); (H.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Aini Bloigu
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Risto Bloigu
- Infrastructure of Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Ulla Nivukoski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland; (U.N.); (J.K.); (H.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Kultti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland; (U.N.); (J.K.); (H.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Heidi Pohjasniemi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland; (U.N.); (J.K.); (H.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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3
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhong J, Wang J, Sun L, Yu L, Wang Y, Li Q, Jin W, Yan Z. Remodeling liver microenvironment by L-arginine loaded hollow polydopamine nanoparticles for liver cirrhosis treatment. Biomaterials 2023; 295:122028. [PMID: 36739734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a liver disease with a high mortality rate worldwide, and antifibrotic drugs are commonly used clinically to alleviate the symptoms, but there are still many challenges. Many studies have shown that excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the microenvironment of liver lesions is an important factor leading to the development of liver cirrhosis. Herein, a nanomedicine-mediated antioxidant therapy was utilized to remodel liver microenvironment and hence reverse the process of cirrhosis from the root. Firstly, L-arginine (L-Arg) loaded and pPB peptide modified PEGylated hollow polydopamine (HPDA) nanoparticles (L-Arg@HPDA-PEG-pPB, L@HPp) were prepared successfully. The in vitro and in vivo experiment showed that L@HPp significantly inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction, reduced the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), inhibited the pro-fibrosis molecular pathway, and reduced the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby effectively inhibiting liver fibrosis. The pPB peptide modification increased the targeting effect to HSCs. In addition, the oxidative microenvironment in liver cirrhosis promoted the transformation of the loaded L-Arg to nitric oxide (NO), and the latter one caused vascular dilation and further relieved portal hypertension, a typical complication of liver cirrhosis. Therefore, L@HPp had a good prospect of clinical application in the treatment of liver cirrhosis and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeying Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China; Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, PR China.
| | - Weilin Jin
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China.
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Shaker ME, Eisa NH, Elgaml A, El-Mesery A, El-Shafey M, El-Dosoky M, El-Mowafy M, El-Mesery M. Ingestion of mannose ameliorates thioacetamide-induced intrahepatic oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in rats. Life Sci 2021; 286:120040. [PMID: 34637794 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The monosaccharide mannose has gained recent interest for its beneficial effect against certain inflammatory disorders. Nevertheless, the influence of mannose on experimentally-induced liver fibrosis and the ensued inflammation is still not fully clear to date. MAIN METHODS The current study investigated the outcomes of treating rats with mannose (0.2 ml of 20% w/v, oral gavage) 30 min before the twice weekly intoxication with thioacetamide (TAA) (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) for a total period of 8 weeks. KEY FINDINGS The data indicated that mannose markedly dampened TAA-induced liver fibrosis, as indicated by lowering the fibrotic bridges shown by Masson's trichrome staining. This effect was consistent with reducing TAA-induced hepatocellular injury, as evidenced biochemically (serum ALT and AST activities) and pathologically (necroinflammation score). These hepatoprotective effects mediated by mannose were attributed to i) reversing TAA-induced rise in malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) expressions in the liver, ii) limiting TAA-induced release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), iii) impairing TAA-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells by downregulating α-smooth muscle actin expression (α-SMA), and more importantly, iv) dampening TAA-induced fibrogenesis driven by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). SIGNIFICANCE Mannose may be a valuable candidate for preventing oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrogenesis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Shaker
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nada H Eisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz Elgaml
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mesery
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shafey
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; Physiological Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Dosoky
- Department of Neuroscience Technology, College of Applied Medical Science in Jubail, Imam Abdulalrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed El-Mowafy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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5
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Lu Q, Zhou Y, Xu M, Liang X, Jing H, Wang X, Li N. Sequential delivery for hepatic fibrosis treatment based on carvedilol loaded star-like nanozyme. J Control Release 2021; 341:247-260. [PMID: 34826531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis, characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation, and enormous extracellular matrix (ECM) production, can further cause liver cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. However, the combination of limited solubility, low targeting, uncontrolled release and the sophisticated physiological barriers are tremendous challenges for therapeutic effect. In this study, we engineered a sequential delivery strategy based on autophagy inhibitor carvedilol (CAR) loaded and hyaluronic acid (HA) modified star-like Au nanozyme (Au NS@CAR-HA) for targeted HSCs suppression. In hepatic fibrosis acidic environment, CAR-HA can be firstly detached from Au NS@CAR-HA. Then, CAR would be released from CAR-HA conjugation by chemical bond breakage which triggered by intracellular acid potential, thus could suppressing autolysosome generation by up-regulation of autosome and lysosome pH value to inhibit HSCs activation. Meanwhile, Au NS exhibited enhanced ROS scavenging efficiency of hydrogen peroxides and superoxide, which was helpful to restrain the activity of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors β (PPARβ) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), thereby reducing HSCs proliferation to enhance HSCs inactivation efficacy. In conclusion, Au NS@CAR-HA can attenuate hepatic fibrosis via regulating the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells, which provides a new strategy for hepatic fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Min Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Huaqing Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, PR China.
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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6
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Nascimento JCR, Matos GA, Pereira LC, Mourão AECCB, Sampaio AM, Oriá RB, Toniutto P. Impact of apolipoprotein E genetic polymorphisms on liver disease: An essential review. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:24-30. [PMID: 31548169 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cirrhosis is an advanced stage of liver disease, compromising liver function with systemic health implications and poor quality of life. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcoholic liver disease are the main causes of this pathology. However, since genetic factors may play a large role in the progression and severity of liver disease, and as apolipoprotein E (apoE) has been recognised to be mainly synthesised in the liver, apoE polymorphism studies are important to better understand the causal mechanisms in liver diseases. In this review, we summarise up-to-date studies addressing how apoE polymorphisms influence liver cirrhosis and liver transplantation outcomes and potential protective mechanisms. Although more clinical studies are needed to support these findings, the apoE ɛ4 allele seems to be protective against the progression of liver cirrhosis in the majority of aetiologies and the postoperative serum apoE phenotype of the transplanted subject receptors was converted to that of the donor, indicating that >90% of apoE in plasma is synthesised in the hepatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C R Nascimento
- Laboratory of Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Anesthesia and Liver Transplantation, Fortaleza General Hospital, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabriella A Matos
- Laboratory of Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lianna C Pereira
- Laboratory of Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Anderson E C C B Mourão
- Department of Anesthesia and Liver Transplantation, Fortaleza General Hospital, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Aline M Sampaio
- Department of Anesthesia and Liver Transplantation, Fortaleza General Hospital, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Department of Anesthesia and Liver Transplantation, Fortaleza General Hospital, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Pierluigi Toniutto
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical Area (DAME) Academic Hospital, University of Udine, Italy
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Li X, Shao S, Li H, Bi Z, Zhang S, Wei Y, Bai J, Zhang R, Ma X, Ma B, Zhang L, Xie C, Ning W, Zhou H, Yang C. Byakangelicin protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and fibrosis in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8623-8635. [PMID: 32643868 PMCID: PMC7412405 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a disease caused by long-term damage that is related to a number of factors. The current research on the treatment of liver fibrosis mainly focuses on the activation of hepatic stellate cell, in addition to protecting liver cells. byakangelicin has certain anti-inflammatory ability, but its effect on liver fibrosis is unclear. This study aims to explore whether byakangelicin plays a role in the development of liver fibrosis and to explore its mechanism. We determined that byakangelicin has a certain ability to resist fibrosis and reduce liver cell damage in a model of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Thereafter, we performed further verification in vitro. The signalling pathways of two important pro-fibrotic cytokines, transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factor, were studied. Results showed that byakangelicin can inhibit related pathways. According to the hepatoprotective effect of byakangelicin observed in animal experiments, we studied the effect of byakangelicin on 4-HNE-induced hepatocyte (HepG2) apoptosis and explored its related pathways. The results showed that byakangelicin could attenuate 4-HNE-induced hepatocyte apoptosis via inhibiting ASK-1/JNK signalling. In conclusion, byakangelicin could improve carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis and liver injury by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell proliferation and activation and suppressing hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuaibo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiakun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruotong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bowei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tian Jin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Ning
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
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8
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Miao Y, Wu Y, Jin Y, Lei M, Nan J, Wu X. Benzoquinone derivatives with antioxidant activity inhibit activated hepatic stellate cells and attenuate liver fibrosis in TAA-induced mice. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Sha M, Gao Y, Deng C, Wan Y, Zhuang Y, Hu X, Wang Y. Therapeutic effects of AdipoRon on liver inflammation and fibrosis induced by CCl 4 in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 79:106157. [PMID: 31911372 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present work aimed to investigate the effects of AdipoRon against acute hepatitis and liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, model, AdipoRon groups (three different dosages), CCl4 was administered to induce acute hepatitis or liver fibrosis except for control group. The liver function, inflammatory and fibrotic profiles were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry and expression analysis, respectively. RESULTS AdipoRon pretreatment effectively attenuated oxidative stress and hepatocellular damage in acute CCl4 intoxication, demonstrated by marked reduction in peroxidation indexes [hepatic malonaldehyde (MDA), total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)] and serum transaminases [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST)]. Moreover, AdipoRon attenuated the severity of fibrosis induced by sustaining CCl4 challenge, with the alleviation of fibrous deposit and architecture distortion. The levels of canonical fibrosis markers (aminotransferases, hydroxyproline, hyaluronic acid, laminin) were also dose-dependently modulated by AdipoRon. Immunochemistry and expression analysis showed AdipoRon restrained the proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β1, α-SMA, COL1A1), which somehow, ascribed the anti-fibrotic action to inhibiting hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and quenching specific inflammation-fibrogenesis pathways. CONCLUSIONS AdipoRon demonstrates a remedial capacity against hepatitis and fibrosis induced by CCl4, potentially by inflammation restraint and HSC deactivation, which might pave the way for its therapeutical application in hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sha
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yaru Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Can Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuemeng Wan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaochuan Hu
- Department of Occupational Disease, Qingdao Central Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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10
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Role of stellate cells in hepatic echinococcosis in cattle. J Parasit Dis 2019; 43:576-582. [PMID: 31749527 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-019-01129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydatid cysts formed by the metacestodes of Echinococcus granulosus. Cattle suffering from hydatid cyst shows fluid-filled structures, especially in liver. These parasite-induced cysts localized by forming fibrous capsules in the liver. Fibrogenesis is the host immune response in the liver against these parasites. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are localized perisinusoidal space also known as vitamin A-storing cells, characterize the important fibrogenic cell type. In this study, livers from 15 animals with hydatid cyst and 8 healthy animals were used. Hematoxylin and Eosin, masson trichrome staining were performed on the prepared liver sections. Microscopically, cysts were bordered eosinophilic necrotic debris blended with degenerate neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and multinucleated giant cells, which extend into the adjacent fibrous connective tissue. In Masson trichrome staining, the fibrous connective tissue was observed surrounding of hydatid cyst. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), collagen I, GFAP/collagen I, positive cells were investigated using either indirect single- or double-labeling immunohistochemical staining. The results indicated that anti-GFAP-positive staining was seen in areas including fibrous tissue just under the foreign body giant cells surrounding the cyst wall. In double immunohistochemical staining, it was observed that HSCs labeled with anti-GFAP antibody in the fibrous connective tissue also labeled anti-collagen I antibody. This study shows that HSCs may responsible for synthesis the collagen I in the development of parasitic fibrosis in cystic echinococcosis in the liver of cattle.
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Ye Z, Lu W, Liang L, Tang M, Wang Y, Li Z, Zeng H, Wang A, Lin M, Huang L, Wang H, Hu H. Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha alleviate liver injury by modulating anti-inflammatory functions in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:149. [PMID: 31133062 PMCID: PMC6537220 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can migrate to tissue injury sites where they can induce multipotential differentiation and anti-inflammation effects to treat tissue injury. When traditional therapeutic methods do not work, MSCs are considered to be one of the best candidates for cell therapy. MSCs have been used for treating several injury- and inflammation-associated diseases, including liver cirrhosis. However, the therapeutic effect of MSCs is limited. In some cases, the anti-inflammatory function of naïve MSCs is not enough to rescue tissue injury. Methods Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to establish a mouse liver cirrhosis model. Enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α) overexpression adenoviruses were used to modify MSCs. Three weeks after liver injury induction, mice were injected with bone marrow MSCs via their tail vein. The mice were then sacrificed 3 weeks after MSC injection. Liver injury was evaluated by measuring glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) levels. Histological and molecular evaluations were performed to study the mechanisms. Results We found that HNF-4α-overexpressing MSCs had a better treatment effect than unmodified MSCs on liver cirrhosis. In the CCl4-induced mouse liver injury model, we found that HNF-4α-MSCs reduced inflammation in the liver and alleviated liver injury. In addition, we found that HNF-4α promoted the anti-inflammatory effect of MSCs by enhancing nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, which was dependent on the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway. Conclusions MSCs overexpressing HNF-4α exerted good therapeutic effects against mouse liver cirrhosis due to an enhanced anti-inflammatory effect. Gene modification is likely a promising method for improving the effects of cell therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1260-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiong Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Wenfeng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Heping Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Moubin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Teng Yue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Ji Mo Road, Shanghai, 201200, China.
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Al-Humadi H, Alhumadi A, Al-Saigh R, Strilakou A, Lazaris AC, Gazouli M, Liapi C. "Extracellular matrix remodelling in the liver of rats subjected to dietary choline deprivation and/or thioacetamide administration". Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:1245-1256. [PMID: 30019784 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Choline deprivation is a recognized experimental approach to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, while thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis resembles alcoholic liver fibrogenesis. In order to elucidate the effect of TAA on liver extracellular matrix composition under choline deprivation due to choline-deficient diet (CDD) administration, we evaluated the transcriptional and immunohistochemical (IHC) pattern of major hepatic matrix metalloproteinases (namely, MMP-2, -9) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1, -2) in adult male albino Wistar rats at 30, 60 and 90 days. In the CDD+TAA group, IHC showed an early progressive increase in MMP-2 expression, while MMP-9 initially exhibited a significant increase followed by a gradual decrease; TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 IHC expressions showed gradual increase throughout the experiment. The MMPs-TIMPs regulation at the transcriptional level was found to be increased in all groups throughout the experiment. The increased MMP-2/TIMP-2 and suppressed MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios in IHC and in real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) seemed to correlate with the degree of liver fibrosis. These results support the important role of MMPs and TIMPs in controlling the hepatic pathogenesis and shed more light on the recently described experimental approach to liver disease (steatohepatitis) under the impact of two insults (TAA and CDD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Al-Humadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alhumadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rafal Al-Saigh
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Clinical & Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Athina Strilakou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Science/Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charis Liapi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Anuja GI, Shine VJ, Latha PG, Suja SR. Protective effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Drynaria quercifolia against CCl 4 induced rat liver fibrosis via Nrf2/ARE and NFκB signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:79-88. [PMID: 29174446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Drynaria quercifolia rhizome is traditionally used as hepatoprotective drug especially in chronic jaundice. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to scientifically evaluate the efficacy of D. quercifolia rhizome against liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS D. quercifolia rhizome crude extract (DQ) and its fractions of hexane (HDQ), ethyl acetate (EDQ), butanol (BDQ) were evaluated in vitro using primary hepatocytes and RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo anti-liver fibrotic activity of EDQ was assessed using CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in Wistar rats and serum biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, SB, cholesterol), MDA, PT, INR, GSH, SOD, CAT, liver glycogen, serum albumin levels were monitored. qRT-PCR analysis of TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS were performed. ELISA method was used to estimate TNF-α, COX-1 & 2. Histopathological studies like H & E, Masson's trichrome, immunohistochemistry staining for α-SMA, TIMP-1, Nrf2 were conducted. LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis of EDQ was conducted. RESULTS In vitro activity guided fractionation of D. quercifolia revealed EDQ as active fraction when compared to other extracts. EDQ treatment significantly inhibited the expression of α-SMA, TIMP-1, COX-2, TNF-α, iNOS and increased the levels of Nrf2 in rat liver fibrosis. LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis of EDQ confirmed the presence of naringin and naringenin. CONCLUSION The anti-liver fibrotic activity of EDQ is via inhibition of NFκB signalling pathway, antioxidant response through Nrf2 activation and further inhibition of HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Anuja
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerela, India.
| | - V J Shine
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerela, India
| | - P G Latha
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerela, India
| | - S R Suja
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerela, India
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Liu H, Dong F, Li G, Niu M, Zhang C, Han Y, He L, Yin P, Wang B, Sang X, Li R, Wang J, Bai Z, Xiao X. Liuweiwuling tablets attenuate BDL-induced hepatic fibrosis via modulation of TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:232-241. [PMID: 28864168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liuweiwuling (LWWL) tablets contain a six-herb Chinese formula and are commonly prescribed to facilitate nourishment of the liver and kidneys, clear away toxic materials and activate blood circulation. Administration of LWWL is well known for its protective effects on the liver and its capacity to confer long-term stability in patients exhibiting reduced transaminase levels. Clinical studies have reported that LWWL can also be used for the treatment of liver fibrosis with associated treatment regimens resulting in a concomitant reduction in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels in the serum of patients with hepatic fibrosis. TGF-β1 plays a prominent role in stimulating liver fibrogenesis and this effect is mediated by myofibroblasts (MFB) derived from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). It is likely that this phenomenon underpins the antifibrotic effects associated with LWWL. AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the antifibrotic effects and mechanisms pertaining to LWWL. METHODS Hepatic fibrosis was induced in rats following bile duct ligation (BDL). Rats that underwent BDL received daily gavage administration of colchicine (0.2mg/kg per day), LWWL (0.4, 1.6, 6.4g/kg per day) or PBS (for the control group). Pathological changes in hepatic tissue were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and sirius red staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to monitor α-SMA and type I collagen (Collagen I) protein expression. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analyses were used to monitor the expression of genes and proteins in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, including TGF-β1, bone morphogenic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (Bambi), Smad3, phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3) and Smad7. We also monitored the expression of genes and proteins in the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, including NF-κB p65, IκBα and phosphorylation of IκBα (p-IκBα), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). RESULTS LWWL dose-dependently inhibited BDL-induced liver injury and hepatic fibrosis in rats. Furthermore, LWWL reduced liver tissue collagen deposition, hydroxyproline content, liver dysfunction and α-SMA expression in BDL-induced hepatic fibrosis rats. Moreover, LWWL markedly prevented activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway by inhibiting expression of Smad2/3 and phosphorylation of Smad3, and upregulating the expression of Bambi and Smad7. In addition, LWWL regulated the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB p65 and the phosphorylation of IκBα, and increasing the expression of IκBα. CONCLUSIONS LWWL can attenuate BDL-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, and this effect may be due to modulation of the NF-κB-dependent inflammatory response and activation of HSC and TGF-β/Smad-mediated synthesis and degradation of Collagen I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Chengde Medical University Chengde, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Health Statistics, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangquan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Congen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhong Han
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanzhi He
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Sang
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Chengde Medical University Chengde, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruishen Li
- Animal Laboratory Center, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Reversal of Experimental Liver Damage after Transplantation of Stem-Derived Cells Detected by FTIR Spectroscopy. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4585169. [PMID: 29445403 PMCID: PMC5763141 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4585169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of autologous BM-MSCs holds great potential for treating end-stage liver diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of transplanted rBM-MSCs and rBM-MSC-derived differentiated stem cells (rBM-MSC-DSCs) for suppression of dimethylnitrosamine-injured liver damage in rat model. Synchrotron radiation Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy was applied to investigate changes in the macromolecular composition. Transplantation of rBM-MSC-DSCs into liver-injured rats restored their serum albumin level and significantly suppressed transaminase activity as well as the morphological manifestations of liver disease. The regenerative effects of rBM-MSC-DSCs were corroborated unequivocally by the phenotypic difference analysis between liver tissues revealed by infrared spectroscopy. Spectroscopic changes in the spectral region from 1190–970 cm−1 (bands with absorbance maxima at 1150 cm−1, 1081 cm−1, and 1026 cm−1) indicated decreased levels of carbohydrates, in rBM-MSC-DSC-transplanted livers, compared with untreated and rBM-MSC--transplanted animals. Principal component analysis (PCA) of spectra acquired from liver tissue could readily discriminate rBM-MSC-DSC-transplanted animals from the untreated and rBM-MSC-transplanted animals. We conclude that the transplantation of rBM-MSC-DSCs effectively treats liver disease in rats and SR-FTIR microspectroscopy provides important insights into the fundamental biochemical alterations induced by the stem-derived cell transplantation, including an objective “signature” of the regenerative effects of stem cell therapy upon liver injury.
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The stellate cell system (vitamin A-storing cell system). Anat Sci Int 2017; 92:387-455. [PMID: 28299597 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-017-0395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Past, present, and future research into hepatic stellate cells (HSCs, also called vitamin A-storing cells, lipocytes, interstitial cells, fat-storing cells, or Ito cells) are summarized and discussed in this review. Kupffer discovered black-stained cells in the liver using the gold chloride method and named them stellate cells (Sternzellen in German) in 1876. Wake rediscovered the cells in 1971 using the same gold chloride method and various modern histological techniques including electron microscopy. Between their discovery and rediscovery, HSCs disappeared from the research history. Their identification, the establishment of cell isolation and culture methods, and the development of cellular and molecular biological techniques promoted HSC research after their rediscovery. In mammals, HSCs exist in the space between liver parenchymal cells (PCs) or hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) of the hepatic lobule, and store 50-80% of all vitamin A in the body as retinyl ester in lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. SCs also exist in extrahepatic organs such as pancreas, lung, and kidney. Hepatic (HSCs) and extrahepatic stellate cells (EHSCs) form the stellate cell (SC) system or SC family; the main storage site of vitamin A in the body is HSCs in the liver. In pathological conditions such as liver fibrosis, HSCs lose vitamin A, and synthesize a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM) components including collagen, proteoglycan, glycosaminoglycan, and adhesive glycoproteins. The morphology of these cells also changes from the star-shaped HSCs to that of fibroblasts or myofibroblasts.
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Ligustrazine-Oleanolic Acid Glycine Derivative, G-TOA, Selectively Inhibited the Proliferation and Induced Apoptosis of Activated HSC-T6 Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111599. [PMID: 27886086 PMCID: PMC6273822 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a naturally occurring wound-healing reaction, with an imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) during tissue repair response, which can further deteriorate to hepatocellular carcinoma without timely treatment. Inhibiting activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation and inducing apoptosis are the main methods for the treatment of liver fibrosis. In our previous study, we found that the TOA-glycine derivative (G-TOA) had exhibited more significant inhibitory activity against HepG2 cells and better hydrophilicity than TOA, ligustrazine (TMP), and oleanolic acid (OA). However, inhibiting activated HSC proliferation and inducing apoptosis by G-TOA had not been reported. In this paper, the selective cytotoxicity of G-TOA was evaluated on HSC-T6 cells and L02 cells, and apoptosis mechanisms were explored. It was found that G-TOA could selectively inhibit the proliferation of activated HSC-T6 cells, induce morphological changes, early apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, increase intracellular free calcium levels, downregulate the expression of NF-κB/p65 and COX-2 protein, and decrease the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, thereby inducing HSC-T6 cell apoptosis. Thence, G-TOA might be a potential antifibrosis agent for the therapy of hepatic fibrosis, provided that it exerts anti-fibrosis effects on activated HSC-T6 cells.
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Gil MN, Choi DR, Yu KS, Jeong JH, Bak DH, Kim DK, Lee NS, Lee JH, Jeong YG, Na CS, Na DS, Ryu KH, Han SY. Rhus verniciflua Stokes attenuates cholestatic liver cirrhosis-induced interstitial fibrosis via Smad3 down-regulation and Smad7 up-regulation. Anat Cell Biol 2016; 49:189-198. [PMID: 27722012 PMCID: PMC5052228 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2016.49.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver cirrhosis (CLC) eventually proceeds to end-stage liver failure by mediating overwhelming deposition of collagen, which is produced by activated interstitial myofibroblasts. Although the beneficial effects of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) on various diseases are well-known, its therapeutic effect and possible underlying mechanism on interstitial fibrosis associated with CLC are not elucidated. This study was designed to assess the protective effects of RVS and its possible underlying mechanisms in rat models of CLC established by bile duct ligation (BDL). We demonstrated that BDL markedly elevated the serological parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin, all of which were significantly attenuated by the daily uptake of RVS (2 mg/kg/day) for 28 days (14 days before and after operation) via intragastric route. We observed that BDL drastically induced the deterioration of liver histoarchitecture and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), both of which were significantly attenuated by RVS. In addition, we revealed that RVS inhibited BDL-induced proliferation and activation of interstitial myofibroblasts, a highly suggestive cell type for ECM production, as shown by immunohistochemical and semi-quantitative detection of α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Finally, we demonstrated that the anti-fibrotic effect of RVS was associated with the inactivation of Smad3, the key downstream target of a major fibrogenic cytokine, i.e., transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Simultaneously, we also found that RVS reciprocally increased the expression of Smad7, a negative regulatory protein of the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. Taken together, these results suggested that RVS has a therapeutic effect on CLC, and these effects are, at least partly, due to the inhibition of liver fibrosis by the downregulation of Smad3 and upregulation of Smad7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Na Gil
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Du Ri Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Heun Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University R&D Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Kyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Nam-Seob Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Je-Hun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Gil Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | | | - Ki-Hyun Ryu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Han
- Department of Anatomy, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.; Myunggok Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Marzaro G, Castagliuolo I, Schirato G, Palu' G, Dalla Via M, Chilin A, Brun P. Substituted quinazolinones as kinase inhibitors endowed with anti-fibrotic properties. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 115:416-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ex Vivo Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1-Mediated Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Hepatocytes Is Enhanced by Chinese Medicine Yiguanjian Drug-Containing Serum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7380439. [PMID: 27190538 PMCID: PMC4848422 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7380439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Yiguanjian is administered in traditional Chinese medicine for liver diseases and has been demonstrated to reduce liver fibrosis. This study investigated the effect of Yiguanjian drug-containing serum (YGJ) with Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) on the differentiation of murine bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BM-MSCs) into hepatocytes in vitro. Adherent MSCs were isolated from murine bone marrow. Differentiation was induced by 20 ng/mL HGF, 50 ng/mL SDF-1, and 20% Yiguanjian drug-containing serum for 7 to 28 days, and mature hepatocytes' marker albumin (ALB) and cholangiocytes' marker cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) were assessed by immunocytochemistry and western blot. BM-MSCs exhibited homogeneous spindle shape growth after subculture and stained positive for CD90 and negative for CD34. After induction with HGF + normal serum or YGJ for 14 days, HGF + SDF-1 + normal serum for 7 days, or HGF + SDF-1 + YGJ for 5 days, MSCs' morphology changed gradually and begun to resemble hepatocyte-like cells. Cultures supplemented with HGF + SDF-1 + YGJ contained significantly higher proportions of ALB and CK-18 positive cells than cultures supplemented with HGF + SDF-1 + normal serum at day 7. These observations corroborated the results of western blot. In conclusion, Yiguanjian drug-containing serum could facilitate the differentiation of murine BM-MSCs into hepatocytes in vitro and has a synergistic effect with SDF-1 and HGF.
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Lee BW, Jeon BS, Kim HS, Kim HC, Yoon BI. Cysticercus fasciolaris infection in wild rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Korea and formation of cysts by remodeling of collagen fibers. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:263-70. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638716643129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercus fasciolaris, the larval form of Taenia taeniaeformis, is commonly encountered in rodents. In our study, 287 wild rats ( Rattus norvegicus) in South Korea were examined in 2010 and 2011. Of 287 rats, 97 (33.8%) were infected with C. fasciolaris. A strong positive correlation was found between the host body weight and prevalence in both sexes, regardless of the year of collection. The liver was the most common habitat of the parasite, and the lung was the most frequent ectopic region, followed by mesentery, pleura, abdominal wall, and kidney. The lesions of the affected organs were generally characterized by well-developed cysts, each containing a larva. However, the cysts within kidney and abdominal wall were poorly organized, filled with abscess, and lacked larvae. Collagen types I and III, but not type IV, played significant roles in constructing the cysts at differential stages, addressed by immunohistochemistry. During cyst wall development, both collagen types contributed equally to cyst formation at the early stage, whereas collagen type I was the major component at the late stage ( p < 0.05). In early-stage cysts, distribution of collagens was interestingly differential depending on the development stage, as collagen type I was localized in the outer layer and type III was located in the inner layer. Our results suggest that an appropriate remodeling process of collagen fibers is necessary for C. fasciolaris to build the well-conditioned cysts in the target organs for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Woo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Suk Jeon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Soo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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Richards JA, Bucsaiova M, Hesketh EE, Ventre C, Henderson NC, Simpson K, Bellamy COC, Howie SEM, Anderton SM, Hughes J, Wigmore SJ. Acute Liver Injury Is Independent of B Cells or Immunoglobulin M. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138688. [PMID: 26406765 PMCID: PMC4583453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Acute liver injury is a clinically important pathology and results in the release of Danger Associated Molecular Patterns, which initiate an immune response. Withdrawal of the injurious agent and curtailing any pathogenic secondary immune response may allow spontaneous resolution of injury. The role B cells and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) play in acute liver injury is largely unknown and it was proposed that B cells and/or IgM would play a significant role in its pathogenesis. Methods Tissue from 3 models of experimental liver injury (ischemia-reperfusion injury, concanavalin A hepatitis and paracetamol-induced liver injury) and patients transplanted following paracetamol overdose were stained for evidence of IgM deposition. Mice deficient in B cells (and IgM) were used to dissect out the role B cells and/or IgM played in the development or resolution of injury. Serum transfer into mice lacking IgM was used to establish the role IgM plays in injury. Results Significant deposition of IgM was seen in the explanted livers of patients transplanted following paracetamol overdose as well as in 3 experimental models of acute liver injury (ischemia-reperfusion injury, concanavalin A hepatitis and paracetamol-induced liver injury). Serum transfer into IgM-deficient mice failed to reconstitute injury (p = 0.66), despite successful engraftment of IgM. Mice deficient in both T and B cells (RAG1-/-) mice (p<0.001), but not B cell deficient (μMT) mice (p = 0.93), were significantly protected from injury. Further interrogation with T cell deficient (CD3εKO) mice confirmed that the T cell component is a key mediator of sterile liver injury. Mice deficient in B cells and IgM mice did not have a significant delay in resolution following acute liver injury. Discussion IgM deposition appears to be common feature of both human and murine sterile liver injury. However, neither IgM nor B cells, play a significant role in the development of or resolution from acute liver injury. T cells appear to be key mediators of injury. In conclusion, the therapeutic targeting of IgM or B cells (e.g. with Rituximab) would have limited benefit in protecting patients from acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Richards
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Clinical Surgery, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Martina Bucsaiova
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily E. Hesketh
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Ventre
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C. Henderson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Hepatology, Division of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Simpson
- Hepatology, Division of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher O. C. Bellamy
- The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. M. Howie
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Anderton
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hughes
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Wigmore
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Clinical Surgery, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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A Survey of Therapeutic Effects of Artemisia capillaris in Liver Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:728137. [PMID: 26366183 PMCID: PMC4558445 DOI: 10.1155/2015/728137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia capillaris has been recognized as an herb with therapeutic efficacy in liver diseases and widely used as an alternative therapy in Asia. Numerous studies have reported the antisteatotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, choleretic, antiviral, antifibrotic, and antitumor activities of A. capillaris. These reports support its therapeutic potential in various liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, several properties of its various constituents, which provide clues to the underlying mechanisms of its therapeutic effects, have been studied. This review describes the scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of A. capillaris and its constituents in various liver diseases.
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Abd El-Ghaffar HAER, Ahmed AI, Abdelaal AA, Emam RF, Mansour LA. Antioxidant enzymes gene polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus-infected Egyptian patients. COMPARATIVE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 24:609-615. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-014-1954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Soares e Silva AK, de Oliveira Cipriano Torres D, dos Santos Gomes FO, dos Santos Silva B, Lima Ribeiro E, Costa Oliveira A, dos Santos LAM, de Lima MDCA, Pitta IDR, Peixoto CA. LPSF/GQ-02 inhibits the development of hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123787. [PMID: 25875942 PMCID: PMC4397012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) defines a wide spectrum of liver diseases that extends from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Although the pathogenesis of NAFLD remains undefined, it is recognized that insulin resistance is present in almost all patients who develop this disease. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) act as an insulin sensitizer and have been used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and other insulin-resistant conditions, including NAFLD. Hence, therapy of NAFLD with insulin-sensitizing drugs should ideally improve the key hepatic histological changes, while also reducing cardiometabolic and cancer risks. Controversially, TZDs are associated with the development of cardiovascular events and liver problems. Therefore, there is a need for the development of new therapeutic strategies to improve liver function in patients with chronic liver diseases. The aim of the present study was to assess the therapeutic effects of LPSF/GQ-02 on the liver of LDLR-/- mice after a high-fat diet. Eighty male mice were divided into 4 groups and two different experiments: 1-received a standard diet; 2-fed with a high-fat diet (HFD); 3–HFD+pioglitazone; 4–HFD+LPSF/GQ-02. The experiments were conducted for 10 or 12 weeks and in the last two or four weeks respectively, the drugs were administered daily by gavage. The results obtained with an NAFLD murine model indicated that LPSF/GQ-02 was effective in improving the hepatic architecture, decreasing fat accumulation, reducing the amount of collagen, decreasing inflammation by reducing IL-6, iNOS, COX-2 and F4 / 80, and increasing the protein expression of IκBα, cytoplasmic NFκB-65, eNOS and IRS-1 in mice LDLR -/-. These results suggest a direct action by LPSF/GQ-02 on the factors that affect inflammation, insulin resistance and fat accumulation in the liver of these animals. Further studies are being conducted in our laboratory to investigate the possible mechanism of action of LPSF/GQ-02 on hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruna dos Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Edlene Lima Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Amanda Costa Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Laboratório de planejamento e síntese de fármacos, Universidade federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ivan da Rocha Pitta
- Laboratório de planejamento e síntese de fármacos, Universidade federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Estimation of Hepatic Extracellular Volume Fraction Using Multiphasic Liver Computed Tomography for Hepatic Fibrosis Grading. Invest Radiol 2015; 50:290-6. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Comparison between accuracy of different scoring systems in prediction of liver cirrhosis-related complications. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/01.elx.0000459079.56315.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Tuomi H, Kultti J, Danielsson J, Kangastupa P, Akerman K, Niemelä O. Serum soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in alcoholics: relation to liver disease severity, fibrogenesis, and alcohol use. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1991-5. [PMID: 24909734 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Heavy alcohol consumption may lead to development of liver disease and the need for non-invasive parameters for detecting those at risk is widely acknowledged. METHODS We measured serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels from 63 patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), 57 heavy drinkers without apparent liver disease, and 39 controls who were either moderate drinkers or abstainers. RESULTS The highest serum suPAR concentrations were detected in patients with ALD (P < 0.001) showing high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating ALD patients from heavy drinkers without liver disease (area under curve 0.921, P < 0.001). Levels of suPAR correlated positively with serum markers of fibrogenesis (aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen and hyaluronic acid) (P < 0.001), with clinical (combined clinical and laboratory index P < 0.01) and morphological (combined morphological index P < 0.05) indices of liver disease severity and with the stage of fibrosis (P < 0.01). The suPAR concentrations were also elevated in heavy drinkers when compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The data indicate that serum suPAR concentrations are increased as a result of heavy alcohol consumption and further with development of ALD, showing a good diagnostic performance in detecting those with liver disease. The association with the histological severity of ALD and correlation with fibrosis indicates potential of serum suPAR also as a prognostic marker in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Tuomi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and University of Tampere, Seinäjoki, Finland
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Jang YO, Kim MY, Cho MY, Baik SK, Cho YZ, Kwon SO. Effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on hepatic fibrosis in a thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic rat model. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:198. [PMID: 25425284 PMCID: PMC4251876 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-014-0198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cirrhosis is a long-term consequence of chronic hepatic injury with fibrosis. No effective therapy is currently available for decompensated cirrhosis except liver transplantation. Hence, we investigated the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on hepatic fibrosis in a thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cirrhotic rat model. Methods The BM-MSCs were injected directly into the right liver lobe twice, at 6 and 8 weeks during the 12-week TAA administration, in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cirrhotic rats model, and hepatic fibrosis was evaluated. At 12 weeks, the effect of BM-MSCs on hepatic fibrosis was analyzed histomorphologically using the Laennec fibrosis scoring system, and the collagen proportionate area was quantified. Cirrhosis-related factors, such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), type 1 collagen (collagen-1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and P-Smad3/Smad3 expression levels, were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays. Results According to the Laennec fibrosis scoring system, histological improvement was observed in hepatic fibrosis after BM-MSC treatment (P <0.01). The percentage of the collagen proportionate area decreased from 16.72 ± 5.51 to 5.06 ± 1.27 after BM-MSC treatment (P <0.01). The content of hepatic hydroxyproline was significantly lower in the BM-MSC treated group (46.25 ± 13.19) compared to the untreated cirrhotic group (85.81 ± 17.62; P <0.01). BM-MSC administration significantly decreased TGF-β1, collagen-1, and α-SMA expression in TAA-induced cirrhotic rats (P <0.01). We also confirmed P-Smad3/Smad3, downstream effectors of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, and found that MSC transplantation inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation. Conclusions BM-MSC treatment attenuated hepatic fibrosis in rats with TAA-induced cirrhosis, raising the possibility of the clinical use of BM-MSCs in the treatment of cirrhosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12876-014-0198-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ok Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, 162, Ilsan-dong, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, 162, Ilsan-dong, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mee Yon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, 162, Ilsan-dong, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, 162, Ilsan-dong, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn Zoo Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, 162, Ilsan-dong, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Ok Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, 162, Ilsan-dong, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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Bishi DK, Guhathakurta S, Venugopal JR, Cherian KM, Ramakrishna S. Low frequency magnetic force augments hepatic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on a biomagnetic nanofibrous scaffold. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:2579-2589. [PMID: 25011500 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Liver tissue engineering using polymeric nanofibrous scaffold and stem cells holds great promises for treating end-stage liver failures. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepatic trans-differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on a biomagnetic electrospun nanofibrous scaffold fabricated from a blend of poly-L-lactide (PLLA), collagen and fibrin-rich blood clot, under the influence of a low frequency magnetic field. The scaffold was characterized for surface properties, biochemical and biomechanical parameters and bio-magnetic behaviour. Cell proliferation assay revealed that the scaffold was suitable for hMSCs adhesion and proliferation. Hepatic trans-differentiation potential of hMSCs was augmented on nanofibrous scaffold in magnetic field exposure group compared to control groups, as evident by strong expression of hepatocyte specific markers, albumin release, urea synthesis and presence of an inducible cytochrome P450 system. Our results conclude that biomagnetic scaffold of PLLA/collagen/blood clot augments hepatic trans-differentiation of hMSCs under magnetic field influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillip Kumar Bishi
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, R-30 C, Ambattur Industrial Estate Road, Mogappair, Chennai, India
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Parajuli DR, Zhao YZ, Jin H, Chi JH, Li SY, Kim YC, Sohn DH, Lee SH. Anti-fibrotic effect of PF2401-SF, a standardized fraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza, in thioacetamide-induced experimental rats liver fibrosis. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:549-55. [PMID: 25005065 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported the in vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective and anti-fibrotic effects of PF2401-SF, a standardized fraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza, against acute and subacute liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PF2401-SF on liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA), a chronic liver injury model (12 weeks) that closely resembles fibrosis and cirrhosis in humans. Hepatoprotective activity was indicated by low serum levels of the markers aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase .In addition, compared to the TAA-group livers, the PF2401-SF-treated liver tissues showed no fibrous tissue deposition in the portal areas, hepatocyte morphology more closely resembling normal tissue morphology, and significantly reduced collagen deposition. Furthermore, downregulation of collagen 1(α) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1 protein and mRNA expression also supports PF2401-SF's anti-fibrotic effect. We also observed reduced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), an important marker of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. From these results, we conclude that PF2401-SF's anti-fibrotic mechanism in the TAA model involves reduced HSC activation, and may be mediated by downregulation of central markers of fibrosis, including collagen 1(α), TIMP1, and α-SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daya Ram Parajuli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Quynh ANT, Sharma N, Cho KK, Yeo TJ, Kim KB, Jeong CY, Min TS, Young KJ, Kim JN, Jeong DK. Efficacious rat model displays non-toxic effect with Korean beechwood creosote: a possible antibiotic substitute. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:447-454. [PMID: 26019530 PMCID: PMC4433953 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.931696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood creosote, an herbal anti-diarrheal and a mixture of major volatile compounds, was tested for its non-toxicological effects, using a rat model, with the objective to use the creosote as an antibiotic substitute. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were studied to form five groups with 6 rats each. Korea beechwood creosote was supplemented into three test groups with 0.03 g/kg, 0.07 g/kg and 0.1 g/kg body weight/day without antibiotic support, along with a positive control of Apramycin sulphate (at 0.5% of the daily feed) and a negative control. Korean beechwood creosote supplementation showed no negative effect on the body weight gain in comparison to the negative and the positive control groups and the feed conversion ratio was also comparable with that of the control groups. The clinical pathology parameters studied were also under the umbrella of normal range, including liver specific enzymes, blood glucose, total protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which indicated no toxic effect of creosote at the given doses. The non-hepatotoxic effect was also confirmed using hepatic damage specific molecular markers like Tim-p1, Tim-p2 and Tgf-β1. The results suggested that Korean beechwood may be used as antibiotic substitute in weanling pigs feed without any toxic effect on the body. Although the antimicrobial properties of creosote were not absolutely similar to those of apramycin sulphate, they were comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University , Jeju , Korea
| | - Kwang Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology , Jinju , Korea
| | - Tae Jong Yeo
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology , Jinju , Korea
| | - Ki Beom Kim
- Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation , Anyang , Korea
| | - Chul Yon Jeong
- Changjobio Research Institute, Changjobio Corporation , Jeju , Korea
| | - Tae Sun Min
- National Research Foundation (NRF), R&D Policy Team , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Kim Jae Young
- Swine Science & Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology , Jinju , Korea
| | - Jin Nam Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University , Jeju , Korea
| | - Dong-Kee Jeong
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University , Jeju , Korea
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Jang YO, Kim YJ, Baik SK, Kim MY, Eom YW, Cho MY, Park HJ, Park SY, Kim BR, Kim JW, Soo Kim H, Kwon SO, Choi EH, Kim YM. Histological improvement following administration of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for alcoholic cirrhosis: a pilot study. Liver Int 2014; 34:33-41. [PMID: 23782511 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In experimental models, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into hepatocytes and exhibit antifibrotic effects. However, there have been no studies in humans with alcoholic cirrhosis. AIM The aim of this study was to elucidate the antifibrotic effect of BM-MSCs in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, as a phase II clinical trial. METHODS Twelve patients (11 males, 1 female) with baseline biopsy-proven alcoholic cirrhosis who had been alcohol free for at least 6 months were enrolled. BM-MSCs were isolated from each patient's BM and amplified for 1 month, and 5 × 10(7) cells were then injected twice, at weeks 4 and 8, through the hepatic artery. One patient was withdrawn because of ingestion of alcohol. Finally, 11 patients completed the follow-up biopsy and laboratory tests at 12 weeks after the second injection. The primary outcome was improvement in the patients' histological features. RESULTS According to the Laennec fibrosis system, histological improvement was observed in 6 of 11 patients (54.5%). The Child-Pugh score improved in ten patients (90.9%) and the levels of transforming growth factor-β1, type 1 collagen and α-smooth muscle actin significantly decreased (as assessed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) after BM-MSCs therapy (P < 0.05). No significant complications or side effects were observed during this study. CONCLUSIONS Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells therapy in alcoholic cirrhosis induces a histological and quantitative improvement of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ok Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea; Department of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Three-dimensional imaging of hepatic sinusoids in mice using synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68600. [PMID: 23861925 PMCID: PMC3702620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic sinusoid, the smallest vessel in the liver, plays important roles in hepatic microcirculation. Although the structure of the hepatic sinusoids affects diverse functions of the liver, little is known about morphological alterations in the sinusoids under pathological conditions. In this study, we show that the structure of hepatic sinusoids can be identified three-dimensionally in normal and carbon tetrachloride-injured mouse liver, using the absorption mode of synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography. We observed that the hepatic sinusoidal structure on tomographic slice images was similar to that on histological images of normal and acutely injured mice. Moreover, centrilobular necrosis and structural alterations of the sinusoids in the necrotic region were detectable on tomographic slice and volume-rendered images of the acutely injured mice. Furthermore, quantitative analyses on 3D volume-rendered images of the injured sinusoid revealed decrease in the volume of the sinusoid and connectivity of the sinusoidal network. Our results suggest that the use of synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatic diseases by detecting the hepatic sinusoids and their alterations in three-dimensional structures of the damaged liver.
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Wang JH, Wang J, Choi MK, Gao F, Lee DS, Han JM, Son CG. Hepatoprotective effect of Amomum xanthoides against dimethylnitrosamine-induced sub-chronic liver injury in a rat model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:930-935. [PMID: 23570518 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.770040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Amomum xanthioides Wall. ex Baker (Zingiberaceae) is a tropical medicinal plant that is commonly utilized in the treatment of digestive system disorders in Asia for a long time. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and related mechanisms of A. xanthoides. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sub-chronic liver injury was induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN, 10 mg/kg, three times per week for 3 weeks, i.p.) in rats. Water extract of A. xanthoides (WAX, 50 and 100 mg/kg) was given once a day for 3 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION WAX (100 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the DMN-induced excessive release of alanine aminotransferase (123.6 IU/L), aspartate aminotransferase (227.9 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase (820.9 IU/L) and total bilirubin (0.50 g/dL) in serum (p < 0.01), and hydroxyproline (30.5 mg/g tissue) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (53.6 μM/g tissue) contents (p < 0.01) in liver tissue. Furthermore, WAX significantly ameliorated the depletion of total antioxidant capacity (2.54 μM/mg tissue), superoxide dismutase (0.30 U/mg tissue), glutathione (2.10 μM/mg tissue) and catalase (605.0 U/mg tissue) activities (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) in liver tissue. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that WAX markedly reduced inflammation, necrosis, collagen accumulation and activation of hepatic satellite cells in the liver. Our findings demonstrated that A. xanthoides exerts favorable hepatoprotective effects via positive regulation of the antioxidative system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Wang
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Marković-Živković B, Bjelaković G, Marković D, Stojanović D. NUTRITIVNA TERAPIJA HEPATIČNE ENCEFALOPATIJE KAO KOMPLIKACIJE CIROZE JETRE. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2013. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2012.0208s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Parajuli DR, Park EJ, Che XH, Jiang WY, Kim YC, Sohn DH, Lee SH. PF2401-SF, standardized fraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza, induces apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells in vitro and in vivo. Molecules 2013; 18:2122-34. [PMID: 23389256 PMCID: PMC6270605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18022122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of our attempts to develop a potential herbal medicine, we had previously prepared PF2401-SF, a standardized fraction of S. miltiorrhiza, and reported its hepatoprotective activity in vitro as well as in vivo. Since apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a well-accepted anti-fibrotic strategy, in this study, we investigated the direct effect of PF2401-SF on t-HSC/Cl-6 cells in vitro and on CCl4-induced liver injury in vivo. We evaluated the activation and cleavage of hallmarkers of apoptosis, namely, caspase 3, 8, 9 and PARP. Upregulation of the pro-apoptotic Bax protein and downregulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 protein were also analyzed. Furthermore, in the PF2401-SF treated rats, apoptosis induction of activated HSCs was demonstrated by reduced distribution of α-SMA-positive cells and the presence of high number of TUNEL-positive cells in vivo. Our data suggest that PF2401-SF can mediate HSCs apoptosis induction, and may be a potential herbal medicine for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dong Hwan Sohn
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (D.H.S.); (S.H.L.); Tel.: +82-63-850-6822 (D.H.S.); +82-63-850-6820 (S.H.L.); Fax: +82-63-854-6038 (D.H.S. & S.H.L.)
| | - Sung Hee Lee
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (D.H.S.); (S.H.L.); Tel.: +82-63-850-6822 (D.H.S.); +82-63-850-6820 (S.H.L.); Fax: +82-63-854-6038 (D.H.S. & S.H.L.)
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Choi ST, Hwang S, Hong HN, Won YJ, Ahn CS, Ha TY, Song GW, Jung DH, Park GC, Lee SG. Therapeutic potentials occurring during the early differentiation process of mesenchymal stem cells in a rats model with thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis. KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SURGERY 2013; 17:21-33. [PMID: 26155209 PMCID: PMC4304508 DOI: 10.14701/kjhbps.2013.17.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS/AIMS Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into hepatocytes, The purpose of this study is to investigate the MSCs' differentiation process and therapeutic potentials by comparing isolated MSCs with HGF-treated MSCs in rat's model with thiacetamide (TAA)-induced cirrhosis. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 100-150 g were used in this study. To induce liver fibrosis, recipient rats were taken with 0.04% thioacetamide (TAA) in the drinking water (400 mg TAA/L) for 8 weeks. The rats underlying liver cirrhosis were divided into 3 groups according to the transplanted materials, compared to normal saline as control (I) and isolated MSCs (II) HGF-treated MSCs. RESULTS Severe hepatic fibrosis and hepatocyte destruction were detected in the control group. Less hepatic cirrhosis and collagen formation, more hepatocyte regeneration and glycogen storage were detected in isolated MSCs compared to HGF-treated MSCs group, Distribution of red autofluorescence is mainly localized near the sinusoids in isolated MSCs, scattered away the sinusoids in HGF-treated MSCs group. MSCs transdifferentiated into CK-19 postive Oval cells and then to albulmin-producing hepatocytes, HGF treated MSCs differentiated into hepatocyte without the intermediate oval cells phase. HGF treated MSCs became the CK18-positive, MSCs became CD 90-positive. CONCLUSIONS Significant hepatocyte differentiation occurred in not HGF-treated MSCs but isolated MSCs group unexpectedly. These results suggest that the beneficial effect of MSCs on in rat's model with TAA-induced cirrhosis may occur during early differentiation course of MSCs. Mature hepatocyte itself has a little effect on the accelerated differentiation and functional capacity of hepatic lineage cell-line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Tae Choi
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Shin Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hea-Nam Hong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You-Jin Won
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Soo Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Ha
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Won Song
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Jung
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gil-Chun Park
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Gyu Lee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Efficacy of chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells isolated from placenta in CCl4-injured rat liver depends on transplantation routes. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-013-0364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Tashiro K, Satoh A, Utsumi T, Chung C, Iwakiri Y. Absence of Nogo-B (reticulon 4B) facilitates hepatic stellate cell apoptosis and diminishes hepatic fibrosis in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:786-95. [PMID: 23313137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nogo-B (reticulon 4B) accentuates hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, but the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the role of Nogo-B in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) apoptosis in cirrhotic livers. Cirrhosis was generated by carbon tetrachloride inhalation in wild-type (WT) and Nogo-A/B knockout (Nogo-B KO) mice. HSCs were isolated from WT and Nogo-B KO mice and cultured for activation and transformation to myofibroblasts (MF-HSCs). Human hepatic stellate cells (LX2 cells) were used to assess apoptotic responses of activated HSCs after silencing or overexpressing Nogo-B. Livers from cirrhotic Nogo-B KO mice showed significantly reduced fibrosis (P < 0.05) compared with WT mice. Apoptotic cells were more prominent in fibrotic areas of cirrhotic Nogo-B KO livers. Nogo-B KO MF-HSCs showed significantly increased levels of apoptotic markers, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and caspase-3 and -8 (P < 0.05) compared with WT MF-HSCs in response to staurosporine. Treatment with tunicamycin, an endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer, increased cleaved caspase-3 and -8 levels in Nogo-B KO MF-HSCs compared with WT MF-HSCs (P < 0.01). In LX2 cells, Nogo-B knockdown enhanced apoptosis in response to staurosporine, whereas Nogo-B overexpression inhibited apoptosis. The absence of Nogo-B enhances apoptosis of HSCs in experimental cirrhosis. Selective blockade of Nogo-B in HSCs may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Tashiro
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Bishi DK, Mathapati S, Venugopal JR, Guhathakurta S, Cherian KM, Ramakrishna S, Verma RS. Trans-differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells generates functional hepatospheres on poly(l-lactic acid)-co-poly(ε-caprolactone)/collagen nanofibrous scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:3972-3984. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20241k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The influence of choledochoduodenostomy and choledochojejunostomy on the repair of hepatic lesions secondary to biliary obstruction is not well known. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of choledochoduodenostomy and choledochojejunostomy on the recovery of these lesions in rats with biliary obstruction. METHODS Rats subjected to 4 weeks of biliary obstruction underwent choledochoduodenostomy (n=10) or choledochojejunostomy (n=10). The following variables were measured: total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, and albumin. Hepatic mitochondrial energy metabolism was evaluated by calculating the respiratory control ratio and the oxidative phosphorylation index. Hepatic morphometry was used to estimate the mass of the hepatocytes, bile ducts, and fibrosis, as well as the hepatic stellate cell count. RESULTS After choledochoduodenostomy and choledochojejunostomy, there was a regression in cholestasis and a reduction in the oxidative phosphorylation index. However, the total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and respiratory control ratio values improved only after choledochojejunostomy. The mass of the liver, spleen, and fibrosis was reduced after both choledochoduodenostomy and choledochojejunostomy, but the number of hepatic stellate cells increased. After choledochojejunostomy, the hepatic mass recovered completely, and the spleen mass was significantly reduced compared with that after choledochoduodenostomy. After both choledochoduodenostomy and choledochojejunostomy, enterobiliary reflux, biliary contamination, and an exacerbation in hepatic inflammation developed. CONCLUSION Choledochojejunostomy was more effective than choledochoduodenostomy, but both techniques induced enterobiliary reflux and biliary contamination, which may explain the maintenance of hepatic alterations, especially after choledochoduodenostomy.
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Evaluation of the Chinese Medicinal Herb, Graptopetalum paraguayense, as a Therapeutic Treatment for Liver Damage in Rat Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:256561. [PMID: 22811744 PMCID: PMC3395323 DOI: 10.1155/2012/256561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of cirrhosis is rising due to the widespread occurrence of chronic hepatitis, as well as the evident lack of an established therapy for hepatic fibrosis. In the search for hepatoprotective therapeutic agents, Graptopetalum paraguayense (GP) showed greater cytotoxicity toward hepatic stellate cells than other tested herbal medicines. Histopathological and biochemical analyses suggest that GP treatment significantly prevented DMN-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in rats. Microarray profiling indicated that expression of most of metabolism- and cell growth and/or maintenance-related genes recovered to near normal levels following GP treatment as classified by gene ontology and LSM analysis, was observed. ANOVA showed that expression of 64% of 256 liver damage-related genes recovered significantly after GP treatment. By examining rat liver samples with Q-RT-PCR, five liver damage-related genes were identified. Among them, Egr1 and Nrg1 may serve as necroinflammatory markers, and Btg2 may serve as a fibrosis marker. Oldr1 and Hmgcs1 were up- and down-regulated markers, respectively. A publicly accessible website has been established to provide access to these data Identification of 44 necroinflammation-related and 62 fibrosis-related genes provides useful insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying liver damage and provides potential targets for the rational development of therapeutic drugs such as GP.
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Poelstra K, Prakash J, Beljaars L. Drug targeting to the diseased liver. J Control Release 2012; 161:188-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang JH, Choi MK, Shin JW, Hwang SY, Son CG. Antifibrotic effects of Artemisia capillaris and Artemisia iwayomogi in a carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic hepatic fibrosis animal model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:179-185. [PMID: 22265746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia capillaris and Artemisia iwayomogi, both members of the Compositae family, have been indiscriminately used for various liver disorders as traditional hepatotherapeutic medicines in Korea for many years. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the anti-hepatofibrotic effects of Artemisia capillaris and Artemisia iwayomogi were comparatively analyzed using a carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced liver fibrosis rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatic fibrosis was induced via a 10-week course of intraperitoneal CCl(4) injections (50% dissolved in olive oil, 2mL/kg, twice per week). Water extract of Artemisia capillaris (AC) or Artemisia iwayomogi (AI) was orally administered six times per week from the 5th to the 10th week. RESULTS AI (50mg/kg) significantly attenuated the CCl(4)-induced excessive release of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum (p<0.05), and hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in liver tissue (p<0.05). Further, AI markedly ameliorated the depletion of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue (p<0.01). Unexpectedly, AC did not exert any effects on the above parameters. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that AI drastically reduced inflammation, necrosis, fatty infiltration, collagen accumulation, and activation of hepatic satellite cells in liver tissue. These changes were not observed with AC treatment. Several critical genes of fibrosis-related cytokines including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGF-β), and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were more prominently downregulated by AI compared to AC treatment. CONCLUSION Our results show that AI exerts greater hepatoprotective and anti-fibrotic effects as compared with AC via enhancing antioxidant capacity and downregulating fibrogentic cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Wang
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daeheung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-704, Republic of Korea
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Habib HS, Halawa TF, Atta HM. Therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stroma cells in pediatric diseases: current aspects and future perspectives. Med Sci Monit 2012; 17:RA233-239. [PMID: 22037754 PMCID: PMC3539490 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells or stroma cells (MSCs) were recently proven to play various therapeutic roles when used in clinical trials to control various inflammatory, neoplastic and immunologic diseases in children. Clinical trials show some promising results, particularly in diseases where conventional therapy is still ineffective. However, experimental studies sometimes show conflicting results. This review aims to assess the current therapeutic role of MSCs in the control of several pediatric diseases and elaborate on their future applications by reviewing published studies. A review of published studies on this subject based on Pubmed and Medical Subject Heading databases, with search for all relevant articles focusing on results of clinical trials to evaluate the clinical applications of MSCs. The review includes documentation of positive as well as negative applications of MSCs focused on pediatric diseases. MSCs have important immunosuppressive and antifibrotic effects that need to be employed to help patients with diseases for which no conventional management has proven to be effective. They may be also be used as an adjuvant to conventional therapeutic modalities to consolidate recovery. This review sheds light on the significance of the use of MSCs for the treatment of various pediatric diseases and focuses on promising applications. Most of the reported studies agree about the favorable use of MSCs in various diseases; however, more clinical trials, involving larger numbers of patients, need to be conducted in order to refine the outcome of the therapeutic methods and establish standardized protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid S Habib
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Rabigh Branch, Saudi Arabia
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Khoshbaten M, Nejad MR, Ansarin K, Fatemi R, Dulaimi DA, Derakhshan F, Jafarinia N, Barford S, Zali MR. The association between clinical symptoms, laboratory findings and serum endothelin 1 concentrations, in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatopulmonary syndrome. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2012; 5:S13-9. [PMID: 24834232 PMCID: PMC4017483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated the association between serum endothelin- 1 level and symptoms, clinical examination, laboratory and cardio-respiratory parameters, in patients with cirrhosis compared to controls. BACKGROUND Cirrhosis is associated with significant portal, pulmonary and systemic vascular abnormities. Recent studies have suggested that endothelin -1 may have a significant role in the regulation of vascular tone. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this case - control study, subjects that had been evaluated and diagnosed with biopsy-proven cirrhosis and age-matched controls with no evidence of cardio-vascular or liver disease were recruited. Review of medical records, routine laboratory investigations and cardio-respiratory investigations including echocardiography to look for evidence of hepato-pulmonary syndrome were performed. RESULTS 50 patients were subjects were recruited. The most common aetiology of the cirrhosis was chronic hepatitis B viral infection. 7/50 cases had evidence of the hepatopulmonary syndrome. Among the patients with evidence of the hepatopulmonary syndrome, dyspnoea (100%) and cyanosis (90%) were the most common of the symptoms and signs recorded. Pao2 and arterial - alveolar oxygen gradients were the most sensitive tests in the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Orthodoxy specificity was 100%. The median concentration of serum endothelin-1 in cases with hepatopulmonary syndrome was 1.06+/- 0.015 pg/ml (range 0.92 - 1.21), in cases of sub-clinical hepatopulmonary syndrome, 2.49+/- 0.08 (4.05- 0.93) in patients with cirrhosis but no evidence of hepatopulmonary syndrome criteria 0.85+/-0.74(1.06-0.64) in controls. CONCLUSION There was a significant difference in serum endothelin- 1 levels between patients with cirrhosis and controls, but not between patients with cirrhosis complicated by hepatopulmonary syndrome and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouchehr Khoshbaten
- Liver and gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami Nejad
- Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Pulmonary Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Fatemi
- Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - David Al Dulaimi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alexandra Hospital, Redditch, UK
| | - Faramarz Derakhshan
- Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nagmeh Jafarinia
- Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sophie Barford
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alexandra Hospital, Redditch, UK
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li F, Li QH, Wang JY, Zhan CY, Xie C, Lu WY. Effects of interferon-gamma liposomes targeted to platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta on hepatic fibrosis in rats. J Control Release 2011; 159:261-70. [PMID: 22226772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
No drugs have been approved clinically for the therapy of hepatic fibrosis. Though interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a highly effective anti-fibrotic agent in vitro and in some animal models in vivo, its anti-fibrotic potential in clinical trials has been disappointing, due to unwanted off-target effects and a short half-life period which results in poor efficacy. The aims of this study are to develop a new targeted drug delivery system to selectively deliver IFN-γ to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and to investigate whether it will improve the anti-fibrotic effect of IFN-γ and reduce its side effects in fibrotic livers. Sterically stable liposomes (SSLs) were modified by cyclic peptides (pPB) with a specific affinity for platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), and then IFN-γ was encapsulated in the targeted liposomes (pPB-SSL-IFN-γ). In vitro, pPB-SSL was found to be taken up and internalized by cultured activated HSCs. The binding of FITC-labeled pPB-SSL to activated HSCs was in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner, which could be inhibited by excess unlabelled pPB-SSL, PDGF-BB, suramin or monensin. The inhibitory effect of pPB-SSL-IFN-γ on the proliferation of activated HSCs was respectively 7.24-fold and 2.95-fold higher than that of free IFN-γ and IFN-γ encapsulated in untargeted SSLs. In healthy rats, the tissue distribution, living-body tracing image analyses and pharmacokinetics study showed that pPB-SSL-IFN-γ accumulated mainly in the livers and had a longer half-life than free IFN-γ (3.98±0.52h vs. 0.21±0.03h). Furthermore, in rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide injection, FITC-labeled pPB-SSL was found to predominantly localize in activated HSCs by immunofluorescent double staining for FITC and albumin or α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The enhanced anti-fibrotic effect of pPB-SSL-IFN-γ treatnment was indicated by significant decreases in the histologic Ishak stage, collagen I-staining positive areas, and α-SMA expression levels in fibrotic livers. In addition, pPB-SSL-IFN-γ treatment improved the leukopenia caused by low- and high-dosage free IFN-γ treatments. In conclusion, IFN-γ encapsulated in pPB-SSL had an extended circulation half-life and was selectively delivered to activated HSCs, which enhanced the anti-fibrotic effect of IFN-γ and reduced its side-effects in rats with hepatic fibrosis. Thus, pPB-SSL-IFN-γ may be an effective agent for the therapy of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mentink-Kane MM, Cheever AW, Wilson MS, Madala SK, Beers LM, Ramalingam TR, A.Wynn T. Accelerated and progressive and lethal liver fibrosis in mice that lack interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12p40, and IL-13Rα2. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:2200-9. [PMID: 21864478 PMCID: PMC3221932 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Progressive fibrosis contributes to the morbidity of several chronic diseases; it typically develops slowly, so the mechanisms that control its progression and resolution have been difficult to model. The proteins interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12p40, and IL-13Rα2 regulate hepatic fibrosis following infection with the helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni. We examined whether these mediators interact to slow the progression of hepatic fibrosis in mice with schistosomiasis. METHODS IL-10(-/-), IL-12/23(p40)(-/-), and IL-13Rα2(-/-) mice were crossed to generate triple knockout (TKO) mice. We studied these mice to determine whether the simultaneous deletion of these 3 negative regulators of the immune response accelerated mortality from liver fibrosis following infection with S mansoni. RESULTS Induction of inflammation by S mansoni, liver fibrosis, and mortality increased greatly in TKO mice compared with wild-type mice; 100% of the TKO mice died by 10 weeks after infection. Morbidity and mortality were associated with the development of portal hypertension, hepatosplenomegaly, gastrointestinal bleeding, ascites, thrombocytopenia, esophageal and gastric varices, anemia, and increased levels of liver enzymes, all features of advanced liver disease. IL-10, IL-12p40, and IL-13Rα2 reduced the production and activity of the profibrotic cytokine IL-13. A neutralizing antibody against IL-13 reduced the morbidity and mortality of the TKO mice following S mansoni infection. CONCLUSIONS IL-10, IL-12p40, and IL-13Rα2 act cooperatively to suppress liver fibrosis in mice following infection with S mansoni. This model rapidly reproduces many of the complications observed in patients with advanced cirrhosis, so it might be used to evaluate the efficacy of antifibrotic reagents being developed for schistosomiasis or other fibrotic diseases associated with a T-helper 2 cell-mediated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Mentink-Kane
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | - Mark S. Wilson
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Satish K. Madala
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Lara Megan Beers
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Thirumalai R. Ramalingam
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Thomas A.Wynn
- Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Li J, Liu P, Zhang R, Cao L, Qian H, Liao J, Xu W, Wu M, Yin Z. Icaritin induces cell death in activated hepatic stellate cells through mitochondrial activated apoptosis and ameliorates the development of liver fibrosis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:714-23. [PMID: 21726622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Icaritin is an active ingredient extracted from the plant Herba Epimedium Sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and mechanisms of icaritin-induced cell death in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and ameliorating the development of liver fibrosis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS : In vitro, icaritin-induced cell death rates in HSC-T6 (rat) and LX-2 (human) HSC lines as well as normal hepatocyte cell lines HL-7702 (L02) and WRL-68 were assayed by MTT method, and the apoptotic ratios were detected by both flow cytometry and the Annexin-V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit. A Whole Rat Genome Microarray Kit was used to identify expression of interest genes through fold-change screening. In vivo study, experimental liver fibrosis models were built by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) or common bile duct ligation (CBDL) in Wistar rats. Icaritin (1mg/kg/day, three days a week) was administered by gastric gavage for four weeks (n=6 per group). At the end of the study, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as the contents of hydroxyproline and collagen I in liver tissues were measured. Histopathological changes and the distribution of activated HSCs were observed in the liver tissues using hematoxyline-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). RESULTS Icaritin induced apoptosis in HSC-T6 and LX-2 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with little toxicity to normal hepatocyte cell lines. The IC(50) of icaritin in HSC-T6 was 12.83 μM at 48 h. Apoptotic ratio of HSC-T6 treated with 24 μM icaritin was 20.19%, and the G2 phase of the cell cycle did not occur (P<0.05). Gene analysis showed that icaritin up-regulated Bak-1, Bmf and Bax expression while significantly down-regulated Bcl-2 expression (vs. control group, P<0.01). These results suggested that mitochondrial pathway played an important role in icaritin-induced apoptosis in activated HSCs. In vivo results showed that icaritin reduced the number of activated HSCs, and brought the elevated levels of AST, ALT, hydroxyproline and collagen I to normal or near normal values (vs. model group, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Icaritin can induce cell death in activated HSCs through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, ameliorate the progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats, and could be a promising drug for treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Changhai Rd. 225, Shanghai 200438, PR China
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