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Stenton S, McPartland J, Shukla R, Turner K, Marton T, Hargitai B, Bamber A, Pryce J, Peres CL, Burguess N, Wagner B, Ciolka B, Simmons W, Hurrell D, Sekar T, Moldovan C, Trayers C, Bryant V, Palm L, Cohen MC. SARS-COV2 placentitis and pregnancy outcome: A multicentre experience during the Alpha and early Delta waves of coronavirus pandemic in England. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 47:101389. [PMID: 35465646 PMCID: PMC9012107 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection experience higher rates of stillbirth and preterm birth. A unique pattern of chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) and/or massive perivillous fibrin deposition (MPFD) has emerged, coined as SARS-CoV-2 placentitis. METHODS The aim of this study was to describe a cohort of placentas diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 placentitis during October 2020-March 2021. Cases with a histological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 placentitis and confirmatory immunohistochemistry were reported. Maternal demographic data, pregnancy outcomes and placental findings were collected. FINDINGS 59 mothers delivered 61 infants with SARS-CoV-2 placentitis. The gestational age ranged from 19 to 41 weeks with most cases (78.6%) being third trimester. 30 infants (49.1%) were stillborn or late miscarriages. Obese mothers had higher rates of pregnancy loss when compared with those with a BMI <30 [67% (10/15) versus 41% (14/34)]. 47/59 (79.7%) mothers had a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test either at the time of labour or in the months before, of which 12 (25.5%) were reported to be asymptomatic. Ten reported only CHI, two cases showed MPFD only and in 48 placentas both CHI and MPFD was described. INTERPRETATION SARS-CoV2 placentitis is a distinct entity associated with increased risk of pregnancy loss, particularly in the third trimester. Women can be completely asymptomatic and still experience severe placentitis. Unlike 'classical' MPFD, placentas with SARS-CoV-2 are generally normal in size with adequate fetoplacental weight ratios. Further work should establish the significance of the timing of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and placentitis, the significance of SARS-CoV2 variants, and rates of vertical transmission associated with this pattern of placental inflammation. FUNDING There was not funding associated with this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Stenton
- Histopathology Department, Sheffield Children's NHS FT, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jo McPartland
- Histopathology Department, Alder Hey Children's NHS FT, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rajeev Shukla
- Histopathology Department, Alder Hey Children's NHS FT, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kerry Turner
- Histopathology Department, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Tamas Marton
- Histopathology Department, Women Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Beata Hargitai
- Histopathology Department, Women Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Bamber
- Histopathology Department, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeremy Pryce
- Cellular Pathology Services, St Georges University Hospital NHS FT, London, UK
| | - Cesar L Peres
- Histopathology Department, Sheffield Children's NHS FT, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nadia Burguess
- Histopathology Department, Sheffield Children's NHS FT, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bart Wagner
- Histopathology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS FT, Sheffield, UK
| | - Barbara Ciolka
- Histopathology Department, Alder Hey Children's NHS FT, Liverpool, UK
| | - William Simmons
- Histopathology Department, Alder Hey Children's NHS FT, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel Hurrell
- Histopathology Department, Alder Hey Children's NHS FT, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thivya Sekar
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Corina Moldovan
- Histopathology Department, The Newcastle Upon-Tyne NHS FT, Newcastle, UK
| | - Claire Trayers
- Histopathology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS FT, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victoria Bryant
- Histopathology Department, The Royal London-Barts Health NHS FT, London, UK
| | - Liina Palm
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Marta C Cohen
- Histopathology Department, Sheffield Children's NHS FT, Sheffield, UK
- Corresponding author.
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Epidemiology of Antepartum Stillbirths in Austria-A Population-Based Study between 2008 and 2020. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245828. [PMID: 34945123 PMCID: PMC8709287 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Across Europe, the incidence of antepartum stillbirth varies greatly, partly because of heterogeneous definitions regarding gestational weeks and differences in legislation. With this study, we sought to provide a comprehensive overview on the demographics of antepartum stillbirth in Austria, defined as non-iatrogenic fetal demise ≥22+0 gestational weeks (/40). (2) Methods: We conducted a population-based study on epidemiological characteristics of singleton antepartum stillbirth in Austria between January 2008 and December 2020. Data were derived from the validated Austrian Birth Registry. (3) Results: From January 2008 through December 2020, the antepartum stillbirth rate ≥20+0/40 was 3.10, ≥22+0/40 3.14, and ≥24+0/40 2.83 per 1000 births in Austria. The highest incidence was recorded in the federal states of Vienna, Styria, and Lower and Upper Austria, contributing to 71.9% of all stillbirths in the country. In the last decade, significant fluctuations in incidence were noted: from 2011 to 2012, the rate significantly declined from 3.40 to 3.07‰, whilst it significantly increased from 2.76 to 3.49‰ between 2019 and 2020. The median gestational age of antepartum stillbirth in Austria was 33+0 (27+2–37+4) weeks. Stillbirth rates ≤26/40 ranged from 164.98 to 334.18‰, whilst the lowest rates of 0.58–8.4‰ were observed ≥36/40. The main demographic risk factors were maternal obesity and low parity. (4) Conclusions: In Austria, the antepartum stillbirth rate has remained relatively stable at 2.83–3.10 per 1000 births for the last decade, despite a significant decline in 2012 and an increase in 2020.
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Muin DA, Neururer S, Falcone V, Windsperger K, Helmer H, Leitner H, Kiss H, Farr A. Antepartum stillbirth rates during the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria: A population-based study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 156:459-465. [PMID: 34669186 PMCID: PMC9087755 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has had dramatic effects on the pregnant population worldwide, increasing the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Objective To assess the incidence of antepartum stillbirth (aSB) during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Austria. Methods We collected epidemiological data from the Austrian Birth Registry and compared the rate of aSB (i.e., fetal death at or after 24+0 gestational weeks) during the pandemic period (March–December 2020) and in the respective pre‐pandemic months (2015–2019). Results In total, 65 660 pregnancies were included, of which 171 resulted in aSB at 33.7 ± 4.8 gestational weeks. During the pandemic, the aSB rate increased from 2.49‰ to 2.60‰ (P = 0.601), in contrast to the significant decline in preterm deliveries at or before 37 gestational weeks from 0.61‰ to 0.56‰ (relative risk [RR] 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–0.96; P < 0.001). During the first lockdown, the aSB rate significantly increased from 2.38‰ to 3.52‰ (P = 0.021), yielding an adjusted odds ratio of 1.57 (95% CI 1.08–2.27; P = 0.018). The event of aSB during the COVID‐19 pandemic was strongly related with increased fetal weight and maternal obesity. Conclusion In Austria, there has been an overall increase in the incidence of aSB during the pandemic with a significant peak during the first lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Muin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Neururer
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Tyrolean Federal Institute for Integrated Care, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Veronica Falcone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Windsperger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanns Helmer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Leitner
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Tyrolean Federal Institute for Integrated Care, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Kiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alex Farr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Leal LF, Merckx J, Fell DB, Kuchenbecker R, Miranda AE, de Oliveira WK, Platt RW, Antunes L, Silveira MF, Barbieri NB. Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection and other severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Brazil from January to November 2020. Braz J Infect Dis 2021; 25:101620. [PMID: 34563490 PMCID: PMC8437812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about COVID-19 in pregnancy is limited, and evidence on the impact of the infection during pregnancy and postpartum is still emerging. AIM To analyze maternal morbidity and mortality due to severe acute respiratory infections (SARI), including COVID-19, in Brazil. METHODS National surveillance data from the SIVEP-Gripe (Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe) was used to describe currently and recently pregnant women aged 10-49 years hospitalized for SARI from January through November, 2020. SARI cases were grouped into: COVID-19; influenza or other detected agent SARI; and SARI of unknown etiology. Characteristics, symptoms and outcomes were presented by SARI type and region. Binomial proportion and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for outcomes were obtained using the Clopper-Pearson method. RESULTS Of 945,460 SARI cases in the SIVEP-Gripe, we selected 11,074 women aged 10-49 who were pregnant (7964) or recently pregnant (3110). COVID-19 was confirmed in 49.4% cases; 1.7% had influenza or another etiological agent; and 48.9% had SARI of unknown etiology. The pardo race/ethnic group accounted for 50% of SARI cases. Hypertension/Other cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, and obesity were the most common comorbidities. A total of 362 women with COVID-19 (6.6%; 95%CI 6.0-7.3) died. Mortality was 4.7% (2.2-8.8) among influenza patients, and 3.3% (2.9-3.8) among those with SARI of unknown etiology. The South-East, Northeast and North regions recorded the highest frequencies of mortality among COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION Mortality among pregnant and recently pregnant women with SARIs was elevated among those with COVID-19, particularly in regions where maternal mortality is already high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane F Leal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Joanna Merckx
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Deshayne B Fell
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ricardo Kuchenbecker
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelica E Miranda
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Wanderson K de Oliveira
- Ministry of Defense, Armed Forces Hospital, Technical Directorate of Education and Research, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Robert William Platt
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lívia Antunes
- Instituto Brasileiro de Desenvolvimento e Sustentabilidade (IABS), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Mariângela F Silveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Donders GGG, Grinceviciene S, Haldre K, Lonnee-Hoffmann R, Donders F, Tsiakalos A, Adriaanse A, Martinez de Oliveira J, Ault K, Mendling W. ISIDOG Consensus Guidelines on COVID-19 Vaccination for Women before, during and after Pregnancy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132902. [PMID: 34209801 PMCID: PMC8268868 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Sars-CoV-2 infection poses particular problems in pregnancy, as the infection more frequently causes severe complications than in unaffected pregnant women or nonpregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Now that vaccination is available and rapidly being implemented worldwide, the question arises whether pregnant women should be vaccinated, and if so, whether they should receive priority. Methods. Available scientific data and available guidelines about vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 were collected by the Guideline Committee of the International Society of Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISIDOG) and were analyzed, discussed and summarized as guidelines for healthcare workers caring for pregnant women. Concluding statements were graded according to the Oxford evidence-based medicine grading system. Results. There is evidence to consider pregnancy as a risk factor for serious complications of COVID-19 infection, even in the absence of additional risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity which increase these risks even more in pregnancy. Currently available data slightly favor mRNA-based vaccines above vector-based vaccines during pregnancy and breastfeeding, until more safety data become available. Conclusion. ISIDOG advises policy makers and societies to prioritize pregnant women to receive vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and favor the mRNA vaccines until further safety information becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert G. G. Donders
- Femicare VZW Clinical Research for Women, 3300 Tienen, Belgium;
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- President International Society Infectious Diseases (ISIDOG), 3300 Tienen, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-80-81-02
| | - Svitrigaile Grinceviciene
- Department Biothemodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology and Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Kai Haldre
- East Tallin Central Hospital Women’s Clinic, 10138 Tallin, Estonia;
| | | | | | - Aristotelis Tsiakalos
- LETO-Obstetrician Gynecological & Surgical Center, Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, 11525 Athens, Greece;
| | - Albert Adriaanse
- Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1814 Alkmaar, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Kevin Ault
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Werner Mendling
- German Center for Infections in Obstetrics and Gynceology, Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, 42283 Wupperthal, Germany;
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