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Yamaji T, Yusoff FM, Kishimoto S, Kajikawa M, Yoshimura K, Nakano Y, Goto C, Harada T, Mizobuchi A, Tanigawa S, Maruhashi T, Higashi Y. Association of cumulative low-density lipoprotein cholesterol exposure with vascular function. J Clin Lipidol 2024; 18:e238-e250. [PMID: 38185588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between cumulative low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) exposure and progression of atherosclerosis remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cumulative LDL-C level and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID) and the presence of plaque in the common carotid artery (CCA). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. We measured FMD in 8208 subjects, NID in 1822 subjects, and CCA plaque in 591 subjects who were not taking lipid-lowering drugs. The subjects were divided into four groups based on cumulative LDL-C exposure: <4000 mg·year/dL, 4000-4999 mg·year/dL, 5000-5999 mg·year/dL, and ≥6000 mg·year/dL. RESULTS The odds ratio of the lower quartile of FMD in the cholesterol-year-score <4000 mg·year/dL group was significantly higher than the odds ratios in the other groups. The odds ratio of the lower quartile of NID in the <4000 mg·year/dL group was significantly higher than the odds ratios in the 5000-5999 mg·year/dL and ≥6000 mg·year/dL groups. The odds ratio of the prevalence of CCA plaque in the <4000 mg·year/dL group was significantly higher than that in the ≥6000 mg·year/dL group. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial dysfunction occurred from cumulative LDL-C exposure of 4000 mg·year/dL, vascular smooth muscle dysfunction occurred from cumulative LDL-C exposure of 5000 mg·year/dL, and prevalence of CCA plaque occurred from cumulative LDL-C exposure of 6000 mg·year/dL. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY INFORMATION: http://www.umin.ac.jp (UMIN000012950, UMIN000012951, and UMIN000012952, UMIN000003409).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamaji
- Center for Radiation Disaster Medical Science, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Yamaji and Higashi); Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Yamaji, Yusoff, Kishimoto, Harada, Mizobuchi, Tanigawa, Maruhashi, and Higashi)
| | - Farina Mohamad Yusoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Yamaji, Yusoff, Kishimoto, Harada, Mizobuchi, Tanigawa, Maruhashi, and Higashi)
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Yamaji, Yusoff, Kishimoto, Harada, Mizobuchi, Tanigawa, Maruhashi, and Higashi)
| | - Masato Kajikawa
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Kajikawa, Yoshimura, and Higashi)
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Kajikawa, Yoshimura, and Higashi)
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr Nakano)
| | - Chikara Goto
- Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr Goto)
| | - Takahiro Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Yamaji, Yusoff, Kishimoto, Harada, Mizobuchi, Tanigawa, Maruhashi, and Higashi)
| | - Aya Mizobuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Yamaji, Yusoff, Kishimoto, Harada, Mizobuchi, Tanigawa, Maruhashi, and Higashi)
| | - Shunsuke Tanigawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Yamaji, Yusoff, Kishimoto, Harada, Mizobuchi, Tanigawa, Maruhashi, and Higashi)
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Yamaji, Yusoff, Kishimoto, Harada, Mizobuchi, Tanigawa, Maruhashi, and Higashi)
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Center for Radiation Disaster Medical Science, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Yamaji and Higashi); Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Yamaji, Yusoff, Kishimoto, Harada, Mizobuchi, Tanigawa, Maruhashi, and Higashi); Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (Drs Kajikawa, Yoshimura, and Higashi).
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Ong JYY, Pathak K, Zhao Y, Calton E, Reid CM, Soares MJ. Higher fasting fibroblast growth factor 21 was associated with a greater decline in postprandial blood pressure. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102720. [PMID: 36724701 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A fall in blood pressure (BP) following a meal is well known and is usually a transient phenomenon, due to appropriate cardiovascular adjustments. Older individuals and those with high BP experience a greater postprandial fall that can manifest as postprandial hypotension (PPH). Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is positively associated with BP, and is known to increase after meal ingestion. We explored whether fasting FGF21 or its postprandial change would be associated with meal induced BP change, after accounting for several covariates. METHODS Eighty-three Western Australian adults were studied. Supine resting BP was recorded and an oral glucose test was administered. Serial measurements of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were then made in duplicate every 30 min up to 120 min. Fasting and 120 min blood samples were analysed for FGF21 and clinical chemistry. Multiple linear regression analyses of the incremental area under curve of postprandial SBP and DBP was conducted on 12 known determinants. RESULTS The final parsimonious model based on backward regression of postprandial SBP included fasting SBP, gender, fasting insulin and fasting FGF21 (β = -0.009 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.017, -0.002, P = 0.015)). For postprandial DBP these included fasting DBP, gender, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and fasting FGF21 (β = -0.005; 95% CI: 0.010, -0.001, P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS A higher fasting FGF21, independent of glucose and insulin, was associated with a greater postprandial decline in SBP and in DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaveri Pathak
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yun Zhao
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Calton
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mario J Soares
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Age-Related Sex Differences in Glucose Tolerance by 75 g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Japanese. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224868. [PMID: 36432554 PMCID: PMC9698682 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the age-related sex difference in glucose tolerance, we conducted 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests in 1156 participants. Participants were divided into four groups, namely, young (22−29) males, young females, middle-aged (>50) males, and middle-aged females. According to the Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes 2019, the prevalence of normal glucose tolerance (NGT) was significantly lower in middle-aged than in young participants. The prevalence of high-normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was higher, and NGT was lower in young males (high-normal FPG 15.2%, NGT 82.0%) than young females (high-FPG 3.9%, NGT 94.3%). Combined glucose intolerance (CGI) was higher and NGT was lower in middle-aged males (CGI 10.2%, NGT 25.2%) than in middle-aged females (CGI 3.3%, NGT 39.8%). FPG and body mass index (BMI) were the lowest and Homeostatic model assessment beta cell function (HOMA-β) was the highest in young females, followed by young males, middle-aged females, and middle-aged males. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that BMI weakly correlated with HOMA-β and Matsuda index in all subjects except young females. The superior glucose tolerance in females was apparent in young, but attenuated in middle-aged females. The differences are due to the higher insulin secretion potential and lower BMI in young females.
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Yamaji T, Harada T, Hashimoto Y, Nakano Y, Kajikawa M, Yoshimura K, Goto C, Mizobuchi A, Tanigawa S, Yusoff FM, Kishimoto S, Maruhashi T, Nakashima A, Higashi Y. Relationship of Daily Coffee Intake with Vascular Function in Patients with Hypertension. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132719. [PMID: 35807898 PMCID: PMC9268420 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the relationship of daily coffee intake with endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation and vascular smooth muscle function assessed by nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation in patients with hypertension. A total of 462 patients with hypertension were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. First, we divided the subjects into two groups based on information on daily coffee intake: no coffee group and coffee group. The median coffee intake was two cups per day in the coffee group. There were significant differences in both flow-mediated vasodilation (2.6 ± 2.8% in the no coffee group vs. 3.3 ± 2.9% in the coffee group, p = 0.04) and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (9.6 ± 5.5% in the no coffee group vs. 11.3 ± 5.4% in the coffee group, p = 0.02) between the two groups. After adjustment for confounding factors, the odds ratio for endothelial dysfunction (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32–0.95) and the odds ratio for vascular smooth muscle dysfunction (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28–0.89) were significantly lower in the coffee group than in the no coffee group. Next, we assessed the relationship of the amount of daily coffee intake with vascular function. Cubic spline curves revealed that patients with hypertension who drank half a cup to 2.5 cups of coffee per day had lower odds ratios for endothelial dysfunction assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction assessed by nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation. Appropriate daily coffee intake might have beneficial effects on endothelial function and vascular smooth muscle function in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamaji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.)
| | - Takahiro Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yu Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.)
| | - Masato Kajikawa
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (M.K.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (M.K.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Chikara Goto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of General Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima 739-2695, Japan;
| | - Aya Mizobuchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (A.M.); (S.T.); (F.M.Y.); (S.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Shunsuke Tanigawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (A.M.); (S.T.); (F.M.Y.); (S.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Farina Mohamad Yusoff
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (A.M.); (S.T.); (F.M.Y.); (S.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (A.M.); (S.T.); (F.M.Y.); (S.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (A.M.); (S.T.); (F.M.Y.); (S.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan;
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (M.K.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (A.M.); (S.T.); (F.M.Y.); (S.K.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-82-257-5831
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Self-reported total sitting time on a non-working day is associated with blunted flow-mediated vasodilation and blunted nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6366. [PMID: 35430619 PMCID: PMC9012897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We divided the 466 subjects into two groups based on information on sitting time on a non-working day and evaluated flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID). FMD was smaller in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of ≥6 h/day than in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of <6 h/day (2.5 ± 2.6% vs. 3.7 ± 2.9%; p < 0.001). NID was smaller in subjects with sitting time at non-working day of ≥ 8 h/day than in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of < 8 h/day (10.1 ± 5.6% vs. 11.5 ± 5.0%; p = 0.01). After adjustment for confounding factors for vascular function, the odds of having the lowest tertile of FMD was significantly higher in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of ≥6 h/day than in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of <6 h/day. The odds of having the lowest tertile of NID was significant higher in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of ≥ 8 h/day than in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of < 8 h/day. These findings suggest that prolonged sitting time on a non-working day is associated with blunted FMD and blunted NID.
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Vuorio A, Strandberg TE, Raal F, Santos RD, Kovanen PT. Familial hypercholesterolemia and COVID-19: A menacing but treatable vasculopathic condition. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2021; 43:3-6. [PMID: 34622243 PMCID: PMC8349422 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection continues to cause increased morbidity and mortality, and due to the slow pace of vaccination COVID-19 will probably remain a global burden to health systems for a long time. Unfortunately, the necessary prevention and treatment strategies of COVID-19 have led to restriction measures that are hampering the routine care of common chronic metabolic conditions like hypercholesterolemia. It is of particular concern that during the acute phase of COVID-19, the control of pre-existing metabolic diseases tends to get worse which again increases the risk for complications and a poor outcome in these patients. A significant contributor to these complications is endothelial dysfunction which is associated with COVID-19. This Commentary will discuss the impact of COVID-19 on endothelial function particularly in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a metabolic inherited disease known to in itself adversely affect endothelial function. There should be no hesitation to continue with statin therapy in severe hypercholesterolemic patients with COVID-19. We argue that in FH patients with COVID-19 the clinicians need even consider intensifying statin therapy as well as the addition of other lipid-lowering agents, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9) inhibitors. In contrast to statins, the PCSK9 inhibitors lower lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] level, and, accordingly, these latter drugs need to be considered particularly in FH patients with an elevated level of Lp(a). This call applies to the in-hospital stay and also beyond. When considering that the vasculopathic effects of COVID-19 may persist, a long-term follow-up of individualized therapies in FH patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpo Vuorio
- Mehiläinen, Airport Health Center, Vantaa, Finland,University of Helsinki, Department of Forensic Medicine, Helsinki, Finland,Corresponding author. University of Helsinki, Department of Forensic Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Timo E. Strandberg
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,University of Oulu, Center for Life Course Health Research, Oulu, Finland
| | - Frederik Raal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Raul D. Santos
- Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo, Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil,Academic Research Organization, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Soares RN, Reimer RA, Doyle-Baker PK, Murias JM. Mild obesity does not affect the forearm muscle microvascular responses to hyperglycemia. Microcirculation 2020; 28:e12669. [PMID: 33150675 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mild obesity has been associated with postprandial brachial artery vascular dysfunction. However, direct assessment of these effects within the forearm skeletal muscle microcirculation remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of mild obesity on the arm micro- and macrovascular responses to glucose ingestion. METHODS This cross-sectional study combined NIRS assessments of forearm skeletal muscle (FDS) reactivity (reperfusion slope) with %FMD of conduit artery function (brachial artery) before (Pre), as well as 60 and 120 min after glucose ingestion in 10 lean (BMI 23.9 ± 1.8) and 10 obese (BMI 32.9 ± 1.9) individuals. RESULTS Both groups showed a significant increase in the reperfusion slope at 60 and 120 min after glucose ingestion compared with the pre-glucose ingestion measurements. Obese individuals showed a significant (p < .05) reduction in %FMD at 60 min after glucose ingestion, while no significant changes in postprandial %FMD were observed in lean participants. CONCLUSION Even though obese individuals showed impaired postprandial brachial artery function, the current findings suggest that mild obesity does not affect the forearm skeletal muscle responses to glucose ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Patricia K Doyle-Baker
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Juan M Murias
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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