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Ganie MA, Bashir R, Sehar T, Asrar M, Khan S, Baba S, Tandon N, Dhadwal V, Jyotsna V, Dwivedi SN. Impact of Prevalent Dietary Pattern on Serum Vitamin B12 Status and Its Association With Inflammation Among Reproductive Age Women. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300315. [PMID: 38766917 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Association between vitamin B12 deficiency (VB12D) and dietary patterns being well documented has bearing on obstetrics and neonatal outcomes. However, relationship between VB12D and serum inflammatory markers (IMs), particularly in vegetarian diet and Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), remains elusive. This cross-sectional study assesses VB12D and IMs among reproductive age women consuming different diets. METHODS AND RESULTS Nonvegetarian (PCOS, n = 104; healthy, n = 148) and vegetarian women (PCOS n = 112; healthy, n = 186) are for evaluated clinical, biochemical, hormonal assessment, inflammatory, and four vitamin B 12 (VB12) markers. VB12D is defined by Fedosov's wellness quotient (4cB12). Using 4cB12, prevalence of VB12D is discerned in 54.4% (PCOS: 72.1%; healthy 36.5%) and 93.4% (PCOS: 95.9%; healthy: 91.9%) among nonvegetarians and vegetarians, respectively. Vegetarian PCOS women depict lowest median (interquartile range [IQR]) of serum B12 76.2(72.6) pg mL-1, holotranscobalamine (HTC) 37.9(11.3) and highest homocysteine (HCY) 40.32(6.0) µmol L-1, methylmalonic acid (MMA) 352.26(156.7) nmol L-1 with highest Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and IMs (Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6)). Significant correlation of serum hs-CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 with VB12 markers is observed. CONCLUSION The VB12D is rampant among reproductive age women that gets exacerbated by PCOS or vegetarian diet. It is directly correlated with magnitude of proinflammatory markers. The results carry substantial implications for public health policies aimed at improving preconception maternal VB12 status for better future pregnancy and offspring outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohina Bashir
- Departments of Endocrinology, Srinagar, India
- Clinical Research, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Tajali Sehar
- Departments of Endocrinology, Srinagar, India
- Clinical Research, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Mir Asrar
- Clinical Research, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Shahid Khan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saleem Baba
- Departments of Endocrinology, Srinagar, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vatsla Dhadwal
- Department of Obstetricians and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivekap Jyotsna
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sada Nand Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Givens DI, Anitha S, Giromini C. Anaemia in India and Its Prevalence and Multifactorial Aetiology: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1673. [PMID: 38892606 PMCID: PMC11174870 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of anaemia in India remains high in children, especially those in rural areas, and in women of childbearing age, and its impairment of neurological development can have serious lifelong effects. It is concerning that the most recent official data (2019-21) indicate an increased prevalence compared with 2015-16. There is also considerable variability in childhood anaemia between Indian states with socioeconomic factors, such as wealth and education contributing to the risk of anaemia among adolescent women and their children. Dietary iron deficiency is often regarded as the main contributor to anaemia but increasing evidence accumulated from the authors' ongoing literature database coupled with recent literature research suggests that it has a multifactorial aetiology, some of which is not related to nutrition. This narrative review focused on these multifactorial issues, notably the contribution of vitamin B12/folate deficiency, which also has a high prevalence in India. It was also noted that the dietary intake of bioavailable iron remains an important contributor for reducing anaemia, and the role of millets as an improved iron source compared to traditional staple cereals is briefly discussed. The overall conclusion is that anaemia has a multifactorial aetiology requiring multifactorial assessment that must include assessment of vitamin B12 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Ian Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 5EU, UK
| | - Seetha Anitha
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Lilongwe, Area 15, Lilongwe P.O. Box 1614, Malawi;
| | - Carlotta Giromini
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 5EU, UK
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
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Gharibzahedi SMT, Moghadam M, Amft J, Tolun A, Hasabnis G, Altintas Z. Recent Advances in Dietary Sources, Health Benefits, Emerging Encapsulation Methods, Food Fortification, and New Sensor-Based Monitoring of Vitamin B 12: A Critical Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7469. [PMID: 38005191 PMCID: PMC10673454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this overview, the latest achievements in dietary origins, absorption mechanism, bioavailability assay, health advantages, cutting-edge encapsulation techniques, fortification approaches, and innovative highly sensitive sensor-based detection methods of vitamin B12 (VB12) were addressed. The cobalt-centered vitamin B is mainly found in animal products, posing challenges for strict vegetarians and vegans. Its bioavailability is highly influenced by intrinsic factor, absorption in the ileum, and liver reabsorption. VB12 mainly contributes to blood cell synthesis, cognitive function, and cardiovascular health, and potentially reduces anemia and optic neuropathy. Microencapsulation techniques improve the stability and controlled release of VB12. Co-microencapsulation of VB12 with other vitamins and bioactive compounds enhances bioavailability and controlled release, providing versatile initiatives for improving bio-functionality. Nanotechnology, including nanovesicles, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles can enhance the delivery, stability, and bioavailability of VB12 in diverse applications, ranging from antimicrobial agents to skincare and oral insulin delivery. Staple food fortification with encapsulated and free VB12 emerges as a prominent strategy to combat deficiency and promote nutritional value. Biosensing technologies, such as electrochemical and optical biosensors, offer rapid, portable, and sensitive VB12 assessment. Carbon dot-based fluorescent nanosensors, nanocluster-based fluorescent probes, and electrochemical sensors show promise for precise detection, especially in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Moghadam
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas Amft
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Aysu Tolun
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gauri Hasabnis
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science-KiNSIS, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Kumar R, Singh U, Tiwari A, Tiwari P, Sahu JK, Sharma S. Vitamin B12: Strategies for enhanced production, fortified functional food products and health benefits. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Antony AC, Vora RM, Karmarkar SJ. The silent tragic reality of Hidden Hunger, anaemia, and neural-tube defects (NTDs) in India. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2022; 6:100071. [PMID: 37383344 PMCID: PMC10305893 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Hidden Hunger arising from nutritional iron-, folate-, and vitamin-B12-deficiencies is exceedingly common in India and has profound negative impacts on anaemia, on pregnancy, and on embryonic-foetal neurodevelopment in utero, which predisposes to NTDs and psychological-psychiatric manifestations in childhood. Whereas younger-to-middle-aged Indians fail to perform at maximum potential, the elderly are at risk for calamitous neurologic events. However, these micronutrient-deficiencies are eminently correctable through food-fortification. Therefore, the Indian Government can no longer afford the luxury of inaction by either denying or downplaying the gravity of this problem. What is critically needed from India's leaders is an urgent, clear-eyed reappraisal and act of anagnorisis-(an often startling self-recognition and discovery of a profoundly serious error and tragic flaw)-in failing to confront this problem for decades. Only when closely followed by a metanoia-(a transformative change of heart that triggers remedial action)-can they help India avoid a catastrophic tryst with destiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aśok C. Antony
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ravindra M. Vora
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Paediatric Surgery Centre & Post-Graduate Institute, Implementing The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery in India, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Santosh J. Karmarkar
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Fathima E, Nallamuthu I, Anand T, Naika M, Khanum F. Enhanced cellular uptake, transport and oral bioavailability of optimized folic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:596-610. [PMID: 35292282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid is a synthetic form of folate widely used for food fortification. However, its bioavailability is limited due to its inherent instability at several conditions. Therefore, a suitable encapsulation system is highly required. In the present study, the fabrication condition for folic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticle (FA-Chi-NP) was optimized and then subjected to characterization. The optimized formulation had the particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency of 180 nm, +52 mV, and 90%, respectively. In vitro release profile showed a controlled release of folic acid from the nanoparticles. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with the formulation showed no adverse effects based on MTT and LDH assays, and also, the cellular uptake was significantly higher after 2 h compared to free folic acid. Further, the oral administration of rats with FA-Chi-NPs (1 mg/kg BW) increased the plasma level of both folic acid (3.2-fold) and its metabolites such as tetrahydrofolate (2.3-fold) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (1.6-fold) significantly compared to free folic acid. In a bio-distribution study, duodenum and jejunum were found to be the primary sites for absorption. These findings suggest that chitosan may be a promising carrier for the delivery of folic acid and, therefore, could be exploited for various food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eram Fathima
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO-DFRL), Mysore 570011, India
| | - Ilaiyaraja Nallamuthu
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO-DFRL), Mysore 570011, India
| | - T Anand
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO-DFRL), Mysore 570011, India.
| | - Mahadeva Naika
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO-DFRL), Mysore 570011, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO-DFRL), Mysore 570011, India
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Vora R, Antony A. The unresolved tragedy of neural-tube defects in India: The case for folate- and vitamin-B12-Fortified Tea for Prevention. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2022; 27:1-8. [PMID: 35261507 PMCID: PMC8853602 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_211_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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Ashok T, Puttam H, Tarnate VCA, Jhaveri S, Avanthika C, Trejo Treviño AG, Sl S, Ahmed NT. Role of Vitamin B12 and Folate in Metabolic Syndrome. Cureus 2021; 13:e18521. [PMID: 34754676 PMCID: PMC8569690 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of pathological metabolic conditions that includes insulin resistance, central or abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. It affects large populations worldwide, and its prevalence is rising exponentially. There is no specific mechanism that leads to the development of MS. Proposed hypotheses range from visceral adiposity being a key factor to an increase in very-low-density lipoprotein and fatty acid synthesis as the primary cause of MS. Numerous pharmaceutical therapies are widely available in the market for the treatment of the individual components of MS. The relationship between MS and vitamin B complex supplementation, specifically folic acid and vitamin B12, has been a subject of investigation worldwide, with several trials reporting a positive impact with vitamin supplementation on MS. In this study, an all-language literature search was conducted on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar till September 2021. The following search strings and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were used: “Vitamin B12,” “Folate,” “Metabolic Syndrome,” and “Insulin Resistance.” We explored the literature on MS for its epidemiology, pathophysiology, newer treatment options, with a special focus on the effectiveness of supplementation with vitamins B9 and B12. According to the literature, vitamin B12 and folate supplementation, along with a host of novel therapies, has a considerable positive impact on MS. These findings must be kept in mind while designing newer treatment protocols in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Ashok
- Internal Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Mysore, IND
| | - Harivarsha Puttam
- Internal Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
| | | | - Sharan Jhaveri
- Internal Medicine, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Chaithanya Avanthika
- Medicine and Surgery, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, IND.,Pediatrics, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, IND
| | | | - Sandeep Sl
- Internal Medicine, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Kattankulathur, IND
| | - Nazia T Ahmed
- Medicine, Shahabuddin Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
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