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Kunno J, Pimviriyakul P, Luangwilai T, Sematong S, Supawattanabodee B, Kuratong S, Robson MG. Effect of children secondhand smoke exposure associated with GABA concentration: Influence from parents who are extremely heavy smokers in urban households. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170720. [PMID: 38325467 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke (SHS) poses the most considerable health risk to children in urban households. However, limited evidence exists regarding the impact of children exposure to SHS on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels. This study aimed to investigate the level of cotinine and GABA and their association with variables related to children exposed to SHS. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted to assess urinary cotinine and GABA levels in respondents. The study involved 85 participants aged 2-4 years who resided with parents exhibiting heavy smoking habits in urban households in Bangkok, Thailand. Urinary cotinine and GABA concentrations were utilized as biomarkers and measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. An independent t-test was employed to compare contributing factors with urinary cotinine metabolites. Spearman's correlation test was utilized to assess the relationship between cotinine metabolites and GABA concentration. RESULTS The study found a correlation between urinary cotinine metabolites and GABA concentration among children's (r = 0.260, p-value = 0.016), particularly influenced by parents exhibiting extreme heavy smoking in urban households. Male children exhibited significantly higher urinary cotinine metabolite concentrations than females (p-value = 0.040). Moreover, significantly elevated levels of cotinine metabolites (57.37 ± 10.27 ng/ml) were observed in households where parents engaged in extreme heavy smoking. CONCLUSIONS This research establishes a link between urinary cotinine metabolite levels and GABA concentration among children exposed to extreme heavy smoking by their parents in urban households. Consequently, smoking might impact neurobehavioral effects, potentially leading to insomnia. The study emphasizes the importance of promoting and safeguarding non-smokers from exposure to SHS in indoor workplaces, public spaces, and households, advocating for the implementation of smoke-free public health regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadsada Kunno
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Panu Pimviriyakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Titaporn Luangwilai
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Saowanee Sematong
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Busaba Supawattanabodee
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Sathit Kuratong
- Department Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Mark Gregory Robson
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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van der Eijk Y, Woh J. Is secondhand smoke associated with mental health issues? A narrative review of the evidence and policy implications. Health Policy 2023; 136:104900. [PMID: 37651970 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a well-established cause of lung cancer, respiratory disease, heart disease and developmental issues in children, with an overwhelming evidence base spanning over four decades. In this narrative review, we describe studies which have also linked self-reported or cotinine-assessed SHS exposure in the home, workplace and other settings to mental health disorders including depression, suicide, anxiety, and psychological distress in children and adults, sleeping disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and behavioural issues in children, and dementia in older adults. In general, evidence indicates that SHS exposure is associated with these disorders in a dose-response manner, with higher odds reported in people who are exposed to SHS at high levels, frequently, and in the home environment. Most studies so far are cross-sectional albeit in large, nationally representative samples from various countries with a smaller number of longitudinal studies. More research is needed in this area to determine whether SHS is a direct cause of adverse mental health outcomes, and whether creating smokefree environments leads to improved mental wellbeing. In particular, more research is needed on the impact of smokefree home environments, an area which has received relatively little focus in smokefree interventions which generally target public places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette van der Eijk
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, MD1 Tahir Foundation Building, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2 #09-01C, 117549, Singapore.
| | - Joanne Woh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, MD1 Tahir Foundation Building, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2 #09-01C, 117549, Singapore
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Farrell KR, Weitzman M, Karey E, Lai TKY, Gordon T, Xu S. Passive exposure to e-cigarette emissions is associated with worsened mental health. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1138. [PMID: 35672813 PMCID: PMC9172130 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking, secondhand cigarette smoke (SHS) exposure, and e-cigarette use ("vaping") are each associated with increased rates of depressive symptoms and other internalizing mental health disorders. The prevalence of vaping has increased greatly, yet the mental health correlates of secondhand exposure to e-cigarette emissions are as yet to be investigated. This study examined the potential adverse mental health outcomes associated with different tobacco exposures (direct and passive), with a particular focus on the mental health correlates of secondhand exposure to e-cigarette emissions. METHODS The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study data collected from a sample of 16,173 Wave 4 adults were used to test the hypothesis that secondhand e-cigarette emissions exposure is associated with increased odds of internalizing mental health disorders. Individuals were categorized as exclusive cigarette smokers, exclusive e-cigarette users, cigarette and e-cigarette dual users, exclusive noncombustible tobacco users, secondhand smoke exposed non-users, secondhand e-cigarette emissions exposed non-users, and non-users with no current SHS/secondhand e-cigarette aerosol exposure. Adjusted weighted logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between exposure type and internalizing problems as assessed by scores on the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Short Screener (GAIN-SS), a widely used instrument for assessing mental health problems. RESULTS Cigarette smokers (AOR = 2.53, 95% CI: 2.19-2.92), e-cigarette users (AOR = 3.14, 2.41-4.09), dual users (AOR = 3.37, 2.85-4.00), noncombustible tobacco users (AOR = 1.48, 1.01-2.17), SHS exposed non-users (AOR = 1.63, 1.37-1.94), and secondhand e-cigarette emissions exposed non-users (AOR = 1.43, 1.03-1.99) were each associated with increased odds of moderate to severe internalizing mental health problems as compared to unexposed non-users. Odds of internalizing problems among SHS and secondhand e-cigarette emissions exposed non-users did not differ (p = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study, to our knowledge, to identify an association between recent secondhand exposure to e-cigarette emissions and mental health problems, and the risk is comparable to that of SHS. Corroboration of this relationship needs further research to explicate directionality and mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Rae Farrell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Michael Weitzman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010 USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY 10003 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Emma Karey
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Teresa K. Y. Lai
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010 USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, New York University School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, 7th floor - Rm 761, New York, NY 10003 USA
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Li Z, Sun J, Zhang D. Association between Acrylamide Hemoglobin Adduct Levels and Depressive Symptoms in US Adults: NHANES 2013-2016. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13762-13771. [PMID: 34751566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) is widely present in heat-processed carbohydrate-rich food, cigarette smoke, and the environment. Prolonged exposure to AA may cause central nervous system damage. However, few epidemiologic studies assessed the association between hemoglobin adduct levels of AA or its metabolite glycidamide (GA) and depressive symptoms. We included 3595 US adults (≥18 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2016. Data for hemoglobin adduct levels from AA and GA (HbAA and HbGA) were used as a measure of internal dose. Depressive symptom data were from mental health questionnaires and measured by nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores. Results of logistic regression models showed a positive association between HbAA in quartile 4 and depressive symptoms with ORs and 95% CI of 2.47 (1.29, 4.77) [ORcontinuous HbAA and 95% CI: 1.006 (1.000, 1.013)], but an inverse association was detected in quartiles 2 and 3 of HbGA/HbAA [0.62 (0.38, 0.99) and 0.54 (0.32, 0.92), respectively]. Especially, an association between HbAA and depressive symptoms was strengthened in smokers, in age 18-39 and 40-59 years and BMI 25-30 kg/m2 groups. Further explorations are needed to study the found associations between HbAA, HbGA, and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Erdsiek F, Brzoska P. Is exposure to secondhand smoke associated with current depression (PHQ-8) among never-smokers? Results from a survey among German adults. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1880. [PMID: 33287771 PMCID: PMC7720608 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Findings on the association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and depression are contradictory. Comparability of existing research is limited due to varied methods and measures. This study examines the potential association between exposure to SHS and depression and a potential moderation by sex using representative data from Germany. Methods For our study, we used data from the German Health Update (GEDA) 2014/2015 on n = 10,274 never-smokers. We calculated a logistic regression model with an interaction term for potential sex-exposure interactions. We used the self-reported duration of exposure to predict current depression of any type as defined by the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-8 (score ≥ 10), accounting for a large number of confounders. Results In our sample, prevalence of depression was 8.8% in women and 5.3% in men. 90.4% were never or almost never exposed to SHS, while 7.1% were exposed < 1 h per day and around 2.5% reported being exposed for ≥1 h per day. While SHS exposure for < 1 h per day was not associated with current depression (OR = 1.54; 95%-CI: 0.93–1.61), SHS exposure for at least 1 h per day was associated with increased odds for current depression (OR = 1.59; 95%-CI: 1.08–2.35). No sex-specific differences were found. Conclusions Higher levels of SHS exposure are associated with current depression, although the nature and direction of the association are still unclear. We identified no differences in the association between men and women. More studies, particularly using longitudinal data, are needed to determine the nature of the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Erdsiek
- Universität Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Strasse 50, 58448, Witten, Germany.
| | - Patrick Brzoska
- Universität Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Strasse 50, 58448, Witten, Germany
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Dickerson AS, Wu AC, Liew Z, Weisskopf M. A Scoping Review of Non-Occupational Exposures to Environmental Pollutants and Adult Depression, Anxiety, and Suicide. Curr Environ Health Rep 2020; 7:256-271. [PMID: 32533365 PMCID: PMC7483936 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite a call for better understanding of the role of environmental pollutant influences on mental health and the tremendous public health burden of mental health, this issue receives far less attention than many other effects of pollutants. Here we summarize the body of literature on non-occupational environmental pollutant exposures and adult depression, anxiety, and suicide-in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsychINFO through the end of year 2018. RECENT FINDINGS One hundred twelve articles met our criteria for further review. Of these, we found 88 articles on depression, 33 on anxiety, and 22 on suicide (31 articles covered multiple outcomes). The earliest article was published in 1976, and the most frequent exposure of interest was air pollution (n = 33), followed by secondhand smoke (n = 20), metals (n = 18), noise (n = 17), and pesticides (n = 10). Other exposures studied less frequently included radiation, magnetic fields, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), volatile organic compounds, solvents, and reactive sulfur compounds. The current literature, although limited, clearly suggests many kinds of environmental exposures may be risk factors for depression, anxiety, and suicide. For several pollutants, important limitations exist with many of the studies. Gaps in the body of research include a need for more longitudinal, life-course studies, studies that can measure cumulative exposures as well as shorter-term exposures, studies that reduce the possibility of reverse causation, and mechanistic studies focused on neurotoxic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha S Dickerson
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander C Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Perinatal Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Marc Weisskopf
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Suite 1402, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Guo J, Zhu Y, Fang L, Li M, Fu M, Liu C, Wu Y, Liu C. Husband’s smoking behaviors associated with women’s depression in China: the importance of a smoke-free household. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2019.1675784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yingxue Zhu
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Liming Fang
- School of Insurance and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Mingqi Fu
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Erdsiek F, Brzoska P. Association between second-hand smoke exposure and depression and its moderation by sex: Findings from a nation-wide population survey in Germany. J Affect Disord 2019; 253:102-106. [PMID: 31029855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings on the association between exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and depression are ambiguous. Similarly, results concerning sex-specific associations are contradictory. Using large and representative survey data from Germany, we examined whether SHS exposure is associated with depressive symptoms/major depression (MDD) and whether this association differs by sex. METHODS We pooled data from three waves of the German Health Update telephone surveys from 2009-2012 on 28,670 never-smokers. Information on SHS exposure was based on self-reports. The outcome was a reported diagnosis of a depressive episode/MDD in the last 12 months before the survey. Logistic regression with a sex-by-SHS interaction term adjusted for socioeconomic and health-related confounders was conducted. Interaction effects were evaluated based on average marginal effects (AME). RESULTS No significant association between SHS exposure and depressive episodes/MDD could be observed (adjusted OR=1.01; 95%-CI=0.86, 1.15). Male never-smokers exposed to SHS were at a significantly lower likelihood of depression than unexposed men (AME= -0.009; 95%-CI= -0.018, -0.0001). No significant differences were observed for women (AME= 0.007; 95%-CI= -0.003, 0.017). LIMITATIONS The association between SHS exposure and depression is prone to residual confounding. Furthermore, all information were cross-sectional and based on self-report. CONCLUSIONS No association between SHS exposure and depression was observed in the combined sample. Among men, the association was counterintuitive. Never-smokers exposed to SHS are presumably more frequently involved in social interactions than those not exposed which may be protective for the development of depressive symptoms. Additional research accounting for residual confounding is necessary to allow further insights into the relationship between SHS exposure and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Erdsiek
- Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Health Services Research, Alfred-Herrhausen-Strasse 50, 58448 Witten, Germany.
| | - Patrick Brzoska
- Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Health Services Research, Alfred-Herrhausen-Strasse 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
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Sun GZ, Ye N, Wu SJ, Zhou Y, Sun YX. 10-year ASCVD risk is positively correlated with depressive symptoms in a large general population. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:125. [PMID: 31027490 PMCID: PMC6486683 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the potential correlation between 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and depressive symptoms in a general population. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 11,956 permanent residents of Liaoning Province in China ≥35 years of age was conducted. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) while 10-year ASCVD risk was calculated using the tool suitable for China. RESULTS Males had significantly higher 10-year ASCVD risk than females (14.2 ± 10.7% vs. 9.3 ± 9.1%; P < 0.001) but lower PHQ-9 score (2.34 ± 3.13 vs. 3.63 ± 4.02; P < 0.001). The mean PHQ-9 score increased significantly with advancing 10-year ASCVD risk category in both males (from 2.03 to 2.61; P for trend < 0.001) and females (from 3.04 to 4.61; P for trend < 0.001), and the increasing trend was more apparent in females (P < 0.001). Pearson correlation analyses showed that 10-year ASCVD risk positively correlated with PHQ-9 score in both sexes (Ps < 0.001). In multivariate linear regression analyses adjusting for confounding risk factors, the independent associations of 10-year ASCVD risk with PHQ-9 score were all significant in the total (β = 2.61; P < 0.001), male (β = 1.64; P = 0.001), and female subjects (β = 3.71; P < 0.001). Further, the interaction analysis proved the impacts of 10-year ASCVD risk on PHQ-9 score were more apparent in females than males (Ps < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The 10-year ASCVD risk was positively associated with depressive symptoms in both males and females, which was more apparent in the latter. These findings provided some novel data about the value of 10-year ASCVD risk in estimating depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zhe Sun
- grid.412636.4Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Heping, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Ning Ye
- grid.412636.4Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Heping, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Shao-Jun Wu
- grid.412636.4Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Heping, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Ying Zhou
- grid.412636.4Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Heping, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Ying-Xian Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Heping, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Relationship Between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Dose⁻Response Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16081356. [PMID: 30991759 PMCID: PMC6518001 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested an association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and risk of depressive symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether there is a dose-response relationship. The effect estimates were pooled using fixed-effect or random-effect models based on homogeneity analysis. The dose-response meta-analysis was performed by linear and non-linear regression. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the possible sources of heterogeneity. Twenty-four studies were included in this meta-analysis. SHS exposure was significantly associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-1.39). For SHS exposure expressed as an ordinal variable, the dose-response meta-analysis revealed a monotonically increasing relationship between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms. A similar dose-response relationship was observed for SHS exposure expressed as a continuous variable (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.26-1.87). Our findings suggest that SHS exposure is associated with increasing odds of depressive symptoms in a dose-response manner.
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Rodríguez-Rabassa M, López P, Rodríguez-Santiago RE, Cases A, Felici M, Sánchez R, Yamamura Y, Rivera-Amill V. Cigarette Smoking Modulation of Saliva Microbial Composition and Cytokine Levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2479. [PMID: 30405010 PMCID: PMC6266915 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use has been implicated as an immunomodulator in the oral cavity and contributes to the development of oral cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on bacterial diversity and host responses compared to healthy nonsmoking controls. Saliva samples were collected from eighteen smokers and sixteen nonsmoking individuals by passive drool. The 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the salivary microbiome by using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Cytokine and chemokine expression analyses were performed to evaluate the host response. Significant differences in cytokine and chemokine expression levels of MDC, IL-10, IL-5, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), insulin, and leptin were observed between smokers and nonsmokers. Taxonomic analyses revealed differences between the two groups, and some bacterial genera associated with the smokers group had correlations with hormones and cytokines identified as statistically different between smokers and nonsmokers. These factors have been associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis in the oral cavity. The data obtained may aid in the identification of the interactions between the salivary microbiome, host inflammatory responses, and metabolism in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Rodríguez-Rabassa
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, 395 Dr. Luis F. Sala Street, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
- Clinical Psychology Program, School of Behavioral & Brain Science, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
| | - Pablo López
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, 395 Dr. Luis F. Sala Street, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
| | - Ronald E Rodríguez-Santiago
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, 395 Dr. Luis F. Sala Street, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
| | - Antonio Cases
- Tobacco Control and Oral Health Division, Department of Health, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00716-2348, USA.
| | - Marcos Felici
- Tobacco Control and Oral Health Division, Department of Health, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00716-2348, USA.
| | - Raphael Sánchez
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, 395 Dr. Luis F. Sala Street, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
| | - Yasuhiro Yamamura
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, 395 Dr. Luis F. Sala Street, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
| | - Vanessa Rivera-Amill
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, 395 Dr. Luis F. Sala Street, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
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Chen CY, Chang CM, Lin HL, Chu CL. The association between exposure to second-hand smoke and major depressive disorder in perimenopausal women: results from apopulation-based study. Ann Med 2018; 50:596-604. [PMID: 30311809 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1534264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) would be positively associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) in perimenopausal women from a population-based perspective, after adjustment for all potential confounders. METHODS This study used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, 2005-2012, to report on MDD in perimenopausal women. RESULTS The odds ratio (OR) for MDD increased when there was a smoker was in the home, as compared to not having a smoker in the home (aOR = 2.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15-7.67); however, in the non-poor group, the OR for MDD showed no difference between those who had or did not have a smoker in their home. For participants who self-rated their health condition as excellent, very good or good, the OR for MDD increased; it also increased if there were smokers in the home, as compared to those without smokers in the home (aOR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.08-6.14). CONCLUSIONS The present study results augment our understanding of the clinical and public health significance of SHS, as well as the role of various socioeconomic and self-rated health conditions, in perimenopausal women. Key messages An increasing OR for MDD was demonstrated with regard to health status such as CVD, chronic respiratory tract disease, arthritis, thyroid problems, lower eGFR, fair or poor self-rated health condition, and elevated CRP level. Participants who self-rated their health condition as excellent, very good or good had an increased OR for MDD. The OR also increased if the women had smokers in their home versus women who did not have smokers in the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yen Chen
- a Department of Psychiatry , Chang Gung Hospital , Keelung , Taiwan.,b School of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Chang
- b School of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,c Department of Psychiatry , Chang Gung Hospital , Linkou , Taiwan
| | - Huang-Li Lin
- b School of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,c Department of Psychiatry , Chang Gung Hospital , Linkou , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Chu
- b School of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,c Department of Psychiatry , Chang Gung Hospital , Linkou , Taiwan
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Jain RB. Rates of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from various indoor environments among US children and nonsmoker adolescents and adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:17002-17011. [PMID: 29627962 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2013-2014 were used to compute rates of exposure (ROE) to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) from various indoor environments among US children and nonsmoking adolescents and adults. In a typical week in USA, 473,000 infants (ROE, 11%), 3.36 million children aged 1-5 years (ROE, 16.4%), and 4.59 million children aged 6-11 years (ROE, 18.6%) are exposed to ETS from indoor environments only. ROE among children was found to be highest by inhaling tobacco smoke inside home, riding in a car, and when visiting other people's homes. In a typical week, 4.1 million nonsmoking adolescents (ROE, 29.2%) were being exposed to ETS. For every one adolescent smoker, 2.4 nonsmoker adolescents were being subjected to ETS exposure. Both non-Hispanic White (NHW) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) nonsmoking adolescents had higher ROE (p < 0.01) than Hispanics (HISP) and non-Hispanic Asians (NHAS). Also, in a typical week, 16.8 million nonsmoking adults (ROE, 29.2%) were being exposed to ETS. For every adult smoker, 0.7 nonsmoker adult was subjected to ETS exposure. Both NHW and NHB nonsmoking adults had higher ROE (p < 0.01) than HISP and NHAS and males had higher ROE than females (p < 0.01).
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14
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Huang J, Xu B, Guo D, Jiang T, Huang W, Liu G, Ye X. Dose⁻Response Relationships between Second-Hand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents in Guangzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050985. [PMID: 29757982 PMCID: PMC5982024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been little focus on the possible association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Thus, this study aimed to explore the dose–response relationships between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms among adolescents and differentiate these associations in setting-specific exposure and severity-specific outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a stratified cluster sampling method to obtain a representative sample of high school students in Guangzhou, China. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the potential associations between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms. Among 3575 nonsmoking students, 29.6% were classified as having probable depressive symptoms and 9.6% had severe depressive symptoms. There were monotonically increasing dose–response relationships between setting-specific (public places, homes, or indoor/outdoor campuses) SHS exposure and severity-specific (probable or severe) depressive symptoms. When examining these relations by source of exposure, we also observed similar dose–response relationships for SHS exposure in campuses from smoking teachers and from smoking classmates. Our findings suggest that regular SHS exposure is associated with a significant, dose-dependent increase in risk of depressive symptoms among adolescents, and highlight the need for smoke-free environments to protect the health of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 283# Jianghai Dadao, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510310, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Health Education Section, Guangzhou Yuexiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23# Jiaochang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Dan Guo
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 283# Jianghai Dadao, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510310, China.
| | - Ting Jiang
- Health Education Section, Guangzhou Yuexiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23# Jiaochang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Health Education Section, Guangzhou Yuexiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23# Jiaochang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Guocong Liu
- Health Education Section, Guangzhou Yuexiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23# Jiaochang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 283# Jianghai Dadao, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510310, China.
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15
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Jang HY, Song YK, Kim JH, Kim MG, Han N, Lee HY, Kim IW, Oh JM. Impact of depression on change in coronary heart disease risk status: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:121-128. [PMID: 29391804 PMCID: PMC5768190 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s149501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between depression and change in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk status by an analysis of examination data in the general Korean population. Patients and methods We examined 1,851 men and 1,689 women (aged 43–73 years) for the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Ansan between 2005 and 2012. The estimated CHD risk score of participants was calculated using the Framingham CHD risk score in baseline and after 8-year follow-up period. Among them, population with low Framingham CHD risk score (<10%) in baseline (n=1,582) was used for further analyses. The low Framingham CHD risk score participants were assigned to one of two groups based on the Beck depression inventory (BDI) score: no depression (BDI <10) and depression (BDI ≥10). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to test whether depression was associated with participants’ status change to intermediate or high CHD risk score (≥10%) in men and women, respectively, after 8-year follow-up period. Results Women with depression showed significant higher rates of changing to intermediate or high CHD risk score status when compared with women without depression even after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, and smoking (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.08–2.03). However, depression was not associated with intermediate or high CHD risk score status in men (adjusted OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.95–1.82). Conclusion This general population-based cohort study provides evidence that depression can affect the risk of changing CHD risk score status in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Young Jang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul
| | - Yun-Kyoung Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul
| | - Myeong Gyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul
| | - Nayoung Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Wha Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul
| | - Jung Mi Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul
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16
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Patten SB, Williams JVA, Lavorato DH, Woolf B, Wang JL, Bulloch AGM, Sajobi T. Major depression and secondhand smoke exposure. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:260-264. [PMID: 28841490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have consistently linked smoking to poor mental health. Among non-smokers, some studies have also reported associations between secondhand smoke exposure and psychological symptoms. However, an association between secondhand smoke exposure and depressive disorders has not been well established. METHODS This analysis used cross-sectional data from a series of 10 population surveys conducted in Canada between 2003 and 2013. The surveys targeted the Canadian household population, included a brief structured interview for past year major depressive episode (MDE) and included items assessing secondhand smoke exposure. We used two-stage individual-level random-effects meta-regression to synthesize results from these surveys. RESULTS Over the study interval, about 20% of non-smokers reported substantial exposure to secondhand smoke. In this group, the pooled annual prevalence of MDE was 6.1% (95% CI 5.3-6.9) compared to 4.0% (95% CI 3.7-4.3) in non-smokers without secondhand smoke exposure. The crude odds ratio was 1.5 (95% CI 1.4-1.7). With adjustment for a set of potential confounding variables the odds ratio was unchanged, 1.4 (95% CI 1.2 - 1.6). CONCLUSIONS These results provide additional support for public health measures aimed at reducing secondhand smoke exposure. A causal connection between secondhand smoke exposure and MDEs cannot be confirmed due to the cross-sectional nature of the data. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish temporal sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Patten
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6; Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Canada.
| | - Jeanne V A Williams
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6
| | - Dina H Lavorato
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6
| | | | - Jian Li Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6; Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Canada
| | - Andrew G M Bulloch
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6; Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Canada
| | - Tolulope Sajobi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Canada; O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Canada
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17
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Passive Smoking is Responsible for Disease Activity in Female Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arch Rheumatol 2017; 33:143-149. [PMID: 30207575 DOI: 10.5606/archrheumatol.2018.6468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to evaluate the effects of passive smoking on disease activity in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and methods Among a total of 191 female patients with RA (mean age 59.1±12.5 years; range 21 to 87 years) consecutively recruited, 100 female patients (mean age 56.1±13.4 years; range 21 to 87 years) completed the study with mean 17.3 months of follow-up. Patients were classified according to smoking status: current, never, passive, or ex-smoker. Clinical response between never and passive smokers was assessed by disease- activity score 28 (DAS28)-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (DAS28-ESR and DAS28-CRP) and by the European League Against Rheumatism response criteria. Results Among the 100 female RA patients analyzed, the distribution of smoking status was as follows: current (n=3), never (n=55), passive (n=34), and ex-smokers (n=8). There was no difference of DAS28-ESR and DAS28-CRP between never and passive smokers at baseline. At the time of follow-up, the values of DAS28-ESR and DAS28-CRP in never smokers were significantly decreased than those in passive smokers (p=0.019 and p=0.023, respectively). Patients who never smoked showed a trend to have good or moderate European League Against Rheumatism response without statistical significance, compared to passive smokers (52.7% vs. 32.4%, respectively; p=0.060). Conclusion This preliminary study implicates that passive smoking might be responsible for higher disease activity in female RA patients and never smoking might induce good clinical response in RA.
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18
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Huang J, Wen G, Yang W, Yao Z, Wu C, Ye X. The association between second-hand smoke exposure and depressive symptoms among pregnant women. Psychiatry Res 2017; 256:469-474. [PMID: 28711818 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and depression are strongly associated, but the possible association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and depression is unclear. This study aimed to examine the possible relation between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms among pregnant women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shenzhen, China, using a multistage sampling method. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms. Among 2176 pregnant women, 10.5% and 2.0% were classified as having probable and severe depressive symptoms. Both binary and multinomial logistic regression revealed that there were significantly increased risks of severe depressive symptoms corresponding to SHS exposure in homes or regular SHS exposure in workplaces using no exposure as reference. In addition, greater frequency of SHS exposure was significantly associated with the increased risk of severe depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that SHS exposure is positively associated with depressive symptoms in a dose-response manner among the pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoming Wen
- Women Health Care, Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weikang Yang
- Department of Health Education, Health Education Institute of Longhua District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenjiang Yao
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan'an Wu
- Women Health Care, Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kawasaki Y, Miyake Y, Tanaka K, Furukawa S, Arakawa M. Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure and prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japan: baseline data from the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study. Tob Induc Dis 2017; 15:34. [PMID: 28747858 PMCID: PMC5525258 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-017-0139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kawasaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.,Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.,Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinya Furukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.,Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masashi Arakawa
- Health Tourism Research Fields, Graduate School of Tourism Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Argalášová Ľ, Ševčíková Ľ, Jurkovičová J, Babjaková J, Janeková E, Totka A, Šimko M, Weitzman M. Determinants of ETS exposure in a sample of Slovak pregnant women. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2017; 32:201-205. [PMID: 27740932 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is one of the greatest and the most frequent environmental toxic exposures presenting a high risk to children and to their mothers as well. The aim of the study was to find determinants of the household ETS in the sample of pregnant women living in the household with smokers and to assess their physical and mental health. The survey was distributed to women being seen for follow-up at the obstetric/gynecology departments in hospitals and at gynecological out-patient departments in Bratislava, Slovakia. The medical outcomes short form-12 (SF-12) was included to quantify the mental and physical health of mothers. From the total sample of 617 women, 35.5% (219) were pregnant, 88.6% of them (194) non-smokers, 27.8% (54) lived with a smoking partner, the average mental component summary (MCS) score was 50.8±9.1 and physical component summary (PCS) score was 41.6±10.3. The average age was 31.3±5.1 years. In the sample of 309 non-pregnant non-smoking mothers 23% (71) lived with a smoking partner; the average age was 31.7±4.8 years. The average PCS score was 47.8±8.7 and MCS score 49.1±9. Non-smoking, pregnant women living with a smoker have fewer years of education (p=0.0003) and lower MCS scores (48.50±9.8) (p=0.03). Non-smoking, non-pregnant women living with a smoker are older (p=0.0042), with lower income (p=0.0145), have fewer years of education (p=0.002) and lower PCS score (45±9.1) (p=0.0056). Multivariate analyses revealed the decrease of MCS score in pregnant women and the decrease of PCS score in non-pregnant women living with a smoker. Our results show that living with a smoker is independently associated with worse physical and mental health in a selected sample of Slovak women, which represents an important argument for intervention in families.
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Kim NH, Choi H, Kim NR, Shim JS, Kim HC. Secondhand smoke exposure and mental health problems in Korean adults. Epidemiol Health 2016; 38:e2016009. [PMID: 26988086 PMCID: PMC4846743 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2016009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) and mental health problems among Korean adults. METHODS We analyzed data from the 2011 Korean Community Health Survey. From the total of 229,226 participants aged 19 years or above, we excluded 48,679 current smokers, 36,612 former smokers, 3,036 participants with a history of stroke, 2,264 participants with a history of myocardial infarction, 14,115 participants who experienced at least one day in bed per month due to disability, and 855 participants for whom information regarding SHSE or mental health problems was not available. The final analysis was performed with 22,818 men and 100,847 women. Participants were classified into four groups according to the duration of SHSE: none, <1 hr/d, 1-<3 hr/d, and ≥3 hr/d. The presence of depressive symptoms, diagnosed depression, and high stress were measured by questionnaire. RESULTS After adjusting for demographic factors, lifestyle, and chronic disease, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of depressive symptoms with 1-<3 hr/d and ≥3 hr/d SHSE were 1.44 (95% CI, 1.14 to 1.82) and 1.59 (95% CI, 1.46 to 1.74), respectively. However, SHSE ≥3 hr/d had a higher OR of 1.37 (95% CI, 1.20 to 1.58) for diagnosed depression. SHSE was also associated with high stress (1-<3 hr/d: OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.76; ≥3 hr/d: OR, 1.33 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.40). However, the association between SHSE and symptoms of depression and stress did not differ significantly by region. CONCLUSIONS SHSE may be associated with mental health problems such as depression and stress in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hyun Kim
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hansol Choi
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Rae Kim
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Seon Shim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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