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Shvartsman E, Perciani CT, Richmond MEI, Russell JNH, Tough RH, Vancuren SJ, Hill JE, KAVI-ICR, Jaoko W, McKinnon LR, Sandstrom PA, MacDonald KS. Gardnerella subgroup dominant microbiomes are associated with divergent cervicovaginal immune responses in a longitudinal cohort of Kenyan women. Front Immunol 2023; 13:974195. [PMID: 36726972 PMCID: PMC9886495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cervicovaginal microbiome-immunology studies to date have relied on 16S rDNA microbial profiling which does not resolve the molecular subgroups of Gardnerella, believed to be central to the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and subsequent risk of HIV acquisition. Here we used the cpn60 universal target which in addition to other microbial taxa, resolves four Gardnerella subgroups, for cervicovaginal microbial profiling in a longitudinal cohort of Kenyan women to examine associations with cellular and soluble markers of inflammation and HIV susceptibility. Participants (N = 41) were sampled, contributing 362 samples for microbiome analysis. All non-Lactobacillus dominant microbial communities were associated with high pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Divergent associations were observed among different Gardnerella subgroup dominated communities with respect to the chemokine IP-10. Specifically, Gardnerella subgroup A dominant and polymicrobial communities were associated with reduced concentrations of IP-10 in adjusted linear mixed models (p<0.0001), compared to microbial communities dominated by Lactobacillus (non-iners) species. However, these associations did not translate to significant differences in the proportion or absolute number of CCR5, HLA-DR and CD38 expressed on cervical CD4+ T- cells. These findings suggest that some associations between Gardnerella subgroup dominant microbiomes and mucosal immunity differ and are relevant for the study of BV-pathogenesis and understanding the mechanisms of BV-associated HIV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Shvartsman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Catia T. Perciani
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meika E. I. Richmond
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Justen N. H. Russell
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Riley H. Tough
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sarah J. Vancuren
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Janet E. Hill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - KAVI-ICR
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative-Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Walter Jaoko
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative-Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lyle R. McKinnon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Paul A. Sandstrom
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kelly S. MacDonald
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Kelly S. MacDonald,
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Wang SY, Liu WQ, Li YQ, Li JX, Zhu FC. A China-developed adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccine: review of the development and application of Ad5-nCov. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:704-713. [PMID: 37501516 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2242528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global spread of COVID-19 has prompted the development of vaccines. A recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) developed by Chinese scientists has been authorized for use as a prime and booster dose in China and several other countries. AREAS COVERED We searched published articles as of 4 May 2023, on PubMed using keywords related to Adenovirus vector, vaccine, and SARS-CoV-2. We reported the progress and outcomes of Ad5-nCov, including vaccine efficacy, safety, immunogenicity based on pre-clinical trials, clinical trials, and real-world studies for primary and booster doses. EXPERT OPINION Ad5-nCoV is a significant advancement in Chinese vaccine development technology. Evidence from clinical trials and real-world studies has demonstrated well-tolerated, highly immunogenic, and efficacy of Ad5-nCoV in preventing severe/critical COVID-19. Aerosolized Ad5-nCoV, given via a novel route, could elicit mucosal immunity and improve the vaccine efficacy, enhance the production capacity and availability, and reduce the potential negative impact of preexisting antibodies. However, additional research is necessary to evaluate the long-term safety and immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV, its efficacy against emerging variants, its effectiveness in a real-world context of hybrid immunity, and its cost-effectiveness, particularly with respect to aerosolized Ad5-nCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yu Wang
- Department of Immunization Programe, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Qing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Qing Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Cai Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Nalubega S, Osuwat LO, Agyeiwaa PB, Evans C, Matovu JB. The practice of pilot/feasibility studies in informing the conduct of HIV related clinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 29:100959. [PMID: 35865280 PMCID: PMC9294242 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pilot/feasibility studies represent a fundamental phase of the research process and play a vital role in the preliminary planning of a full size HIV clinical trial. Published HIV clinical trial protocols were reviewed to establish the extent to which the proposed HIV clinical trials are informed by a prior pilot/feasibility study. Methods The JBI methodology for scoping reviews was followed. Six databases were systematically searched to identify articles for inclusion. Results Thirty two (32) published HIV study protocols were included. Articles were in the English language and were published in the past 10 years (2011-2020). The review results showed that the majority of HIV-related clinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa were not informed by pilot/feasibility studies. The results further indicated that the number of HIV clinical trials informed by a pilot/feasibility study have been on the increase in the 8 years' period since 2012, a trend that indicates positive uptake of pilot studies in HIV related studies. A few select countries (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Kenya) comprised more than 70% of all clinical trials that were informed by a pilot/feasibility study, conducted in sub Saharan Africa. Conclusions Although there is an increasing interest among researchers to integrate pilot/feasibility studies in HIV related research, limited countries in sub-Saharan Africa appear to have embraced this trend. Strategies that can motivate researchers to engage in a culture of incorporating pilot/feasibility studies in HIV related research should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylivia Nalubega
- School of Health Sciences, Soroti University, Soroti, Uganda
- Corresponding author. Soroti University, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Uganda.
| | | | - Poku Brenda Agyeiwaa
- School of Sociology and Socio Policy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catrin Evans
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- University of Nottingham Center for Evidence Based Healthcare, United Kingdom
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Shvartsman E, Richmond MEI, Schellenberg JJ, Lamont A, Perciani C, Russell JNH, Poliquin V, Burgener A, Jaoko W, Sandstrom P, MacDonald KS. Comparative analysis of DNA extraction and PCR product purification methods for cervicovaginal microbiome analysis using cpn60 microbial profiling. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262355. [PMID: 35025956 PMCID: PMC8758110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiota of the lower female genital tract plays an important role in women’s health. Microbial profiling using the chaperonin60 (cpn60) universal target (UT) improves resolution of vaginal species associated with negative health outcomes compared to the more commonly used 16S ribosomal DNA target. However, the choice of DNA extraction and PCR product purification methods may bias sequencing-based microbial studies and should be optimized for the sample type and molecular target used. In this study, we compared two commercial DNA extraction kits and two commercial PCR product purification kits for the microbial profiling of cervicovaginal samples using the cpn60 UT. Methods DNA from cervicovaginal secretions and vaginal lavage samples as well as mock community standards were extracted using either the specialized QIAamp DNA Microbiome Kit, or the standard DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit with enzymatic pre-treatment for enhanced lysis of gram-positive bacteria. Extracts were PCR amplified using well-established cpn60 primer sets and conditions. Products were then purified using a column-based method (QIAquick PCR Purification Kit) or a gel-based PCR clean-up method using the QIAEX II Gel Extraction Kit. Purified amplicons were sequenced with the MiSeq platform using standard procedures. The overall quality of each method was evaluated by measuring DNA yield, alpha diversity, and microbial composition. Results DNA extracted from cervicovaginal samples using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit, pre-treated with lysozyme and mutanolysin, resulted in increased DNA yield, bacterial diversity, and species representation compared to the QIAamp DNA Microbiome kit. The column-based PCR product purification approach also resulted in greater average DNA yield and wider species representation compared to a gel-based clean-up method. In conclusion, this study presents a fast, effective sample preparation method for high resolution cpn60 based microbial profiling of cervicovaginal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Shvartsman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Meika E. I. Richmond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - John J. Schellenberg
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Alana Lamont
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Catia Perciani
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Justen N. H. Russell
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vanessa Poliquin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Adam Burgener
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Walter Jaoko
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative–Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Sandstrom
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kelly S. MacDonald
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Near-atomic cryo-electron microscopy structures of varicella-zoster virus capsids. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:1542-1552. [PMID: 32895526 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a medically important human herpesvirus that causes chickenpox and shingles, but its cell-associated nature has hindered structure studies. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of purified VZV A-capsid and C-capsid, as well as of the DNA-containing capsid inside the virion. Atomic models derived from these structures show that, despite enclosing a genome that is substantially smaller than those of other human herpesviruses, VZV has a similarly sized capsid, consisting of 955 major capsid protein (MCP), 900 small capsid protein (SCP), 640 triplex dimer (Tri2) and 320 triplex monomer (Tri1) subunits. The VZV capsid has high thermal stability, although with relatively fewer intra- and inter-capsid protein interactions and less stably associated tegument proteins compared with other human herpesviruses. Analysis with antibodies targeting the N and C termini of the VZV SCP indicates that the hexon-capping SCP-the largest among human herpesviruses-uses its N-terminal half to bridge hexon MCP subunits and possesses a C-terminal flexible half emanating from the inner rim of the upper hexon channel into the tegument layer. Correlation of these structural features and functional observations provide insights into VZV assembly and pathogenesis and should help efforts to engineer gene delivery and anticancer vectors based on the currently available VZV vaccine.
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Perciani CT, Sekhon M, Hundal S, Farah B, Ostrowski MA, Anzala AO, McKinnon LR, Jaoko W, MacDonald KS. Live Attenuated Zoster Vaccine Boosts Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)-Specific Humoral Responses Systemically and at the Cervicovaginal Mucosa of Kenyan VZV-Seropositive Women. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:1210-1218. [PMID: 29800309 PMCID: PMC6129112 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attenuated varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a promising vector for recombinant vaccines. Because human immunodeficiencyvirus (HIV) vaccines are believed to require mucosal immunogenicity, we characterized mucosal VZV-specific humoral immunity following VZVOka vaccination. Methods Adult Kenyan VZV-seropositive women (n = 44) received a single dose of the live zoster VZVOka vaccine. The anamnestic responses to the virus were followed longitudinally in both plasma and mucosal secretions using an in-house glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and safety and reactogenicity monitored. VZV seroprevalence and baseline responses to the virus were also characterized in our cohorts (n = 288). Results Besides boosting anti-VZV antibody responses systemically, vaccination also boosted anti-VZV immunity in the cervicovaginal mucosa with a 2.9-fold rise in immunoglobulin G (P < .0001) and 1.6-fold rise in immunoglobulin A (IgA) (P = .004) from the time before immunization and 4 weeks postvaccination. Baseline analysis demonstrated high avidity antibodies at the gastrointestinal and genital mucosa of VZV-seropositive women. Measurement of VZV-specific IgA in saliva is a sensitive tool for detecting prior VZV infection. Conclusions VZVOka vaccine was safe and immunogenic in VZV-seropositive adult Kenyan women. We provided compelling evidence of VZV ability to induce genital mucosa immunity. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02514018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia T Perciani
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manmeet Sekhon
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina Hundal
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bashir Farah
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative-Institute of Clinical Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mario A Ostrowski
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Omu Anzala
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative-Institute of Clinical Research, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban
| | - Walter Jaoko
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative-Institute of Clinical Research, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kelly S MacDonald
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Perciani CT, Farah B, Kaul R, Ostrowski MA, Mahmud SM, Anzala O, Jaoko W, MacDonald KS. Live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine does not induce HIV target cell activation. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:875-886. [PMID: 30511963 DOI: 10.1172/jci124473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is under consideration as a promising recombinant viral vector to deliver foreign antigens including HIV. However, new vectors have come under increased scrutiny, since trials with adenovirus serotype 5-vectored (Ad5-vectored) HIV vaccine demonstrated increased HIV risk in individuals with pre-immunity to the vector that was thought to be associated with mucosal immune activation (IA). Therefore, given the prospect of developing an HIV/VZV chimeric vaccine, it is particularly important to define the impact of VZV vaccination on IA. METHODS Healthy VZV-seropositive Kenyan women (n = 44) were immunized with high-dose live attenuated VZV vaccine, and we assessed the expression on CD4+ T cells isolated from blood, cervix, and rectum of IA markers including CD38 and HLA-DR and of markers of cell migration and tissue retention, as well as the concentration of genital and intestinal cytokines. A delayed-start group (n = 22) was used to control for natural variations in these parameters. RESULTS Although immunogenic, VZV vaccination did not result in significant difference in the frequency of cervical activated (HLA-DR+CD38+) CD4+ T cells (median 1.61%, IQR 0.93%-2.76%) at 12 weeks after vaccination when compared with baseline (median 1.58%, IQR 0.75%-3.04%), the primary outcome for this study. VZV vaccination also had no measurable effect on any of the IA parameters at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after vaccination. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence to our knowledge about the effects of VZV vaccination on human mucosal IA status and supports further evaluation of VZV as a potential vector for an HIV vaccine. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02514018. FUNDING Primary support from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR). For other sources, see Acknowledgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia T Perciani
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bashir Farah
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative-Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario A Ostrowski
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salaheddin M Mahmud
- Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Omu Anzala
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative-Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Walter Jaoko
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative-Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Kelly S MacDonald
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Perciani CT, Jaoko W, Farah B, Ostrowski MA, Anzala O, MacDonald KS. αEβ7, α4β7 and α4β1 integrin contributions to T cell distribution in blood, cervix and rectal tissues: Potential implications for HIV transmission. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192482. [PMID: 29420608 PMCID: PMC5805330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface expression of α4β7, α4β1 and αEβ7 integrins play a key role in T cell distribution. Understanding the contribution of integrins to the density and ratios of CD4+: CD4negT cell at the portals of entry for HIV is of fundamental importance for the advance of more effective HIV prevention strategies. We therefore set out to characterize and compare the expression of α4β7, α4β1 and αEβ7 integrins on systemic, cervical and rectal CD4+ and CD4negT cells isolated from a cohort of healthy Kenyan women at low risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI) (n = 45). Here we show that blood and cervix were enriched in α4+β1+CD4+T cells and α4+β7hiCD4+T cells, whereas the rectum had an equal frequency of α4+β7hiCD4+T cells and αE+β7hiCD4+T cells. Most cervical and rectal αE+β7hiCD4+T cells expressed CCR5 as well as CD69. Interestingly, αEβ7 was the predominant integrin expressed by CD4negT cells in both mucosal sites, outnumbering αE+β7hiCD4+T cells approximately 2-fold in the cervix and 7-fold in the rectum. The majority of αE+β7hiCD4negT cells expressed CD69 at the mucosa. Taken together, our results show unique tissue-specific patterns of integrin expression. These results can help in guiding vaccine design and also the use of therapeutically targeting integrin adhesion as a means to preventing HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia T. Perciani
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter Jaoko
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative—Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bashir Farah
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative—Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mario A. Ostrowski
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Omu Anzala
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative—Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kelly S. MacDonald
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - for the KAVI-ICR Team
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative—Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR), Nairobi, Kenya
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