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Omidvar Eshkalak Z, Parvizy S, Seyedfatemi N, Haghani H, Nazari H. The effectiveness of web-based training for parents on post-traumatic stress disorder in children. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1325475. [PMID: 38605831 PMCID: PMC11008461 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1325475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after an injury such as accidents is common in children and can affect their overall physical and mental functioning and quality of life. Early intervention can have significant health benefits for children. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of web-based training for parents on post-traumatic stress disorder in children. Method This was a quasi-experimental study with intervention and control group. 110 parents of children aged 10-18 years with PTSD after a traumatic event were selected through available sampling and assigned to intervention and control groups. Data was collected by a researcher-made demographic questionnaire and the Child Revised Impact of Events Scale (CRIES-8). Parents in the intervention group received a 4-week training course through a researcher-designed website, but the control group received routine care by the clinical team, which the main focus of care and training was on the physical aspects of the disease, and no intervention was done for PTSD. Two weeks after the intervention, the level of child stress was measured and compared in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS V.22. Results The difference between the mean score of total traumatic stress and its subscales before intervention was not statistically significant (p = 0.23). But after intervention, the mean score of total traumatic stress and its subscales decreased in the intervention group and increased in the control group and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion E-learning parent training has the potential to support children with PTSD. This available and cost-effective procedure can be recommended to help children with PTSD and possibly increase recovery in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soroor Parvizy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naima Seyedfatemi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Haghani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Nazari
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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2
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Brinckman B, Alfaro E, Wooten W, Herringa R. The promise of compassion-based therapy as a novel intervention for adolescent PTSD. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2024; 15:100694. [PMID: 38283688 PMCID: PMC10817702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize current evidence for compassion-based approaches for PTSD and the potential for their application to the adolescent PTSD population. Exposure to traumatic events is common in adolescence and PTSD remains a public health crisis. Accessibility, willingness, and engagement are significant barriers to established treatments for PTSD, with attrition rates as high as 50 %. Compassion-based therapies provide potential solutions to treatment obstacles by providing a non-threatening, transdiagnostic option unburdened by aspects of current trauma treatment which may be associated with treatment resistance (e.g., exposure, trauma narrative, induction of fear). Compassion-based approaches are intuitive for trauma treatment, as compassion activates the self-soothing system, thereby disarming the fear system and promoting affect regulation. Compassion-based treatments demonstrate reductions across a substantial range of PTSD symptoms in adults, however, in adolescents extant literature is sparse, with cross-sectional studies suggesting self-compassion is inversely associated with trauma-related psychopathology. Understanding the impact of compassion-based approaches on adolescent PTSD is warranted as the adolescent developmental period may be a particularly opportune time for this approach. Evaluation of the impact of compassion-based treatment on adolescent PTSD in clinical populations via randomized-controlled studies and comparison of its relative efficacy to current evidence-based practices is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Brinckman
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, BRAVE Research Lab, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719-1176, United States
| | - Elena Alfaro
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, BRAVE Research Lab, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719-1176, United States
| | - William Wooten
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, BRAVE Research Lab, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719-1176, United States
| | - Ryan Herringa
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, BRAVE Research Lab, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719-1176, United States
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3
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Xiang Y, Cipriani A, Teng T, Del Giovane C, Zhang Y, Weisz JR, Li X, Cuijpers P, Liu X, Barth J, Jiang Y, Cohen D, Fan L, Gillies D, Du K, Ravindran AV, Zhou X, Xie P. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED MENTAL HEALTH 2021; 24:153-160. [PMID: 34599050 PMCID: PMC8543231 DOI: 10.1136/ebmental-2021-300346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available evidence on the comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare and rank the different types and formats of psychotherapies for PTSD in children and adolescents. METHODS We searched eight databases and other international registers up to 31 December 2020. The pairwise meta-analyses and frequentist network meta-analyses estimated pooled standardised mean differences (SMDs) and ORs with random-effects model. Efficacy at post-treatment and follow-up, acceptability, depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured. FINDINGS We included 56 randomised controlled trials with 5327 patients comparing 14 different types of psychotherapies and 3 control conditions. For efficacy, cognitive processing therapy (CPT), behavioural therapy (BT), individual trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy (TF-CBT), eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing, and group TF-CBT were significantly superior to all control conditions at post-treatment and follow-up (SMDs between -2.42 and -0.25). Moreover, CPT, BT and individual TF-CBT were more effective than supportive therapy (SMDs between -1.92 and -0.49). Results for depressive and anxiety symptoms were similar to the findings for the primary outcome. Most of the results were rated as 'moderate' to 'very low' in terms of confidence of evidence. CONCLUSIONS CPT, BT and individual TF-CBT appear to be the best choices of psychotherapy for PTSD in young patients. Other types and different ways of delivering psychological treatment can be alternative options. Clinicians should consider the importance of each outcome and the patients' preferences in real clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Teng Teng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - John R Weisz
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xueer Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jürgen Barth
- Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuanliang Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - David Cohen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et Robotiques, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Li Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Donna Gillies
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kang Du
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Arun V Ravindran
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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He L, Geng Y, Pan Y, Tian J, He X, Deng X, Duan W, Peng H. Study protocol for a network meta-analysis of digital-technology-based psychotherapies for PTSD in adults. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038951. [PMID: 33303442 PMCID: PMC7733188 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies on various types of digital-technology-based psychotherapies (DTPs) have indicated that they are effective for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom relief among adults. The intervention efficacy or effectiveness hierarchy, however, is still not clear. Therefore, we propose to conduct a network meta-analysis to assess the relative effectiveness of various types of DTPs. We aim to establish the differential effectiveness of these therapies in terms of symptom reduction and provide high-quality evidence for treating PTSD. METHODS AND ANALYSES We will search Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, clinical trials (eg, ClinicalTrials.gov) and other academic platforms for relevant studies, mainly in English and Chinese (as we plan to conduct a trial on PTSD patients in Wuhan, China, based on the results of this network meta-analysis), from inception to October 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses investigating the effectiveness of any DTPs for PTSD patients for any controlled condition will be included. The number of intervention sessions and the research duration are unlimited; the effects for different durations will be tested via sensitivity analysis. For this project, the primary measure of outcome will be PTSD symptoms at the end of treatment using raw scores for one widely used PTSD scale, PCL-5. Secondary outcome measures will include (1) dropout rate; (2) effectiveness at longest follow-up, but not more than 12 months and (3) patients' functional recovery ratio (such as the return-to-work ratio or percentage of sick leave). Bayesian network meta-analysis will be conducted for all relative outcome measures. We will perform subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis to see whether the results are influenced by study characteristics. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Development, and Evaluation framework will be adopted to evaluate the quality of evidence contributing to network estimates of the primary outcome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The researchers of the primary trials already have had ethical approval for the data used in our study. We will present the results of this meta-analysis at academic conferences and publish them in peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020173253.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longtao He
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanling Geng
- Department of Social Work, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yangu Pan
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Evidence-Based Medicine Centre & School of Basic Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xinyu He
- School of Social Development, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangshu Deng
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjie Duan
- Department of Social Work, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huamin Peng
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Luo L, Li L, Guo M, Chen X, Lin Y, Wu D. Genetic variation in NRG 1 gene and risk of post-traumatic stress disorders in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23187. [PMID: 31944381 PMCID: PMC7246357 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) was proved to play an important role in numerous neurodevelopmental processes. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the NRG1 gene polymorphism and the cognitive function of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated with post‐traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) before and after the psychological intervention. Methods Mini‐mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) were used for cognitive function assessment. Serum level of NRG1 was detected by ELISA, and the correlation between NRG1 level and cognitive function was analyzed. The difference of cognitive function score of patients with HCC complicated with PTSD before and after psychological intervention was compared, and the relationship between rs35753505 and rs3924999 polymorphism with the score was analyzed. Results Patients with HCC complicated with PTSD showed decreased serum NRG1 level. NRG1 levels of patients in the HCC + PTSD group were positively correlated with MMSE, MoCA, and LOTCA scores. In rs35753505, the CC genotype was a risk factor for the occurrence of PTSD in patients with HCC, while in rs3924999, the GG genotype was a risk factor for the occurrence of PTSD in patients with HCC. After psychological intervention, the CC genotype at rs35753505 and the GG genotype at rs3924999 were susceptible genotypes. Conclusion CC genotype at rs35753505 and GG genotype at rs3924999 of NRG1 gene increased the risk of PTSD in patients with HCC. CC and GG genotypes were susceptible after psychological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liumei Luo
- Xiangya Nursing College, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of science and education, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of nursing, Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of science and education, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Xiangya Nursing College, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhu Lin
- Department of science and education, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Dingyin Wu
- Department of science and education, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
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6
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Pan JX, Deng FL, Zeng BH, Zheng P, Liang WW, Yin BM, Wu J, Dong MX, Luo YY, Wang HY, Wei H, Xie P. Absence of gut microbiota during early life affects anxiolytic Behaviors and monoamine neurotransmitters system in the hippocampal of mice. J Neurol Sci 2019; 400:160-168. [PMID: 30954660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is composed of an enormous number of microorganisms, generally regarded as commensal bacteria. Resident gut bacteria are an important contributor to health and significant evidence suggests that the presence of healthy and diverse gut microbiota is important for normal cognitive and emotional processing. Here we measured the expression of monoamine neurotransmitter-related genes in the hippocampus of germ-free (GF) mice and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice to explore the effect of gut microbiota on hippocampal monoamine functioning. In total, 19 differential expressed genes (Htr7, Htr1f, Htr3b, Drd3, Ddc, Maob, Tdo2, Fos, Creb1, Akt1, Gsk3a, Pik3ca, Pla2g5, Cyp2d22, Grk6, Ephb1, Slc18a1, Nr4a1, Gdnf) that could discriminate between the two groups were identified. Interestingly, GF mice displayed anxiolytic-like behavior compared to SPF mice, which were not reversed by colonization with gut microbiota from SPF mice. Besides, colonization of adolescent GF mice by gut microbiota was not sufficient to reverse the altered gene expression associated with their GF status. Taking these findings together, the absence of commensal microbiota during early life markedly affects hippocampal monoamine gene-regulation, which was associated with anxiolytic behaviors and monoamine neurological signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xi Pan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Feng-Li Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ben-Hua Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei-Wei Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bang-Min Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mei-Xue Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hai-Yang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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7
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Deng FL, Pan JX, Zheng P, Xia JJ, Yin BM, Liang WW, Li YF, Wu J, Xu F, Wu QY, Qu CH, Li W, Wang HY, Xie P. Metabonomics reveals peripheral and central short-chain fatty acid and amino acid dysfunction in a naturally occurring depressive model of macaques. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1077-1088. [PMID: 31118641 PMCID: PMC6501704 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s186071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder. Various depressive rodent models are usually constructed based on different pathogenesis hypotheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Herein, using our previously established naturally occurring depressive (NOD) model in a non-human primate (cynomolgus monkey, Macaca fascularis), we performed metabolomics analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from NOD female macaques (N=10) and age-and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) (N=12). Multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed metabolites between the two groups. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis and MetaboAnalyst were applied for predicted pathways and biological functions analysis. RESULTS Totally, 37 metabolites responsible for discriminating the two groups were identified. The NOD macaques were mainly characterized by perturbations of fatty acid biosynthesis, ABC transport system, and amino acid metabolism (eg, aspartate, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism). Interestingly, we found that eight altered CSF metabolites belonging to short-chain fatty acids and amino acids were also observed in the serum of NOD macaques (N=13 per group). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that peripheral and central short-chain fatty acids and amino acids are implicated in the onset of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Li Deng
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Xi Pan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jun Xia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China,
| | - Bang-Min Yin
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wei-Wei Liang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China,
| | - Fan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qing-Yuan Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Neurology, Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Hua Qu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wei Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hai-Yang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China,
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, People's Republic of China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China, .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China,
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