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Hughes T. The physician's role in mitigating the climate crisis. Future Healthc J 2024; 11:100173. [PMID: 39346933 PMCID: PMC11424790 DOI: 10.1016/j.fhj.2024.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is a growing concern and healthcare is simultaneously being burdened with worsening climate-related health conditions, while significantly contributing to emissions and temperature rises. Studies have documented the effects of emissions on increasing numbers of early deaths, while rising temperatures and altered rainfall patterns lead to a change in vector migratory patterns alongside broader physical and mental health impacts. These changes only exacerbate the current global health inequities. The role of doctors in reducing the burden of the climate emergency can not be understated, including both individual and systemic changes. Preventative medicine can promote an active lifestyle and reduce fossil fuel consumption, while patient education and empowerment on reducing red meat consumption can improve cardiovascular health and reduce emissions. Low carbon solutions can be achieved via smarter prescribing and lean pathways can increase efficiency. It is in everyone's interests for physicians to adjust their practice to improve sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hughes
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
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2
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Wongpanarak N, Langkulsen U. Climate change and mental health in Northeast of Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:3860-3875. [PMID: 38487936 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2328741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Climate-induced health hazards are increasingly evident and frequent, with mental health emerging as a critical concern. Our study focuses on assessing mental health challenges related to climate variability in Northeastern Thailand. Using descriptive cross-sectional analysis and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10), we analyzed mental health morbidity from 2018 to 2022. High average monthly temperatures exceeding 30°C and exposure to floods or droughts elevate the risk of mental health challenges. To address these risks, a holistic approach integrating Sustainable Development Goals and mental health initiatives is essential. This approach should prioritize understanding the impacts of climate change on the environment and human health. Supporting marginalized communities with indigenous knowledge and evidence-based programs can effectively prioritize sustainable mental health support, especially for vulnerable populations, fostering progress in human development and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uma Langkulsen
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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3
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Nguyen GT, Tran TB, Le DD, Nguyen TM, Van Nguyen H, Ho PU, Van Tran S, Thuy LNH, Tran TD, Phan LT, Anh TDT, Watanabe T. Determining the factors impacting the quality of life among the general population in coastal communities in central Vietnam. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6986. [PMID: 38523149 PMCID: PMC10961306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
People living in coastal areas are frequently affected by natural disasters, such as floods and storms. This study aimed to assess the quality of life (QoL) of people living in disadvantaged coastal communes (subdivision of Vietnam) and identify their associated factors by using the World Health Organization's quality of life instrument (WHOQOL-BREF). To achieve this, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 595 individuals aged 18 years and above living in the coastal communes in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam, from October 2022 to February 2023. The results showed that the mean overall QoL (mean ± SD) was 61.1 ± 10.8. Among the four domains of QoL, the physical health (57.2 ± 12.3) domain had a lower score than the psychological health (61.9 ± 13.0), social relations (63.4 ± 13.4), and environment (61.9 ± 13.3) domains. The QoL score of the domains for participants affected by flooding was significantly lower than that of those not affected, except for social relations. Multivariable logistic regression showed that subjects with not good QoL had the educational background with no formal education (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.63, 95% CI 1.19-5.83), fairly poor/poor households (OR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.48-5.12), suffered Musculoskeletal diseases (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.02-2.56), unsatisfaction with health status (OR = 5.27, 95% CI 2.44-11.37), family conflicts (OR = 4.51, 95%CI 2.10-9.69), and low levels of social support (OR = 2.62; 95% CI 1.14-6.02). The analysis also revealed that workers (OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.66) had a better QoL than farmer-fisherman. QoL in disadvantaged coastal communes was low, with the lowest scores in the physical health domain. Based on the socioeconomic factors associated with not good QoL identified here, it is recommended that local authorities take more appropriate and practical measures to increase support, including measures for all aspects of physical health, psychological health, social relations, and the living environment, especially for people affected by floods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gia Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Public Health, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen Street, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam.
| | - Thang Binh Tran
- Faculty of Public Health, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen Street, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Duong Dinh Le
- Faculty of Public Health, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen Street, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Tu Minh Nguyen
- Undergraduate Training Office, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Hiep Van Nguyen
- Faculty of Public Health, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen Street, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Uyen Ho
- Faculty of Public Health, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen Street, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Son Van Tran
- Faculty of Public Health, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen Street, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Linh Nguyen Hoang Thuy
- Faculty of Public Health, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen Street, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Trung Dinh Tran
- Faculty of Public Health, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Long Thanh Phan
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thu Dang Thi Anh
- Faculty of Public Health, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen Street, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Toru Watanabe
- Department of Food, Life and Environmental Sciences, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
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4
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Augustin J, Andrees V, Czerniejewski A, Dallner R, Schulz CM, Mezger NCS. [The impact of the Ahr Valley flood on the health of the local population - an analysis based on SHI routine data]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2024; 67:5-13. [PMID: 38193912 PMCID: PMC10776694 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, Germany has experienced flood events that posed a threat to the health of the local population. However, there is a paucity of studies on the health consequences of these events. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the health consequences of the Ahr Valley flood in 2021. METHODS The data basis of this longitudinal study are nationwide billing data (inpatient/outpatient) of the BKK-Landesverband Nordwest. The study region was Ahrweiler and the study periods were the third quarters of 2020 and 2021. Among other things, prevalence rate ratio tests were used to determine which diagnoses (inpatient/outpatient) were spatially and temporally associated with the flood event on the basis of ICD-10 coding. RESULTS The results show a significant increase in billed services for some diagnosis groups in the inpatient sector. In particular, there was an increase in F diagnoses (mental and behavioural disorders), S diagnoses (injuries) and various diagnosis codes within Z codes (factors influencing health status and leading to healthcare utilisation). In the outpatient sector, a decrease was observed in many diagnosis groups (F and Z diagnoses). CONCLUSION The results of the study showed that the mental health of the local population was particularly affected by the floods. Healthcare was also affected. As floods are expected to become more frequent and severe in the future, measures to protect the population and health infrastructure need to be adapted accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobst Augustin
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen (IVDP), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
| | - Valerie Andrees
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen (IVDP), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | | | | | - Christian M Schulz
- KLUG - Deutsche Allianz Klimawandel und Gesundheit e. V., Berlin, Deutschland
- Medizincampus Oberfranken, Institut für Medizinmanagement und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Deutschland
| | - Nikolaus Christian Simon Mezger
- Centre for Planetary Health Policy, Berlin, Deutschland
- Global Public Health Department, Karolinska Institut, Stockholm, Schweden
- Arbeitsgruppe Globale und Planetare Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
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5
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Mat Jan NA, Marsani MF, Thiruchelvam L, Zainal Abidin NB, Shabri A, Abdullah Sani SA. Mitigating infectious disease risks through non-stationary flood frequency analysis: a case study in Malaysia based on natural disaster reduction strategy. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2023; 18. [PMID: 37961980 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2023.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of floods has the potential to escalate the transmission of infectious diseases. To enhance our comprehension of the health impacts of flooding and facilitate effective planning for mitigation strategies, it is necessary to explore the flood risk management. The variability present in hydrological records is an important and neglecting non-stationary patterns in flood data can lead to significant biases in estimating flood quantiles. Consequently, adopting a non-stationary flood frequency analysis appears to be a suitable approach to challenge the assumption of independent and identically distributed observations in the sample. This research employed the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution to examine annual maximum flood series. To estimate non-stationary models in the flood data, several statistical tests, including the TL-moment method was utilized on the data from ten stream-flow stations in Johor, Malaysia, which revealed that two stations, namely Kahang and Lenggor, exhibited non-stationary behaviour in their annual maximum streamflow. Two non-stationary models efficiently described the data series from these two specific stations, the control of which could reduce outbreak of infectious diseases when used for controlling the development measures of the hydraulic structures. Thus, the application of these models may help prevent biased prediction of flood occurrences leading to lower number of cases infected by disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amalina Mat Jan
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar Campus, Perak.
| | | | - Loshini Thiruchelvam
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar Campus, Perak.
| | - Nur Balqishanis Zainal Abidin
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar Campus, Perak.
| | - Ani Shabri
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor.
| | - Sarah A'fifah Abdullah Sani
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar Campus, Perak.
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6
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Findlater L, Robin C, Hopgood K, Waite T. Help-seeking following a flooding event: a cross-sectional analysis of adults affected by flooding in England in winter 2013/14. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:834-840. [PMID: 37328436 PMCID: PMC10567239 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flooding can cause long-term, significant impacts on mental health in affected populations. We explored help-seeking behaviour of households affected by flooding. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on National Study of Flooding and Health data on households flooded in England in winter 2013/14. Participants (Year 1: n = 2006; Year 2: n = 988; Year 3: n = 819) were asked if they sought help from health services and other sources. Logistic regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of help-seeking in flooded and disrupted participants compared to unaffected, adjusted for a priori confounders. RESULTS The odds of seeking help from any source 1 year after flooding were greater for flooded participants [adjusted OR (aOR): 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19-1.45] and those disrupted by flooding (aOR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.37-2.68) compared to unaffected participants. This continued in the second year (flooded: aOR 6.24, 95% CI: 3.18-13.34; disrupted: aOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.14-4.68), and help-seeking remained greater in flooded than unaffected participants in the third year. Flooded and disrupted participants were particularly likely to seek help from informal sources. Help-seeking was more prevalent amongst participants with mental health outcomes, but a notable proportion of individuals with any mental health outcome did not seek help (Year 1: 15.0%; Year 2: 33.3%; Year 3: 40.3%). CONCLUSIONS Flooding is associated with increased demand for formal and informal support, persisting for at least 3 years, and an unmet need for help amongst affected individuals. Our findings should be considered in flood response planning to reduce the long-term adverse health impacts of flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Findlater
- UK Health Security Agency, Bristol, UK
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) on Behavioural Science and Evaluation at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Robin
- UK Health Security Agency, Bristol, UK
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) on Behavioural Science and Evaluation at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K Hopgood
- UK Health Security Agency, Bristol, UK
| | - T Waite
- Department of Health and Social Care, UK
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Keya TA, Leela A, Habib N, Rashid M, Bakthavatchalam P. Mental Health Disorders Due to Disaster Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e37031. [PMID: 37143625 PMCID: PMC10153020 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural disasters are complex, global issues that affect people individually, families, and communities, upsetting their emotional wellbeing. This research aims to comprehend the connections between disasters and their effects on mental health. We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis on the effect of disasters on mental health disorders using defined search terms across three major databases. The search technique adhered to the PECO framework. The study locations were dispersed across Asia, Europe, and America. An electronic search was established in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Medline databases. A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out. The I2 statistic was used to explore heterogeneity. In the random-effects analysis, Tau-squared, τ2, or Tau2 evaluates the effects seen between the study variances. Publication bias was examined. The outcomes of the included studies on mental health issues (n = 48,170) brought on by catastrophic disasters were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. The three main mental health illnesses attributed to the disaster catastrophe in most studies were generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depression, substance use, adjustment disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Storms, including cyclones and snowstorms, had an impact on 5,151 individuals. 38,456 people were harmed by flooding, and 4,563 people were affected by the earthquake. The included studies showed prevalence rates for mental health disorders ranging from 5.8% to 87.6%. The prevalence rates were between 2.2% and 84% for anxiety, 3.23% and 52.70% for depression, and 2.6% and 52% for PTSD, respectively. The point effect estimates of studies included the flood, storm/cyclone, and earthquake were 0.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-0.12), 0.18 (95% CI: 0.03-0.32), and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.03-0.27), respectively, which revealed a statistically significant positive effect (p-value: < 0.05) with a narrow 95% CI indicating more precise population estimates. However, the pooled effect estimates were not of a large effect size of 0.129 (95% CI: 0.05-0.20). This study found a link between disaster and poorer outcomes for mental health. The risk of psychological morbidity and fatalities increased with relocation and disruption of essential services. Flooding was the most frequent calamity. The "medium human development countries" were found to have the highest prevalence rate of mental health disorders in our meta-analysis. The "very high human development" and "high human development" nations, however, also had a higher prevalence rate of mental health disorders following catastrophic events. This study could aid in the creation of thorough strategies for the mitigation and avoidance of mental health problems during natural disasters. Increased community resilience, improved access to healthcare services, and a suitable mitigation strategy can all help to improve the situation of the disaster's vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina A Keya
- Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, IND
- Community Medicine, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Bedong, MYS
| | - Anthony Leela
- Community Medicine, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Bedong, MYS
| | - Nasrin Habib
- Physiology, Quest International University, Perak, MYS
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Twiddy M, Trump B, Ramsden S. Understanding the long-term impact of flooding on the wellbeing of residents: A mixed methods study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274890. [PMID: 36137113 PMCID: PMC9499214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As the effects of climate change become more visible, extreme weather events are becoming more common. The effects of flooding on health are understood but the long-term impact on the well-being of those affected need to be considered. This mixed methods secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey examined the extent to which being flooded in the past is associated with ongoing concerns about flooding. Survey data were collected from residents in Hull 11 years after the initial flooding event. Respondents were asked about the floods in 2007 and their current level of concern about flooding. Ordinal logistic regression explored the effect of age and tenancy status as predictors of current concern. Textual data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Responses were received from 457 households, of whom 202 (48%) were affected by flooding in 2007. A fifth of respondents were very concerned about future flooding. Those who were not flooded were significantly less concerned about the risk of future flooding (U = 33391.0, z = 5.89, p < 0.001). Those who reported negative health and wellbeing effects from the floods were significantly more concerned about future flooding than those whose health was not affected (U = 7830.5, z = 4.43, p < 0.001). Whilst some residents were reassured by the introduction of new flood alleviation schemes, others did not feel these were adequate, and worried about the impact of climate change. The financial and emotional impacts of the floods still resonated with families 11 years after the event, with many fearing they would not cope if it happened again. Despite the 2007 floods in Hull happening over a decade ago, many of those affected continue to experience high levels of anxiety when storms are forecast. Residents feel powerless to protect themselves, and many remain unconvinced by the presence of new flood alleviation schemes. However, with the ongoing threat of climate change, it may be that other residents are unrealistic in their expectation to be ‘protected’ from flood events. Therefore, public health agencies need to be able to mobilize organizations to come together to pro-actively support families affected by flooding, to ensure those in need do not fall through the gaps of public healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Twiddy
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical and Applied Health Research, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Brendan Trump
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Ramsden
- Flood Innovation Centre Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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9
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Pirkle LT, Jennings N, Vercammen A, Lawrance EL. Current understanding of the impact of climate change on mental health within UK parliament. Front Public Health 2022; 10:913857. [PMID: 36187615 PMCID: PMC9522908 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.913857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that climate change is linked to adverse mental health outcomes, with both direct and indirect impacts already being felt globally, including within the United Kingdom (UK). With the UK parliament tasked with passing legislation to mitigate against and adapt to climate change, it is well placed to take a lead in implementing policies that reduce the impact of climate change on mental health and even provide mental health benefits (e.g., by increasing access to green space). The extent to which the UK parliament considers the relationship between climate change and mental health in its decision-making was previously unknown. We report, through quantitative thematic analysis of the UK Hansard database, that the UK parliament has only infrequently made links between climate change and mental health. Where links have been made, the primary focus of the speeches were around flooding and anxiety. Key mental health impacts of climate change reported in the academic literature, such as high temperature and suicides, or experiences of eco-anxiety, were found to be missing entirely. Further, policies suggested in UK parliament to minimise the impact of climate change on mental health were focused on pushing adaptation measures such as flood defences rather than climate mitigation, indicating potential missed opportunities for effective policies with co-benefits for tackling climate change and mental health simultaneously. Therefore, this research suggests a need to raise awareness for UK policymakers of the costs of climate inaction on mental health, and potential co-benefits of climate action on mental health. Our results provide insight into where links have and have not been made to date, to inform targeted awareness raising and ultimately equip policymakers to protect the UK from the increasingly large impacts of climate change on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy T. Pirkle
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Jennings
- Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ans Vercammen
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The School of Communication and Arts, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma L. Lawrance
- Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mental Health Innovations, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Abass K, Gyasi RM, Katey D, Frempong F, Garsonu EK. Flood exposure and psychological distress among Ghanaian adults in flood-prone settings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155481. [PMID: 35490804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urban floods have long-term mental health implications, yet this subject remains largely neglected in flood-related studies. This paper examines the psychological distress (PD) of adults exposed to floods in Ghana. Cross-sectional data involving 767 flood-prone community-dwelling household heads aged ≥20 years were analyzed [mean = 47.3 years (SD = 13.7); males = 61.4%]. We used the Exposure to Flood-related Events Scale, and PD was assessed with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions evaluated crude and adjusted associations of flood exposure with PD. The mean scores of PD (37[SD = 8]) and exposure to flood events (6[SD = 3]) significantly varied by age and sex (p < .05). After full adjustment for potential confounders, exposure to flood events was significantly and positively associated with PD index in the total sample (β = 0.030; p < .005), among male participants (β = 0.019; p < .05) and female participants (β = 0.048; p < .001). Furthermore, age-wise analysis revealed significant association of flood exposure with PD in young adults (β = 0.033; p < .001) but not in older adults (β = 0.048; p = .062). Exposure to floods increased the risk of PD. Policy and public health efforts to manage PD should include selective flood reduction interventions, including land use regulations and sustained public education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabila Abass
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Razak M Gyasi
- Aging and Development Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Daniel Katey
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Foster Frempong
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Emmanuel Kofi Garsonu
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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11
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Lawrance EL, Thompson R, Newberry Le Vay J, Page L, Jennings N. The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health and Emotional Wellbeing: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence, and its Implications. Int Rev Psychiatry 2022; 34:443-498. [PMID: 36165756 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2128725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Converging global evidence highlights the dire consequences of climate change for human mental health and wellbeing. This paper summarises literature across relevant disciplines to provide a comprehensive narrative review of the multiple pathways through which climate change interacts with mental health and wellbeing. Climate change acts as a risk amplifier by disrupting the conditions known to support good mental health, including socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions, and living and working conditions. The disruptive influence of rising global temperatures and extreme weather events, such as experiencing a heatwave or water insecurity, compounds existing stressors experienced by individuals and communities. This has deleterious effects on people's mental health and is particularly acute for those groups already disadvantaged within and across countries. Awareness and experiences of escalating climate threats and climate inaction can generate understandable psychological distress; though strong emotional responses can also motivate climate action. We highlight opportunities to support individuals and communities to cope with and act on climate change. Consideration of the multiple and interconnected pathways of climate impacts and their influence on mental health determinants must inform evidence-based interventions. Appropriate action that centres climate justice can reduce the current and future mental health burden, while simultaneously improving the conditions that nurture wellbeing and equality. The presented evidence adds further weight to the need for decisive climate action by decision makers across all scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Lawrance
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, UK.,Mental Health Innovations, UK.,Grantham Institute of Climate and the Environment, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | | | - Lisa Page
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, UK
| | - Neil Jennings
- Grantham Institute of Climate and the Environment, Imperial College London, UK
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12
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Begum TF, Lin Z, Primeau M, Lin S. Assessing short-term and long-term mental health effects among older adults after Hurricane Sandy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153753. [PMID: 35151740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated the long-term effects of disasters on older adults. We examined if older individuals experienced increased mental health (MH) effects immediately and long-term after Hurricane Sandy and if these effects varied by socioeconomic status (SES), disease subtypes, number of comorbidities, and length of stay. METHODS We identified older patients (≥64 years) with hospital admissions and Emergency Department (ED) visits (2001-2015) with primary diagnosis of MH diseases using the New York State discharged data. We quantified both short-term (immediately post-Sandy) and long-term effects (3-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year) following Hurricane Sandy, and used the pre-Sandy period in the affected counties as the control period. Poisson regression was used to compare daily counts of MH cases overall and by multiple strata pre-/post Sandy. FINDINGS Older individuals had significantly increased risk of MH ED visits immediately (32%), and 3-months, 1, 2, and 3-years after Sandy (2%, 9%, 15%, and 10%, respectively). MH hospital admissions did not increase immediately, but significantly increased by 8% a year later. Males and those with low SES had delayed, but increased risks of MH 1-3 years after Sandy (RRs range: 1.14-1.71). The top MH subtypes after Sandy were psychosis, mood disorders, substance abuse, suicide, and anxiety (RRs range: 1.12-2.62). After Sandy, patients with ≥8 comorbidities increased from 15% to >25%, along with their length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION We found long-term adverse effects of MH after Sandy, especially among vulnerable populations, which may help plan future disaster preparedness and recovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoin F Begum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mike Primeau
- Office of Health Emergency Preparedness, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States.
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Massazza A, Ardino V, Fioravanzo RE. Climate change, trauma and mental health in Italy: a scoping review. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:1-16. [PMID: 35432785 PMCID: PMC9009940 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2046374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Climate change is having significant impacts on health and mental health across Europe and globally. Such effects are likely to be more severe in climate change hotspots such as the Mediterranean region, including Italy. Objective To review existing literature on the relationship between climate change and mental health in Italy, with a particular focus on trauma and PTSD. Methods A scoping review methodology was used. We followed guidance for scoping reviews and the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. We searched for literature in MEDLINE, Global Health, Embase and PsycINFO. Following screening, data was extracted from individual papers and a quality assessment was conducted. Given the heterogeneity of studies, findings were summarized narratively. Results We identified 21 original research articles investigating the relationship between climate change and mental health in Italy. Climate change stressors (heat and heatwaves in particular) were found to have several negative effects on various mental health outcomes, such as a higher risk of mortality among people with mental health conditions, suicide and suicidal behaviour and psychiatric morbidity (e.g. psychiatric hospitalization and symptoms of mental health conditions). However, there is little research on the relationship between climate change and trauma or PTSD in the Italian context. Conclusions More attention and resources should be directed towards understanding the mental health implications of climate change to prevent, promote, and respond to the mental health needs of Italy and the wider Mediterranean region. HIGHLIGHTS • Climate change stressors in Italy were found to have detrimental impacts on various mental health outcomes, such as psychiatric mortality and morbidity. • Little research on the relationship between climate change stressors and PTSD exists in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Massazza
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Vittoria Ardino
- Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
- Italian Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, Milan, Italy
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14
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Andrade MV, Noronha KVMDS, Santos AS, de Souza A, Guedes GR, Campolina B, Cavalcante A, Magalhães AS, Duarte D, Kind P. Estimation of Health-Related Quality of Life Losses Owing to a Technological Disaster in Brazil Using EQ-5D-3L: A Cross-Sectional Study. Value Health Reg Issues 2021; 26:66-74. [PMID: 34119775 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 2015, a dam collapsed at Samarco iron ore mine in the municipality of Mariana, Brazil, and contaminated more than 600 km of watercourses and destroyed almost 1600 acres of vegetation. Nineteen people died and more than 600 families lost their homes. This study aimed to estimate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) losses owing to this disaster. METHODS We collected data from a probabilistic sample of 459 individuals aged 15 years or older. Household face-to-face interviews were conducted in December 2018. Pre-event data were not available for this population, so respondents were asked to evaluate at present and in retrospect their health status using EQ-5D-3L. The Minas Gerais societal value sets for EQ-5D-3L health preferences, estimated in 2011, were used to calculate utility losses. The health loss estimation from EQ-5D will form the basis for the calculation of compensation payments for the victims. RESULTS Approximately 74% of the study population suffered some HRQoL loss. On average, EQ-5D index values decreased from 0.95 to 0.76. The greatest effects were observed for the anxiety/depression dimension, followed by pain/discomfort. Before the tragedy, the proportion of individuals with severe anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort was equal to 1% rising to 23% and 11%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Catastrophic losses owing to the Samarco disaster were found. The EQ-5D-3L instrument showed feasibility and sensitiveness to measure HRQoL losses owing to a negative health shock in a low-income Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Viegas Andrade
- Department of Economics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | | | - André Soares Santos
- Center for Development and Regional Planning, Department of Economics and Center for Health Technology Assessment of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Teaching Hospital, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aline de Souza
- Department of Economics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Ramalho Guedes
- Department of Demography, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Campolina
- Department of Economics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anderson Cavalcante
- Department of Economics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aline Souza Magalhães
- Department of Economics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Denise Duarte
- Department of Economics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paul Kind
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, UK
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Weilnhammer V, Schmid J, Mittermeier I, Schreiber F, Jiang L, Pastuhovic V, Herr C, Heinze S. Extreme weather events in europe and their health consequences - A systematic review. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 233:113688. [PMID: 33530011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to climate change, the frequency, intensity and severity of extreme weather events, such as heat waves, cold waves, storms, heavy precipitation causing wildfires, floods, and droughts are increasing, which could adversely affect human health. The purpose of this systematic review is therefore to assess the current literature about the association between these extreme weather events and their impact on the health of the European population. METHODS Observational studies published from January 1, 2007 to May 17, 2020 on health effects of extreme weather events in Europe were searched systematically in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The exposures of interest included extreme temperature, heat waves, cold waves, droughts, floods, storms and wildfires. The health impacts included total mortality, cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, respiratory mortality and morbidity, and mental health. We conducted the systematic review following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis). The quality of the included studies was assessed using the NICE quality appraisal checklist (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence). RESULTS The search yielded 1472 articles, of which 35 met the inclusion criteria and were included in our review. Studies regarding five extreme weather events (extreme heat events, extreme cold events, wildfires, floods, droughts) were found. A positive association between extreme heat/cold events and overall, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality was reported from most studies. Wildfires are likely to increase the overall and cardiovascular mortality. Floods might be associated with the deterioration of mental health instead of mortality. Depending on their length, droughts could have an influence on both respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. Contradictory evidence was found in heat-associated morbidity and wildfire-associated respiratory mortality. The associations are inconclusive due to the heterogeneous study designs, study quality, exposure and outcome assessment. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from most of the included studies showed that extreme heat and cold events, droughts, wildfires and floods in Europe have negative impacts on human health including mental health, although some of the associations are not conclusive. Additional high-quality studies are needed to confirm our results and further studies regarding the effects of other extreme weather events in Europe are to be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Weilnhammer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany.
| | - Jonas Schmid
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany; TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Isabella Mittermeier
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany
| | - Fabian Schreiber
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany
| | - Linmiao Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE) at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Vedran Pastuhovic
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE) at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Herr
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany; Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Clinical Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heinze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Germany; Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Clinical Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, Germany
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Cruz J, White PCL, Bell A, Coventry PA. Effect of Extreme Weather Events on Mental Health: A Narrative Synthesis and Meta-Analysis for the UK. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8581. [PMID: 33227944 PMCID: PMC7699288 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and severity as a consequence of climate change and pose a significant threat to population mental health. This is the case even in temperate regions such as the United Kingdom (UK) where flooding and heat waves are forecast to become more common. We conducted a systematic review to quantify the prevalence and describe the causes of common mental health problems in populations exposed to extreme weather events in the UK. We searched Web of Science, EMBASE and PsycINFO for studies that measured the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in populations exposed to extreme weather events in the UK, published up to 12 December 2019. We included 17 studies, four of which were included in meta-analyses to determine the point prevalence of common mental health problems in the period within 12 months following extreme weather events. The point prevalence was 19.8% for anxiety (k = 4; n = 1458; 95% CI 7.42 to 32.15), 21.35% for depression (k = 4; n = 1458; 95% CI 9.04 to 33.65) and 30.36% for PTSD (k = 4; n = 1359; 95% CI 11.68 to 49.05). Key factors that affected mental ill health in people exposed to flooding were water depth and absence of flood warnings. Displacement from home underscored the narratives associated with people's perceptions of the impact of flooding. The high prevalence of common mental health problems suggests that the prevention of mental ill health in populations at risk or exposed to extreme weather events should be a UK public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Cruz
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5NG, UK;
| | - Piran C. L. White
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5NG, UK;
- Interdisciplinary Global Development Centre, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrew Bell
- Centre for Mental Health, 90 London Road, London SE1 6LN, UK;
| | - Peter A. Coventry
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;
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Robin C, Beck C, Armstrong B, Waite TD, Rubin GJ, Oliver I. Impact of flooding on health-related quality of life in England: results from the National Study of Flooding and Health. Eur J Public Health 2020; 30:942-948. [PMID: 32227174 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flooding can have extensive effects on the health and wellbeing of affected communities. The impact of flooding on psychological morbidity has been established; however, the wider impacts of flooding exposure, including on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), have not been described. METHODS Using data from the English National Study of Flooding and Health cohort, HRQoL 2 and 3 years post-flooding was assessed with the EuroQol Group EQ-5D-5L tool. Associations between exposure groups (flooding and disruption from flooding) and HRQoL were assessed, using ordinal and linear regression, adjusting for a priori confounders. RESULTS For both 2 and 3 years post-flooding, the median HRQoL scores were lower in the flooded and disrupted groups, compared with unaffected respondents. A higher proportion of flooded and disrupted respondents reported HRQoL problems in most dimensions of the EQ-5D-5L, compared with unaffected respondents. In year 2, independent associations between exposure to flooding and experiencing anxiety/depression [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.7; 95% CI 4.6-13.5], problems with usual activities (aOR 5.3; 95% CI 2.5-11.9) and pain/discomfort (aOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.5-3.9) were identified. These problems persisted 3 years post-flooding; associations between exposure to flooding and experiencing anxiety/depression (aOR 4.3; 95% CI 2.5-7.7), problems with usual activities (aOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.5-6.1) and pain/discomfort (aOR 2.5; 95% CI 1.5-4.2) were identified. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to flooding and disruption from flooding significantly reduces HRQoL. These findings extend our knowledge of the impacts of flooding on health, with implications for multi-agency emergency response and recovery plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Robin
- Field Epidemiology, Field Service, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Bristol, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Charles Beck
- Field Epidemiology, Field Service, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Bristol, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ben Armstrong
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change and Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - G James Rubin
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Isabel Oliver
- Field Epidemiology, Field Service, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Bristol, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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