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Li C, Xia Y, Zhang Y. Relationship between subjective well-being and depressive disorders: Novel findings of cohort variations and demographic heterogeneities. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1022643. [PMID: 36704672 PMCID: PMC9872016 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1022643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper uses a large-scale nationally representative dataset, the Chinese General Social Survey, to examine the relationship between subjective well-being and depressive disorders. Statistical results indicate that higher levels of subjective well-being help decrease perceived depression. Robustness checks are carried out using different types of explanatory and dependent variables, various regression models, penalized machine learning methods, instrumental variable approaches, and placebo tests, all of which lend further credence to the above findings. Based on it, heterogeneities in the relationship between subjective well-being and self-rated mental disorders are explored. In respect of variations in age cohorts, it is found that the absolute values of happiness's estimated coefficients are smaller in the 20-30 and 30-40 age groups, while that in the 40-50 age group increase substantially. In older cohorts, the estimates remain at higher levels while fluctuating to some degree. Furthermore, the significantly negative interaction between happiness and age proves that age amplifies subjective well-being's effect on perceived depressive disorders. With age increasing, the impact of happiness on reducing perceived depression tends to be stronger. Therefore, for older people, subjective well-being plays a more important role in suppressing self-rated depression. Heterogeneities of the relationship between happiness and perceived depressive disorders in subgroups with different demographic characteristics are also investigated. It is found that the negative correlation between subjective well-being and self-rated depression is stronger among those with higher educational levels, living in urban areas, being members of the Communist Party of China, having pensions, and owning more housing assets. However, gender, ethnic identity, religious belief, and marital status exert no significant moderating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Business School, Shandong University, Weihai, China,*Correspondence: Chao Li, ✉
| | - Yuxin Xia
- HSBC Business School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- HSBC Business School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
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Bi K, Chen S, Yip PSF, Sun P. Domains of life satisfaction and perceived health and incidence of chronic illnesses and hospitalization: evidence from a large population-based Chinese cohort. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1703. [PMID: 36076190 PMCID: PMC9454222 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global life satisfaction has been consistently linked to physical health. A deeper and culturally nuanced understanding of which domains of satisfaction may be responsible for this association has implications for developing novel, scalable, and targeted interventions to improve physical health at the population level. Objectives This cohort study draws participants from the China Family Panel Studies (CPFS), a nationally representative cohort of 10,044 Chinese adults to assess the independent associations between three important domains of life satisfaction (and their changes) and indicators of physical health. Results A total of 10,044 participants were included in the primary analysis (4,475 female [44.6%]; mean [SD] age, 46.2 [12.1] years). Higher baseline levels of satisfaction with job, marriage, and medical services were independently associated with better perceived physical health (0.04 < β values < 0.12). Above and beyond their baseline levels, increases in satisfaction with job, marriage, and medical services were independently associated with better perceived physical health (0.04 < β values < 0.13). On the contrary, only higher baseline levels of and increases in satisfaction with marriage showed prospective associations with lower odds of incidence of chronic health condition and hospitalization (0.84 < ORs < 0.91). Conclusions These findings provide policymakers and interventionists interested in leveraging psychological health assets with rich information to rank variables and develop novel interventions aimed at improving wellbeing at the population level. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14119-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Bi
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuquan Chen
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Paul S F Yip
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Jockey Club Center for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Michalski CA, Diemert LM, Hurst M, Goel V, Rosella LC. Is life satisfaction associated with future mental health service use? An observational population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e050057. [PMID: 35487704 PMCID: PMC9058709 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prospective association between life satisfaction and future mental health service use in: (1) hospital/emergency department, and (2) outpatient settings. DESIGN AND SETTING Population-based cohort study of adults from Ontario, Canada. Baseline data were captured through pooled cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 2005-2014) and linked to health administrative data for up to 5 years of follow-up. PARTICIPANTS 131 809 Ontarians aged 18 years and older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The number of mental health-related visits in (1) hospitals/emergency department and (2) outpatient settings within 5 years of follow-up. RESULTS Poisson regression models were used to estimate rate ratios in each setting, adjusting for sociodemographic measures, history of mental health-related visits, and health behaviours. In the hospital/emergency setting, compared to those most satisfied with life, those with the poorest satisfaction exhibited a rate ratio of 3.71 (95% CI 2.14 to 6.45) for future visits. In the outpatient setting, this same comparison group exhibited a rate ratio of 1.83 (95% CI 1.42 to 2.37). When the joint effects of household income were considered, compared with the highest income and most satisfied individuals, the least satisfied and lowest income individuals exhibited the highest rate ratio in the hospital/emergency setting at 11.25 (95% CI 5.32 to 23.80) whereas in the outpatient setting, the least satisfied and highest income individuals exhibited the highest rate ratio at 3.33 (95% CI 1.65 to 6.70). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that life satisfaction is a risk factor for future mental health visits. This study contributes to an evidence base connecting positive well-being with health system outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla A Michalski
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori M Diemert
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mack Hurst
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Populations and Public Health, ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivek Goel
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura C Rosella
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Populations and Public Health, ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Oliveira TL, Santos CM, Miranda LDP, Nery MLF, Caldeira AP. [Factors associated with the cost of hospitalization for diseases sensitive to Primary Care in the Unified Health System]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:4541-4552. [PMID: 34730642 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320212610.10862021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this article is to identify the factors associated with the costs of hospital admissions for Conditions Sensitive to Primary Care (CSPC) in the Unified Health System (SUS). It involved a cross-sectional, analytical study with random samples of hospitalizations in the SUS over the period of two years. The distribution of costs and the duration of 414 hospitalizations were evaluated according to sex, age group and CSPC. The high cost had a prevalence of 37.8% and was associated with being over 40 years of age and unmarried, with an income below 1.5 minimum wages, hospitalization longer than 7 days and admission to the ICU. The average period of hospitalizations was 9.35 days, and the average cost was R$3,606.09. The hospitalization of youths had a cost/day of R$207.08, while for the elderly the cost/day was R$399.53. Men had a higher prevalence of hospitalizations and were responsible for the elevated average cost of hospitalization. Cardiac, pulmonary, and cerebrovascular diseases were prevalent, and cardiac diseases were responsible for the highest cost of hospitalization. These results point to the urgent need to bolster Primary Health Care, with constant monitoring of these diseases, thereby ensuring that available resources are sufficient to treat them, without the need for hospitalization and unnecessary expenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thatiane Lopes Oliveira
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais. R. Prof. Monteiro Fonseca 216, Vila Brasilia. 39400-149 Montes Claros MG Brasil.
| | | | | | | | - Antônio Prates Caldeira
- Departamento de Saúde da Mulher e da Criança, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Montes Claros MG Brasil
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Ziv A, Schellekens JJ. Are Israelis becoming healthier? Trends in self-rated health, 2002-2018. Isr J Health Policy Res 2020; 9:49. [PMID: 33239084 PMCID: PMC7690198 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-020-00409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Life expectancy at birth in Israel is steadily increasing. This raises the question whether Israelis are becoming healthier. The purpose of this study is to estimate trends in morbidity and to try to explain what causes morbidity levels to change. Methods We used 17 years of repeated cross-sectional data from the Social Survey to estimate trends in self-rated health. We used regression models to explain the trends in self-rated health that were observed from 2002 to 2018. Results Four major findings emerged. First, morbidity as measured by self-rated health has declined. Second, gains in educational attainment do not explain the decline in morbidity. Third, the rise in national expenditure on health per capita is strongly correlated with the decline in morbidity. And fourth, the effect of the national expenditure on health per capita appears to be stronger among women and among those without an academic degree. Conclusions Self-rated health has improved. However, it has not improved to the same extent for all Israelis. The results of this study show that the health of women has improved more than that of men and that the health of non-academics has improved more than that of academics. The latter suggests that the progressive effect of public financing has offset the regressive effect of out-of-pocket payments on self-rated health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Ziv
- University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - J Jona Schellekens
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, 91905, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Lumme S, Manderbacka K, Arffman M, Karvonen S, Keskimaki I. Cumulative social disadvantage and hospitalisations due to ambulatory care-sensitive conditions in Finland in 2011─2013: a register study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038338. [PMID: 32847920 PMCID: PMC7451287 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the interplay between several indicators of social disadvantage and hospitalisations due to ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSC) in 2011─2013. To evaluate whether the accumulation of preceding social disadvantage in one point of time or prolongation of social disadvantage had an effect on hospitalisations due to ACSCs. Four common indicators of disadvantage are examined: living alone, low level of education, poverty and unemployment. DESIGN A population-based register study. SETTING Nationwide individual-level register data on hospitalisations due to ACSCs for the years 2011-2013 and preceding data on social and socioeconomic factors for the years 2006─2010. PARTICIPANTS Finnish residents aged 45 or older on 1 January 2011. OUTCOME MEASURE Hospitalisations due to ACSCs in 2011-2013. The effect of accumulation of preceding disadvantage in one point of time and its prolongation on ACSCs was studied using modified Poisson regression. RESULTS People with preceding cumulative social disadvantage were more likely to be hospitalised due to ACSCs. The most hazardous combination was simultaneously living alone, low level of education and poverty among the middle-aged individuals (aged 45-64 years) and the elderly (over 64 years). Risk ratio (RR) of being hospitalised due to ACSC was 3.16 (95% CI 3.03-3.29) among middle-aged men and 3.54 (3.36-3.73) among middle-aged women compared with individuals without any of these risk factors when controlling for age and residential area. For the elderly, the RR was 1.61 (1.57-1.66) among men and 1.69 (1.64-1.74) among women. CONCLUSIONS To improve social equity in healthcare, it is important to recognise not only patients with cumulative disadvantage but also-as this study shows-patients with particular combinations of disadvantage who may be more susceptible. The identification of these vulnerable patient groups is also necessary to reduce the use of more expensive treatment in specialised healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lumme
- Department of Health and Social Care Systems, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Manderbacka
- Department of Health and Social Care Systems, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Martti Arffman
- Department of Health and Social Care Systems, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Sakari Karvonen
- Department of Health and Social Care Systems, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Ilmo Keskimaki
- Department of Health and Social Care Systems, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
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