1
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Yang L, Zeng T, Li Y, Guo Q, Jiang D. Poor immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1329607. [PMID: 38756945 PMCID: PMC11096495 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1329607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The safety and efficacy of vaccination in people with hypertension (HTN) is important. There are currently a few data on the immunogenicity and safety of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in hypertension patients. Methods After receiving a two-dose immunization, 94 hypertension adult patients and 74 healthy controls (HCs) in this study, the evaluation included looking at antibodies (Abs) against receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), RBD-specific B cells, and memory B cells (MBCs). Results There was no discernible difference in the overall adverse events (AEs) over the course of 7 or 30 days between HTN patients and HCs. HTN patients had lower frequencies of RBD-specific memory B cells and the seropositivity rates and titers of Abs compared with HCs (all, p < 0.05). HTN patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions (CCVD) have lower titers of CoV-2 NAb than in HCs. The titers of both Abs in HTN declined gradually over time. Conclusion Inactivated COVID-19 vaccinations were safe in hypertension patients; however humoral immune was limited, especially merged CCVD and declined gradually over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - TingTing Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Guo
- Department of General and Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - DePeng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Meng H, Wang Y, Zhai Y, Luo W, Wang Y, Hu Y, Liu S, Xiao W, Yang G, Ye F, Chen S, Jie Y, Chen YQ. Unveiling the micronutrient-immunity puzzle in inactivated COVID-19 vaccination: A comprehensive analysis of circulating micronutrient levels and humoral responses in healthy adults. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29611. [PMID: 38639305 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
While micronutrients are crucial for immune function, their impact on humoral responses to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination remains unclear. We investigated the associations between seven key micronutrients and antibody responses in 44 healthy adults with two doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Blood samples were collected pre-vaccination and 28 days post-booster. We measured circulating minerals (iron, zinc, copper, and selenium) and vitamins (A, D, and E) concentrations alongside antibody responses and assessed their associations using linear regression analyses. Our analysis revealed inverse associations between blood iron and zinc concentrations and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody binding affinity (AUC for iron: β = -258.21, p < 0.0001; zinc: β = -17.25, p = 0.0004). Notably, antibody quality presented complex relationships. Blood selenium was positively associated (β = 18.61, p = 0.0030), while copper/selenium ratio was inversely associated (β = -1.36, p = 0.0055) with the neutralizing ability against SARS-CoV-2 virus at a 1:10 plasma dilution. There was no significant association between circulating micronutrient concentrations and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG binding affinity. These findings suggest that circulating iron, zinc, and selenium concentrations and copper/selenium ratio, may serve as potential biomarkers for both quantity (binding affinity) and quality (neutralization) of humoral responses after inactivated COVID-19 vaccination. Furthermore, they hint at the potential of pre-vaccination dietary interventions, such as selenium supplementation, to improve vaccine efficacy. However, larger, diverse studies are needed to validate these findings. This research advances the understanding of the impact of micronutrients on vaccine response, offering the potential for personalized vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicui Meng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yin Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanmei Zhai
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanyu Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunqi Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sizhe Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weimin Xiao
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guowu Yang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Ye
- The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shifeng Chen
- The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Jie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
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3
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Lavell AHA, Schramade AE, Sikkens JJ, van der Straten K, van Dort KA, Slim MA, Appelman B, van Vught LA, Vlaar APJ, Kootstra NA, van Gils MJ, Smulders YM, de Jongh RT, Bomers MK. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations do not affect the humoral or cellular immune response following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations. Vaccine 2024; 42:1478-1486. [PMID: 37775466 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, it is important to identify factors that influence the immune response induced by vaccination. Evidence for the role of vitamin D in immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is contradictory. It is therefore of interest whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations affect the humoral and/or cellular response following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, blood samples were collected from 98 SARS-CoV-2 naive health care workers (HCW) receiving the first two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in 2021. Wild-type spike (S) protein binding and neutralizing antibodies were determined approximately three weeks after the first dose and four to five weeks after the second dose. Antigen specific T-cells and functionality (proliferative response and interferon gamma [IFN-γ] release) were determined in 18 participants four weeks after the second dose of BNT162b2. We studied the association between 25(OH)D concentrations, which were determined prior to vaccination, and humoral and cellular immune responses following vaccination. RESULTS We found no association between 25(OH)D concentrations (median 55.9 nmol/L [IQR 40.5-69.8]) and binding or neutralizing antibody titers after complete vaccination (fold change of antibody titers per 10 nmol/L 25(OH)D increase: 0.98 [95% CI 0.93-1.04] and 1.03 [95% CI: 0.96-1.11], respectively), adjusted for age, sex and type of mRNA vaccine. Subsequently, continuous 25(OH)D concentrations were divided into commonly used clinical categories (<25 nmol/L [n = 6, 6%], 25-49 nmol/L [n = 33, 34%], 50-75 nmol/L [n = 37, 38%] and ≥75 nmol/L [n = 22, 22%]), but no association with the humoral immune response following vaccination was found. Also, 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response. CONCLUSION No association was found between 25(OH)D concentrations and the humoral or cellular immune response following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Based on our findings there is no rationale to advise vitamin D optimization preceding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in HCW with moderate vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H A Lavell
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A E Schramade
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J J Sikkens
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K van der Straten
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K A van Dort
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - M A Slim
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B Appelman
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - L A van Vught
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A P J Vlaar
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - N A Kootstra
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - M J van Gils
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Y M Smulders
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R T de Jongh
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M K Bomers
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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4
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Berry AA, Tjaden AH, Renteria J, Friedman-Klabanoff D, Hinkelman AN, Gibbs MA, Ahmed A, Runyon MS, Schieffelin J, Santos RP, Oberhelman R, Bott M, Correa A, Edelstein SL, Uschner D, Wierzba TF. Persistence of antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccines among participants in the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100371. [PMID: 37649617 PMCID: PMC10462856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction High levels of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the community correlate with protection from COVID-19 illness. Measuring COVID-19 antibody seroprevalence and persistence may elucidate the level and length of protection afforded by vaccination and infection within a population. Methods We measured the duration of detectable anti-spike antibodies following COVID-19 vaccination in a multistate, longitudinal cohort study of almost 13,000 adults who completed daily surveys and submitted monthly dried blood spots collected at home. Results Overall, anti-spike antibodies persisted up to 284 days of follow-up with seroreversion occurring in only 2.4% of the study population. In adjusted analyses, risk of seroreversion increased with age (adults aged 55-64: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.19 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22, 3.92] and adults aged > 65: aHR 3.59 [95% CI: 2.07, 6.20] compared to adults aged 18-39). Adults with diabetes had a higher risk of seroreversion versus nondiabetics (aHR 1.77 [95% CI: 1.29, 2.44]). Decreased risk of seroreversion was shown for non-Hispanic Black versus non-Hispanic White (aHR 0.32 [95% CI: 0.13, 0.79]); college degree earners versus no college degree (aHR 0.61 [95% CI: 0.46, 0.81]); and those who received Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine versus Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 (aHR 0.35 [95% CI: 0.26, 0.47]). An interaction between healthcare worker occupation and sex was detected, with seroreversion increased among male, non-healthcare workers. Conclusion We established that a remote, longitudinal, multi-site study can reliably detect antibody durability following COVID-19 vaccination. The survey platform and measurement of antibody response using at-home collection at convenient intervals allowed us to explore sociodemographic factors and comorbidities and identify predictors of antibody persistence, which has been demonstrated to correlate with protection against disease. Our findings may help inform public health interventions and policies to protect those at highest risk for severe illness and assist in determining the optimal timing of booster doses.Clinical trials registry: NCT04342884.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A. Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley H. Tjaden
- The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jone Renteria
- The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - DeAnna Friedman-Klabanoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy N. Hinkelman
- Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - John Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Richard Oberhelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew Bott
- The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Sharon L. Edelstein
- The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Diane Uschner
- The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas F. Wierzba
- Section on Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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5
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Fedele G, Schiavoni I, Trentini F, Leone P, Olivetta E, Fallucca A, Fiore S, Di Martino A, Abrignani S, Baldo V, Baldovin T, Bandera A, Clerici P, De Paschale M, Diaco F, Domnich A, Fortunato F, Giberti I, Gori A, Grifantini R, Lazzarotto T, Lodi V, Mastroianni CM, Prato R, Restivo V, Vitale F, Brusaferro S, Merler S, Palamara AT, Stefanelli P. A 12-month follow-up of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 primary vaccination: evidence from a real-world study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1272119. [PMID: 38077369 PMCID: PMC10698351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1272119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A real-world population-based longitudinal study, aimed at determining the magnitude and duration of immunity induced by different types of vaccines against COVID-19, started in 2021 by enrolling a cohort of 2,497 individuals at time of their first vaccination. The study cohort included both healthy adults aged ≤65 years and elderly subjects aged >65 years with two or more co-morbidities. Here, patterns of anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cell-mediated specific immune response, assessed on 1,182 remaining subjects, at 6 (T6) and 12 months (T12) after the first vaccine dose, are described. At T12 median anti-Spike IgG antibody levels were increased compared to T6. The determinants of increased anti-Spike IgG were the receipt of a third vaccine dose between T6 and T12 and being positive for anti-Nucleocapside IgG at T12, a marker of recent infection, while age had no significant effect. The capacity of T12 sera to neutralize in vitro the ancestral B strain and the Omicron BA.5 variant was assessed in a subgroup of vaccinated subjects. A correlation between anti-S IgG levels and sera neutralizing capacity was identified and higher neutralizing capacity was evident in healthy adults compared to frail elderly subjects and in those who were positive for anti-Nucleocapside IgG at T12. Remarkably, one third of T12 sera from anti-Nucleocapside IgG negative older individuals were unable to neutralize the BA.5 variant strain. Finally, the evaluation of T-cell mediated immunity showed that most analysed subjects, independently from age and comorbidity, displayed Spike-specific responses with a high degree of polyfunctionality, especially in the CD8 compartment. In conclusion, vaccinated subjects had high levels of circulating antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein 12 months after the primary vaccination, which increased as compared to T6. The enhancing effect could be attributable to the administration of a third vaccine dose but also to the occurrence of breakthrough infection. Older individuals, especially those who were anti-Nucleocapside IgG negative, displayed an impaired capacity to neutralize the BA.5 variant strain. Spike specific T-cell responses, able to sustain immunity and maintain the ability to fight the infection, were present in most of older and younger subjects assayed at T12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Schiavoni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Trentini
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
- Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Leone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Olivetta
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fallucca
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Martino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Baldo
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Applied Microbiology, Hygiene and Public Health Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tatjana Baldovin
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Applied Microbiology, Hygiene and Public Health Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Clerici
- Microbiology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Ovest Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo De Paschale
- Microbiology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Ovest Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana Diaco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexander Domnich
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, and Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Fortunato
- Hygiene Unit, Policlinico Riuniti Foggia Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Irene Giberti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, and Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Microbiology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Ovest Milanese, Milan, Italy
- II Division of Infectious Diseases, "Luigi Sacco" Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Grifantini
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lazzarotto
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lodi
- Occupational Health Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Prato
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, and Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Restivo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitale
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Merler
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Marumo Y, Yoshida T, Furukawa Y, Ina K, Kamiya A, Kataoka T, Kayukawa S. Serological response 5 months after the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in patients with various hematological disorders in Japan. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2023; 12:319-327. [PMID: 38025915 PMCID: PMC10655153 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2023.12.4.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients with hematological malignancies are at an increased risk of severe infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, developing an adequate immune response after vaccination is difficult, especially in patients with lymphoid neoplasms. Since the long-term effects of the BNT162b2 vaccine are unclear, the humoral immune response 5 months after the two vaccinations in patients with hematological disorders was analyzed. Materials and Methods Samples were collected from 96 patients vaccinated twice with BNT162b2 and treated with at least one line of an antitumor or immunosuppressive drug in our hospital from November 2021 to February 2022. Serum anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) antibody titers were analyzed. Patients were age- and sex-matched using propensity matching and compared with a healthy control group. Patients with serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were defined as 'responder' if >50 U/mL. The patients had B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), multiple myeloma, chronic myeloid leukemia, etc. Results Patients had significantly low antibody levels (median, 55.3 U/mL vs. 809.8 U/mL; p<0.001) and a significantly low response rate (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that patients with B-NHL, aged >72 years, were associated with a low response to vaccination. There were no significant differences between patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and healthy controls. Conclusion Our study shows that patients with hematological disorders are at risk of developing severe COVID-19 infections because of low responsiveness to vaccination. Moreover, the rate of antibody positivity differed between the disease groups. Further studies are warranted to determine an appropriate preventive method for these patients, especially those with B-NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Marumo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Furukawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Ina
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shinseikai Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kamiya
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takae Kataoka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kayukawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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7
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Kofahi HM, Badran BR, Nimer RM, Atoom AM, Al Hersh SM. Exploring the Effects of Vitamin D and Vitamin A Levels on the Response to COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1509. [PMID: 37766185 PMCID: PMC10535137 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines were developed at an unprecedented speed in history. The factors affecting the response to COVID-19 vaccines are not clear. Herein, the effects of vitamin D and vitamin A (retinol) levels on the response to the BNT162b2 vaccine were explored. A total of 124 vaccine recipients were recruited from the general population attending vaccination centers in Irbid, Jordan. Blood samples were collected immediately before receiving the first vaccine dose (D0) and three weeks later (D21). Baseline (D0) levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], retinol, and SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG antibodies were measured with ELISA. The response to the BNT162b2 vaccine was tested by measuring the levels and avidity of SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG antibodies on D21. The participants were divided into two groups, unexposed and exposed, based on the D0 SARS-CoV-2 antibody results. No significant correlation was found between the levels of 25(OH)D or retinol and the levels, avidity, or fold increase of antibodies in both groups. Similarly, no significant difference in antibody response was found between 25(OH)D status groups, retinol status groups, or combined status groups. These findings show that the baseline vitamin D or vitamin A levels have no effect on the short-term response to a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M. Kofahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (B.R.B.); (R.M.N.); (S.M.A.H.)
| | - Baha’ R. Badran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (B.R.B.); (R.M.N.); (S.M.A.H.)
| | - Refat M. Nimer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (B.R.B.); (R.M.N.); (S.M.A.H.)
| | - Ali M. Atoom
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan;
| | - Shefa’ M. Al Hersh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (B.R.B.); (R.M.N.); (S.M.A.H.)
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8
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Meyers E, De Smet E, Vercruysse H, Callens S, Padalko E, Heytens S, Vandekerckhove L, Cools P, Witkowski W. No Significant Association between 25-OH Vitamin D Status and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response after COVID-19 Vaccination in Nursing Home Residents and Staff. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1343. [PMID: 37631911 PMCID: PMC10458709 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for various physiological functions, including immunity. While it has been suggested that higher vitamin D levels/supplementation are associated with a better immune response to COVID-19 vaccination, conflicting data exist. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) deficiency/supplementation, and SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses post-vaccination in nursing home residents (NHRs) and staff (NHS). Blood samples were collected from 115 NHRs and 254 NHS at baseline and 14 days after primary course BNT162b2 vaccination. Baseline samples were assessed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, while follow-up samples were analyzed for spike protein S1 receptor-binding domain (S1RBD) IgG antibody concentrations and 50% pseudoneutralization titers. Vitamin D supplementation status was obtained from NHRs medical records. We compared immune responses between (severe) vitamin D-deficient and -sufficient NHRs/NHS and between supplemented and non-supplemented NHRs, stratified for history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and participant type. No significant differences in either binding or neutralizing COVID-19 vaccine antibody response were found between groups. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was 45% (95% CI: 36-54%) among NHRs and 60% (95% CI: 54-66%) among NHS. Although we showed that vitamin D status may not be related to a better COVID-19 vaccine antibody response, addressing the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the nursing home population remains important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Meyers
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.M.)
| | - Evelien De Smet
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Steven Callens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elizaveta Padalko
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.M.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Heytens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piet Cools
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.M.)
| | - Wojciech Witkowski
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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He YF, Ouyang J, Hu XD, Wu N, Jiang ZG, Bian N, Wang J. Correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:892-918. [PMID: 37383586 PMCID: PMC10294060 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the current global public health threats and vaccination is the most effective tool to reduce the spread and decrease the severity of COVID-19. Diabetes is one of the important chronic diseases threatening human health and is a common comorbidity of COVID-19. What is the impact of diabetes on the immunization effect of COVID-19 vaccination? Conversely, does vaccination against COVID-19 exacerbate the severity of pre-existing diseases in patients with diabetes? There are limited and conflicting data on the interrelationship between diabetes and COVID-19 vaccination.
AIM To explore the clinical factors and possible mechanisms underlying the interaction between COVID-19 vaccination and diabetes.
METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Reference Citation Analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com) online databases, and medRxiv and bioRxiv gray literature using the keywords "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19", "vaccine", "vaccination", "antibody", and "diabetes" individually or in combination, with a cut-off date of December 2, 2022. We followed inclusion and exclusion criteria and after excluding duplicate publications, studies with quantifiable evidence were included in the full-text review, plus three manually searched publications, resulting in 54 studies being included in this review.
RESULTS A total of 54 studies were included, from 17 countries. There were no randomized controlled studies. The largest sample size was 350963. The youngest of the included samples was 5 years old and the oldest was 98 years old. The included population included the general population and also some special populations with pediatric diabetes, hemodialysis, solid organ transplantation, and autoimmune diseases. The earliest study began in November 2020. Thirty studies discussed the effect of diabetes on vaccination, with the majority indicating that diabetes reduces the response to COVID-19 vaccination. The other 24 studies were on the effect of vaccination on diabetes, which included 18 case reports/series. Most of the studies concluded that COVID-19 vaccination had a risk of causing elevated blood glucose. A total of 12 of the 54 included studies indicated a "no effect" relationship between diabetes and vaccination.
CONCLUSION There is a complex relationship between vaccination and diabetes with a bidirectional effect. Vaccination may contribute to the risk of worsening blood glucose in diabetic patients and diabetic patients may have a lower antibody response after vaccination than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei He
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Casualty Management Section, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ni Wu
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ning Bian
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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10
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Deng Y, Huang L, Liu P, Geng X, Lin Z, Zheng Z, Zhan M, Zhang Z, Liu J, Sun T. Association of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E) status with humoral immune response to COVID-19 inactivated vaccination. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1167920. [PMID: 37260517 PMCID: PMC10227435 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1167920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E) are essential for the proper functioning of the immune system and are of central importance for infection risk in humans. Vitamins A, D, and E have been reported to be associated with the immune response following vaccination; however, their effects on the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination remain unknown. Methods We measured the neutralizing antibody titers against wild type and omicron within 98 days after the third homologous boosting shot of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac) in 141 healthy adults in a prospective, open-label study. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy was used to determine the concentrations of plasma vitamins A, D, and E. Results We found that the anti-wide-type virus and anti-omicron variant antibody levels significantly increased compared with baseline antibody levels (P < 0.001) after the third vaccination. 25(OH)D3 was significantly negatively associated with the baseline anti-wide-type virus antibody concentrations [beta (95% CI) = -0.331 (-0.659 ~ -0.003)] after adjusting for covariates. A potentially similar association was also observed on day 98 after the third vaccination [beta (95% CI) = -0.317 (-0.641 ~ 0.007)]. After adjusting for covariates, we also found that 25(OH)D3 was significantly negatively associated with the seropositivity of the anti-omicron variant antibody at day 98 after the third vaccination [OR (95% CI) = 0.940 (0.883 ~ 0.996)]. The association between plasma 25(OH)D3 with anti-wild-type virus antibody levels and seropositivity of anti-omicron variant antibodies were persistent in subgroup analyses. We observed no association between retinol/α-tocopherol and anti-wide-type virus antibody levels or anti-omicron variant antibody seropositive in our study. Conclusion The third inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly improved the ability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human body. Higher vitamin D concentrations could significantly decrease the anti-wide-type virus-neutralizing antibody titers and anti-omicron variant antibody seropositive rate after the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with adequate levels of vitamin D, better immune status, and stronger immune response; further studies comprising large cohorts of patients with different nutritional status are warranted to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Liting Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Peixin Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xuyang Geng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zefang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhixiong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- Party Committee of the Communist Party of China, Zhuhai Health Bureau, Zhuhai, China
| | - Taoping Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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11
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Papaioannidou P, Skoumpa K, Bostanitis C, Michailidou M, Stergiopoulou T, Bostanitis I, Tsalidou M. Age, Sex and BMI Relations with Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG Antibodies after BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in Health Care Workers in Northern Greece. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1279. [PMID: 37317253 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study age, sex, and BMI (Body Mass Index)-related differences in the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG antibodies, after vaccination with the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine, in health care workers of a General Hospital in a city in Northern Greece. Blood sampling was drawn two to four weeks following the second dose of the vaccine, and six months after the first blood sample collection. Measurement of serum IgG antibodies against the spike domain of SARS-CoV-2 was performed using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay. All participants had sufficient serum IgG titers in the first measurement. Women developed higher IgG titers than men. The IgG titers were inversely related to age in both sexes; there was also a small, insignificant tendency to be inversely related to BMI. Six months after the first measurement, the IgG titers decreased dramatically to values less than 5% of the initial. This decrease was observed in both men and women and was inversely related to age. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age and sex explained with statistical significance 9% of the variance in SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers in our study population; the role of BMI was limited and insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Papaioannidou
- 1st Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalypso Skoumpa
- Microbiological Department, General Hospital of Katerini, 601 00 Katerini, Greece
| | - Christos Bostanitis
- 1st Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Michailidou
- 1st Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodouli Stergiopoulou
- 1st Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Bostanitis
- 1st Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Tsalidou
- 1st Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Microbiological Department, General Hospital of Katerini, 601 00 Katerini, Greece
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12
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Syrimi N, Sourri F, Giannakopoulou MC, Karamanis D, Pantousas A, Georgota P, Rokka E, Vladeni Z, Tsiantoula E, Soukara E, Lavda N, Gkaragkanis D, Zisaki A, Vakalidis P, Goula V, Loupou E, Palaiodimos L, Hatzigeorgiou D. Humoral and Cellular Response and Associated Variables Nine Months following BNT162b2 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093172. [PMID: 37176612 PMCID: PMC10179201 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to illustrate the trajectory of humoral and cellular immunity nine months after primary vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine among 189 healthcare workers (HCWs). Additionally, we endeavored to identify correlations between immunity parameters and a number of common variables and comorbidities. A total of 189 healthcare workers (HCWs), vaccinated against COVID-19, were finally included in the study. All of the subjects had received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine; had undergone antibody tests one, four and nine months post-vaccination; and had completed a medical questionnaire. Further samples taken at nine months were tested for cellular immunity. No participants had evidence of COVID-19 infection pre- or post-vaccination. An anti-S1 receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody assay was used to assess humoral response, and cellular immunity was estimated with an INF-γ release assay (IGRA). Statistical analysis was performed using STATA. We report a statistically significant antibody drop over time. Being above the age of 40 or a smoker reduces the rise of antibodies by 37% and 28%, respectively. More than half of the participants did not demonstrate T-cell activation at nine months. Female gender and antibody levels at four months predispose detection of cellular immunity at nine months post-immunization. This study furthers the qualitative, quantitative, and temporal understanding of the immune response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and the effect of correlated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Syrimi
- Paediatric Department, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Sourri
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Christina Giannakopoulou
- COVID-19 Ward, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
- Medical Directorate, Hellenic National and Defence General Staff, Mesogeion 227-231, 15561 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Karamanis
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, 65 Bergen St., Newark, NJ 07107, USA
- Department of Economics, University of Piraeus, Karaoli and Dimitriou 80, 18534 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Asterios Pantousas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece
| | - Persefoni Georgota
- Immunology Laboratory, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Rokka
- Oncology Ward, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Zoe Vladeni
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Euaggelia Tsiantoula
- Biochemistry Laboratory, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Soukara
- COVID-19 Ward, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Lavda
- COVID-19 Ward, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gkaragkanis
- COVID-19 Ward, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Zisaki
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Vakalidis
- Biochemistry Laboratory, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Goula
- Biochemistry Laboratory, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Evdokia Loupou
- Biochemistry Laboratory, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, P. Kanellopoulou Avenue, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Palaiodimos
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Dimitrios Hatzigeorgiou
- Medical Directorate, Hellenic National and Defence General Staff, Mesogeion 227-231, 15561 Athens, Greece
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13
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COVID-19 pandemic and hypertension: an updated report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension project team on COVID-19. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:589-600. [PMID: 36550205 PMCID: PMC9780104 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The number of reported cases with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exceeded 620 million worldwide, still having a profound impact on people's health and daily lives since its occurrence and outbreak in December 2019. From the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a concern that the rapid spread of this communicable disease can negatively influence non-communicable diseases. Accumulating data indicate that the restriction on the access to medical care, psychological distress, and life-style changes triggered by the pandemic have indeed affected blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Since our previous report in 2020 that summarized the findings of the literature related to COVID-19 and hypertension, there has been a considerable progress in our understanding of the association between these two disorders; nonetheless, there are remaining challenges and emerging questions in the field. In this article, we aim to summarize the latest information on the impact of the pandemic on blood pressure control, the use of the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in patients with COVID-19, and the blood pressure changes as one of the possible post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (also known as long COVID). We also summarize the evidence of telemedicine and COVID-19 vaccination in hypertensive subjects, based on data available as of June 2022.
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14
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Association between Gut Microbiota and SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccine Immunogenicity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020452. [PMID: 36838417 PMCID: PMC9961186 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is increasingly recognized to play a pivotal role in various human physiological functions and diseases. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, research has suggested that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is also involved in the development and severity of COVID-19 symptoms by regulating SARS-CoV-2 entry and modulating inflammation. Previous studies have also suggested that gut microbiota and their metabolites could have immunomodulatory effects on vaccine immunogenicity, including influenza vaccines and oral rotavirus vaccines. In light of these observations, it is possible that gut microbiota plays a role in influencing the immune responses to COVID-19 vaccinations via similar mechanisms including effects of lipopolysaccharides, flagellin, peptidoglycan, and short-chain fatty acids. In this review, we give an overview of the current understanding on the role of the gut microbiota in COVID-19 manifestations and vaccine immunogenicity. We then discuss the limitations of currently published studies on the associations between gut microbiota and COVID-19 vaccine outcomes. Future research directions shall be focused on the development of microbiota-based interventions on improving immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccinations.
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15
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Xiang F, Long B, He J, Cheng F, Zhang S, Liu Q, Chen Z, Li H, Chen M, Peng M, Yin W, Liu D, Ren H. Impaired antibody responses were observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Virol J 2023; 20:22. [PMID: 36750902 PMCID: PMC9902824 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-01983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been reported to be more susceptible to 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and more likely to develop severe pneumonia. However, the safety and immunological responses of T2DM patients after receiving the inactivated vaccines are not quite definite. Therefore, we aimed to explore the safety, antibody responses, and B-cell immunity of T2DM patients who were vaccinated with inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. METHODS Eighty-nine patients with T2DM and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled, all of whom had received two doses of full-course inactivated vaccines. At 21-105 days after full-course vaccines: first, the safety of the vaccines was assessed by questionnaires; second, the titers of anti-receptor binding domain IgG (anti-RBD-IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were measured; third, we detected the frequency of RBD-specific memory B cells (RBD-specific MBCs) to explore the cellular immunity of T2DM patients. RESULTS The overall incidence of adverse events was similar between T2DM patients and HCs, and no serious adverse events were recorded in either group. Compared with HCs, significantly lower titers of anti-RBD-IgG (p = 0.004) and NAbs (p = 0.013) were observed in T2DM patients. Moreover, the frequency of RBD-specific MBCs was lower in T2DM patients than in HCs (p = 0.027). Among the 89 T2DM patients, individuals with lower body mass index (BMI) had higher antibody titers (anti-RBD-IgG: p = 0.009; NAbs: p = 0.084). Furthermore, we found that sex, BMI, and days after vaccination were correlated with antibody titers. CONCLUSIONS Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines were safe in patients with T2DM, but the antibody responses and memory B-cell responses were significantly decreased compared to HCs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE NCT05043246. September 14, 2021. (Clinical Trials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Boyu Long
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaoxia He
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feifei Cheng
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Endocrine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sijing Zhang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Endocrine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Endocrine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hu Li
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingli Peng
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwei Yin
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Immune Response to Vaccination against COVID-19 at Different Second-Dose Intervals and Their Associations with Metabolic Parameters. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010149. [PMID: 36679994 PMCID: PMC9865177 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are associated with severe outcomes of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been proven protective against infection and severe COVID-19. However, the immune response of metabolically burdened individuals to the vaccines remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to assess whether the metabolic status of individuals affects their humoral immune responses to the vaccination. Moreover, we evaluated whether the interval between the first two doses influenced antibody concentration. Sixty-seven individuals (21 males, 46 females) were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Fifty-four individuals were vaccinated with the second dose after 3 weeks and 13 after 5 weeks. We measured the antibody titers in all participants during the 19-week follow-up period. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were excluded. In the 5-week interval group, a significantly higher level of maximal antibody titers was observed. However, there were no differences in antibody concentrations after 19 weeks and no significant correlation between cardiometabolic factors and humoral response. The elongation of second-dose timing to 5 weeks leads to a higher acute antibody response but does not change long-term levels of antibody titers. Moreover, dysregulation of metabolic parameters does not lead to a diminished immune response to vaccination.
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Guo Q, Yang L, Peng R, Gao T, Chu X, Jiang D, Ke D, Ren H. Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional observational study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1067342. [PMID: 36620297 PMCID: PMC9817001 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1067342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), wich mainly including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, remains high, and the safety and antibody response of inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) is still inconsistency, therefore it is necessary to explore the safety and antibody responses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination in MS patients in clinical practice. Methods 157 adults patients who were suffering from MS and 117 health controls (HC) at an interval of at least 21 days after full-course (2nd dose) vaccination were enrolled. The safety of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination was evaluated through collected adverse events (AEs) by questionnaire. The immunogenicity of included participant to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination was represented by serum seropositivity rate of anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (CoV-2 Nab) and titers of anti-RBD IgG, CoV-2 Nab. The B cells, mainly including RBD-specific B cells, RBD-specific memory B cell (MBC), RBD+ resting MBC cells, RBD+ activated MBC cells, RBD+ atypical MBC cells (atyMBCs), and RBD+ intermediate MBC cells, were also analyzed. Results In terms of safety, all AEs in MS patients were mild and self-limiting, and the incidence was comparable to that of HC participants, with overall AEs within seven days reported in 9.6% (15/157) of 3H and 11.1% (13/117) of HC. Both groups experienced no serious adverse events. As for immunogenicity of MS patients to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination, compared with health controls, the seroprevalence of anti-RBD IgG and CoV-2 Nab was significantly decreased in MS patients (p = 0.000, p = 0.003, respectively), while the titers of anti-RBD IgG (AU/ml) and CoV-2 Nab (μg/ml) were also significant lower in MS patients (p = 0.014, p = 0.002, respectively). As for frequencies of B cells, MS patients had lower frequencies of RBD-specific B cells, RBD+ resting MBCs, and RBD+ intermediate MBCs (p = 0.003, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively), but had a higher frequencies of RBD+ atypical MBCs (p = 0.000) than HC. In comorbidity number subgroups analysis of MS, except frequencies of RBD+ resting MBC cells, RBD+ activated MBC cells and RBD+ intermediate MBC cells had significant difference among three groups (p = 0.035, p = 0.042, p = 0.046, respectively), antibody response had no significant difference among 1H, 2H, and 3H groups (p > 0.05). And took 70 years old as a boundary, also no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in age subgroups. Lastly, comprehensive analysis in MS patients indicated that interval time after 2nd dose vaccine was the statistical significant factor which impacting antibody response in MS individuals. Conclusions Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines were well-tolerated, but induced a poorer antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in MS patients comparing to HC participants. Patients with MS should therefore be more proactive in receiving inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, and a booster vaccination may be considered necessary. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT05043246.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Guo
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Peng
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinglin Chu
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Depeng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Depeng Jiang ✉
| | - Dazhi Ke
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Dazhi Ke ✉
| | - Hong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Hong Ren ✉
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Abu Fanne R, Lidawi G, Maraga E, Moed M, Roguin A, Meisel SR. Correlation between Baseline 25(OH) Vitamin D Levels and Both Humoral Immunity and Breakthrough Infection Post-COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122116. [PMID: 36560526 PMCID: PMC9784151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Vaccines against COVID-19 induce specific antibodies whose titer is perceived as a reliable correlate of protection. Vitamin D confers complex regulatory effects on the innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we explored a plausible impact of baseline vitamin D content on achieved immunity following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A retrospective observational study comprising 73,254 naïve subjects insured by the Leumit Health Service HMO, who were vaccinated between 1 February 2020 and 30 January 2022, with one available vitamin D level prior to vaccination, was performed. The association between 25(OH) vitamin D levels, SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer, and post-vaccination PCR results were evaluated. Results: Of the study population, 5026 (6.9%) tested positive for COVID-19. The proportion of low 25(OH)D levels (<30 ng/mL) was significantly higher in the PCR-positive group (81.5% vs. 79%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed a higher incidence of breakthrough infection among non-smokers [1.37 (95% CI 1.22−1.54, p < 0.001)] and lower incidences among subjects with sufficient 25(OH)D levels (>30 ng/mL) [0.87 (95% CI 0.79−0.95, p—0.004)], hyperlipidemia [0.84 (95% CI 0.76−0.93, p < 0.001], depression [OR-0.87 (95% CI: 0.79−0.96, p < 0.005], socio-economic status >10 [0.67 (95% CI 0.61−0.73, p < 0.001)], and age >44 years. SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were available in 3659 vaccinated individuals. The prevalence of antibody titers (<50 AU) among PCR-positive subjects was 42% compared to 28% among PCR-negative subjects (p < 0.001). Baseline 25(OH)D levels showed an inverse relation to total antibody titers. However, no association was found with an antibody titer <50 AU/mL fraction. Conclusion Baseline 25(OH)D levels correlated with the vaccination-associated protective COVID-19 immunity. Antibody titers <50 AU/mL were significantly linked to breakthrough infection but did not correlate with 25(OH)D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Abu Fanne
- Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Ghalib Lidawi
- Urology Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
| | - Emad Maraga
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Mahmud Moed
- Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel
| | - Ariel Roguin
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
| | - Simcha-Ron Meisel
- Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 3810101, Israel
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Golec M, Konka A, Fronczek M, Zembala-John J, Chrapiec M, Wystyrk K, Kasperczyk S, Brzoza Z, Bułdak RJ. The Antibody Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Booster in Healthcare Workers: Association between the IgG Antibody Titers and Anthropometric and Body Composition Parameters. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1638. [PMID: 36298503 PMCID: PMC9611156 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows that in most people, two-dose vaccination helps to shape the humoral response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Further studies are required to learn about the vaccine's effectiveness after boosting. METHODS We conducted a prospective study among 103 healthcare workers (HCWs) from a regional multi-specialty hospital vaccinated with three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. We compared their immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers 14 days after the second dose with those 21 days after the booster. We also compared their anthropometric and body composition parameters with IgG concentrations at the same time points. RESULTS Twenty-one days after the booster, all study participants were seropositive. Their mean IgG antibody titers were significantly lower than 14 days after the second dose (158.94 AU/mL ± 90.34 AU/mL vs. 505.79 AU/mL ± 367.16 AU/mL). Post-booster Spearman's correlation analysis showed a significantly weak correlation between the IgG antibody titer and parameters related to muscle tissue and adipose tissue (including body fat mass). CONCLUSIONS The BNT162b2 booster stimulates the humoral response to a lesser extent than the two-dose BNT162b2 primary vaccination. The adipose and muscle tissue parameters show a weak positive correlation with the SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Golec
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Adam Konka
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Martyna Fronczek
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, H. Jordana 38, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Zembala-John
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Medicine and Environmental Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, H. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Martyna Chrapiec
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karolina Wystyrk
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, H. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Zenon Brzoza
- Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Al. W. Witosa 26, 40-451 Opole, Poland
| | - Rafał Jakub Bułdak
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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