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Córdoba-Grueso WS, Galaviz KI, Parker MA. Aerobic exercise during adolescence and anxiety disorders in adulthood: A cohort study using Add Health. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301253. [PMID: 38603706 PMCID: PMC11008857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of anxiety disorders, and mental chronic diseases, has increased over the last decade among adolescents. Since aerobic exercise reduces the risk of chronic diseases and stress symptoms, we aimed to examine the association between aerobic exercise in adolescence and anxiety disorders in adulthood. METHODS Self-reported, publicly available data from 5,114 adolescents who participated in Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) was analyzed from 1994-2009. We included US-based individuals aged 16 years on average and observed them for 15 years. Weighted Poisson regression models estimated the association between aerobic exercise in Wave I (1994, baseline) and anxiety disorders in Wave IV (2009, adulthood), adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and substance use at baseline. RESULTS Overall, 639/5,114 (weighted 12.96%) individuals experienced anxiety disorders at baseline. Age and sex differed significantly across all exercise groups (p's<0.001). Aerobic exercise did not significantly protect against anxiety disorders in adulthood: compared to adolescents who did not exercise at all, those who exercised 1-2 times/week had 0.85 times the prevalence of anxiety disorders during adulthood (95% CI = 0.65, 1.12; p = 0.25). Those who exercised 3-4 times/week had 0.81 times the prevalence (95% CI = 0.61, 1.08, p = 0.15) and those who exercised 5+ times/week had 0.84 times the prevalence (95% CI = 0.63, 1.13, p = 0.25) than those who did not exercise at all. CONCLUSION Aerobic Exercise in adolescence did not protect against anxiety disorders in adulthood. More evidence is needed on this association, including using homogeneous measures of exercise and repeated measures methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S. Córdoba-Grueso
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Karla I. Galaviz
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Parker
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
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Pettitt RM, Brown EA, Delashmitt JC, Pizzo MN. The Management of Anxiety and Depression in Pediatrics. Cureus 2022; 14:e30231. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Draper CE, Cook CJ, Redinger S, Rochat T, Prioreschi A, Rae DE, Ware LJ, Lye SJ, Norris SA. Cross-sectional associations between mental health indicators and social vulnerability, with physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in urban African young women. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:82. [PMID: 35818066 PMCID: PMC9272865 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Relationships between mental health and multiple health behaviours have not been explored in young South African women experiencing social constraints. The aim of this study was to identify associations between mental health indicators and risk factors with physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep, amongst young women living in Soweto, a predominantly low-income, urban South African setting. Methods For this cross-sectional study, baseline measurements for participants (n = 1719, 18.0–25.9 years old) recruited for the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative were used including: physical activity, sedentary behaviour (sitting, screen and television time), sleep (duration and quality), depression and anxiety indicators, emotional health, adverse childhood experiences, alcohol-use risk; social vulnerability, self-efficacy, and social support. Results Multiple regression analyses showed that depression (β = 0.161, p < 0.001), anxiety (β = 0.126, p = 0.001), adverse childhood experiences (β = 0.076, p = 0.014), and alcohol-use risk (β = 0.089, p = 0.002) were associated with poor quality sleep. Alcohol-use risk was associated with more screen time (β = 0.105, p < 0.001) and television time (β = 0.075, p < 0.016). Social vulnerability was associated with lower sitting time (β = − 0.187, p < 0001) and screen time (β = − 0.014, p < 0.001). Higher self-efficacy was associated with more moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (β = 0.07, p = 0.036), better-quality sleep (β = − 0.069, p = 0.020) and less television time (β = − 0.079, p = 0.012). Having no family support was associated with more sitting time (β = 0.075, p = 0.022). Binomial logistic regression analyses supported these findings regarding sleep quality, with anxiety and depression risk doubling the risk of poor-quality sleep (OR = 2.425, p < 0.001, OR = 2.036, p = 0.003 respectively). Conclusions These findings contribute to our understanding of how mental health indicators and risk factors can be barriers to health behaviours of young women in Soweto, and that self-efficacy and social support can be protective for certain of these behaviours for these women. Our results highlight the uniqueness of this setting regarding associations between mental health and behaviours associated with non-communicable diseases risk. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01325-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Draper
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
| | - Caylee J Cook
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Stephanie Redinger
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tamsen Rochat
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Alessandra Prioreschi
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Dale E Rae
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa J Ware
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.,Global Health Research Unit, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Orfeuvre E, Franck N, Plasse J, Haesebaert F. Mental well-being in young people with psychiatric disorders during the early phase of COVID-19 lockdown. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270644. [PMID: 35771900 PMCID: PMC9246141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health and well-being were seriously impacted by the COVID-19 lockdown especially among young people and people with psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to identify factors associated with well-being in young people with psychiatric disorders, during early phase of COVID-19 lockdown in France. Methods A national cross-sectional online study started on the 8th day of COVID-19 lockdown in France (during March 25–30, 2020). We included young people aged from 16 to 29 who responded to the questionnaire, living and being confined in France, with past or current psychiatric treatment. The questionnaire was accessible online and explored demographics and clinical factors, well-being, stress, situation during lockdown. Well-being was measured by the Warwick-Edinburg Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS). Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were carried out. Results 439 individuals were included with 262 (59.7%) previously treated and 177 (40.3%) currently treated. WEMWBS total score were 42.48 (9.05). Feeling of useful was the most affected dimension. Well-being was positively correlated with: currently working on site, physical activity, abilities to cope with difficulties, family and social supports (p<0.05). It was negatively correlated with: elevated stress level, anxious ruminations, dissatisfaction with information, difficulties to sleep or reorganize daily life, feeling supported by medicines (p<0.05). No individual factor was correlated with well-being. The stepwise linear multivariate model had simple R2 coefficient of determination of 0.535. Conclusion In the specific population of young people with psychiatric disorders, factors associated with well-being at early stage of lockdown were mainly psychosocial and related to brutal disorganisation of daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Orfeuvre
- Centre Ressource de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Franck
- Centre Ressource de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
- CH Le Vinatier, Pôle Centre Rive Gauche, Bron, France
- UMR 5229, CNRS & Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Plasse
- Centre Ressource de Réhabilitation Psychosociale, CH Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Haesebaert
- SUR-CL3R-PEPS, CH Vinatier, Bron, Rhône-Alpes, France
- INSERM U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, PSYR2 Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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Herbert C. Enhancing Mental Health, Well-Being and Active Lifestyles of University Students by Means of Physical Activity and Exercise Research Programs. Front Public Health 2022; 10:849093. [PMID: 35548074 PMCID: PMC9082407 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.849093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders (e.g., depression) and sedentary behavior are increasing, also among emerging adults. One particular target group of emerging adults with high sitting times and vulnerability to mental disorders are university students. In particular, anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as stress symptoms are very common among university students. The present manuscript discusses whether physical activity and exercise interventions can help to promote the mental health of emerging adults such as university students. The manuscript will summarize current scientific evidence and based on this evidence, introduce an university-based scientific research project that investigates if physical activity, exercise interventions and acute bouts of exercise of low- to moderate intensity can buffer perceived stress, alleviate mental health symptoms and strengthen well-being (psychologically and physiologically) among university students by positively influencing depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress and emotion perception, body awareness and subjective well-being including overall quality of life. The research project, its concept, multimethod approach, and first results from available studies are discussed in relation to current scientific evidence, health care needs and future developments. The results from the studies conducted within the research project so far and that are briefly summarized in this manuscript suggest that physical activity, mental health and well-being are positively related, also in university students as an important group of emerging adults. The results further suggest that exercise interventions comprising aerobic exercises of low- to moderate intensity may work best to improve mental health (alleviate depressive symptoms and perceived stress) among university students after a few weeks of intervention. In addition, acute bouts of certain types of exercises (yoga in particular) seem to be particularly effective in changing perception of bodily signals, cardiac activity and emotion processing immediately after the exercise. The results underscore the importance of systematic investigations of the combined examination of psychological and physiological factors that promote an active lifestyle and that strengthen mental health and well-being (psychologically and physiologically) among emerging adults such as university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Herbert
- Applied Emotion and Motivation Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Influence of External Natural Environment Including Sunshine Exposure on Public Mental Health: A Systematic Review. PSYCHIATRY INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint3010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been raging around the world and public health measures such as lockdowns have forced people to go out less often, reducing sunlight exposure time, green space use, and physical activity. It is well known that exercise has a positive impact on mental health, but the impact of external environmental factors such as sunlight exposure and green space use on mental health has not been systematically reviewed. In this review, we categorized the major factors that may affect people’s mental health into (1) external environmental factors such as exposure to sunlight and green spaces, (2) internal life factors such as physical activity and lifestyle, and (3) mixed external and internal factors, and systematically examined the relationship between each factor and people’s mental health. The results showed that exposure to sunlight, spending leisure time in green spaces, and physical activity each had a positive impact on people’s mental health, including depression, anxiety, and stress states. Specifically, moderate physical activity in an external environment with sunlight exposure or green space was found to be an important factor. The study found that exposure to the natural environment through sunbathing and exercise is important for people’s mental health.
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Gavurova B, Popesko B, Ivankova V, Rigelsky M. The Role of Self-Care Activities (SASS-14) in Depression (PHQ-9): Evidence From Slovakia During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 9:803815. [PMID: 35111721 PMCID: PMC8801882 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.803815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the ongoing situation, when the world is dominated by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the development of self-care programs appears to be insufficient, while their role in mental health may be crucial. The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations between self-care activities and depression in the general Slovak population, but also in its individual gender and age categories. This was achieved by validating the self-care screening instrument, assessing differences, and evaluating the associations using quantile regression analysis. The final research sample consisted of 806 participants [males: 314 (39%), females: 492 (61%)] and data were collected through an online questionnaire from February 12, 2021 to February 23, 2021. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression (α = 0.89) and Self-Care Activities Screening Scale (SASS-14) [health consciousness (HC) (α = 0.82), nutrition and physical activity (NPA) (α = 0.75), sleep quality (SLP) (α = 0.82), and interpersonal and intrapersonal coping strategies (IICS) (α = 0.58)] were used as screening measures. Mild depressive symptoms were found in 229 participants (28.41%), moderate depressive symptoms in 154 participants (19.11%), moderately severe depressive symptoms in 60 participants (7.44%) and severe depressive symptoms in 43 participants (5.33%). The main findings revealed the fact that individual self-care activities were associated with depression. This supported the idea that well-practiced self-care activities should be an immediate part of an individual's life in order to reduce depressive symptoms. Sleep quality played an important role, while HC indicated the need for increased attention. Other dimensions of self-care also showed significant results that should not be overlooked. In terms of depression, females and younger individuals need targeted interventions. The supportive educational intervention developed based on the self-care theory can help manage and maintain mental health during a stressful period, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Health policy leaders should focus on health-promoting preventive self-care interventions, as the demand for them increases even more during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Gavurova
- Center for Applied Economic Research, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czechia
| | - Boris Popesko
- Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czechia
| | - Viera Ivankova
- Institute of Earth Resources, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Rigelsky
- Department of Marketing and International Trade, Faculty of Management and Business, University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia
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Carney R, Firth J. Exercise interventions in child and adolescent mental health care: An overview of the evidence and recommendations for implementation. JCPP ADVANCES 2021; 1:e12031. [PMID: 37431402 PMCID: PMC10242844 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of physical activity interventions in mental health care for adults has a large academic evidence base and numerous examples of real-world implementation. However, the use of physical activity within mental health care for children and young people (CYP) has received less attention to date. Methods A narrative review was conducted to summarize the relevant literature in the area. Online databases were searched using terms synonymous with CYP, exercise, physical health, and mental health. Findings from existing systematic reviews, meta-analyses, meta-syntheses, and consensus statements were reviewed, and used alongside the authors' experience to inform clinical recommendations. Results We first discuss the importance of applying physical health interventions in early stages of mental illness for CYP to prevent physical comorbidities and premature mortality in the long term. We then provide a brief summary of the current evidence of the benefits of exercise interventions in CYP with mental illness. We then present our top five recommendations on the implementation of exercise interventions within CYP mental health care. Conclusion The key conclusions from this suggest there is an increasingly strong evidence base for the benefits of using physical activity interventions to improve, prevent, and manage physical and mental health outcomes in CYP with mental illness. However, more work needs to be done to improve the evidence base, refine its implementation into standard mental health care, and develop strategies for large-scale dissemination of such interventions across various care and cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Carney
- Youth Mental Health Research UnitGreater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
- Division of Psychology and Mental HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- NICM Health Research InstituteWestern Sydney UniversityWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
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Pascoe MC, Bailey AP, Craike M, Carter T, Patten RK, Stepto NK, Parker AG. Single Session and Short-Term Exercise for Mental Health Promotion in Tertiary Students: A Scoping Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:72. [PMID: 34635969 PMCID: PMC8505587 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Exercise can improve mental health; however many tertiary students do not reach recommended levels of weekly engagement. Short-term exercise may be more achievable for tertiary students to engage in to promote mental health, particularly during times of high stress. The current scoping review aimed to provide an overview of controlled trials testing the effect of short-term (single bout and up to 3 weeks) exercise across mental health domains, both at rest and in response to an experimentally manipulated laboratory stress task, in tertiary students. The search was conducted using 'Evidence Finder,' a database of published and systematic reviews and controlled trials of interventions in the youth mental health field. A total of 14 trials meet inclusion criteria, six measured mental health symptoms in response to an experimentally manipulated laboratory stress task and the remaining eight measured mental health symptoms. We found that short-term exercise interventions appeared to reduce anxiety like symptoms and anxiety sensitivity and buffered against a drop in mood following an experimentally manipulated laboratory stress task. There was limited available evidence testing the impacts of exercise on depression like symptoms and other mental health mental health domains, suggesting further work is required. Universities should consider implementing methods to increase student knowledge about the relationship between physical exercise and mental health and student access to exercise facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela C Pascoe
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3011, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Alan P Bailey
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Melinda Craike
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3011, Australia
- Mitchell Institute, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - Tim Carter
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rhiannon K Patten
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - Nigel K Stepto
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3011, Australia
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
- Medicine-Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, Melbourne University, Sunshine, VIC, 3020, Australia
| | - Alexandra G Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3011, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Pascoe MC, Bailey AP, Craike M, Carter T, Patten RK, Stepto NK, Parker AG. Poor reporting of physical activity and exercise interventions in youth mental health trials: A brief report. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:1414-1422. [PMID: 32924318 PMCID: PMC8451843 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the quality and completeness of the description and reporting of physical activity and exercise interventions delivered to young people to promote mental health or treat mental illness. METHODS We conducted a series of scoping reviews identifying 64 controlled trials of physical activity and exercise interventions delivered to young people. We extracted: intervention characteristics, personnel and delivery format, the intensity, duration, frequency and type of physical activity or exercise. RESULTS There was limited reporting of intervention details across studies; 52% did not provide information to confidently assess intervention intensity, 29% did not state who delivered the intervention, and 44% did not specify the intervention delivery format. CONCLUSIONS We recommend that authors adhere to the CONSORT reporting requirements and its intervention reporting extensions, (a) the Template for Intervention Description and Replication, (b) Consensus for Exercise Reporting Template and (c) as part of this, detail the frequency, intensity, time and type of physical activity recommendations and prescriptions. Without this, future trials are unable to replicate and extend previous work to support or disconfirm existing knowledge, leading to research waste and diminishing translation and implementation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela C. Pascoe
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alan P. Bailey
- Orygen, and Centre for Youth Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Melinda Craike
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Mitchell InstituteVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tim Carter
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Health SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Rhiannon K. Patten
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nigel K. Stepto
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alexandra G. Parker
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Orygen, and Centre for Youth Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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Shrestha N, Pedisic Z, Jurakic D, Biddle SJH, Parker A. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour counselling: Attitudes and practices of mental health professionals. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254684. [PMID: 34270611 PMCID: PMC8284800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite recent interest in the mental health benefits of increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behaviour (SB), little is known about PA and SB counselling provided by mental health professionals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the attitudes and practices of mental health professionals in recommending more PA and less SB to their clients. Methods Quantitative data were collected using a modified version of the Exercise in Mental Illness Questionnaire in a sample of 17 Australian mental health professionals. The collected data were reported using percentages (for categorical data) and means and standard deviations (for numerical data). Additionally, in focus group discussions, 10 mental health professionals provided in-depth information about their clinical practice, facilitators, and perceived barriers in recommending more PA and less SB. They also provided suggestions on how to potentially improve their PA and SB counselling practices. The focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Results Only 35.3% of participants have undergone formal training in recommending PA in the treatment of mental illness. Most participants (64.7%) ranked PA counselling among the top three types of mental health treatment. All participants reported recommending PA to their clients at least “occasionally”, while 88% of them also provided SB counselling. However, the recommendations provided were usually not specific. The most commonly reported barriers for providing PA and SB counselling were a lack of knowledge and confidence. Participants also believed that, if they were more active themselves, they would be in a better position to recommend PA to their clients, by sharing their own experience of evidence-informed strategies designed to increase PA and reduce SB. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that mental health professionals commonly provide generic PA and SB counselling to their clients. PA and SB counselling in the mental health setting could be improved by: including training on PA and SB counselling in formal education and continued professional training for mental health professionals; implementing interventions to increase PA and reduce SB among mental health professionals themselves; and ensuring support from an exercise or PA promotion specialist as a part of a multi-disciplinary approach to mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Shrestha
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia
| | - Danijel Jurakic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stuart J. H. Biddle
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ‐PALs), Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Alexandra Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia
- Orygen, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Yao L, Fang H, Leng W, Li J, Chang J. Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Mental Health in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:748257. [PMID: 34867538 PMCID: PMC8634786 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.748257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The recommendation of exercise programs in the senior population may benefit inactive and sedentary individuals and improve and help to treat specific health conditions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the published evidence from RCT studies of aerobic exercise interventions for mental health in older adults over the last 20 years. Methods: A literature search was conducted using electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and ProQuest. Results: A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. The subjects of these studies were aged 60 years or older and had various physical health statuses. In 15 studies, the mean effect size for the experimental outcome was 0.56 ± 0.39 (95%CI: 0.36-0.76). One-way ANOVA indicated no significant differences in the intervention duration [F (2,15) = 0.919, p = 0.420], subject category [F (2,15) = 0.046, p = 0.955], or measurement category [F (3,14) = 0.967, p = 0.436]. However, there were significant differences in exercise frequencies [F (2,15) = 6.03, p = 0.012]. Conclusion: The available evidence suggests that aerobic exercise is beneficial for improving the mental health of adults aged 60 years and older. The intervention effect can be achieved regardless of the type of subject and the duration of the intervention. Further, the present study indicates that low-frequency, long-term and regular aerobic exercise is more effective for older adults. Therefore, we recommend that older adults to exercise at a low frequency depending on their physical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yao
- School of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Motor Quotient, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanliu Fang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanchun Leng
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Ministry of Sports, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
| | - Jindong Chang
- School of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Motor Quotient, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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