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Fujii Y, Kitano N, Kai Y, Jindo T, Arao T. Changes in Accelerometer-measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior From Before to After COVID-19 Outbreak in Workers. J Epidemiol 2024; 34:247-253. [PMID: 37574271 PMCID: PMC10999519 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have reduced opportunities for engaging in physical activity (PA) and increased sedentary behavior (SB) among workers. However, most previous studies used self-reported assessments. This study aimed to examine the changes in accelerometer-measured PA and SB from before to after COVID-19 outbreak among Japanese workers. METHODS This 1-year longitudinal study used data from the annual health check-ups of workers who lived in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Baseline and follow-up data were collected from June to November of 2019 and June to November of 2020, respectively. Participants were asked to wear the accelerometer on their hip during awake hours for at least 10 days in both the surveys. Before the analysis, considering the difference in wearing time, time spent in PA and SB were converted to the percentage of wearing time. To investigate the changes in PA or SB from before to during COVID-19 outbreak, paired t-tests were performed. RESULTS Of the 757 eligible participants, 536 were included in the analysis (70.8%). Participants' mean age was 53.3 years, 69.6% were female, and most were full-time employees. Time spent in PA decreased, regardless of weekdays or weekends, although changes on the weekends were not significant. Conversely, time spent in SB increased on both weekdays and weekends in 2020. These changes corresponded to approximately 10 minutes per day decrease in PA and increase in SB. CONCLUSION Objectively measured PA decreased and SB increased by approximately 10 minutes per day after the COVID-19 outbreak among Japanese workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Fujii
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naruki Kitano
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kai
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Jindo
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Arao
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Galy O, Washif JA, Wattelez G, Farooq A, Hue O, Sandbakk Ø, Beaven CM, Seiler S, Ding D, Pyne DB, Chamari K. Training strategies of 10,074 athletes from 121 countries based on human development index in early COVID-19 lockdown. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8866. [PMID: 38632327 PMCID: PMC11024144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between changes in training practices and human development index (HDI) levels, and identify strategies employed by athletes who consistently maintained their training quantity during the first 100 days of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 10,074 athletes (5290 amateur and 4787 professional athletes from 121 countries) completed an online survey between 17 May to 5 July 2020. We explored their training practices, including specific questions on training frequency, duration and quantity before and during lockdown (March-June 2020), stratified according to the human development index (HDI): low-medium, high, or very high HDI. During the COVID-19 lockdown, athletes in low-medium HDI countries focused on innovative training. Nevertheless, women and amateur athletes experienced a substantial reduction in training activity. Performance-driven athletes and athletes from higher HDI indexed countries, were likely to have more opportunities to diversify training activities during lockdowns, facilitated by the flexibility to perform training away from home. Factors such as lockdown rules, socioeconomic environment, and training education limited training diversification and approaches, particularly in low-medium and high HDI countries. Athletes (amateurs and professionals) who maintained the quantity of training during lockdown appeared to prioritize basic cardiovascular and strength training, irrespective of HDI level. Modifying training and fitness programs may help mitigate the decrease in training activities during lockdowns. Customized training prescriptions based on gender, performance, and HDI level will assist individuals to effectively perform and maintain training activities during lockdowns, or other challenging (lockdown-like) situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Galy
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, University of New Caledonia, Nouméa, New Caledonia.
| | - Jad Adrian Washif
- Sports Performance Division, Institut Sukan Negara Malaysia (National Sports Institute of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Guillaume Wattelez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, University of New Caledonia, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | | | - Olivier Hue
- Laboratoire ACTES, Université des Antilles, Pointe-À-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Øyvind Sandbakk
- Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Stephen Seiler
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Ding Ding
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - David B Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, ISSEP Ksar Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
- Naufar Wellness and Recovery Center, Naufar Wellness and Recovery Center, Doha, Qatar
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3
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Tetlow N, Dewar A, Arina P, Tan M, Sridhar AN, Kelly JD, Arulkumaran N, Stephens RC, Martin DS, Moonesinghe SR, Whittle J. Preoperative aerobic fitness and perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing cystectomy before and after implementation of a national lockdown. BJA OPEN 2024; 9:100255. [PMID: 38298206 PMCID: PMC10828563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2023.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Lower fitness is a predictor of adverse outcomes after radical cystectomy. Lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic affected daily physical activity. We hypothesised that lockdown during the pandemic was associated with a reduction in preoperative aerobic fitness and an increase in postoperative complications in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Methods We reviewed routine preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) data collected prior to the pandemic (September 2018 to March 2020) and after lockdown (March 2020 to July 2021) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Differences in CPET variables, Postoperative Morbidity Survey (POMS) data, and length of hospital stay were compared. Results We identified 267 patients (85 pre-lockdown and 83 during lockdown) who underwent CPET and radical cystectomy. Patients undergoing radical cystectomy throughout lockdown had lower ventilatory anaerobic threshold (9.0 [7.9-10.9] vs 10.3 [9.1-12.3] ml kg-1 min-1; P=0.0002), peak oxygen uptake (15.5 [12.9-19.1] vs 17.5 [14.4-21.0] ml kg-1 min-1; P=0.015), and higher ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide (34.7 [31.4-38.5] vs 33.4 [30.5-36.5]; P=0.030) compared with pre-lockdown. Changes were more pronounced in males and those aged >65 yr. Patients undergoing radical cystectomy throughout lockdown had a higher proportion of day 5 POMS-defined morbidity (89% vs 75%, odds ratio [OR] 2.698, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.143-6.653; P=0.019), specifically related to pulmonary complications (30% vs 13%, OR 2.900, 95% CI 1.368-6.194; P=0.007) and pain (27% vs 9%, OR 3.471, 95% CI 1.427-7.960; P=0.004), compared with pre-lockdown on univariate analysis. Conclusions Lockdown measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with a reduction in fitness and an increase in postoperative morbidity among patients undergoing radical cystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Tetlow
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Human Physiology and Performance Laboratory (HPPL), Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amy Dewar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Human Physiology and Performance Laboratory (HPPL), Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pietro Arina
- Human Physiology and Performance Laboratory (HPPL), Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Bloomsbury Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Melanie Tan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ashwin N. Sridhar
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John D. Kelly
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nishkantha Arulkumaran
- Human Physiology and Performance Laboratory (HPPL), Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Bloomsbury Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert C.M. Stephens
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Suneetha R. Moonesinghe
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Whittle
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Human Physiology and Performance Laboratory (HPPL), Centre for Peri-operative Medicine, Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Burberg T, Würth S, Amesberger G, Finkenzeller T. Affective associations towards running: fuzzy patterns of implicit-explicit interaction in young female runners and non-runners. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1210546. [PMID: 38356793 PMCID: PMC10864672 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1210546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence demonstrates that high concordance and low discrepancy of implicit and explicit affective processes facilitate consistent exercise behavior. Novice runners often have difficulties implementing their running behavior on a regular basis resulting in irregular running behavior. To investigate the potential value of affective associations 89 young female runners (regular and irregular) and non-runners were recruited. Affective associations towards running were measured through a Single-Target Implicit Association Test on the implicit level and by self-report on the explicit level. Implicit-explicit interaction (IEI) scores (i.e., implicit-explicit concordance and discrepancy) were derived from principal component analysis. Fuzzy k-means cluster analysis was used to identify patterns of interacting implicit-explicit affective associations. The resulting clusters were assessed for differences in previous running experience, current running behavior, motivational and intentional aspects. Four meaningful overlapping clusters were found and labeled according to their prevalent IEI patterns (i.e., "positive non-discrepant", "positive discrepant", "negative discrepant", "negative non-discrepant"). Significant differences between clusters were found for past running experience, current running behavior, motivational and intentional aspects. The results indicate that running behavior varies between and within patterns of affective associations. In line with previous findings, positive non-discrepant implicit and explicit affective associations are linked to more consistent running behavior, while negative non-discrepant affect is associated with non-runners. However, the occurrence of discrepant implicit-explicit affective associations in young women differing in running behavior, motivation, and intention broadens the view of the complex relationship between affective processes and exercise behavior. In conclusion, individualized interventions that take into account the implicit-explicit interaction of affective associations besides well-known cognitive self-regulatory resources may prove more effective for individuals who struggle to run regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Burberg
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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5
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Titus-Lay E, Nehira J, Courtney J, Jee J, Kumar M, Tiet J, Le V, Durbin-Johnson B, Chen MS, Vinall R. A pharmacist-led community-based survey study: Determining the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on actionable factors associated with worse cancer outcomes and cancer health disparities. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2023; 11:100311. [PMID: 37533758 PMCID: PMC10392607 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The goals of this cross-sectional community-based survey study were to assess the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on actionable factors which are known to contribute to worse cancer outcomes, and to determine whether race and ethnicity-based differences exist. Methods A survey study which captured demographic information and changes in cancer outcomes-related factors since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, was conducted at a public Covid-19 vaccination clinic over a period of 10 days during March 2021. Surveys were administered in multiple languages. Chi-square tests and ANOVA followed by post-hoc Dunnett testing assessed for race and ethnicity-based differences. Results A total of 949 people participated (61.6% participation rate). Ninety-three surveys were removed based on inclusion criteria giving a final participant number of 856. Many participants reported postponing cancer screenings (17.8%) and cancellation of medical appointments (22.8% and 25.8% reported cancelled appointments by providers or themselves, respectively) due to the pandemic. Participants also reported decreased physical activity (44.7%) and increased tobacco and/or marijuana usage (7.0%). Conversely, participants reported consuming more fruits and vegetables (21.4%) and decreasing alcohol consumption (21.4%). Several race-related differences but no ethnicity-related differences were observed. Conclusion Our data can be used to help guide pharmacist-led targeted outreach in our community which will help mitigate Covid-19 pandemic-driven changes in behaviors associated with worse cancer outcomes and exacerbation of cancer health disparities. To our knowledge, this is the first cancer outcomes-related study to be conducted at a public Covid-19 vaccination site and is the first pharmacist-led study in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Titus-Lay
- California Northstate University College of Pharmacy (CNUCOP), Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Jeffrey Nehira
- California Northstate University College of Pharmacy (CNUCOP), Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Jennifer Courtney
- California Northstate University College of Pharmacy (CNUCOP), Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Jee
- California Northstate University College of Pharmacy (CNUCOP), Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Marissa Kumar
- California Northstate University College of Pharmacy (CNUCOP), Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Jenny Tiet
- California Northstate University College of Pharmacy (CNUCOP), Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Vivi Le
- California Northstate University College of Pharmacy (CNUCOP), Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Moon S. Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ruth Vinall
- California Northstate University College of Pharmacy (CNUCOP), Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
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Stanesby O, Greaves S, Jose K, Sharman M, Blizzard L, Palmer AJ, Evans J, Cooper K, Morse M, Cleland V. A prospective study of the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on activities and mobility upon physical activity, travel behaviour and attitudes. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2023; 31:101624. [PMID: 37228262 PMCID: PMC10196155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2023.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Public health measures adopted to contain the spread of COVID-19 included restrictions on activities and mobility as people were asked to stay at home and schools moved to online learning. This may have increased risk of non-communicable disease by limiting recreational and transport-related physical activity. Building on an existing study, we assessed changes in self-reported and device-measured physical activity and travel behaviour before, during and after the peak of local COVID-19 outbreak and restrictions (March-July 2020). We examined beliefs in effectiveness of strategies to increase active and public transport after restrictions were reduced. Methods A longitudinal study of adult infrequent bus users (average ≤ 2 trips per week; n = 70; 67% women) in Hobart, Australia. One-week assessment periods at four separate timepoints (before, during, 0-3 months after, and 3-6 months after the peak restrictions period) involved wearing an accelerometer, daily transport diaries, online surveys and tracking bus smartcard boardings. Results Physical activity (especially among older participants), bus use and private motor vehicle use declined significantly during or 0-3 months after the peak restrictions period and returned to pre-restrictions levels by 3-6 months after the peak restrictions period, except bus use which remained significantly lower. Retrospective surveys overstated declines in bus use and active transport and self-reports understated declines in physical activity. Social distancing and improving service efficiency and frequency were seen as effective strategies for increasing bus use after restrictions but belief in effectiveness of distancing decreased over time. Conclusions When restrictions on mobility are increased, supportive health promotion measures are needed to prevent declines in physical activity, particularly for older adults. Public transport systems need capacity to implement temporary distancing measures to prevent communicable disease transmission. Providing convenient, flexible, and efficient options for public transport may help to replenish public transport use after restrictions are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stanesby
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Stephen Greaves
- Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kim Jose
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Melanie Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Andrew J Palmer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jack Evans
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | | | - Verity Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Kao TSA, Ling J, Vu C, Hawn R, Christodoulos H. Motivational Interviewing in Pediatric Obesity: A Meta-analysis of the Effects on Behavioral Outcomes. Ann Behav Med 2023:7169372. [PMID: 37195909 PMCID: PMC10354860 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the effects of motivational interviewing (MI) on children's behavioral changes remain obscure. PURPOSE This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of MI on children's lifestyle behavioral changes (fruits and vegetables [F/V], dairy, sugary beverages, calories, snacks, fat intake, moderate vigorous physical activity [MVPA], and screen time). METHODS Six databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Sciences) from 2005 to 2022 were searched. Thirty-one intervention studies with a comparison group met the criteria. Random-effects models were performed to estimate the pooled effects; exploratory moderation analyses with mixed-effects models were used to explore potential intervention moderators. RESULTS The pooled effect size was 0.10 (p = .334) on ↑F/V, 0.02 (p = .724) on ↑dairy, -0.29 (p < .001) on ↓calories, -0.16 (p = .054) on ↓sugary beverages, -0.22 (p = .002) on ↓snacks, -0.20 (p = .044) on ↓fat, 0.22 (p = .001) on ↑MVPA, and -0.06 (p = .176) on ↓screen time. The effects of MIs were moderated by ↑MI sessions regarding ↓snacks (B = -0.04, p = .010). Multicomponent and clinical programs had greater effects on dairy intake than their counterparts (0.09 vs. -0.21, p = .034; 0.12 vs. -0.14, p = .027, respectively). Similarly, interventions with a fidelity check resulted in greater dairy intake than those without a check (0.29 vs. -0.15, p = .014). A few long-term follow-up assessments revealed effects on ↓F/V (-0.18; p = .143, k = 2), ↓dairy (-0.13, p = .399, k = 4), ↓MVPA (-0.04; p = .611, k = 6), and ↑screen time (0.12; p = .242, k = 4). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the short-term effects of MI on improving children's lifestyle behaviors. Additional investigations are needed to better sustain children's long-term behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiying Ling
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Christina Vu
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Rachel Hawn
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, USA
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Wilke J, Rahlf AL, Füzéki E, Groneberg DA, Hespanhol L, Mai P, de Oliveira GM, Robbin J, Tan B, Willwacher S, Hollander K, Pillay JD. Physical Activity During Lockdowns Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis of 173 Studies with 320,636 Participants. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:125. [PMID: 36219269 PMCID: PMC9551244 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Many countries have restricted public life in order to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). As a side effect of related measures, physical activity (PA) levels may have decreased. Objective We aimed (1) to quantify changes in PA and (2) to identify variables potentially predicting PA reductions. Methods A systematic review with random-effects multilevel meta-analysis was performed, pooling the standardized mean differences in PA measures before and during public life restrictions. Results A total of 173 trials with moderate methodological quality (modified Downs and Black checklist) were identified. Compared to pre-pandemic, total PA (SMD − 0.65, 95% CI − 1.10 to − 0.21) and walking (SMD − 0.52, 95% CI − 0.29 to − 0.76) decreased while sedentary behavior increased (SMD 0.91, 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.65). Reductions in PA affected all intensities (light: SMD − 0.35, 95% CI − 0.09 to − 0.61, p = .013; moderate: SMD − 0.33, 95% CI − 0.02 to − 0.6; vigorous: SMD − 0.33, − 0.08 to − 0.58, 95% CI − 0.08 to − 0.58) to a similar degree. Moderator analyses revealed no influence of variables such as sex, age, body mass index, or health status. However, the only continent without a PA reduction was Australia and cross-sectional trials yielded higher effect sizes (p < .05). Conclusion Public life restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in moderate reductions in PA levels and large increases in sedentary behavior. Health professionals and policy makers should therefore join forces to develop strategies counteracting the adverse effects of inactivity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-022-00515-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wilke
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Anna Lina Rahlf
- grid.449681.60000 0001 2111 1904Department of Sports Science, Institute of Health, Nutrition and Sports Science, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Flensburg, Germany
| | - Eszter Füzéki
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - David A. Groneberg
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Luiz Hespanhol
- grid.412268.b0000 0001 0298 4494Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mai
- grid.27593.3a0000 0001 2244 5164Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany ,grid.440974.a0000 0001 2234 6983Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Martins de Oliveira
- grid.412268.b0000 0001 0298 4494Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johanna Robbin
- grid.440974.a0000 0001 2234 6983Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Benedict Tan
- grid.413815.a0000 0004 0469 9373Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steffen Willwacher
- grid.440974.a0000 0001 2234 6983Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Hollander
- grid.461732.5Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian David Pillay
- grid.412114.30000 0000 9360 9165Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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van den Broek N, Larsen JK, Verhagen M, Burk WJ, Vink JM. Adolescents' food intake changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of pre-pandemic susceptibility, COVID-19 related stressors, and the social food context. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 20:616-634. [PMID: 37377464 PMCID: PMC10292123 DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2022.2115999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although insight in how adolescents' food intake is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic is critical, knowledge is limited. Hence, this longitudinal study (N = 691, Mage = 14.30, SDage = 0.62; 52.5% female) investigated changes in adolescents' unhealthy (sugar-sweetened beverages, sweet snacks, savoury snacks) and healthy (fruit and vegetables) food intake (in total, obtained from home, and from outside the home) from pre-pandemic (Spring 2019) to the first lockdown (Spring 2020) and to six months later (Fall 2020). Moreover, several moderating factors were assessed. Results showed that the intake of unhealthy and healthy food in total and obtained from outside the home decreased during the lockdown. Six months later, unhealthy food intake returned to pre-pandemic levels, while healthy food intake remained lower. COVID-19 stressful life events and maternal food intake further qualified these longer-term changes in intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit and vegetables, respectively. Future work is warranted to elucidate longer-term COVID-19 effects on adolescents' food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina van den Broek
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Junilla. K. Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Verhagen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - William J. Burk
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M. Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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Mutang JA, Chua BS, Hon KY, Siau CS, Wider W, Ismail R. Stressors, Psychological States, and Relationship Quality among East Malaysian Adults with Partners Amid the COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11258. [PMID: 36141527 PMCID: PMC9516986 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact not only on healthcare systems and economic threats but also on relationships. Due to the massive measures of the Movement Control Order, such as social distancing, strictly limited physical activities, and making adjustments to working from home-merged with the pandemic's fear-romantic partners may face challenges that affect the quality of their relationships. The purpose of this study was to (i) identify stressors experienced by participants during the COVID-19 lockdown, (ii) evaluate participants'psychological well-being before and during the lockdown, and (iii) see if participants' perceived relationship quality differed before and during the lockdown. An online self-report questionnaire was used to recruit 334 adults (58.1 percent female, 41.9 percent male) with partners (married = 304, engaged = 12, and in committed relationships = 17). Participants were asked about stressors they encountered as a result of COVID-19 using an open-ended question. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) were used to assess mental health, and the Perceived Relationship Quality Component (PRQC) Inventory was used to assess relationship quality. According to the findings, the top three common stressors reported by participants were financial problems, restricted movement, and fear of COVID-19 infection. Participants reported significantly higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression during the lockdown than before. The findings also revealed that participants' relationship quality improved during the lockdown compared to before the lockdown. The current study contributes by providing information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and the quality of couples' relationships during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Adela Mutang
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Bee Seok Chua
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kai Yee Hon
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Walton Wider
- Faculty of Business and Communications, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Ismail
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, Cyber 11, Cyberjaya 63000, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Neville RD, Lakes KD, Hopkins WG, Tarantino G, Draper CE, Beck R, Madigan S. Global Changes in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:886-894. [PMID: 35816330 PMCID: PMC9274449 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Numerous physical distancing measures were implemented to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 virus, which could have negatively affected child and adolescent physical activity levels. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature that used validated measures to document changes in child and adolescent physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and to estimate whether changes in physical activity differed between participant-level, contextual, and methodological moderators. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and MEDLINE were searched (from January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2022). A total of 1085 nonduplicate records were retrieved. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they reported (1) changes in the duration of physical activity at any intensity for children or adolescents (age ≤18 years) comparing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using validated physical activity measurement tools and were (2) from general population samples, (3) peer-reviewed, and (4) published in English. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS A total of 126 articles underwent full-text review. Data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis, which was conducted in January 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Change in the duration of engagement in physical activity at any intensity comparing before and during COVID-19. RESULTS Twenty-two studies including 46 independent samples and 79 effect sizes from 14 216 participants (median age, 10.5 years; range, 3-18 years) were included. The percentage change in the duration of engagement in total daily physical activity from before to during COVID-19 was -20% (90% CI, -34% to -4%). Moderation analyses revealed that changes were larger for higher-intensity activities (-32%; 90% CI, -44% to -16%), corresponding to a 17-minute reduction in children's daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels. The reduction in physical activity was also larger for samples located at higher latitudes (37%; 90% CI, -1% to 89%) and for studies with a longer duration between physical activity assessments (25%; 90% CI, -0.5% to 58%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Children and adolescents have experienced measurable reductions in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings underscore the need to provide bolstered access to support and resources related to physical activity to ensure good health and social functioning among children and adolescents during pandemic recovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Neville
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kimberley D. Lakes
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside
| | - Will G. Hopkins
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Giampiero Tarantino
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine E. Draper
- South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rosemary Beck
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Hedge ET, Hughson RL. Longitudinal assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass of young healthy adults during COVID-19 pandemic. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:622-628. [PMID: 35916663 PMCID: PMC9448336 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00253.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity was reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially when lockdowns were mandated; however, little is known about the impact of these lifestyle changes on objective measures of cardiorespiratory fitness. To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated the cardiorespiratory fitness of 14 young healthy adults (4 women, age: 27 ± 6 yr) just before the pandemic and after ∼1 yr of public health measures being in place. During fitness assessments, participants performed submaximal pseudorandom cycling exercise to assess cardiorespiratory kinetics, and a 25 W·min-1 ramp-incremental cycling test to determine peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2). Cluster analysis identified two subgroups of participants: those who had reduced peak V̇o2 at the 1-yr follow-up (-0.50 ± 0.17 L·min-1) and those whose peak V̇o2 was maintained (0.00 ± 0.10 L·min-1). Participants with reduced peak V̇o2 also exhibited slower heart rate kinetics (interaction: P = 0.01), reduced peak O2 pulse (interaction: P < 0.001), and lower peak work rate (interaction: P < 0.001) after 1 yr of the pandemic, whereas these variables were unchanged in the group of participants who maintained peak V̇o2. Regardless of changes in peak V̇o2, both subgroups of participants gained body mass (main effect: P = 0.002), which was negatively correlated with participants' level of self-reported physical activity level at the follow-up assessment (mass: ρ = -0.59, P = 0.03) These findings suggest that some young healthy individuals lost cardiorespiratory fitness during the pandemic, whereas others gained weight, but both changes could potentially increase the risk of adverse health outcomes and disease later in life if left unaddressed.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Some young healthy adults experienced cardiovascular deconditioning during the COVID-19 pandemic, with measurable reductions in cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas others experienced no change in fitness but gained body mass, which was related to self-reported physical activity during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hedge
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard L Hughson
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Barrett EM, Wyse J, Forde C. Did physical activity and associated barriers change during COVID-19 restrictions in Ireland? Repeated cross-sectional study. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:daac127. [PMID: 36130306 PMCID: PMC9494507 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This repeated cross-sectional study investigated physical activity and associated barriers and facilitators during the first two waves of COVID-19 restrictions in Ireland. An online, anonymous questionnaire collated data from adults during May (n = 1274) and November (n = 810) 2020. Statistical analysis used a combination of traditional significance testing and Bayesian lasso logistic regression. The pattern of physical activity changed significantly between waves (χ2 86.8 on 3df; p < 0.001). During wave 1 restrictions, the majority [46.1% (n = 587)] of participants reported being more active than usual, decreasing to 26.3% (n = 213) during wave 2. More participants reported that their activity levels were less than usual [W1 29% (n = 369); W2 35% (n = 283)] during wave 2. Adherence to physical activity guidelines decreased from 56.5% (n = 705) to 43.7% (n = 35). Being unable to access their usual means of exercise [OR, 95% OR intervals; W1 1.611 (1.370-1.904), W2 1.638 (1.3731.968)] and advice not to leave home [OR, 95% OR intervals; W1 1.401 (1.164-1.697), W2 1.367 (1.106-1.696)] predicted less activity than usual during both waves. Increased time [OR, 95% OR intervals; W1 2.326 (1.948-2.794), W2 1.809 (1.478-2.233)], and valuing physical activity as important [OR, 95% OR intervals; W1 1.192 (1.001-1.444), W2 1.253 (1.003-1.637)] predicted increased activity during both waves, whilst finding new ways to be active [OR, 95% OR intervals; 2.515 (1.641-3.887)] predicted more activity in wave 2 only. Increases in physical activity of Irish adults during the first phase of COVID-19 restrictions were not maintained during the second wave and barriers to physical activity persisted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer M Barrett
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jason Wyse
- Discipline of Statistics and Information Systems, School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cuisle Forde
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Lefferts EC, Saavedra JM, Song BK, Lee DC. Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061568. [PMID: 35329894 PMCID: PMC8952771 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether the COVID-19 pandemic has long-lasting effects on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior in the vulnerable older adult population is uncertain. A total of 387 older adults (75 ± 6 years) completed a retrospective questionnaire on time spent sitting, walking, and performing aerobic and muscle-strengthening PA before, during the first three months, and one year into the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether the participants met the aerobic and muscle-strengthening PA guidelines was then determined. Of the 387 older adults, 376 (97%) were vaccinated. The participants completed 361 ± 426, 293 ± 400, and 454 ± 501 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic PA before, during the first three months, and one year into the pandemic, respectively. During the same time periods, the participants performed muscle-strengthening PA 87 ± 157, 68 ± 163, and 90 ± 176 min/week, walked 2.4 ± 1.7, 2.3 ± 1.7, and 2.6 ± 1.9 h/day, and sat 6.2 ± 2.9, 7.4 ± 3.1, and 6.1 ± 2.9 h/day, respectively. Aerobic PA, muscle-strengthening PA, and walking time decreased, whereas sitting time increased, during the first three months of the pandemic (p < 0.05), and then returned to pre-pandemic levels after one year (p < 0.05). The percentage of participants meeting both aerobic and muscle-strengthening PA guidelines decreased during the first three months of the pandemic (48.9% to 33.5%, p < 0.001), but returned to pre-pandemic levels one year later (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly decreased PA and increased sitting time in older adults; however, both PA and sitting time returned to pre-pandemic levels after one year.
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15
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Eshelby V, Sogut M, Jolly K, Vlaev I, Elliott MT. Stay home and stay active? The impact of stay-at-home restrictions on physical activity routines in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:310-322. [PMID: 34720042 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1992885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated which population groups were impacted most in terms of physical activity levels during the restrictions applied during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed UK residents, sampled through users of a rewards-for-exercise app (Sweatcoin; n = 749) and an online panel (Prolific; n = 907). Of the app users, n = 487 further provided daily step-count data collected by the app, prior to, and during the periods of restrictions in the UK between March-June 2020. Regression models were used to investigate factors associated with self-reported change in physical activity and change in daily step-count during the periods of restrictions. Significant factors associated with self-reported change in physical activity included rural residents (positive, b = 0.87, p < 0.001), relative to urban dwellers, people classed as obese (negative, b = -0.51, p = 0.008, relative to healthy weight) and gym users (negative, b = -1.10, p < 0.001, relative to walkers). All groups had reduced step counts during restrictions, with Black, Asian and minority ethnic groups showing greater reductions compared to White British ethnicity (negative, b = -0.18, p = 0.008). Targeted interventions are required to ensure that physical and mental health impacts of sedentary behaviour are not exacerbated over the long-term by significant reductions in physical activity identified in these groups particularly those who are also more vulnerable to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Eshelby
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Muhammed Sogut
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kate Jolly
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ivo Vlaev
- Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mark T Elliott
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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16
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Cross TJ, Isautier JMJ, Morris SJ, Johnson BD, Wheatley-Guy CM, Taylor BJ. The Influence of Social Distancing Behaviors and Psychosocial Factors on Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e31278. [PMID: 34509976 PMCID: PMC8477911 DOI: 10.2196/31278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has arguably facilitated a shift toward increased sedentariness and reduced physical activity. Moreover, there is mounting evidence that mental health has also declined during the pandemic. However, it remains unknown to what extent social distancing (SD) behaviors and mental health have affected the physical activity levels of the general population. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of SD behaviors and prevailing mental health on the odds of being physically active during the early COVID-19 pandemic response. Methods A total of 4819 adults (2474/4819, 51.3%, female) from the US population with a median age of 46 (IQR 35-59) completed an online survey during the early pandemic response (April-June 2020). The survey included questions on adherence to 11 SD behaviors, and validated questionnaires which assessed self-reported physical activity, depression, anxiety, and mental well-being. Respondents were categorized into 2 physical activity groups: inactive (0-599 metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-minutes/week) and active (≥600 MET-minutes/week). A logistic generalized additive model (GAM) was used to determine which SD factors and mental health outcomes were associated with physical activity level. Results The GAM analysis revealed that wearing a facemask in public (odds ratio [OR] 1.46, 95% CI 1.14-1.79; P=.003), limiting the use of public transport (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.19-1.83; P=.001), and restricting travel outside the house (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.19-2.05; P=.002) were SD behaviors associated with higher odds of being more physically active. Conversely, avoiding physical activity outside the house was associated with higher odds of being inactive (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.46-0.63; P<.001). Leaving the house more frequently, and a higher mental well-being were associated with increasing odds of being physically active (P<.001). Engaging with a moderate number of SD behaviors (3-7 total) was positively associated with physical activity, whereas a very high SD vigilance (ie, engaging with ≥10 total behaviors) decreased the odds of being active during the early pandemic response. Conclusions Based on the findings of our study, we suggest that future public health messaging of SD guidelines should include (1) a clear portrayal of the benefits of regular exercise on mental health; and (2) a specific focus on how to be physically active outdoors in a COVID-safe manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy J Cross
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jennifer M J Isautier
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sarah J Morris
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Bryan J Taylor
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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Bhutani S, vanDellen MR, Haskins LB, Cooper JA. Energy Balance-Related Behavior Risk Pattern and Its Correlates During COVID-19 Related Home Confinement. Front Nutr 2021; 8:680105. [PMID: 34169088 PMCID: PMC8217605 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.680105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-reported weight gain during the COVID-19 shelter-at-home has raised concerns for weight increases as the pandemic continues. We aimed to investigate the relationship of psychological and health markers with energy balance-related behaviors during the pandemic-related extended home confinement. Ratings for stress, boredom, cravings, sleep, self-control, and beliefs about weight control were collected from 1,609 adults using a questionnaire between April 24th-May 4th, 2020, while COVID-19 associated shelter-in-place guidelines were instituted across the US. We calculated four energy balance behavior scores (physical activity risk index, unhealthy eating risk index, healthy eating risk index, sedentary behavior index), and conducted a latent profile analysis of the risk factors. We examined psychological and health correlates of these risk patterns. Boredom, cravings for sweet/savory foods, and high sleepiness ratings related to high risk of increasing unhealthy eating and sedentary behavior and decreasing physical activity and healthy eating. Having greater self-control, control over cravings, or positive mood was related to lowering all aspects of energy intake and energy expenditure risks. Although individuals in risk pattern classes showed similarity in physical activity and healthy/unhealthy eating habits, they exhibited different patterns of positive mood, craving control, food cravings, boredom, and self-control. Psychological and health variables may have a significant role to play in risk behaviors associated with weight gain during the COVID-19 related home confinement. Emerging behavioral patterns may be meaningful in developing targeted weight management interventions during the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Bhutani
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - LeeAnn B. Haskins
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jamie A. Cooper
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Salway R, Su TT, Ismail R, Glynis Armstrong ME, Foster C, Johnson L. The impact of COVID-19 movement restrictions on physical activity in a low-income semi-rural population in Malaysia: A longitudinal study. J Glob Health 2021; 11:05029. [PMID: 35003716 PMCID: PMC8710227 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.05029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic prompted movement restrictions in countries worldwide, impacting on physical activity (PA), a major non-communicable disease risk factor, and thus may have unintentional long-term health implications. In semi-rural areas of low-middle-income-countries (LMICs), where occupational activity is the main source of PA, changes in PA associated with COVID-19 restrictions are unknown. We investigated the impact of Movement Control Order (MCO) restrictions in a semi-rural region of Malaysia. METHODS The South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO) is a dynamic prospective community cohort. We contacted a random sample of 1007 adults (18+) who had previously provided PA data in 2018. We asked about PA during the MCO (March-May 2020) and at the time of interview (June 2020). RESULTS During the MCO, PA reduced by a mean of 6.7 hours/week (95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.3, 8.0) compared to 2018, with the largest reductions among those in employment. By June, PA was 3.4 hours/week (95% CI = 2.0, 4.8) less than 2018, leaving 34% of adults currently inactive (20% in 2018). Reductions in occupational PA were not replaced with active travel or activity at home. Despite these observed reductions, most participants did not think the MCO had affected their PA. CONCLUSIONS Movement restrictions are associated with lower PA lasting beyond the period of strict restrictions; such longer-term reductions in PA may have a detrimental impact on health. Future MCOs should encourage people to be active, but may additionally need targeted messaging for those who don't necessarily realise they are at risk. In particular, policies developed in more affluent countries may not easily translate to LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Salway
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition, and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Tin Tin Su
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), and Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia
| | - Roshidi Ismail
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), and Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia
| | | | - Charlie Foster
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition, and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Johnson
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition, and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, UK
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