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Chen W, Chen Y, Aslam MS, Shen J, Tong T, Yan S, Cheng W, Huang Z, Li J, Liu S, Li J, Zeng J, Li M, You Z, Meng X. The effect of acupuncture on lateral habenular nucleus and intestinal microflora in depression model rats. Behav Brain Res 2023; 455:114627. [PMID: 37619770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a severe emotional condition that significantly affects the quality of life. Acupuncture exerts preventive effects on depression in rats with post-chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Methods The study involved chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depression model mice to administer acupuncture as a preventative measure to investigate the mechanism of acupuncture's antidepressant and observe the effect of acupuncture on impact via the Lateral Habenula (LHb) and Gut-Liver-Brain Axis. The researcher investigated molecules correlating with a nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) pathway and assessed inflammation in the LHb and liver. In addition, 16 S rDNA bioinformatics study revealed the quantity and variety of gut microbiota. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (CON), CUMS, CUMS + acupuncture (AP), CUMS + fluoxetine (FX) and CUMS + N(G) -nitro -L- arginine methyl ester (LNAME) group. Except for the CON group, other rats were exposed to CUMS condition for 28 days. Simultaneously, manual acupuncture (at Fengfu and Shangxing acupoints, once every other day) and fluoxetine gavage (2.1 mg/kg, 0.21 mg/mL, daily) were conducted to the groups of AP and FX, respectively, after stressors. Rats in LNAME group were treated with LNAME normal saline (10 mg/kg, 1 mg/mL, i.p.) solution. Behavioural tests and biological detection methods were conducted sequentially to evaluate depressionlike phenotype in rats. RESULTS The results showed CUMS induced depression-like behaviours, hyper-activation of NO/cGMP signaling pathway, inflammation in serum, LHb and liver, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. These changes could be prevented and ameliorated by acupuncture to varying extents. CONCLUSION Acupuncture prevented and attenuated depression-like phenotype induced by CUMS, possibly via regulating the NO/cGMP signaling pathway and thus improving inflammation in serum, LHb and liver, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In addition, these can be evidence of the existence of the gut-liver-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yiping Chen
- First Clinical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | | | - Junliang Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Tao Tong
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Simin Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zichun Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, Longyan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longyan, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jingyu Zeng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Meng Li
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Zhuoran You
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xianjun Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, PR. China.
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Li YR, Li Y, Jin Y, Xu M, Fan HW, Zhang Q, Tan GH, Chen J, Li YQ. Involvement of nitrergic neurons in colonic motility in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3854-3868. [PMID: 36157548 PMCID: PMC9367233 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i29.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility with ulcerative colitis (UC) have not been fully elucidated. The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays an essential role in the GI motility. As a vital neurotransmitter in the ENS, the gas neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) may impact the colonic motility. In this study, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC rat model was used for investigating the effects of NO by examining the effects of rate-limiting enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) changes on the colonic motility as well as the role of the ENS in the colonic motility during UC. AIM To reveal the relationship between the effects of NOS expression changes in NOS-containing nitrergic neurons and the colonic motility in a rat UC model. METHODS Male rats (n = 8/each group) were randomly divided into a control (CG), a UC group (EG1), a UC + thrombin derived polypeptide 508 trifluoroacetic acid (TP508TFA; an NOS agonist) group (EG2), and a UC + NG-monomethyl-L-arginine monoacetate (L-NMMA; an NOS inhibitor) group (EG3). UC was induced by administering 5.5% DSS in drinking water without any other treatment (EG1), while the EG2 and EG3 were gavaged with TP508 TFA and L-NMMA, respectively. The disease activity index (DAI) and histological assessment were recorded for each group, whereas the changes in the proportion of colonic nitrergic neurons were counted using immunofluorescence histochemical staining, Western blot, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. In addition, the contractile tension changes in the circular and longitudinal muscles of the rat colon were investigated in vitro using an organ bath system. RESULTS The proportion of NOS-positive neurons within the colonic myenteric plexus (MP), the relative expression of NOS, and the NOS concentration in serum and colonic tissues were significantly elevated in EG1, EG2, and EG3 compared with CG rats. In UC rats, stimulation with agonists and inhibitors led to variable degrees of increase or decrease for each indicator in the EG2 and EG3. When the rats in EGs developed UC, the mean contraction tension of the colonic smooth muscle detected in vitro was higher in the EG1, EG2, and EG3 than in the CG group. Compared with the EG1, the contraction amplitude and mean contraction tension of the circular and longitudinal muscles of the colon in the EG2 and EG3 were enhanced and attenuated, respectively. Thus, during UC, regulation of the expression of NOS within the MP improved the intestinal motility, thereby favoring the recovery of intestinal functions. CONCLUSION In UC rats, an increased number of nitrergic neurons in the colonic MP leads to the attenuation of colonic motor function. To intervene NOS activity might modulate the function of nitrergic neurons in the colonic MP and prevent colonic motor dysfunction. These results might provide clues for a novel approach to alleviate diarrhea symptoms of UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Rong Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Mang Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hong-Wei Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Guo-He Tan
- Key Lab of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
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The Breast Cancer Protooncogenes HER2, BRCA1 and BRCA2 and Their Regulation by the iNOS/NOS2 Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061195. [PMID: 35740092 PMCID: PMC9227079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS2) and derived NO in various cancers was reported to exert pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the levels of expression and the tumor types. In humans, the breast cancer level of iNOS was reported to be overexpressed, to exhibit pro-tumorigenic activities, and to be of prognostic significance. Likewise, the expression of the oncogenes HER2, BRCA1, and BRCA2 has been associated with malignancy. The interrelationship between the expression of these protooncogenes and oncogenes and the expression of iNOS is not clear. We have hypothesized that there exist cross-talk signaling pathways between the breast cancer protooncogenes, the iNOS axis, and iNOS-mediated NO mutations of these protooncogenes into oncogenes. We review the molecular regulation of the expression of the protooncogenes in breast cancer and their interrelationships with iNOS expression and activities. In addition, we discuss the roles of iNOS, HER2, BRCA1/2, and NO metabolism in the pathophysiology of cancer stem cells. Bioinformatic analyses have been performed and have found suggested molecular alterations responsible for breast cancer aggressiveness. These include the association of BRCA1/2 mutations and HER2 amplifications with the dysregulation of the NOS pathway. We propose that future studies should be undertaken to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression of iNOS and various breast cancer oncogenes, with the aim of identifying new therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancers that are refractory to current treatments.
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Taurone S, Ralli M, Artico M, Madia VN, Scarpa S, Nottola SA, Maconi A, Betti M, Familiari P, Nebbioso M, Costi R, Micera A. Oxidative stress and visual system: a review. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:544-553. [PMID: 35651654 PMCID: PMC9150018 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-4663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Different types of tissues respond differently to the action of oxidative stress. The visual system is very sensitive to oxidative action due to continuous exposure to light. In consideration of the growing interest of scientific studies towards various compounds endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we performed a review of the literature focusing on the use of some antioxidant molecules for the treatment of conditions affecting the visual system. In this study, we focused on the ability of two antioxidant agents, the small molecule α-lipoic acid (ALA) and the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), to influence the neurodegenerative physiological processes related to aging and oxidative stress affecting the ocular segment. The literature data report that ALA and SOD can protect against neurodegenerative effects both the optic nerve and retina and, if administered together, they are able to lower the levels of oxidative stress, thus preventing neurodegeneration and reducing the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sensory Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Noemi Madia
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Scarpa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Annarita Nottola
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Maconi
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure, Research and Innovation Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Marta Betti
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure, Research and Innovation Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Pietro Familiari
- Department of Human Neurosciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sensory Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Costi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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5
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O'Connell AA, Abdalla TE, Radulovich AA, Best JC, Wood EG. Curcumin Supplementation and Endometrial Lining: Examining the Role and Pathophysiology of Use During Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer. Cureus 2021; 13:e20415. [PMID: 35036231 PMCID: PMC8754353 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a commonly used herbal supplement purported for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. The effects of curcumin supplementation on endometrial lining have been proposed; however, endometrial preparation in the case of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) has not been established. This case series references two scenarios where turmeric was ingested by the patient, and endometrial thickness was subsequently reduced disrupting the FET cycle. Throughout this case series, curcumin's possible interactions with the uterine lining are summarized. Additionally, these cases highlight the importance of physicians’ awareness of taking a full history of any herbal remedies or supplements in addition to prescription or over-the-counter medications taken when undergoing treatment for controlled FET cycles or in-vitro fertilization (IVF). To our knowledge, no studies to date have investigated this relationship.
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6
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Ferrini MG, Abraham A, Graciano L, Nguyen S, Mills JN, Rajfer J. Activation of the iNOS/NO/cGMP pathway by Revactin® in human corporal smooth muscle cells. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:2889-2898. [PMID: 34430391 PMCID: PMC8350259 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The combination of the nutraceuticals, Paullinia cupana, ginger rhizome, muira puama, and the amino acid L-citrulline (COMP-4) has been shown to stimulate the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), and cGMP in rat corpora cavernosa smooth muscle cells (CSMC). When administered to middle-aged rats, long-term treatment with COMP-4 resulted in both an increase in the number of CSMC and an improvement in erectile function. We, therefore, aimed to determine whether a commercial formulation of COMP-4, Revactin®, could have a similar stimulatory effect on human CSMC. Methods Primary human CSMC cultures (HCSMC) were grown and incubated with Revactin® for up to 24 hours. cGMP generation and nitrite formation were determined by ELISA and Griess reaction, respectively. IBMX (1 mM), sildenafil (0.4 mM), and L-NIL (4 µM) were utilized as modulators of the NO-cGMP pathway. iNOS, endothelial NOS (eNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS) expressions were determined by Western blot. Results Revactin® up-regulated both nitrite formation and cGMP expression, achieving the highest expression at 24 hours in the HCSMC. These effects were completely blocked by L-NIL. Revactin® up-regulated iNOS expression, but not that of eNOS or nNOS. Conclusions The results presented in this study confirmed that Revactin® activated the iNOS-NO-cGMP pathway intracellularly in HCSMC. It still needs to be determined whether the upregulation of this pathway would be an effective approach for counteracting the fibrosis and apoptosis of the corporal smooth muscle cells associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica G Ferrini
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Abraham
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leslie Graciano
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sabine Nguyen
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jesse N Mills
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Rajfer
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Peng G, Montenegro MF, Ntola CNM, Vranic S, Kostarelos K, Vogt C, Toprak MS, Duan T, Leifer K, Bräutigam L, Lundberg JO, Fadeel B. Nitric oxide-dependent biodegradation of graphene oxide reduces inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16730-16737. [PMID: 32785315 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03675g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biological fate of graphene-based materials such as graphene oxide (GO) is crucial to assess adverse effects following intentional or inadvertent exposure. Here we provide first evidence of biodegradation of GO in the gastrointestinal tract using zebrafish as a model. Raman mapping was deployed to assess biodegradation. The degradation was blocked upon knockdown of nos2a encoding the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or by pharmacological inhibition of NOS using l-NAME, demonstrating that the process was nitric oxide (NO)-dependent. NO-dependent degradation of GO was further confirmed in vitro by combining a superoxide-generating system, xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO), with an NO donor (PAPA NONOate), or by simultaneously producing superoxide and NO by decomposition of SIN-1. Finally, by using the transgenic strain Tg(mpx:eGFP) to visualize the movement of neutrophils, we could show that inhibition of the degradation of GO resulted in increased neutrophil infiltration into the gastrointestinal tract, indicative of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Peng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marcelo F Montenegro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chifundo N M Ntola
- National Graphene Institute, and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sandra Vranic
- National Graphene Institute, and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- National Graphene Institute, and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK and Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Vogt
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammet S Toprak
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tianbo Duan
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klaus Leifer
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Stettner N, Rosen C, Bernshtein B, Gur-Cohen S, Frug J, Silberman A, Sarver A, Carmel-Neiderman NN, Eilam R, Biton I, Pevsner-Fischer M, Zmora N, Brandis A, Bahar Halpern K, Mazkereth R, di Bernardo D, Brunetti-Pierri N, Premkumar MH, Dank G, Nagamani SCS, Jung S, Harmelin A, Erez A. Induction of Nitric-Oxide Metabolism in Enterocytes Alleviates Colitis and Inflammation-Associated Colon Cancer. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1962-1976. [PMID: 29768197 PMCID: PMC5976577 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an established role in numerous physiological and pathological processes, but the specific cellular sources of NO in disease pathogenesis remain unclear, preventing the implementation of NO-related therapy. Argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) is the only enzyme able to produce arginine, the substrate for NO generation by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms. Here, we generated cell-specific conditional ASL knockout mice in combination with genetic and chemical colitis models. We demonstrate that NO derived from enterocytes alleviates colitis by decreasing macrophage infiltration and tissue damage, whereas immune cell-derived NO is associated with macrophage activation, resulting in increased severity of inflammation. We find that induction of endogenous NO production by enterocytes with supplements that upregulate ASL expression and complement its substrates results in improved epithelial integrity and alleviation of colitis and of inflammation-associated colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Stettner
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chava Rosen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; The Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Biana Bernshtein
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shiri Gur-Cohen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Julia Frug
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Silberman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alona Sarver
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inbal Biton
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Niv Zmora
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keren Bahar Halpern
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ram Mazkereth
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Diego di Bernardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy; Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Engineering, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Muralidhar H Premkumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gillian Dank
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sandesh C S Nagamani
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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9
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Tristetraprolin targets Nos2 expression in the colonic epithelium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14413. [PMID: 31595002 PMCID: PMC6783411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP), encoded by the Zfp36 gene, is a zinc-finger protein that regulates RNA stability primarily through association with 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs) of target mRNAs. While TTP is expressed abundantly in the intestines, its function in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is unknown. Here we used a cre-lox system to remove Zfp36 in the mouse epithelium to uncover a role for TTP in IECs and to identify target genes in these cells. While TTP was largely dispensable for establishment and maintenance of the colonic epithelium, we found an expansion of the proliferative zone and an increase in goblet cell numbers in the colon crypts of Zfp36ΔIEC mice. Furthermore, through RNA-sequencing of transcripts isolated from the colons of Zfp36fl/fl and Zfp36ΔIEC mice, we found that expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNos or Nos2) was elevated in TTP-knockout IECs. We demonstrate that TTP interacts with AU-rich elements in the Nos2 3′ UTR and suppresses Nos2 expression. In comparison to control Zfp36fl/fl mice, Zfp36ΔIEC mice were less susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis. Together, these results demonstrate that TTP in IECs targets Nos2 expression and aggravates acute colitis.
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10
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Ding L, Yuan X, Yan J, Huang Y, Xu M, Yang Z, Yang N, Wang M, Zhang C, Zhang L. Nrf2 exerts mixed inflammation and glucose metabolism regulatory effects on murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 71:198-204. [PMID: 30913518 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that mediates a broad range of cellular antioxidative, detoxification and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the precise mechanism by which Nrf2 regulates inflammation and metabolism in macrophages remains controversial and unclear. To further clarify the roles of Nrf2 in inflammation and glucose metabolism regulation, retrovirus-mediated knockdown of Nrf2 was performed in murine RAW264.7 macrophages, and the cells were stimulated with 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide for 24 h for M1 activation. qPCR and western blotting results indicated that Nrf2 knockdown significantly enhanced expression of the inflammatory genes Il1a and Il1b in unstimulated macrophages and increased expression of the inflammatory genes Il1a, Il1b, Il6, Il10, Ccl2, Ccl22, and CD38 but decreased that of Tnfa and Tgfb1 in M1 macrophages. Nrf2 knockdown also significantly elevated IL6 and IL10 secretion by M1 macrophages. Western blotting showed that Nrf2 knockdown reduced iNOS protein levels in resting macrophages and enhanced CD38 protein levels in both resting and M1 macrophages. The differential regulation of these macrophage inflammation and polarization markers by Nrf2 reveals multiple roles for Nrf2 in regulating inflammation in macrophages. Moreover, Nrf2 knockdown increased the Glu4 protein level and decreased AKT and GSK3β protein phosphorylation in M1 macrophages, suggesting multiple roles for Nrf2 in regulating glucose metabolism in macrophages. Overall, our results are the first to demonstrate mixed inflammation and glucose metabolism regulatory effects of Nrf2 in macrophages that may occur independent of its classic function in redox regulation. These findings support the potential of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of inflammation- and obesity-associated syndromes, including diabetes and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Brain Aging and Cognitive, Neuroscience Laboratory of Hebei Province, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Mulin Xu
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Manting Wang
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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11
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Wu JJ, Yuan XM, Huang C, An GY, Liao ZL, Liu GA, Chen RX. Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid prevents iNOS induction triggered by lipopolysaccharide via suppression of iNOS mRNA transcription in murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 68:218-225. [PMID: 30658315 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a molecule critical for the development of inflammation-associated disorders. Its induction should be tightly controlled in order to maintain cellular homeostasis. Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, iNOS, in most settings, is induced by the activation of inhibitor of κB-α (IκB-α)-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid (FTS), a synthetic small molecule that is considered to detach Ras from the inner cell membrane, has been shown to exhibit numerous anti-inflammatory functions. However, it remains unclear whether and how it affects iNOS induction in macrophages. The present study addressed this issue in cultured macrophages and endotoxemic mice. Results showed that FTS pretreatment significantly prevented LPS-induced increases in iNOS protein and mRNA expression levels in murine cultured macrophages, which were confirmed in organs in vivo from endotoxemic mice, such as the liver and lung. Mechanistic studies revealed that FTS pretreatment did not affect IκB-α degradation and NF-κB activation in LPS-treated macrophages. The nuclear transport of the active NF-κB was also not affected by FTS. But FTS pretreatment reduced the binding of NF-κB to its DNA elements, and reduced NF-κB bindings to iNOS promoter inside LPS-treated macrophages. Finally, our results showed that FST pretreatment increased mouse survival rate compared to LPS alone treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that FTS attenuates iNOS induction in macrophages likely through inhibition of iNOS mRNA transcription, providing further insight into the molecular mechanism of action of FTS in inflammatory disorder therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, #118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yuan
- Heart Failure Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guo-Yin An
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, #118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhan-Ling Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, #118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-An Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, #118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Run-Xiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, #118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Faso C, Hehl AB. A cytonaut's guide to protein trafficking in Giardia lamblia. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2019; 106:105-127. [PMID: 31630756 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, the subcellular organization of the Excavata member Giardia lamblia (syn. duodenalis, intestinalis) has been investigated in considerable detail. There are several reasons for this endeavour which go beyond this parasite's medical importance and are mostly concerned with its reduced subcellular complexity and debated evolutionary status. One may say that simplification has emerged as a paradigm for the evolution of Giardia's subcellular architecture. However, a complete appreciation of the evolutionary and ecological significance of this phenomenon is far from complete. In this chapter, we present and discuss the most recent data on the main trafficking pathways in G. lamblia which include endo- and exo-cytosis, organellar import and function. We provide perspectives on open questions concerning organelle replication and inheritance and include a technical outlook on methods and approaches to genetic manipulations in G. lamblia. A better understanding of G. lamblia subcellular organization at the morphological and molecular level complements any effort aimed at elucidating this parasitic species' evolutionary status and could provide us with the basis for novel strategies to interfere with parasite transmission and/or pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Faso
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich (ZH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adrian B Hehl
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich (ZH), Zürich, Switzerland.
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Varasteh S, Braber S, Kraneveld AD, Garssen J, Fink-Gremmels J. l-Arginine supplementation prevents intestinal epithelial barrier breakdown under heat stress conditions by promoting nitric oxide synthesis. Nutr Res 2018; 57:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Rodrigues MJ, Custódio L, Lopes A, Oliveira M, Neng NR, Nogueira JMF, Martins A, Rauter AP, Varela J, Barreira L. Unlocking the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of Polygonum maritimum. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1348-1357. [PMID: 28301958 PMCID: PMC6130642 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1301493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Several Polygonum species (Polygonaceae) are used in traditional medicine in Asia, Europe and Africa to treat inflammation and diabetes. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of methanol and dichloromethane extracts of leaves and roots of the halophyte Polygonum maritimum L. MATERIAL AND METHODS Antioxidant activity was determined (up to 1 mg/mL) as radical-scavenging activity (RSA) of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), copper (CCA) and iron (ICA) chelating activities and iron reducing power (FRAP). NO production was measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages for 24 h at concentrations up to 100 μg/mL and antidiabetic potential was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition (up to 10 mg/mL) assays. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS The methanol leaf extract had the highest activity against DPPH• (IC50 = 26 μg/mL) and ABTS+• (IC50 = 140 μg/mL), FRAP (IC50 = 48 μg/mL) and CCA (IC50 = 770 μg/mL). Only the dichloromethane leaf extract (LDCM) showed anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 = 48 μg/mL). The methanol root (IC50 = 19 μg/mL) and leaf (IC50 = 29 μg/mL) extracts strongly inhibited baker's yeast α-glucosidase, but LDCM had higher rat's α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 2527 μg/mL) than acarbose (IC50 = 4638 μg/mL). GC-MS analysis identified β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, 1-octacosanol and linolenic acid as possible molecules responsible for the observed bioactivities. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest P. maritimum as a source of high-value health promoting commodities for alleviating symptoms associated with oxidative and inflammatory diseases, including diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luísa Custódio
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Andreia Lopes
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marta Oliveira
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nuno R. Neng
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M. F. Nogueira
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alice Martins
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Amélia P. Rauter
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Varela
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- CONTACT Luísa BarreiraCCMAR Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139Faro, Portugal
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15
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Choi EK, Jung H, Kwak KH, Yi SJ, Lim JA, Park SH, Park JM, Kim S, Jee DL, Lim DG. Inhibition of Oxidative Stress in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:204-213. [PMID: 27607480 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superoxide, nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite are important mediators in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We tested the renoprotective effects of allopurinol (ALP), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrinato iron (III) (FeTMPyP) by selective inhibition of superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite, respectively. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 6 per group). Group 1 was a sham-operated group. Group 2 was the renal I/R group (30-minute ischemia followed by 24-hour reperfusion). Rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 received ALP, L-NAME, or FeTMPyP, respectively, at 5 minutes before the reperfusion. Serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal tissue malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, histological changes, apoptosis, and monocyte infiltration were evaluated. In addition, the combined treatment with ALP and L-NAME was compared with FeTMPyP in a second independent experiment. RESULTS The administration of ALP, L-NAME, and FeTMPyP diminished the increase in Cr (P = .0066 for all) and BUN (P = .0066 for ALP; and P = .013 for L-NAME) induced by I/R injury and decreased the histological damage (P = .0066 for all). In addition, ALP, L-NAME, and FeTMPyP attenuated the oxidative stress response as determined by a decrease in malondialdehyde level (P = .0066 for all), apoptotic renal tubular cells (P = .0066 for all), and monocyte infiltration (P = .0066 for all). The combined treatment of ALP and L-NAME decreased Cr and BUN levels to a greater degree than FeTMPyP (P = .016 for Cr; P = .0079 for BUN). CONCLUSIONS Superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite are involved in renal I/R injury. The reduction of peroxynitrite formation, via inhibition of superoxide or NO, or the induction of peroxynitrite decomposition may be beneficial in renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Choi
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; and †Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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16
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Casillan AJ, Chao J, Wood JG, Gonzalez NC. Acclimatization of the systemic microcirculation to alveolar hypoxia is mediated by an iNOS-dependent increase in nitric oxide availability. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:974-982. [PMID: 28302706 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00322.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats breathing 10% O2 show a rapid and widespread systemic microvascular inflammation that results from nitric oxide (NO) depletion secondary to increased reactive O2 species (ROS) generation. The inflammation eventually resolves, and the microcirculation becomes resistant to more severe hypoxia. These experiments were directed to determine the mechanisms underlying this microvascular acclimatization process. Intravital microscopy of the mesentery showed that after 3 wk of hypoxia (barometric pressure ~380 Torr; partial pressure of inspired O2 ~68-70 Torr), rats showed no evidence of inflammation; however, treatment with the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor L-N6-(1-iminoethyl) lysine dihydrochloride led to ROS generation, leukocyte-endothelial adherence and emigration, and increased vascular permeability. Mast cells harvested from normoxic rats underwent degranulation when exposed in vitro to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), the proximate mediator of mast cell degranulation in acute hypoxia. Mast cell degranulation by MCP-1 was prevented by the NO donor spermine-NONOate. MCP-1 did not induce degranulation of mast cells harvested from 6-day hypoxic rats; however, pretreatment with either the general NOS inhibitor L-NG-monomethyl arginine citrate or the selective iNOS inhibitor N-[3-(aminomethyl) benzyl] acetamidine restored the effect of MCP-1. iNOS was demonstrated in mast cells and alveolar macrophages of acclimatized rats. Nitrate + nitrite plasma levels decreased significantly in acute hypoxia and were restored after 6 days of acclimatization. The results support the hypothesis that the microvascular acclimatization to hypoxia results from the restoration of the ROS/NO balance mediated by iNOS expression at key sites in the inflammatory cascade.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study shows that the systemic inflammation of acute hypoxia resolves via an inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase-induced restoration of the reactive O2 species/NO balance in the systemic microcirculation. It is proposed that the acute systemic inflammation may represent the first step of the microvascular acclimatization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred J Casillan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and
| | - John G Wood
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and.,Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Norberto C Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and
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Simioni PU, Fernandes LG, Tamashiro WM. Downregulation of L-arginine metabolism in dendritic cells induces tolerance to exogenous antigen. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:44-57. [PMID: 27903843 PMCID: PMC5806782 DOI: 10.1177/0394632016678873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are potential tools for therapeutic applications and several strategies to generate tolerogenic DCs are under investigation. When activated by cytokines and microbial products, DCs express mediators that modulate immune responses. In this regard, the metabolites generated by the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase in DCs seem to play important roles. Here, we evaluated the effects of adoptive transfer of DCs generated in vitro from bone marrow precursors (BMDC) modulated with L-NAME (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) and NOHA (NG-Hydroxy-L-arginine), inhibitors of iNOS and arginase, respectively, upon the immune response of the wild type (BALB/c) and OVA-TCR transgenic (DO11.10) mice. The modulation with L-NAME increased CD86 expression in BMDC, whereas treatment with NOHA increased both CD80 and CD86 expression. Adoptive transfer of either L-NAME- or NOHA-modulated BMDCs to BALB/c mice reduced the plasma levels of ovalbumin-specific antibody as well as proliferation and cytokine secretion in cultures of spleen cells in comparison adoptive transfer of non-modulated DCs. Conversely, transfer of both modulated and non-modulated BMDCs had no effect on immune response of DO11.10 mice. Together, these results show that the treatment with iNOS and Arg inhibitors leads to increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules in DCs, and provides evidences that L-arginine metabolism may be an important therapeutic target for modulating immune responses in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia U Simioni
- 1 Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,2 Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Americana, FAM, Americana, SP, Brazil.,3 Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Gr Fernandes
- 2 Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Americana, FAM, Americana, SP, Brazil.,4 Medical School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wirla Msc Tamashiro
- 1 Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Limonium algarvense flowers' infusions and decoctions: A comparison with green tea (Camellia sinensis). Food Chem 2016; 200:322-9. [PMID: 26830595 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and toxicity of infusions and decoctions of Limonium algarvense flowers, and green tea. The total contents in different phenolic groups and the quantification of individual phenolics by HPLC are also reported. L. algarvense and green tea had similar antioxidant properties, except for hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity, higher on green tea, and iron chelating potential, higher on L. algarvense. The later species also had the uppermost anti-inflammatory potential. Green tea decoction had the highest content of phenolic groups, but the infusion of L. algarvense had higher amounts of salicylic, gallic and coumaric acids. L. algarvense was not toxic, whereas green tea was toxic for S17 cells. Under our experimental conditions, infusions and decoctions of L. algarvense flowers had similar or higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties than green tea, and thus, may be useful for alleviating symptoms associated with oxidative and inflammatory-related diseases.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Combination of Scutellariae Radix and Liriopis Tuber Water Extract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:203965. [PMID: 26604969 PMCID: PMC4641954 DOI: 10.1155/2015/203965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Scutellariae Radix and Liriopis Tuber have been used to treat the inflammatory diseases in traditional Korean medicine and anti-inflammatory effect of each herb has been shown partially in several articles. However, the combined extract of these medicinal herbs (SL) has not been reported for its anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of SL on the creation of several proinflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 cell mouse macrophages induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SL inhibited significantly the increase of NO, the release of intracellular calcium, the increase of interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and MIP-2), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell at the concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL, and SL inhibited significantly the increase of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) at the concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/mL, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) at the concentration of 25 μg/mL. These results implicate that SL has anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the production of various inflammatory mediators in macrophages. But SL did not inhibit significantly the increase of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and Regulated on Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES); therefore, further study is demanded for the follow-up research to find out the possibility of SL as a preventive and therapeutic medicine for various inflammatory diseases.
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Nebbioso M, Scarsella G, Librando A, Pescosolido N. Biomolecular Modulation of Neurodegenerative Events during Ageing. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:978654. [PMID: 26583065 PMCID: PMC4637103 DOI: 10.1155/2015/978654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective is to assess the modulation of retinal and optic nerve degenerative events induced by the combination of α-lipoic acid (ALA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in an animal model of ageing. For this study, 24 male Wistar-Harlan strain rats were left to age for up to 24 months. One group of rats was subjected to a diet supplemented with ALA and SOD for 8 weeks, while another group was used as a positive control and not subjected to any dietary treatment. To assess the cytoprotective effects of the antioxidants, a morphological analysis was carried out on sections of retina and optic nerve head, stained with haematoxylin-eosin, followed by an analysis of the modifications to nuclear DNA detected by the TUNEL technique. The lipid peroxidation assay was used to assess the damage induced by oxidative stress at cell membrane level. The molecules involved in apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress, such as caspase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, were also assayed by immunolocalization and western blot. ALA and SOD are able to counteract senile neurodegenerative deterioration to the retina and optic nerve. Indeed, the combination of these antioxidant molecules can reduce oxidative stress levels and thus prevent both nuclear degradation and subsequent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Scarsella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aloisa Librando
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Pescosolido
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Geriatric, and Anesthetic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Filipczak PT, Senft AP, Seagrave J, Weber W, Kuehl PJ, Fredenburgh LE, McDonald JD, Baron RM. NOS-2 Inhibition in Phosgene-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:89-100. [PMID: 25870319 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosgene exposure via an industrial or warfare release produces severe acute lung injury (ALI) with high mortality, characterized by massive pulmonary edema, disruption of epithelial tight junctions, surfactant dysfunction, and oxidative stress. There are no targeted treatments for phosgene-induced ALI. Previous studies demonstrated that nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2) is upregulated in the lungs after phosgene exposure; however, the role of NOS-2 in the pathogenesis of phosgene-induced ALI remains unknown. We previously demonstrated that NOS-2 expression in lung epithelium exacerbates inhaled endotoxin-induced ALI in mice, mediated partially through downregulation of surfactant protein B (SP-B) expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that a selective NOS-2 inhibitor delivered to the lung epithelium by inhalation would mitigate phosgene-induced ALI. Inhaled phosgene produced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, histologic lung injury, and lung NOS-2 expression at 24 h. Administration of the selective NOS-2 inhibitor 1400 W via inhalation, but not via systemic delivery, significantly attenuated phosgene-induced ALI and preserved epithelial barrier integrity. Furthermore, aerosolized 1400 W augmented expression of SP-B and prevented downregulation of tight junction protein zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), both critical for maintenance of normal lung physiology and barrier integrity. We also demonstrate for the first time that NOS-2-derived nitric oxide downregulates the ZO-1 expression at the transcriptional level in human lung epithelial cells, providing a novel target for ameliorating vascular leak in ALI. Our data demonstrate that lung NOS-2 plays a critical role in the development of phosgene-induced ALI and suggest that aerosolized NOS-2 inhibitors offer a novel therapeutic strategy for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr T Filipczak
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Albert P Senft
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - JeanClare Seagrave
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Waylon Weber
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Philip J Kuehl
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Laura E Fredenburgh
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jacob D McDonald
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Rebecca M Baron
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Jung YJ, Jung JI, Cho HJ, Choi MS, Sung MK, Yu R, Kang YH, Park JHY. Berteroin present in cruciferous vegetables exerts potent anti-inflammatory properties in murine macrophages and mouse skin. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20686-705. [PMID: 25393510 PMCID: PMC4264190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Berteroin (5-methylthiopentyl isothiocyanate) is a sulforaphane analog present in cruciferous vegetables, including Chinese cabbage, rucola salad leaves, and mustard oil. We examined whether berteroin exerts anti-inflammatory activities using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse skin inflammation models. Berteroin decreased LPS-induced release of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Berteroin inhibited LPS-induced degradation of inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and nuclear factor-κB p65 translocation to the nucleus and DNA binding activity. Furthermore, berteroin suppressed degradation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase and phosphorylation of transforming growth factor β activated kinase-1. Berteroin also inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and AKT. In the mouse ear, berteroin effectively suppressed TPA-induced edema formation and down-regulated iNOS and COX-2 expression as well as phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2. These results demonstrate that berteroin exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties and suggest that berteroin can be developed as a skin anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Jae In Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Han Jin Cho
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research and Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea.
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea.
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
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Han MH, Lee MH, Hong SH, Choi YH, Moon JS, Song MK, Kim MJ, Shin SJ, Hwang HJ. Comparison of Anti-inflammatory Activities among Ethanol Extracts of Sophora flavescens, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Dictamnus dasycarpus, and their Mixtures in RAW 246.7 Murine Macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2014.24.3.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 are considered proinflammatory mediators of atherosclerosis. Known as calgranulins, they are major components of neutrophils and are upregulated in macrophages and foam cells. They influence leukocyte recruitment, and may propagate inflammation by binding TLR4 and/or receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). However, the receptors for calgranulins remain an enigma; we have no evidence for TLR4 or RAGE activation by S100A8 or S100A12. Moreover, gene regulation studies suggest antiinflammatory functions for S100A8 and emerging reports indicate pleiotropic roles. Unlike S100A9, S100A8 effectively scavenges oxidants generated by the myeloperoxidase system in vivo, forming novel thiol modifications. S100A8 is also readily S-nitrosylated, stabilizing nitric oxide and transporting it to hemoglobin. S100A8-SNO reduces leukocyte transmigration in the vasculature. S-glutathionylation of S100A9 modifies its effects on leukocyte adhesion. Both S100A8 forms inhibit mast cell activation, at least partially by scavenging reactive oxygen species required for signaling. Conversely, S100A12 activates and sequesters mast cells. However S100A12 suppresses proinflammatory cytokine induction by SAA-activated monocytes and macrophages, and inhibits matrix metalloprotease activity. We propose that the abundance and types of cells expressing calgranulins in particular microenvironments, their relative concentrations and post-translational modifications may have distinct functional outcomes, including those that are protective, at different stages of atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Geczy
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales
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Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on glutamine action in a bacterial translocation model. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:93-100. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine may be a precursor for NO synthesis, which may play a crucial role in bacterial translocation (BT). The goal of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of glutamine on BT and the immunological response in an experimental model of NO synthase inhibition by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). Mice were randomly assigned to four groups: sham; intestinal obstruction (IO); IO+500 mg/kg per d glutamine (GLN); IO+GLN plus 10 mg/kg per d l-NAME (GLN/LN). The groups were pretreated for 7 d. BT was induced by ileal ligation and was assessed 18 h later by measuring the radioactivity of 99mTc-Escherichiacoli in the blood and organs. Mucosal damage was determined using a histological analysis. Intestinal permeability (IP) was assessed by measuring the levels of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid in the blood at 4, 8 and 18 h after surgery. IgA and cytokine concentrations were determined by ELISA in the intestinal fluid and plasma, respectively. BT was increased in the GLN/LN and IO groups than in the GLN and sham groups. IP and intestinal mucosa structure of the sham, GLN and GLN/LN groups were similar. The GLN group had the highest levels of interferon-γ, while IL-10 and secretory IgA levels were higher than those of the IO group but similar to those of the GLN/LN group. The present results suggest that effects of the glutamine pathway on BT were mediated by NO. The latter also interferes with the pro-inflammatory systemic immunological response. On the other hand, IP integrity preserved by the use of glutamine is independent of NO.
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Kwak CS, Lee KJ, Chang JH, Park JH, Cho JH, Park JH, Kim KM, Lee MS. In vitro Antioxidant, Anti-allergic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Korean Sweet Potato Leaves and Stalks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.3.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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A combination of 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies of benzimidazole-quinolinone derivatives as iNOS inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11210-11227. [PMID: 23109848 PMCID: PMC3472740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) has been involved in a variety of diseases, and thus it is interesting to discover and optimize new iNOS inhibitors. In previous studies, a series of benzimidazole-quinolinone derivatives with high inhibitory activity against human iNOS were discovered. In this work, three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSAR), molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches were applied to investigate the functionalities of active molecular interaction between these active ligands and iNOS. A QSAR model with R2 of 0.9356, Q2 of 0.8373 and Pearson-R value of 0.9406 was constructed, which presents a good predictive ability in both internal and external validation. Furthermore, a combined analysis incorporating the obtained model and the MD results indicates: (1) compounds with the proper-size hydrophobic substituents at position 3 in ring-C (R3 substituent), hydrophilic substituents near the X6 of ring-D and hydrophilic or H-bond acceptor groups at position 2 in ring-B show enhanced biological activities; (2) Met368, Trp366, Gly365, Tyr367, Phe363, Pro344, Gln257, Val346, Asn364, Met349, Thr370, Glu371 and Tyr485 are key amino acids in the active pocket, and activities of iNOS inhibitors are consistent with their capability to alter the position of these important residues, especially Glu371 and Thr370. The results provide a set of useful guidelines for the rational design of novel iNOS inhibitors.
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Kang HW. Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Extracts from Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.8.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wu GS, Jiang M, Liu YH, Nagaoka Y, Rao NA. Phenotype of transgenic mice overexpressed with inducible nitric oxide synthase in the retina. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43089. [PMID: 22905206 PMCID: PMC3414486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike its constitutive isoforms, including neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) along with a series of cytokines are generated in inflammatory pathologic conditions in retinal photoreceptors. In this study, we constructed transgenic mice overexpressing iNOS in the retina to evaluate the effect of sustained, intense iNOS generation in the photoreceptor damage. METHODS For construction of opsin/iNOS transgene in the CMVSport 6 expression vector, the 4.4 kb Acc65I/Xhol mouse rod opsin promoter was ligated upstream to a 4.1 kb fragment encoding the complete mouse cDNA of iNOS. From the four founders identified, two heterozygote lines and one homozygote line were established. The presence of iNOS in the retina was confirmed and the pathologic role of iNOS was assessed by detecting nitrotyrosine products and apoptosis. Commercial TUNEL kit was used to detect DNA strand breaks, a later step in a sequence of morphologic changes of apoptosis process. RESULTS The insertion and translation of iNOS gene were demonstrated by an intense single 130 kDa band in Western blot and specific immunolocalization at the photoreceptors of the retina. Cellular toxicity in the retinas of transgenic animals was detected by a post-translational modification product, tyrosine-nitrated protein, the most significant one of which was nitrated cytochrome c. Following the accumulation of nitrated mitochondrial proteins and cytochrome c release, marked apoptosis was detected in the photoreceptor cell nuclei of the retina. CONCLUSIONS We have generated a pathologic phenotype with sustained iNOS overexpression and, therefore, high output of nitric oxide. Under basal conditions, such overexpression of iNOS causes marked mitochondrial cytochrome c nitration and release and subsequent photoreceptor apoptosis in the retina. Therefore, the modulation of pathways leading to iNOS generation or its effective neutralization can be of significant therapeutic benefit in the oxidative stress-mediated retinal degeneration, a leading cause of blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guey Shuang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Meisheng Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yi-Hsin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yoshiko Nagaoka
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Narsing A. Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- * E-mail:
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Pegylated arginine deiminase downregulates colitis in murine models. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:813892. [PMID: 22315509 PMCID: PMC3270451 DOI: 10.1155/2012/813892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine deiminase (ADI), an arginine-metabolizing enzyme involved in cell signaling, is dysregulated in multiple inflammatory diseases and cancers. We hypothesized that pegylated ADI (ADI-PEG) provide protection against colitis. Methods. Dextran sodium sulfate colitis was induced in IL-10-deficient and BALB/c (WT) mice. ADI-PEG was administered i.p., and inflammatory mediators and pathology were evaluated. Results. Acute colitis in mice was manifested by increases in inflammatory biomarkers, such as serum amyloid A (SAA, P < 0.001), IL-12 p40, and disease index (3-Fold). In contrast, ADI-PEG significantly decreased clinical disease index, SAA levels, and inflammatory cytokines in blood as well as in colonic explants. Animals developed moderate (2.2 ± 0.3 WT) to severe (3.6 ± 0.5 IL-10 deficient) colonic pathology; and ADI-PEG treatment significantly improved the severity of colitis (P < 0.05). Marked infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and iNOS expression were detected in colonic submucosa in colitic animals but not detected in ADI-PEG-treated animals. Conclusion. ADI-PEG attenuated inflammatory responses by suppression of macrophage infiltration and iNOS expression in colitic animals. ADI-PEG can serve as a potential therapeutic value in IBD.
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Yandza T, Tauc M, Canioni D, Rogel-Gaillard C, Bernard G, Bernard A, Gugenheim J. Effect of polyethylene glycol in pig intestinal allotransplantation without immunosuppression. J Surg Res 2011; 176:621-8. [PMID: 22137987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether IGL-1, a graft preservation solution containing polyethylene glycol, improves the outcome of small bowel grafts in comparison to the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution in a pig allotransplantation model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen pigs were randomly allocated to group 1 (n = 10; intestinal allotransplantation with IGL-1) and group 2 (n = 7; allotransplantation with UW). Pigs received no immunosuppression and were sacrificed on postoperative d (POD) 8. Intestinal specimens were obtained from the animal immediately before cold flushing (T0), 2 h after graft reperfusion (T1), and at sacrifice (T2). RESULTS Survival rate to POD 8 was 50% in group 1 compared with 16% in group 2 (P < 0.05); 62% of pigs in group 1 did not present any acute cellular rejection (ACR) compared to 16% in group 2 (P < 0.05). Severe ACR rate was 25% in group 1 and 66% in group 2 (P < 0.05). iNOS activity and intestinal caspase 3 levels increased significantly between T0 and T1 in group 1 compared to group 2 (P < 0.05). Cell necrosis increased significantly between TO and T1 in group 2 compared with group 1 (P < 0.05) whereas cell apoptosis was significantly higher at T1 compared with T0 in group 1 in comparison to group 2. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that IGL-1 improves intestinal graft viability as compared to UW solution, possibly by reducing graft immunogenicity and by favoring intestinal epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Yandza
- Pôle Digestif, Unité de Support Nutritionnel et de Greffes Intestinales, 3ème B, Hôpital de, l'Archet 2, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France.
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Systemic use of selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W or non-selective NOS inhibitor l-NAME differently affects systemic nitric oxide formation after oral Porphyromonas gingivalis inoculation in mice. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:509-14. [PMID: 20430367 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors are reported to protect against the local tissue damage in gingivitis and periodontal disease by reducing nitroxidative stress during inflammation, but their systemic effects are not well investigated. DESIGN NOS inhibitors systemic effects were investigated in a murine chronic oral inoculation model using live Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 (0.3 ml; 10(9)cfu/ml) or sterile broth (0.3 ml). Organ nitric oxide (NO) and plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx) were determined in mice treated with non-selective NOS inhibitor l-NAME (50mg/kg/24h i.p.) or selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W (10mg/kg/6h i.p.) for the last 5 days of the experiment. Differences between groups were evaluated by nonparametric Wilcoxon's rank-sum one-sided two-sample test and the results compared to those obtained from sham-treated (sterile broth) sham-inoculated animals (water for injection i.p./6h). RESULTS Repeated ingestion of P. gingivalis resulted in generalized production of NO in organs and NOx in plasma, the levels of both typically being reduced in P. gingivalis-inoculated-1400W-treated mice, whilst the use of l-NAME was largerly ineffective, even promoting NO/NOx formation. Application of either inhibitor to sham-inoculated animals enhanced NO/NOx formation, due only in part to the repeated i.p. injections. CONCLUSIONS The systemic use of 1400W or l-NAME differently affects systemic nitric oxide formation in mice orally challenged with P. gingivalis, but the sequelae of such an intervention should be evaluated further.
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Díez I, Calatayud S, Hernández C, Quintana E, O'Connor JE, Esplugues JV, Barrachina MD. Nitric oxide, derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase, decreases hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha in macrophages during aspirin-induced mesenteric inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 159:1636-45. [PMID: 20233223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nitric oxide (NO) modulates expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a transcription factor regulating function of myeloid cells. Here, we have assessed the role played by NO, formed by inducible NOS (iNOS), in the inflammation induced by aspirin in the gut, by modulating HIF-1 activity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The role of iNOS-derived NO on leucocyte-endothelial interactions induced by aspirin was evaluated by intravital microscopy in mesenteric venules of rats pretreated with selective iNOS inhibitors, 1400W or l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine. NO was localized by fluorescence microscopy, using DAF-FM. iNOS, HIF-1alpha and CD36 were localized by immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS Leucocyte-endothelial interactions increased at 6 h and returned to normal levels 24 h after aspirin administration. Numbers of migrated leucocytes were similar between 6 and 24 h after aspirin. iNOS expression and iNOS-derived NO synthesis were observed in leucocytes of the mesentery of aspirin-treated rats. Blockade of iNOS activity in aspirin-treated rats: (i) did not modify leucocyte infiltration at 6 h, but reduced the number of polymorphonuclear leucocyte and increased that of macrophages at 24 h; (ii) increased HIF-1alpha immunostaining in macrophages of the mesentery; and (iii) prevented the decrease in CD36 immunostaining induced by aspirin in these cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NO, associated with acute gut inflammation induced by aspirin, diminished HIF-1alpha stabilization in macrophages. Early inhibition of iNOS-derived NO synthesis, by increasing the activity of HIF-1 in these cells, may accelerate the clearance of leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Díez
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
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Devenney I, Norrman G, Forslund T, Fälth-Magnusson K, Sundqvist T. Urinary nitric oxide excretion in infants with eczema. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010; 21:e229-34. [PMID: 19725898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eczema is characterized by inflammation of the skin and is commonly associated with food allergy. It has been suggested that nitric oxide (NO) is an important player in eczema, food allergy and intestinal inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of urinary NO breakdown products in infants with eczema and the effect of eczema treatment on NO levels. Ninety-four infants with eczema, 58 boys and 36 girls, with a mean age of 7.5 ± 5.2 months (mean ± s.d.) at inclusion were examined twice with an interval of 6 wk. The sum of nitrite and nitrate was measured colorimetrically in urinary samples from both visits and compared with clinical data concerning eczema severity, nutrition, gastrointestinal symptoms, asthma and skin prick positivity. The levels of NO products increased significantly from the first to the second visit: 289; 374 μm (median; IQR) vs. 457; 678 μm (median; IQR) (p < 0.001) in parallel with a significant improvement of the eczema. After eczema treatment consisting of skin care and elimination diet during the 6-wk interval between evaluations, the NO levels approached the values previously found in healthy children. The results support previous studies indicating that the homeostasis of nitrogen radicals is disturbed in childhood eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Devenney
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden.
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Ponnuswamy P, Ostermeier E, Schröttle A, Chen J, Huang PL, Ertl G, Nieswandt B, Kuhlencordt PJ. Oxidative stress and compartment of gene expression determine proatherosclerotic effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:2400-10. [PMID: 19465644 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) decreases atherosclerosis development. Potential proatherogenic effects of iNOS include iNOS mediated oxidative stress and iNOS expression in different cellular compartments. Lesional iNOS can potentially produce nitric oxide radicals (NO), superoxide radicals (O2(-)), or both; these radicals may then react to form peroxynitrite. Alternatively, O2(-) radicals from oxidases co-expressed with iNOS could react with NO to produce peroxynitrite. Therefore, the expression profiles of the genes that modulate the redox system in different iNOS-expressing cell compartments may determine the role of iNOS in atherosclerosis. We used apoE (apoE(-/-)) and apoE/iNOS double knockout (apoE(-/-)/ iNOS(-/-)) mice to assess vascular NO, O2(-), and peroxynitrite formation by electron spin resonance spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, and 3-nitrotyrosine staining. The relevance of the iNOS expressing cell compartment was tested by bone marrow transplantation. We show that iNOS significantly contributes to vascular NO production and itself produces O2(-), leading to peroxynitrite formation in atherosclerotic lesions. Our bone marrow transplantation experiments show that bone marrow derived cells exclusively mediate the proatherosclerotic effects of iNOS in males, while both parenchymal and bone marrow derived iNOS equally contribute to atherosclerosis in females. Moreover, iNOS expression affects vascular remodeling. These findings establish for the first time that the proatherosclerotic effects of iNOS vary with sex in addition to the compartment of its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmapriya Ponnuswamy
- Medizinische Poliklinik, Standort Innenstadt, Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstrasse-8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Katada K, Bihari A, Badhwar A, Yoshida N, Yoshikawa T, Potter RF, Cepinskas G. Hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion-induced remote injury to the small intestine: role of inducible nitric-oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 329:919-27. [PMID: 19270191 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.148460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, as a consequence of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), negatively influences the function of the affected organs. The objective of this study was to assess the role of nitric oxide (NO) in remote intestinal inflammatory response elicited by hindlimb I/R. To this end, C57BL/6 (wild type; WT) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)-deficient mice were subjected to bilateral hindlimb ischemia (1 h) followed by 6 h of reperfusion. Some WT mice were injected with iNOS inhibitor N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl] acetamidine (1400W) (5 mg/kg s.c.) immediately before reperfusion, and proinflammatory response was assessed 6 h later. Hindlimb I/R resulted in dysfunction of the small intestine as assessed by the increase in permeability [blood-to-lumen clearance of Texas Red-dextran (molecular mass 3 kDa)] and an increase in the luminal levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha protein and nitrate/nitrite (NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-)). The above-mentioned changes were accompanied by up-regulation of the proinflammatory phenotype in the mucosa of small intestine with respect to 1) an increase in TNF-alpha and iNOS protein expression, 2) leukocyte accumulation, 3) formation of edema, 4) an increase in leukocyte rolling/adhesion in the submucosal microvasculature, and 5) activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB and up-regulation of adhesion molecule expression. Interestingly, the most profound changes with respect to intestinal dysfunction were found in jejunum and ileum, whereas duodenum was affected the least. Interfering with iNOS activity (1400W and iNOS-deficient mice) significantly attenuated hindlimb I/R-induced inflammatory response and dysfunction of the small intestine with respect to the above-mentioned markers of inflammation. The obtained results indicate that hindlimb I/R induces remote inflammatory response in the small intestine through an iNOS-derived NO-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Katada
- The Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4G5, Canada
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Lim SY, Raftery M, Cai H, Hsu K, Yan WX, Hseih HL, Watts RN, Richardson D, Thomas S, Perry M, Geczy CL. S-nitrosylated S100A8: novel anti-inflammatory properties. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:5627-36. [PMID: 18832721 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.8.5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9, highly expressed by neutrophils, activated macrophages, and microvascular endothelial cells, are secreted during inflammatory processes. Our earlier studies showed S100A8 to be an avid scavenger of oxidants, and, together with its dependence on IL-10 for expression in macrophages, we postulated that this protein has a protective role. S-nitrosylation is an important posttranslational modification that regulates NO transport, cell signaling, and homeostasis. Relatively few proteins are targets of S-nitrosylation. To date, no inflammation-associated proteins with NO-shuttling capacity have been identified. We used HPLC and mass spectrometry to show that S100A8 and S100A9 were readily S-nitrosylated by NO donors. S-nitrosylated S100A8 (S100A8-SNO) was the preferred nitrosylated product. No S-nitrosylation occurred when the single Cys residue in S100A8 was mutated to Ala. S100A8-SNO in human neutrophils treated with NO donors was confirmed by the biotin switch assay. The stable adduct transnitrosylated hemoglobin, indicating a role in NO transport. S100A8-SNO suppressed mast cell activation by compound 48/80; intravital microscopy was used to demonstrate suppression of leukocyte adhesion and extravasation triggered by compound 48/80 in the rat mesenteric microcirculation. Although S100A8 is induced in macrophages by LPS or IFN-gamma, the combination, which activates inducible NO synthase, did not induce S100A8. Thus, the antimicrobial functions of NO generated under these circumstances would not be compromised by S100A8. Our results suggest that S100A8-SNO may regulate leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the microcirculation, and suppression of mast cell-mediated inflammation represents an additional anti-inflammatory property for S100A8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yin Lim
- Centre for Infection and Inflammation Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Handa O, Stephen J, Cepinskas G. Role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in activation and dysfunction of cerebrovascular endothelial cells during early onsets of sepsis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H1712-9. [PMID: 18723768 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00476.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy is an early manifestation of sepsis, resulting in a diffuse dysfunction of the brain. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed to be one of the key molecules involved in the modulation of inflammatory responses in the brain. The aim of this study was to assess the role of NO in cerebrovascular endothelial cell activation/dysfunction during the early onsets of sepsis. To this end, we employed an in vitro model of sepsis in which cultured mouse cerebrovascular endothelial cells (MCVEC) were challenged with blood plasma (20% vol/vol) obtained from sham or septic (feces-induced peritonitis, FIP; 6 h) mice. Exposing MCVEC to FIP plasma for 1 h resulted in increased production of reactive oxygen species and NO as assessed by intracellular oxidation of oxidant-sensitive fluorochrome, dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123), and nitrosation of NO-specific probe, DAF-FM, respectively. The latter events were accompanied by dissociation of tight junction protein, occludin, from MCVEC cytoskeletal framework and a subsequent increase in FITC-dextran (3-kDa mol mass) flux across MCVEC grown on the permeable cell culture supports, whereas Evans blue-BSA (65-kDa mol mass) or FITC-dextran (10-kDa mol mass) flux were not affected. FIP plasma-induced oxidant stress, occludin rearrangement, and MCVEC permeability were effectively attenuated by antioxidant, 1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioic acid (PDTC; 0.5 mM), or interfering with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity [0.1 mM nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or endothelial NOS (eNOS)-deficient MCVEC]. However, treatment of MCVEC with PDTC failed to interfere with NO production, suggesting that septic plasma-induced oxidant stress in MCVEC is primarily a NO-dependent event. Taken together, these data indicate that during early sepsis, eNOS-derived NO exhibits proinflammatory characteristics and contributes to the activation and dysfunction of cerebrovascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Handa
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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40
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The Loss of MCP-1 Attenuates Cutaneous Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in a Mouse Model of Pressure Ulcer. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:1838-51. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Ginnan R, Guikema BJ, Halligan KE, Singer HA, Jourd’heuil D. Regulation of smooth muscle by inducible nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase in vascular proliferative diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1232-45. [PMID: 18211830 PMCID: PMC2390910 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in promoting smooth muscle migration and proliferation during vascular diseases such as postangioplasty restenosis and atherosclerosis. Another common feature of many vascular diseases is the contribution of reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) species to vascular injury. Primary sources of ROS and RNS in smooth muscle are several isoforms of NADPH oxidase (Nox) and the cytokine-regulated inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS). One important example of the interaction between NO and ROS is the reaction of NO with superoxide to yield peroxynitrite, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. In this review, we discuss the literature that supports an alternate possibility: Nox-derived ROS modulate NO bioavailability by altering the expression of iNOS. We highlight data showing coexpression of iNOS and Nox in vascular smooth muscle demonstrating the functional consequences of iNOS and Nox during vascular injury. We describe the relevant literature demonstrating that the mitogen-activated protein kinases are important modulators of proinflammatory cytokine-dependent expression of iNOS. A central hypothesis discussed is that ROS-dependent regulation of the serine/threonine kinase protein kinase Cdelta is essential to understanding how Nox may regulate signaling pathways leading to iNOS expression. Overall, the integration of nonphagocytic NADPH oxidase with cytokine signaling in general and in vascular smooth muscle in particular is poorly understood and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Jourd’heuil
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Albany Medical College, Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, 47 New Scotland Avenue (MC8), Albany, NY 12208; Tel: (518) 262 8104; Fax: (518) 262 8101; E-mail:
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42
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Endothelin B receptor mediates the endothelial barrier to T cell homing to tumors and disables immune therapy. Nat Med 2008; 14:28-36. [PMID: 18157142 DOI: 10.1038/nm1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In spite of their having sufficient immunogenicity, tumor vaccines remain largely ineffective. The mechanisms underlying this lack of efficacy are still unclear. Here we report a previously undescribed mechanism by which the tumor endothelium prevents T cell homing and hinders tumor immunotherapy. Transcriptional profiling of microdissected tumor endothelial cells from human ovarian cancers revealed genes associated with the absence or presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Overexpression of the endothelin B receptor (ET(B)R) was associated with the absence of TILs and short patient survival time. The ET(B)R inhibitor BQ-788 increased T cell adhesion to human endothelium in vitro, an effect countered by intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) blockade or treatment with NO donors. In mice, ET(B)R neutralization by BQ-788 increased T cell homing to tumors; this homing required ICAM-1 and enabled tumor response to otherwise ineffective immunotherapy in vivo without changes in systemic antitumor immune response. These findings highlight a molecular mechanism with the potential to be pharmacologically manipulated to enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy in humans.
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Cepinskas G, Katada K, Bihari A, Potter RF. Carbon monoxide liberated from carbon monoxide-releasing molecule CORM-2 attenuates inflammation in the liver of septic mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 294:G184-91. [PMID: 17991708 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00348.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that exogenously administered CO is beneficial for the resolution of acute inflammation. In this study, we assessed the role of CO liberated from a systemically administered tricarbonyldichlororuthenium-(II)-dimer (CORM-2) on modulation of liver inflammation during sepsis. Polymicrobial sepsis in mice was induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). CORM-2 (8 mg/kg iv) was administered immediately after CLP induction, and neutrophil [polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)] tissue accumulation, activation of transcription factor, NF-kappaB, and changes in adhesion molecule ICAM-1 expression (inflammation-relevant markers) were assessed in murine liver 24 h later. In addition, the effects and potential mechanisms of CORM-2-released CO in modulation of vascular endothelial cell proinflammatory responses were assessed in vitro. To this end, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were stimulated with LPS (1 microg/ml) in the presence or absence of CORM-2 (10-100 microM) and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), (DHR123 oxidation) and NO (DAF-FM nitrosation) and subsequent activation of NF-kappaB were assessed 4 h later. In parallel, expression of ICAM-1 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) proteins along with PMN adhesion to LPS-challenged HUVEC were also assessed. Induction of CLP resulted in increased PMN accumulation, ICAM-1 expression, and activation of NF-kappaB in the liver of septic mice. These effects were significantly attenuated by systemic administration of CORM-2. In in vitro experiments, CORM-2-released CO attenuated LPS-induced production of ROS and NO, activation of NF-kappaB, increase in ICAM-1 and iNOS protein expression and PMN adhesion to LPS-stimulated HUVEC. Taken together, these findings indicate that CO released from systemically administered CORM-2 provides anti-inflammatory effects by interfering with NF-kappaB activation and subsequent downregulation of proadhesive vascular endothelial cell phenotype in the liver of septic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Cepinskas
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 4G4, Canada.
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Kawada M, Arihiro A, Mizoguchi E. Insights from advances in research of chemically induced experimental models of human inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:5581-93. [PMID: 17948932 PMCID: PMC4172737 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i42.5581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the most important being Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, results from chronic dysregulation of the mucosal immune system in the gastrointestinal tract. Although the pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear, it is widely accepted that genetic, environmental, and immunological factors are involved. Recent studies suggest that intestinal epithelial defenses are important to prevent inflammation by protecting against microbial pathogens and oxidative stresses. To investigate the etiology of IBD, animal models of experimental colitis have been developed and are frequently used to evaluate new anti-inflammatory treatments for IBD. Several models of experimental colitis that demonstrate various pathophysiological aspects of the human disease have been described. In this manuscript, we review the characteristic features of IBD through a discussion of the various chemically induced experimental models of colitis (e.g., dextran sodium sulfate-, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-, oxazolone-, acetic acid-, and indomethacin-induced models). We also summarize some regulatory and pathogenic factors demonstrated by these models that can, hopefully, be exploited to develop future therapeutic strategies against IBD.
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Porras M, Martín MT, Terán E, Mourelle M, Vergara P. The nitric oxide donor LA-419 [S-(6-Nitro-oxi-hexahydro-furo[3,2-b]furan-3-1-il)thioacetate] prevents intestinal dysmotility, bacterial translocation, and inflammation in a rat model of enteritis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 324:740-8. [PMID: 17959746 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.129189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Indomethacin induces a chronic model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by spontaneous relapses of inflammation, bacterial translocation, and long-lasting motor disturbances derived from cyclical up-regulated inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) and sustained down-regulated neuronal NOS (nNOS). The aims of this study were to evaluate whether LA-419 [S-(6-nitro-oxi-hexahydro-furo[3,2-b]furan-3-1-il)thioacetate], a NO-donor drug, could re-establish the normal expression of NOS and, hence, prevent the development of intestinal dysmotility, bacterial translocation, and relapses of inflammation associated to this model. Enteritis was induced in rats by administration of indomethacin with and without treatment with a novel NO-donor: LA-419 (0.5 mg/ml in the drinking water). Inflammatory reaction was evaluated by measuring blood leukocytes, serum tumor necrosis factor, and tissue myeloperoxidase. Intestinal motor activity was evaluated using strain-gauges. Ileal expression of iNOS and nNOS mRNA was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Bacterial translocation was evaluated in cultures from mesenteric lymph nodes. The indomethacin-induced acute inflammatory reaction was associated with a rise in blood leukocytes and tumor necrosis factor. In the chronic stage, blood leukocyte monitoring allowed the selection of animals in active and inactive phases. Active phase was associated with iNOS up-regulation, high myeloperoxidase levels, hypomotility, and bacterial translocation. In contrast, inactive phase was associated with hypermotility and absence of bacterial translocation. LA-419 treatment restored nitric-oxide synthase isoenzyme expression and prevented the oscillation of both inflammatory and motor parameters that could be cyclically observed in inflamed rats. LA-419 also prevented intestinal dysmotility, bacterial translocation, and relapses of intestinal inflammation. LA-419 might be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent acute inflammatory relapses in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Porras
- Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Lim JH, Lee JR, Kim SC, Jee SY. Inhibitory effect of Yongdamsagantang water extract on IL-6 and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3742/opem.2007.7.3.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
The disabling human syndrome of "neuropathic pain" is an intractable complication of peripheral nerve injury or degeneration. A complex interaction between injured peripheral axons, sensory neurons and central nervous system signaling is thought to account for it. In this brief review, we present evidence that the free radical signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) may act at several levels of the nervous system during the development of experimental neuropathic pain. For example, NO may directly influence injured axons in the periphery, may indirectly influence pain by its role in the process of Wallerian degeneration, and may signal in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. While it is premature to argue for therapeutic approaches that alter NO actions, it may be an important player in the cascade of events that generate neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Levy
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Thymann T, Burrin DG, Tappenden KA, Bjornvad CR, Jensen SK, Sangild PT. Formula-feeding reduces lactose digestive capacity in neonatal pigs. Br J Nutr 2007; 95:1075-81. [PMID: 16768828 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20061743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The intestine of newborn pigs develops rapidly during the first days postpartum. We investigated if feeding milk replacer (infant formula) as an alternative to colostrum has compromising effects on nutrient digestive function in the neonatal period. Nineteen piglets born at termwere assigned to one of four treatments: (1) newborn controls; (2) natural suckling for 24h; (3) tube-fed formula for 24h; (4) tube-fed porcine colostrum for 24h. All three fed groups showed significant increases in small-intestinal and colonic weights, villous heights and widths, maltase and aminopeptidase A activities, and decreases in dipeptidylpeptidase IV activity, relative to newborn pigs. Following oral boluses of mannitol, lactose or galactose, formula-fed pigs showed significantly reduced plasma levels of mannitol and galactose compared with colostrum-fed pigs. Activity of intestinal inducible NO synthase and plasma levels of cortisol were significantly increased, whereas intestinal constitutive NO synthase and α-tocopherol were decreased in formula-fed pigs compared with colostrum-fed pigs. Although formula-fed pigs only showed minor clinical signs of intestinal dysfunction and showed similar intestinal trophic responses just after birth, as those fed colostrum, lactose digestivecapacity was markedly reduced. We conclude that formula-feeding may exert detrimental effects on intestinal function in neonates. Formula-induced subclinical malfunction of the gut in pigsborn at term was associated with altered NO synthase activity and antioxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thymann
- Division of Human Nutrition, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Hong J, Nakano Y, Yokomakura A, Ishihara K, Kim S, Kang YS, Ohuchi K. Nitric Oxide Production by the Vacuolar-Type (H+)-ATPase Inhibitors Bafilomycin A1 and Concanamycin A and Its Possible Role in Apoptosis in RAW 264.7 Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 319:672-81. [PMID: 16895977 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.109280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mouse leukemic monocyte cell line RAW 264.7, the vacuolar-type (H(+))-ATPase (V-ATPase) inhibitors bafilomycin A1 and concanamycin A induced nitric oxide (NO) production through the expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase mRNA and its protein and decreased cell growth and survival as determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl(thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Bafilomycin A1 and concanamycin A activated nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and activator protein-1 and decreased the level of IkappaB-alpha and increased that of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). NO production induced by these V-ATPase inhibitors was suppressed by the NF-kappaB inhibitor Bay 11-7082 [(E)3-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl])-2-propenenitrile] and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 [anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one] in parallel with the partial alleviation of the V-ATPase inhibitor-induced decrease in MTT response. The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase inhibitor dibucaine and the F-ATPase inhibitor oligomycin did not induce NO production at which concentrations the MTT response was decreased. The NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine further lowered the V-ATPase inhibitor-induced decrease in the MTT response, and the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, sodium salt (carboxy-PTIO) alleviated it partially. Mitochondrial depolarization, an index of apoptosis, was induced by bafilomycin A1 and concanamycin A. On treatment with the nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine acetate, the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by bafilomycin A1 and concanamycin A was alleviated partially in parallel with the decrease in NO production. Carboxy-PTIO also alleviated it partially. Our findings suggest that the V-ATPase inhibitors bafilomycin A1 and concanamycin A similarly induce NO production and the newly produced NO participates partially in the V-ATPase inhibitor-induced apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangja Hong
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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Hsu YC, Hsiao M, Wang LF, Chien YW, Lee WR. Nitric oxide produced by iNOS is associated with collagen synthesis in keloid scar formation. Nitric Oxide 2006; 14:327-34. [PMID: 16517189 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2005] [Revised: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important mediator of many physiological functions. Recent reports have shown that NO participates in the wound healing process, however, its role in keloid formation remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of NO on keloid fibroblasts (KF) and to determine the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in clinical specimens of keloid. Scar tissue from seven keloid patients with matched perilesion skin tissue controls was studied for inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and location. In addition, primary keloid and normal scar skin fibroblast cultures were set up to investigate the effects of NO in inducing collagen type I expression. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and NO production were elevated in keloid scar tissues but not in matched perilesion skin tissues. Furthermore, exposure of KF to exogenous NO resulted in increased expression of collagen type I in a dose-dependent manner. NO exposure also induced time-course dependent collagen I expression that peaked at 24h in KF. Taken together, these results indicate that excess collagen formations in keloid lesion may be attributed to iNOS overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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