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Kotlyarov S. Importance of the gut microbiota in the gut-liver axis in normal and liver disease. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:878-882. [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i6.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is of growing interest to clinicians and researchers. This is because there is a growing understanding that the gut microbiota performs many different functions, including involvement in metabolic and immune processes that are systemic in nature. The liver, with its important role in detoxifying and metabolizing products from the gut, is at the forefront of interactions with the gut microbiota. Many details of these interactions are not yet known to clinicians and researchers, but there is growing evidence that normal gut microbiota function is important for liver health. At the same time, factors affecting the gut microbiota, including nutrition or medications, may also have an effect through the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan 390026, Russia
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2
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Massier L, Musat N, Stumvoll M, Tremaroli V, Chakaroun R, Kovacs P. Tissue-resident bacteria in metabolic diseases: emerging evidence and challenges. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01065-0. [PMID: 38898236 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Although the impact of the gut microbiome on health and disease is well established, there is controversy regarding the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria and their products in organs and tissues. However, recent contamination-aware findings of tissue-resident microbial signatures provide accumulating evidence in support of bacterial translocation in cardiometabolic disease. The latter provides a distinct paradigm for the link between microbial colonizers of mucosal surfaces and host metabolism. In this Perspective, we re-evaluate the concept of tissue-resident bacteria including their role in metabolic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. We examine the limitations and challenges associated with studying low bacterial biomass samples and propose experimental and analytical strategies to overcome these issues. Our Perspective aims to encourage further investigation of the mechanisms linking tissue-resident bacteria to host metabolism and their potentially actionable health implications for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Massier
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niculina Musat
- Aarhus University, Department of Biology, Section for Microbiology, Århus, Denmark
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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Miyamoto Y, Kikuta J, Matsui T, Hasegawa T, Fujii K, Okuzaki D, Liu YC, Yoshioka T, Seno S, Motooka D, Uchida Y, Yamashita E, Kobayashi S, Eguchi H, Morii E, Tryggvason K, Shichita T, Kayama H, Atarashi K, Kunisawa J, Honda K, Takeda K, Ishii M. Periportal macrophages protect against commensal-driven liver inflammation. Nature 2024; 629:901-909. [PMID: 38658756 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The liver is the main gateway from the gut, and the unidirectional sinusoidal flow from portal to central veins constitutes heterogenous zones, including the periportal vein (PV) and the pericentral vein zones1-5. However, functional differences in the immune system in each zone remain poorly understood. Here intravital imaging revealed that inflammatory responses are suppressed in PV zones. Zone-specific single-cell transcriptomics detected a subset of immunosuppressive macrophages enriched in PV zones that express high levels of interleukin-10 and Marco, a scavenger receptor that sequesters pro-inflammatory pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, and consequently suppress immune responses. Induction of Marco+ immunosuppressive macrophages depended on gut microbiota. In particular, a specific bacterial family, Odoribacteraceae, was identified to induce this macrophage subset through its postbiotic isoallolithocholic acid. Intestinal barrier leakage resulted in inflammation in PV zones, which was markedly augmented in Marco-deficient conditions. Chronic liver inflammatory diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) showed decreased numbers of Marco+ macrophages. Functional ablation of Marco+ macrophages led to PSC-like inflammatory phenotypes related to colitis and exacerbated steatosis in NASH in animal experimental models. Collectively, commensal bacteria induce Marco+ immunosuppressive macrophages, which consequently limit excessive inflammation at the gateway of the liver. Failure of this self-limiting system promotes hepatic inflammatory disorders such as PSC and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miyamoto
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsui
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Hasegawa
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Uchida
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erika Yamashita
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takashi Shichita
- Laboratory for Neuroinflammation and Repair, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Kayama
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Atarashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenya Honda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.
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Meyer M, Schwärzler J, Jukic A, Tilg H. Innate Immunity and MASLD. Biomolecules 2024; 14:476. [PMID: 38672492 PMCID: PMC11048298 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as the most common liver disease worldwide in recent years. MASLD commonly presents as simple hepatic steatosis, but ~25% of patients develop liver inflammation, progressive fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and related hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver inflammation and the degree of fibrosis are key determinants of the prognosis. The pathophysiology of liver inflammation is incompletely understood and involves diverse factors and specifically innate and adaptive immune responses. More specifically, diverse mediators of innate immunity such as proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, inflammasomes and various cell types like mononuclear cells, macrophages and natural killer cells are involved in directing the inflammatory process in MASLD. The activation of innate immunity is driven by various factors including excess lipids and lipotoxicity, insulin resistance and molecular patterns derived from gut commensals. Targeting pathways of innate immunity might therefore appear as an attractive therapeutic strategy in the future management of MASLD and possibly its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.M.); (A.J.)
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Pirola CJ, Sookoian S. The gene expression signature of metabolic dysfunction- associated steatotic liver disease from a multiomics perspective. Clin Mol Hepatol 2024; 30:174-176. [PMID: 38311818 PMCID: PMC11016489 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2024.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jose Pirola
- Systems Biology of Complex Diseases, Translational Health Research Center (CENITRES), Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Faculty of Health Science, Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Faculty of Health Science, Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Translational Health Research Center (CENITRES), Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Targher G, Byrne CD, Tilg H. MASLD: a systemic metabolic disorder with cardiovascular and malignant complications. Gut 2024; 73:691-702. [PMID: 38228377 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has rapidly become the most common chronic liver disease globally and is currently estimated to affect up to 38% of the global adult population. NAFLD is a multisystem disease where systemic insulin resistance and related metabolic dysfunction play a pathogenic role in the development of NAFLD and its most relevant liver-related morbidities (cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma) and extrahepatic complications, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and certain types of extrahepatic cancers. In 2023, three large multinational liver associations proposed that metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) should replace the term NAFLD; the name chosen to replace non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests an excellent concordance rate between NAFLD and MASLD definitions-that is, ~99% of individuals with NAFLD meet MASLD criteria. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the literature on (a) the recent epidemiological data on MASLD and the risk of developing CVD and malignant complications, (b) the underlying mechanisms by which MASLD (and factors strongly linked with MASLD) may increase the risk of these extrahepatic complications and (c) the diagnosis and assessment of CVD risk and potential treatments to reduce CVD risk in people with MASLD or MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Targher
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital and Department of Medicine University of Verona, Negrar di Valpolicella (VR), Italy
| | | | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Pirola CJ, Salatino A, Fernández Gianotti T, Castaño GO, Garaycoechea M, Sookoian S. Cross talk between the liver microbiome and epigenome in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:104996. [PMID: 38320344 PMCID: PMC10862506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease), including its severe clinical forms, involves complex processes at all levels of biological organization. This study examined the potential link between the liver microbiome profile and epigenetic factors. METHODS Liver microbial DNA composition was analysed using high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 116 individuals, with 55% being female, across the spectrum of liver disease severity. Total activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and acetyltransferases (HATs) was assayed in nuclear extracts from fresh liver samples. In addition, we measured the global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) levels of liver DNA. FINDINGS Patients with MASLD showed a 2.07-fold increase (p = 0.013) in liver total HAT activity. Moreover, a correlation was observed between liver total HAT activity and the score for histological steatosis (Spearman's R = 0.60, p = 1.0E-3) and disease severity (R = 0.40, p = 2.0E-2). Liver HAT and HDAC activities also showed associations with the abundance of several liver bacterial DNAs. Additionally, liver global levels of 5-hmC showed negative correlation with the read number of Bacteroidetes (R = -0.62, p = 9.3E-4) and Gammaproteobacteria (R = -0.43, p = 3.2E-2), while it was positively correlated with the abundance of Acidobacteria (R = 0.42, p = 4.1E-2) and Actinobacteria (R = 0.47, p = 1.8E-2). INTERPRETATION The host liver epigenome, including the activity of enzymes involved in maintaining the balance between protein acetylation and deacetylation and the global DNA hydroxy-methylation status, may be the target of microbial signals. FUNDING Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, FonCyT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jose Pirola
- Systems Biology of Complex Diseases, Translational Health Research Center (CENITRES), Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Faculty of Health Science, Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Adrian Salatino
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Bioinformatics Facility, Germany
| | - Tomas Fernández Gianotti
- Systems Biology of Complex Diseases, Translational Health Research Center (CENITRES), Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Osvaldo Castaño
- Liver Unit, Medicine and Surgery Department, Hospital Abel Zubizarreta, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Garaycoechea
- Department of Surgery, Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Red "El Cruce", Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Faculty of Health Science, Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Translational Health Research Center (CENITRES), Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Liu X, Dong Q. Associations between gut microbiota and three prostate diseases: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4019. [PMID: 38369514 PMCID: PMC10874943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
According to previous observational researches and clinical trials, the gut microbiota is related to prostate diseases. However, the potential association between gut microbiota and prostate disorders is still uncertain. We first identified groups of gut microbiota based on the phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels from consortium MiBioGen. And we acquired prostate diseases statistics from the FINNGEN study and PRACTICAL consortium. Next, two-sample Mendelian randomization was used to investigate the potential associations between three prevalent prostate disease and gut microbiota. In addition, we performed a reverse MR analysis and Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) test for further research. We investigated the connection between 196 gut microbiota and three prevalent prostate diseases. We identified 42 nominally significant associations and 2 robust causative links. Upon correction for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, our analysis revealed a positive correlation between the risk of prostatitis and the presence of the taxonomic order Gastranaerophilales. Conversely, the risk of prostate cancer exhibited an inverse correlation with the presence of the taxonomic class Alphaproteobacteria. Our study revealed the potential association between gut microbiota and prostate diseases. The results may be useful in providing new insights for further mechanistic and clinical studies of prostate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Xuan M, Gu X, Liu Y, Yang L, Li Y, Huang D, Li J, Xue C. Intratumoral microorganisms in tumors of the digestive system. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:69. [PMID: 38273292 PMCID: PMC10811838 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the digestive system pose a significant threat to human health and longevity. These tumors are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, leading to a heavy economic burden on healthcare systems. Several intratumoral microorganisms are present in digestive system tumors, and their sources and abundance display significant heterogeneity depending on the specific tumor subtype. These microbes have a complex and precise function in the neoplasm. They can facilitate tumor growth through various mechanisms, such as inducing DNA damage, influencing the antitumor immune response, and promoting the degradation of chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, these microorganisms can be targeted to inhibit tumor progression for improving overall patient prognosis. This review focuses on the current research progress on microorganisms present in the digestive system tumors and how they influence the initiation, progression, and prognosis of tumors. Furthermore, the primary sources and constituents of tumor microbiome are delineated. Finally, we summarize the application potential of intratumoral microbes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction of digestive system tumors. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Xuan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Yingru Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Child Health Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Li H, Liu S, Zhang K, Zhu X, Dai J, Lu Y. Gut microbiome and plasma metabolome alterations in myopic mice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1251243. [PMID: 38179454 PMCID: PMC10764480 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Myopia is one of the most common eye diseases leading to blurred distance vision. Inflammatory diseases could trigger or exacerbate myopic changes. Although gut microbiota bacteria are associated with various inflammatory diseases, little is known about its role in myopia. Materials and methods The mice were randomly divided into control and model groups, with the model group being attached-30D lens onto the eyes for 3 weeks. Then, mouse cecal contents and plasma were collected to analyze their intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolome. Results We identified that the microbial composition differed considerably between the myopic and non-myopic mice, with the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum decreased obviously while that of Actinobacteria phylum was increased in myopia. Furthermore, Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with axial lengths (ALs) of eyeballs while negatively correlated with refractive diopters. Untargeted metabolomic analysis identified 141 differentially expressed metabolites, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed considerable enrichment mainly in amino acid metabolism pathways. Notably, pathways involved glutamate metabolism including "Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism" and "Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism" was changed dramatically, which presented as the concentrations of L-Glutamate and L-Glutamine decreased obviously in myopia. Interestingly, microbiome dysbiosis and metabolites alternations in myopia have a disrupting gut barrier feature. We further demonstrated that the gut barrier function was impaired in myopic mice manifesting in decreased expression of Occludin, ZO-1 and increased permeation of FITC-dextran. Discussion Myopic mice had obviously altered gut microbiome and metabolites profiles compared to non-myopic mice. The dysbiosis and plasma metabolomics shift in myopia had an interrupting gut barrier feature. Our study provides new insights into the possible role of the gut microbiota in myopia and reinforces the potential feasibility of microbiome-based therapies in myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjia Zhu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
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Quesada-Vázquez S, Castells-Nobau A, Latorre J, Oliveras-Cañellas N, Puig-Parnau I, Tejera N, Tobajas Y, Baudin J, Hildebrand F, Beraza N, Burcelin R, Martinez-Gili L, Chilloux J, Dumas ME, Federici M, Hoyles L, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Escoté X, Fernández-Real JM, Mayneris-Perxachs J. Potential therapeutic implications of histidine catabolism by the gut microbiota in NAFLD patients with morbid obesity. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101341. [PMID: 38118419 PMCID: PMC10772641 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota contributes to the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Histidine is a key energy source for the microbiota, scavenging it from the host. Its role in NAFLD is poorly known. Plasma metabolomics, liver transcriptomics, and fecal metagenomics were performed in three human cohorts coupled with hepatocyte, rodent, and Drosophila models. Machine learning analyses identified plasma histidine as being strongly inversely associated with steatosis and linked to a hepatic transcriptomic signature involved in insulin signaling, inflammation, and trace amine-associated receptor 1. Circulating histidine was inversely associated with Proteobacteria and positively with bacteria lacking the histidine utilization (Hut) system. Histidine supplementation improved NAFLD in different animal models (diet-induced NAFLD in mouse and flies, ob/ob mouse, and ovariectomized rats) and reduced de novo lipogenesis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from low-histidine donors and mono-colonization of germ-free flies with Enterobacter cloacae increased triglyceride accumulation and reduced histidine content. The interplay among microbiota, histidine catabolism, and NAFLD opens therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Castells-Nobau
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain; Nutrition, Eumetabolism, and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jèssica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Núria Oliveras-Cañellas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain; Nutrition, Eumetabolism, and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Puig-Parnau
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain; Nutrition, Eumetabolism, and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Institute Strategic Program, Microbes and Gut Health, Institute Strategic Program - Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Yaiza Tobajas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Julio Baudin
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Falk Hildebrand
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Institute Strategic Program, Microbes and Gut Health, Institute Strategic Program - Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; Digital Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Naiara Beraza
- Microbes in the Food Chain, Institute Strategic Program, Microbes and Gut Health, Institute Strategic Program - Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Toulouse, France; Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Heart Failure', F-31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Laura Martinez-Gili
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julien Chilloux
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Section of Genomic and Environmental Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, CNRS UMR 8199, INSERM UMR 1283, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, 59045 Lille, France; McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.
| | - José-Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain; Nutrition, Eumetabolism, and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain; Nutrition, Eumetabolism, and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Thomas SC, Miller G, Li X, Saxena D. Getting off tract: contributions of intraorgan microbiota to cancer in extraintestinal organs. Gut 2023; 73:175-185. [PMID: 37918889 PMCID: PMC10842768 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal ecosystem has received the most attention when examining the contributions of the human microbiome to health and disease. This concentration of effort is logical due to the overwhelming abundance of microbes in the gut coupled with the relative ease of sampling compared with other organs. However, the intestines are intimately connected to multiple extraintestinal organs, providing an opportunity for homeostatic microbial colonisation and pathogenesis in organs traditionally thought to be sterile or only transiently harbouring microbiota. These habitats are challenging to sample, and their low microbial biomass among large amounts of host tissue can make study challenging. Nevertheless, recent findings have shown that many extraintestinal organs that are intimately linked to the gut harbour stable microbiomes, which are colonised from the gut in selective manners and have highlighted not just the influence of the bacteriome but that of the mycobiome and virome on oncogenesis and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Thomas
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Miller
- Cancer Center, Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Shou D, Luo Q, Tang W, Cao C, Huang H, Chen H, Zhou Y. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: Multi-donor fecal microbiota transplantation attenuated high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice by remodeling the gut microbiota. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:2195-2205. [PMID: 37787118 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can improve the symptoms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by restoring the gut microbiota. This study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of single-donor (SD) or multi-donor (MD) FMT in a mouse model of hepatic steatosis and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from NAFLD patients and healthy controls with similar baseline characteristics, with gut microbiota analyzed. Mice were fed either a normal-chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks and then administered fecal microbiota collected from healthy SDs or MDs for 12 weeks. RESULTS Fecal samples from NAFLD patients showed significantly lower microbial diversity than those from healthy controls. MD-FMT reduced liver fat accumulation and body weight and significantly improved serum and liver biochemical indices in HFD-fed mice. Compared to untreated HFD-fed mice, MD-FMT significantly decreased the relative expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β mRNAs in the liver. The relative protein level of intestinal barrier components, including claudin-1, occludin, and E-cadherin, as well as serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level in mice, were found to be improved following MD-FMT intervention. Furthermore, FMT reversed HFD-induced gut dysbiosis and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Blautia and Akkermansia. CONCLUSION NAFLD patients and healthy controls showed distinct gut microbiota. Likewise, HFD altered gut microbiota in mice compared to NCD-fed controls. MD-FMT restored gut dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice and attenuated liver steatosis, and should be considered as an effective treatment option for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwen Shou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingling Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangyu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Tilg H, Adolph TE, Tacke F. Therapeutic modulation of the liver immune microenvironment. Hepatology 2023; 78:1581-1601. [PMID: 37057876 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of progressive liver diseases such as chronic viral or immune-mediated hepatitis, alcohol-associated liver disease, and NAFLD. Preclinical and clinical studies have provided robust evidence that cytokines and related cellular stress sensors in innate and adaptive immunity orchestrate hepatic disease processes. Unresolved inflammation and liver injury result in hepatic scarring, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, which may culminate in HCC. Liver diseases are accompanied by gut dysbiosis and a bloom of pathobionts, fueling hepatic inflammation. Anti-inflammatory strategies are extensively used to treat human immune-mediated conditions beyond the liver, while evidence for immunomodulatory therapies and cell therapy-based strategies in liver diseases is only emerging. The development and establishment of novel immunomodulatory therapies for chronic liver diseases has been dampened by several clinical challenges, such as invasive monitoring of therapeutic efficacy with liver biopsy in clinical trials and risk of DILI in several studies. Such aspects prevented advancements of novel medical therapies for chronic inflammatory liver diseases. New concepts modulating the liver immune environment are studied and eagerly awaited to improve the management of chronic liver diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Tian F, Chen T, Xu W, Fan Y, Feng X, Huang Q, Chen J. Curcumin Compensates GLP-1 Deficiency via the Microbiota-Bile Acids Axis and Modulation in Functional Crosstalk between TGR5 and FXR in ob/ob Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300195. [PMID: 37712101 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) deficiency occurs in obesity-related pathologies due to defects in the intestinal lumen. And expanding the L-cell population has emerged as a promising avenue to elevate GLP-1 secretion to tackle metabolic disorders. Curcumin (Cur), the principal active component of spice turmeric, possesses well-established anti-obesity properties. To clarify, the study investigates whether Cur promotes GLP-1 secretion built upon the L-cell expansion. METHODS AND RESULTS Cur (60 mg kg-1 ) is administered orally to male ob/ob mice for 8 weeks. Cur ameliorates obesity and impaires glucose tolerance through increasing energy expenditure in ob/ob mice, accompanied by the maintenance of crypt architecture and gut permeability. It refines the microbial structure and bile acid (BA) profiles, resulting in deoxycholic acid (DCA) accumulation by weakening the enrichment of Lactobacillus. Further analyses show radically different properties of Cur on the intestine function of TGR5 and FXR (i.e., activation and repression). Cur amplifies L-cell number to promote GLP-1 secretion in ob/ob mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that Cur may act as a natural TGR5 agonist and FXR antagonist to improve obesity by enhancing GLP-1 release from L-cell expansion via the gut microbiota-BAs-TGR5/FXR axis, and it may serve as a promising therapeutic agent to compensate obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Tian
- General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Tianxi Chen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Wangda Xu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Yichang Fan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, P. R. China
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16
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Lei Y, Li S, He M, Ao Z, Wang J, Wu Q, Wang Q. Oral Pathogenic Bacteria and the Oral-Gut-Liver Axis: A New Understanding of Chronic Liver Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3324. [PMID: 37958220 PMCID: PMC10648517 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases have long been a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality, and their development and progression involve multiple vital organs throughout the body. Recent studies on the oral-gut-liver axis have revealed that the oral microbiota is associated with the pathophysiology of chronic liver diseases. Since interventions aimed at regulating oral biological disorders may delay the progress of liver disease, it is crucial to better comprehend this process. Oral bacteria with potential pathogenicity have been extensively studied and are closely related to several types of chronic liver diseases. Therefore, this review will systemically describe the emerging role of oral pathogenic bacteria in common liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, autoimmune liver diseases (AILD), and liver cancer, and bring in new perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (Z.A.); (J.W.); (Q.W.)
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17
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Pirola CJ, Sookoian S. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mediates the effect of obesity on arterial hypertension. Liver Int 2023; 43:2167-2176. [PMID: 37312639 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been consistently shown that obesity contributes directly to arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), independently of other risk factors. Likewise, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is acknowledged as a contributor and a risk enhancer for CVD. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis of a causal role of NAFLD in the effect of obesity on arterial hypertension. METHODS Using causal mediation analysis, we quantified the magnitude of the body mass index (BMI) effect on arterial hypertension and CV-traits mediated by NAFLD. First, we analysed data from 1348 young adults in the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS), a cohort aimed at assessing the natural history of CVD. Then, we used data from 3359 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2018 cycle, NHANES) to replicate the findings. RESULTS We found that roughly 92% of the effects of BMI on arterial hypertension in the BHS and 51% in the NHANES population are mediated by NAFLD. In addition, indirect effects of BMI on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and heart rate (HR) through NAFLD explained up to 91%, 93%, and 100% of the total effect, respectively, in the BHS. In the NHANES survey, indirect effects of BMI through NAFLD on CV traits explain a significant proportion of the total effects (SBP = 60.4%, HR = 100%, and pulse pressure = 88%). CONCLUSION NAFLD mediates a substantial proportion of the effect of obesity on the presence of hypertension and CV-parameters independently of relevant covariates. This conclusion has implications for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Pirola
- Systems Biology of Complex Diseases, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chhimwal J, Anand P, Mehta P, Swarnkar MK, Patial V, Pandey R, Padwad Y. Metagenomic signatures reveal the key role of phloretin in amelioration of gut dysbiosis attributed to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease by time-dependent modulation of gut microbiome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1210517. [PMID: 37744933 PMCID: PMC10516607 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1210517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of gut-liver axis in the pathophysiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is being investigated more closely in recent times. However, the inevitable changes in gut microbiota during progression of the disease merits closer look. The present work intends to assess the time-dependent gut dysbiosis in MAFLD, its implications in disease progression and role of plant-derived prebiotics in its attenuation. Male C57BL/6J mice were given western diet (WD) for up to 16 weeks and phloretin was administered orally. The fecal samples of mice were collected every fourth week for 16 weeks. The animals were sacrificed at the end of the study and biochemical and histological analyses were performed. Further, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis was performed to investigate longitudinal modification of gut microbiome at different time points. Findings of our study corroborate that phloretin alleviated the metabolic changes and mitigated circulating inflammatory cytokines levels. Phloretin treatment resists WD induced changes in microbial diversity of mice and decreased endotoxin content. Prolonged exposure of WD changed dynamics of gut microbiota abundance and distribution. Increased abundance of pathogenic taxa like Desulfovibrionaceae, Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium, and Terrisporobacter was noted. Phloretin treatment not only reversed this dysbiosis but also modulated taxonomic signatures of beneficial microbes like Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, and Alloprevotella. Therefore, the potential of phloretin to restore gut eubiosis could be utilized as an intervention strategy for the prevention of MAFLD and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chhimwal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prince Anand
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Priyanka Mehta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Swarnkar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Grander C, Grabherr F, Tilg H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: pathophysiological concepts and treatment options. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1787-1798. [PMID: 37364164 PMCID: PMC10405569 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is continually increasing due to the global obesity epidemic. NAFLD comprises a systemic metabolic disease accompanied frequently by insulin resistance and hepatic and systemic inflammation. Whereas simple hepatic steatosis is the most common disease manifestation, a more progressive disease course characterized by liver fibrosis and inflammation (i.e. non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) is present in 10-20% of affected individuals. NAFLD furthermore progresses in a substantial number of patients towards liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Whereas this disease now affects almost 25% of the world's population and is mainly observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes, NAFLD also affects lean individuals. Pathophysiology involves lipotoxicity, hepatic immune disturbances accompanied by hepatic insulin resistance, a gut dysbiosis, and commonly hepatic and systemic insulin resistance defining this disorder a prototypic systemic metabolic disorder. Not surprisingly many affected patients have other disease manifestations, and indeed cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and extrahepatic malignancies are all contributing substantially to patient outcome. Weight loss and lifestyle change reflect the cornerstone of treatment, and several medical treatment options are currently under investigation. The most promising treatment strategies include glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor antagonists, sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors, Fibroblast Growth Factor analogues, Farnesoid X receptor agonists, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists. Here, we review epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic options for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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Effenberger M, Waschina S, Bronowski C, Sturm G, Tassiello O, Sommer F, Zollner A, Watschinger C, Grabherr F, Gstir R, Grander C, Enrich B, Bale R, Putzer D, Djanani A, Moschen AR, Zoller H, Rupp J, Schreiber S, Burcelin R, Lass-Flörl C, Trajanoski Z, Oberhuber G, Rosenstiel P, Adolph TE, Aden K, Tilg H. A gut bacterial signature in blood and liver tissue characterizes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e00182. [PMID: 37314752 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HCC is the leading cause of cancer in chronic liver disease. A growing body of experimental mouse models supports the notion that gut-resident and liver-resident microbes control hepatic immune responses and, thereby, crucially contribute to liver tumorigenesis. However, a comprehensive characterization of the intestinal microbiome in fueling the transition from chronic liver disease to HCC in humans is currently missing. METHODS Here, we profiled the fecal, blood, and liver tissue microbiome of patients with HCC by 16S rRNA sequencing and compared profiles to nonmalignant cirrhotic and noncirrhotic NAFLD patients. RESULTS We report a distinct bacterial profile, defined from 16S rRNA gene sequences, with reduced α-and β-diversity in the feces of patients with HCC and cirrhosis compared to NAFLD. Patients with HCC and cirrhosis exhibited an increased proportion of fecal bacterial gene signatures in the blood and liver compared to NAFLD. Differential analysis of the relative abundance of bacterial genera identified an increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroidaceae in blood and liver tissue from both HCC and cirrhosis patients compared to NAFLD. Fecal samples from cirrhosis and HCC patients both showed a reduced abundance for several taxa, including short-chain fatty acid-producing genera, such as Blautia and Agathobacter. Using paired 16S rRNA and transcriptome sequencing, we identified a direct association between gut bacterial genus abundance and host transcriptome response within the liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates perturbations of the intestinal and liver-resident microbiome as a critical determinant of patients with cirrhosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Effenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silvio Waschina
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Nutriinformatics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christina Bronowski
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gregor Sturm
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oronzo Tassiello
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Nutriinformatics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Zollner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Watschinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Metabolism & Endocrinology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Gstir
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, ECMM, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Enrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reto Bale
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Putzer
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angela Djanani
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander R Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Metabolism & Endocrinology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Remy Burcelin
- INSERM 1297 and University Paul Sabatier: Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, France and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, ECMM, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Oberhuber
- INNPATH, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Ding L, Teng R, Zhu Y, Liu F, Wu L, Qin L, Wu X, Liu T. Electroacupuncture treatment ameliorates metabolic disorders in obese ZDF rats by regulating liver energy metabolism and gut microbiota. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1207574. [PMID: 37441502 PMCID: PMC10335763 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1207574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders represent a major therapeutic challenge to public health worldwide due to their dramatically increasing prevalence. Acupuncture is widely used as adjuvant therapy for multiple metabolic diseases. However, detailed biological interpretation of the acupuncture stimulations is still limited. The gut and the liver are intrinsically connected and related to metabolic function. Microbial metabolites might affect the gut-liver axis through multiple mechanisms. Liver metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing were used to explore the specific mechanism of electroacupuncture in treating ZDF rats in this study. Electroacupuncture effectively improved glycolipid metabolism disorders of the ZDF rats. Histopathology confirmed that electroacupuncture improved diffuse hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte vacuolation, and promoted glycogen accumulation in the liver. The treatment significantly improved microbial diversity and richness and upregulated beneficial bacteria that maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and decreased bacteria with detrimental metabolic features on host metabolism. Liver metabolomics showed that the main effects of electroacupuncture include reducing the carbon flow and intermediate products in the TCA cycle, regulating the metabolism of various amino acids, and inhibiting hepatic glucose output and de novo lipogenesis. The gut-liver axis correlation analysis showed a strong correlation between the liver metabolites and the gut microbiota, especially allantoin and Adlercreutzia. Electroacupuncture treatment can improve abnormal energy metabolism by reducing oxidative stress, ectopic fat deposition, and altering metabolic fluxes. Our results will help us to further understand the specific mechanism of electroacupuncture in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rufeng Teng
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengming Liu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Education, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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22
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Sun DQ, Targher G, Byrne CD, Wheeler DC, Wong VWS, Fan JG, Tilg H, Yuan WJ, Wanner C, Gao X, Long MT, Kanbay M, Nguyen MH, Navaneethan SD, Yilmaz Y, Huang Y, Gani RA, Marzuillo P, Boursier J, Zhang H, Jung CY, Chai J, Valenti L, Papatheodoridis G, Musso G, Wong YJ, El-Kassas M, Méndez-Sánchez N, Sookoian S, Pavlides M, Duseja A, Holleboom AG, Shi J, Chan WK, Fouad Y, Yang J, Treeprasertsuk S, Cortez-Pinto H, Hamaguchi M, Romero-Gomez M, Al Mahtab M, Ocama P, Nakajima A, Dai C, Eslam M, Wei L, George J, Zheng MH. An international Delphi consensus statement on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and risk of chronic kidney disease. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2023; 12:386-403. [PMID: 37351121 PMCID: PMC10282675 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-22-421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rising global prevalence of fatty liver disease related to metabolic dysfunction, the association of this common liver condition with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become increasingly evident. In 2020, the more inclusive term metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was proposed to replace the term non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The observed association between MAFLD and CKD and our understanding that CKD can be a consequence of underlying metabolic dysfunction support the notion that individuals with MAFLD are at higher risk of having and developing CKD compared with those without MAFLD. However, to date, there is no appropriate guidance on CKD in individuals with MAFLD. Furthermore, there has been little attention paid to the link between MAFLD and CKD in the Nephrology community. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a Delphi-based approach, a multidisciplinary panel of 50 international experts from 26 countries reached a consensus on some of the open research questions regarding the link between MAFLD and CKD. CONCLUSIONS This Delphi-based consensus statement provided guidance on the epidemiology, mechanisms, management and treatment of MAFLD and CKD, as well as the relationship between the severity of MAFLD and risk of CKD, which establish a framework for the early prevention and management of these two common and interconnected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
- Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher D. Byrne
- Southampton National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, and Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David C. Wheeler
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wei-Jie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Würzburg University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michelle T. Long
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M.K.), Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mindie H. Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sankar D. Navaneethan
- Section of Nephrology and Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, and Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yusuf Yilmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Rino A. Gani
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Medical Faculty Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Pierluigi Marzuillo
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES EA3859, Angers University, Angers, France
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan-Young Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chai
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - George Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanni Musso
- Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, HUMANITAS Gradenigo Hospital;
| | - Yu-Jun Wong
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singhealth, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohamed El-Kassas
- Department of Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Silvia Sookoian
- Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Pavlides
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Adriaan G. Holleboom
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Junping Shi
- Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yasser Fouad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manuel Romero-Gomez
- UCM Digestive Diseases, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (CSIC/HUVR/US), Ciberehd, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mamun Al Mahtab
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University of College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lai Wei
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
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23
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Qin L, Wu J, Sun X, Huang X, Huang W, Weng C, Cai J. The regulatory role of metabolic organ-secreted factors in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1119005. [PMID: 37180779 PMCID: PMC10169694 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1119005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, which is becoming a major global health problem, affecting about a quarter of the population. In the past decade, mounting studies have found that 25%-40% of NAFLD patients have cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD is one of the leading causes of death in these subjects. However, it has not attracted enough awareness and emphasis from clinicians, and the underlying mechanisms of CVD in NAFLD patients remain unclear. Available research reveals that inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders play indispensable roles in the pathogenesis of CVD in NAFLD. Notably, emerging evidence indicates that metabolic organ-secreted factors, including hepatokines, adipokines, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and gut-derived factors, are also involved in the occurrence and development of metabolic disease and CVD. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the role of metabolic organ-secreted factors in NAFLD and CVD. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the relationship between metabolic organ-secreted factors and NAFLD as well as CVD, which is beneficial for clinicians to comprehensive and detailed understanding of the association between both diseases and strengthen management to improve adverse cardiovascular prognosis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chunyan Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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24
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Zhu CH, Li YX, Xu YC, Wang NN, Yan QJ, Jiang ZQ. Tamarind Xyloglucan Oligosaccharides Attenuate Metabolic Disorders via the Gut-Liver Axis in Mice with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071382. [PMID: 37048202 PMCID: PMC10093524 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional oligosaccharides exert obesity-reducing effects by acting at various pathological sites responsible for the development of obesity. In this study, tamarind xyloglucan oligosaccharides (TXOS) were used to attenuate metabolic disorders via the gut-liver axis in mice with high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity, as determined through LC/MS-MS and 16S rRNA sequencing technology. A TXOS dose equivalent to 0.39 g/kg/day in humans restored the gut microbiota in obese mice, which was in part supported by the key microflora, particularly Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. Moreover, TXOS reduced the abundance of opportunistic pathogen species, such as Klebsiella variicola and Romboutsia ilealis. The bodyweight and weight gain of TXOS-treated (4.8 g/kg per day) mice began to decrease at the 14th week, decreasing by 12.8% and 23.3%, respectively. Sixteen fatty acids were identified as potential biomarkers in the liver, and B. pseudolongum and caprylic acid were found to tightly regulate each other. This was associated with reduced inflammation in the liver, circulation, and adipose tissue and protection from metabolic disorders. The findings of this study indicate that TXOS can significantly increase the gut microbiota diversity of obese mice and restore the HFD-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yun-Cong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan-Nan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiao-Juan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zheng-Qiang Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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25
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Pirola CJ, Sookoian S. Advances in our understanding of the molecular heterogeneity of fatty liver disease: toward informed treatment decision making. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:317-324. [PMID: 36912694 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2191190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex disorder resulting from intricate relationships with diverse cardiometabolic risk factors and environmental factors. NAFLD may result in severe chronic liver damage and potentially declining liver function. AREAS COVERED Accumulated knowledge over the last decade indicates that the disease trajectory presents substantial heterogeneity. In addition, overlapping features with the diseases of the metabolic syndrome, combined with heterogeneity in disease mechanisms, further complicates NAFLD diagnosis and prognosis, and hampers progress in biomarker and pharmacological discoveries. Here, we explore solving the heterogeneous clinical landscape of NAFLD by cluster analysis of molecular signatures that serve as a proxy for disease stratification into molecular sub-types. First, we collected information on NAFLD and metabolic syndrome-associated protein-coding genes by data mining the literature. Next, we performed pathways enrichment and cluster analyses to decipher and dissect the different patterns of phenotypic heterogeneity. Our approach showed unique biological pathways for every clinical subtype/group, namely NAFLD + obesity, NAFLD + arterial hypertension, NAFLD + dyslipidemia, and NAFLD + type 2 diabetes. EXPERT OPINION Patients with NAFLD may be benefited by a better understanding of the disease biology, which involves 'dissection' of the molecular sub-phenotypes that drive the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Pirola
- Systems Biology of Complex Diseases, Centro de Altos Estudios En Ciencias Humanas Y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Centro de Altos Estudios En Ciencias Humanas Y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Simon TG, Roelstraete B, Alkhouri N, Hagström H, Sundström J, Ludvigsson JF. Cardiovascular disease risk in paediatric and young adult non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut 2023; 72:573-580. [PMID: 36522149 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Longitudinal evidence is lacking regarding the long-term risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in children and young adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). DESIGN This nationwide cohort study included all Swedish children and young adults ≤25 years old with histologically confirmed NAFLD and without underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline (1966-2016; n=699). NAFLD was defined from prospectively recorded histopathology, and further categorised as simple steatosis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD patients were matched to ≤5 population controls without NAFLD or CVD (n=3353). Using Cox proportional hazards modelling, we calculated multivariable-adjusted HRs (aHRs) and 95% CIs for incident MACE (ie, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure or cardiovascular mortality). In secondary analyses, we also explored rates of incident cardiac arrhythmias. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 16.6 years, incident MACE was confirmed in 33 NAFLD patients and 52 controls. NAFLD patients had significantly higher rates of MACE than controls (3.1 vs 0.9/1000 person-years (PY); difference=2.1/1000 PY; aHR=2.33, 95% CI=1.43 to 3.78), including higher rates of ischaemic heart disease (difference=1.4/1000 PY; aHR=3.07, 95% CI 1.62 to 5.83) and congestive heart failure (difference=0.5/1000 PY; aHR=3.89, 95% CI=1.20 to 12.64). Rates of incident MACE outcomes appeared to be further augmented with NASH (aHR=5.27, 95% CI=1.96 to 14.19). In secondary analyses, NAFLD patients also had significantly higher rates of cardiac arrythmias (aHR=3.16, 95% CI=1.49 to 6.68). CONCLUSION Compared with matched population controls, children and young adults with biopsy-proven NAFLD had significantly higher rates of incident MACE, including ischaemic heart disease and congestive heart failure. Research to better characterise cardiovascular risk in children and young adults with NAFLD should be prioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey G Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Naim Alkhouri
- Hepatology, Arizona Liver Health, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Diseases, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Tian G, Wang W, Xia E, Chen W, Zhang S. Dendrobium officinale alleviates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by modulating gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1078447. [PMID: 36860985 PMCID: PMC9968977 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1078447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study investigated the preventive effect of Dendrobium officinale (DO), including whether its effect was related to the gut microbiota, intestinal permeability and liver inflammation. Methods A NASH model was established in rats using a high-fat diet (HFD) and gavage with different doses of DO or Atorvastatin Calcium (AT) for 10 weeks. Body weight and body mass index along with liver appearance, weight, index, pathology, and biochemistry were measured to assess the preventive effects of DO on NASH rats. Changes in the gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, and intestinal permeability and liver inflammation were determined to explore the mechanism by which DO treatment prevented NASH. Results Pathological and biochemical indexes showed that DO was able to protect rats against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that Proteobacteria, Romboutsia, Turicibacter, Lachnoclostridium, Blautia, Ruminococcus_torques_group, Sutterella, Escherichia-Shigella, Prevotella, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus_acidophilus differed significantly at the phylum, genus, and species levels. DO treatment modulated the diversity, richness, and evenness of gut microbiota, downregulated the abundance of the Gram-negative bacteria Proteobacteria, Sutterella, and Escherichia-Shigella, and reduced gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. DO also restored expression of the tight junction proteins, zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, and occludin in the intestine and ameliorated the increased intestinal permeability caused by HFD, gut microbiota such as Turicibacter, Ruminococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Sutterella, and LPS. Lower intestinal permeability reduced LPS delivery to the liver, thus inhibiting TLR4 expression and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation, improving liver inflammation. Discussion These results suggest that DO may alleviate NASH by regulating the gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Tian
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China,The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China,College of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Enrui Xia
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China,The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China,College of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Shunzhen Zhang, ; Wenhui Chen,
| | - Shunzhen Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China,The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Shunzhen Zhang, ; Wenhui Chen,
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Ohkusa T, Nishikawa Y, Sato N. Gastrointestinal disorders and intestinal bacteria: Advances in research and applications in therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:935676. [PMID: 36825261 PMCID: PMC9941163 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.935676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria coexist with humans and play a role in suppressing the invasion of pathogens, producing short-chain fatty acids, producing vitamins, and controlling the immune system. Studies have been carried out on culturable bacterial species using bacterial culture methods for many years. However, as metagenomic analysis of bacterial genes has been developed since the 1990s, it has recently revealed that many bacteria in the intestine cannot be cultured and that approximately 1,000 species and 40 trillion bacteria are present in the gut microbiota. Furthermore, the composition of the microbiota is different in each disease state compared with the healthy state, and dysbiosis has received much attention as a cause of various diseases. Regarding gastrointestinal diseases, dysbiosis has been reported to be involved in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Recent findings have also suggested that dysbiosis is involved in colon cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, and so on. This review focuses on the relationship between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary diseases and also discusses new therapies targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuriko Nishikawa
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Sato
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Zhang XL, Chen L, Yang J, Zhao SS, Jin S, Ao N, Yang J, Liu HX, Du J. Vitamin D alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via restoring gut microbiota and metabolism. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117644. [PMID: 36819064 PMCID: PMC9932697 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a severe public health problem. Dysbiosis of gut microbiome has been identified as one of the key environmental factors contributing to NAFLD. As an essential nutrition, Vitamin D (VD) plays an important role in regulating gut microbiota based on its receptor (Vitamin D Receptor, VDR) which is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. Methods Rats were fed with HFD (high-fat diet) for 12 weeks. And the rats were treated with VD two times a week by intraperitoneal injection for 12 weeks. H&E staining combined with plasma biochemical index was performed to characterize pathological changes and function of the liver. Fecal microbiota 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were taken to reveal the altered gut microbiota and metabolites. Result The VD alleviates the HFD-induced lipid accumulation in the liver as well as decreases the levels of amlodipine besylate (ALT) and amlodipine aspartate (AST). VD supplement decreased the ratio of phylum Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) but increased alpha diversity. In addition, the VD treatment improved the HFD-induced gut microbiota by increasing the Prevotella and Porphyromonadaceae and decreasing Mucispirillum, Acetatifactor, Desulfovibrio, and Oscillospira abundance. Furthermore, the capability of tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and sphingolipid metabolism was enhanced after VD treatment. Consistently, Prevotella positively correlated with tryptophan metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. Importantly, the Prevotella abundance was positively associated with serotonin, melatonin, tryptamine, L-arginine, and 3-dehydrosphinganine which synthesize from tryptophan, tyrosine, arginosuccinate, and serine, respectively. Conclusion VD treatment inhibited HFD-induced NAFLD accompany by dysbiosis gut microbiota and metabolites, suggesting that VD supplement could be a potential intervention used for NAFLD treatment by targeting the specific microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhao
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Ao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui-Xin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Hui-Xin Liu,
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Jian Du,
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30
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Liver Microbiome in Healthy Rats: The Hidden Inhabitants of Hepatocytes. Cell Microbiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/7369034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The tumor and tissue microbiota of human beings have recently been investigated. Gut permeability is known as a possible resource for the positive detection of tissue bacteria. Herein, we report that microbiota were detected in high abundance in the hepatocytes of healthy rats and that they were shared with the gut microbiota to an extent. We assessed male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats for the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene. After the rats were sacrificed by blood drainage from the portal vein, we extracted total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from their ileal and colonic contents and liver tissues. The V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Sequences were assigned taxonomically by the SILVA database. We also detected bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in situ using immunofluorescence (IF) and western blotting and the 16S rRNA gene using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). In the livers of six rats, we detected
effective tags of the 16S rRNA gene and clustered them into 1003 kinds of operational taxonomic units (OTUs;
, 729–893). Rats showed conservation of bacterial richness, abundance, and evenness. LPS and the 16S rRNA gene were detected in the nuclei of hepatocytes. The main function composition of the genomes of annotated bacteria was correlated with metabolism (
). Gram negativity was about 1.6 times higher than gram positivity. The liver microbiome was shared with both the small and large intestines but showed significantly higher richness and evenness than the gut microbiome, and the β-diversity results showed that the liver microbiome exhibited significantly higher similarity than the small and large intestines (
). Our results suggest that the bacteria in the liver microbiome are hidden intracellular inhabitants in healthy rat livers.
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31
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Champion C, Neagoe RM, Effernberger M, Sala DT, Servant F, Christensen JE, Arnoriaga-Rodriguez M, Amar J, Lelouvier B, Loubieres P, Azalbert V, Minty M, Thomas C, Blasco-Baque V, Gamboa F, Tilg H, Cardellini M, Federici M, Fernández-Real JM, Loubes JM, Burcelin R. Human liver microbiota modeling strategy at the early onset of fibrosis. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:34. [PMID: 36717776 PMCID: PMC9885577 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is involved in the development of liver diseases such as fibrosis. We and others identified that selected sets of gut bacterial DNA and bacteria translocate to tissues, notably the liver, to establish a non-infectious tissue microbiota composed of microbial DNA and a low frequency live bacteria. However, the precise set of bacterial DNA, and thereby the corresponding taxa associated with the early stages of fibrosis need to be identified. Furthermore, to overcome the impact of different group size and patient origins we adapted innovative statistical approaches. Liver samples with low liver fibrosis scores (F0, F1, F2), to study the early stages of the disease, were collected from Romania(n = 36), Austria(n = 10), Italy(n = 19), and Spain(n = 17). The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. We considered the frequency, sparsity, unbalanced sample size between cohorts to identify taxonomic profiles and statistical differences. RESULTS Multivariate analyses, including adapted spectral clustering with L1-penalty fair-discriminant strategies, and predicted metagenomics were used to identify that 50% of liver taxa associated with the early stage fibrosis were Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Xanthobacteriaceae and Burkholderiaceae. The Flavobacteriaceae and Xanthobacteriaceae discriminated between F0 and F1. Predicted metagenomics analysis identified that the preQ0 biosynthesis and the potential pathways involving glucoryranose and glycogen degradation were negatively associated with liver fibrosis F1-F2 vs F0. CONCLUSIONS Without demonstrating causality, our results suggest first a role of bacterial translocation to the liver in the progression of fibrosis, notably at the earliest stages. Second, our statistical approach can identify microbial signatures and overcome issues regarding sample size differences, the impact of environment, and sets of analyses. TRIAL REGISTRATION TirguMECCH ROLIVER Prospective Cohort for the Identification of Liver Microbiota, registration 4065/2014. Registered 01 01 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Champion
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XUnité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: ‘Intestinal Risk FactorsDiabetesDyslipidemia’, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), F-31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Radu M. Neagoe
- Second Department of Surgery, Emergency Mureş County Hospital, University of Medicine Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” Tîrgu Mures, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Maria Effernberger
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela T. Sala
- Second Department of Surgery, Emergency Mureş County Hospital, University of Medicine Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” Tîrgu Mures, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | | | - Jeffrey E. Christensen
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XUnité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: ‘Intestinal Risk FactorsDiabetesDyslipidemia’, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), F-31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Maria Arnoriaga-Rodriguez
- grid.411295.a0000 0001 1837 4818Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Girona ‘Dr Josep Trueta’, Girona, Spain ,grid.429182.4Institut d’Investigacio Biomedica de Girona IdibGi, Girona, Spain ,CIBER Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad Y Nutricion, Girona, Spain
| | - Jacques Amar
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XUnité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: ‘Intestinal Risk FactorsDiabetesDyslipidemia’, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), F-31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France ,grid.414295.f0000 0004 0638 3479Therapeutics Department, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pascale Loubieres
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XUnité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: ‘Intestinal Risk FactorsDiabetesDyslipidemia’, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), F-31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Vincent Azalbert
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XUnité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: ‘Intestinal Risk FactorsDiabetesDyslipidemia’, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), F-31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Matthieu Minty
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XUnité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: ‘Intestinal Risk FactorsDiabetesDyslipidemia’, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), F-31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Charlotte Thomas
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XUnité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: ‘Intestinal Risk FactorsDiabetesDyslipidemia’, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), F-31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Vincent Blasco-Baque
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XUnité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: ‘Intestinal Risk FactorsDiabetesDyslipidemia’, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), F-31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Fabrice Gamboa
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Herbert Tilg
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marina Cardellini
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Jose-Manuel Fernández-Real
- grid.411295.a0000 0001 1837 4818Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Girona ‘Dr Josep Trueta’, Girona, Spain ,grid.429182.4Institut d’Investigacio Biomedica de Girona IdibGi, Girona, Spain ,CIBER Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad Y Nutricion, Girona, Spain
| | - Jean Michel Loubes
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XInstitut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XUnité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1297, Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Team 2: ‘Intestinal Risk FactorsDiabetesDyslipidemia’, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), F-31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Woestemeier A, Scognamiglio P, Zhao Y, Wagner J, Muscate F, Casar C, Siracusa F, Cortesi F, Agalioti T, Müller S, Sagebiel A, Konczalla L, Wahib R, Karstens KF, Giannou AD, Duprée A, Wolter S, Wong MN, Mühlig AK, Bielecka AA, Bansal V, Zhang T, Mann O, Puelles VG, Huber TB, Lohse AW, Izbicki JR, Palm NW, Bonn S, Huber S, Gagliani N. Multicytokine-producing CD4+ T cells characterize the livers of patients with NASH. JCI Insight 2023; 8:153831. [PMID: 36625344 PMCID: PMC9870087 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A role of CD4+ T cells during the progression from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been suggested, but which polarization state of these cells characterizes this progression and the development of fibrosis remain unclear. In addition, a gut-liver axis has been suggested to play a role in NASH, but the role of CD4+ T cells in this axis has just begun to be investigated. Combining single-cell RNA sequencing and multiple-parameter flow cytometry, we provide the first cell atlas to our knowledge focused on liver-infiltrating CD4+ T cells in patients with NAFLD and NASH, showing that NASH is characterized by a population of multicytokine-producing CD4+ T cells. Among these cells, only those with a Th17 polarization state were enriched in patients with advanced fibrosis. In parallel, we observed that Bacteroides appeared to be enriched in the intestine of NASH patients and to correlate with the frequency of multicytokine-producing CD4+ T cells. In short, we deliver a CD4+ T cell atlas of NAFLD and NASH, providing the rationale to target CD4+ T cells with a Th17 polarization state to block fibrosis development. Finally, our data offer an early indication to test whether multicytokine-producing CD4+ T cells are part of the gut-liver axis characterizing NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH)
| | - Jonas Wagner
- Department for General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery
| | | | - Christian Casar
- Department for General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery
- Bioinformatics Core, and
| | | | | | | | - Simone Müller
- Department for General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery
| | | | | | - Ramez Wahib
- Department for General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery
| | | | | | - Anna Duprée
- Department for General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery
| | - Stefan Wolter
- Department for General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery
| | - Milagros N. Wong
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne K. Mühlig
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- University’s Children Hospital, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Agata A. Bielecka
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vikas Bansal
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH)
| | - Tianran Zhang
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH)
| | - Oliver Mann
- Department for General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery
| | - Victor G. Puelles
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Noah W. Palm
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH)
| | | | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department for General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery
- I Department of Medicine
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sun L, Tan X, Liang X, Chen H, Ou Q, Wu Q, Yu X, Zhao H, Huang Q, Yi Z, Wei J, Wu F, Zhu H, Wang L. Maternal Betaine Supplementation Mitigates Maternal High Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD in Offspring Mice through Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020284. [PMID: 36678155 PMCID: PMC9861146 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal betaine supplementation has been proven to alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in offspring caused by maternal high-fat diet (MHFD). The gut-liver axis plays an important role in NAFLD pathogenesis. However, whether maternal betaine supplementation can alleviate NAFLD in offspring by the gut-liver axis is unknown. C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks before mating, and supplemented with 1% betaine during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, offspring mice were fed with standard diet to 10 weeks. Maternal betaine supplementation reduced hepatic triglyceride content and alleviated hepatic steatosis in offspring mice exposed to MHFD. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of PPARα, CPT1α and FATP2 was increased and TNFα was reduced by maternal betaine supplementation. Maternal betaine intake decreased the relative abundances of Proteobateria, Desulfovibrio and Ruminococcus, but increased the relative abundances of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides. Moreover, maternal betaine intake increased the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid, in the feces. Gut microbiota and SCFAs were significantly correlated with hepatic triglyceride content and expression of the above genes. Maternal betaine intake had no effect on other gut microbiota-related metabolites (bile acid and trimethylamine-n-oxide). Altogether, maternal betaine supplementation ameliorated MHFD-induced NAFLD possibly through regulating gut microbiota and SCFAs in offspring mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqiao Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuying Tan
- Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hangjun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qian Ou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiongmei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinxue Yu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiaoli Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zehua Yi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Science and Technology, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Science and Technology, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Huilian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-85228095
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Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome: Clinical and epidemiological impact on liver disease. J Hepatol 2023; 78:191-206. [PMID: 36063967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use and metabolic syndrome are highly prevalent in the population and frequently co-exist. Both are implicated in a large range of health problems, including chronic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related outcomes (i.e. decompensation or liver transplantation). Studies have yielded mixed results regarding the effects of mild-moderate alcohol consumption on the risk of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver disease, possibly due to methodological differences. The few available prospective studies have indicated that mild-moderate alcohol use is associated with an increase in liver-related outcomes. This conclusion was substantiated by systems biology analyses suggesting that alcohol and metabolic syndrome may play a similar role in fatty liver disease, potentiating an already existing dysregulation of common vital homeostatic pathways. Alcohol and metabolic factors are independently and jointly associated with liver-related outcomes. Indeed, metabolic syndrome increases the risk of liver-related outcomes, regardless of alcohol intake. Moreover, the components of metabolic syndrome appear to have additive effects when it comes to the risk of liver-related outcomes. A number of population studies have implied that measures of central/abdominal obesity, such as the waist-to-hip ratio, can predict liver-related outcomes more accurately than BMI, including in individuals who consume harmful quantities of alcohol. Many studies even point to synergistic interactions between harmful alcohol use and many metabolic components. This accumulating evidence showing independent, combined, and modifying effects of alcohol and metabolic factors on the onset and progression of chronic liver disease highlights the multifactorial background of liver disease in the population. The available evidence suggests that more holistic approaches could be useful for risk prediction, diagnostics and treatment planning.
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Chen H, Wu X, Sun R, Lu H, Lin R, Gao X, Li G, Feng Z, Zhu R, Yao Y, Feng B, Liu Z. Dysregulation of CD177 + neutrophils on intraepithelial lymphocytes exacerbates gut inflammation via decreasing microbiota-derived DMF. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2172668. [PMID: 36729914 PMCID: PMC9897772 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2172668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils synergize with intestinal resident intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) to serve as the first-line defense and maintain intestinal homeostasis. However, the underlying mechanisms whereby neutrophils regulate IELs to inhibit intestinal inflammation are still not completely understood. Here, we found that depletion of neutrophils (especially CD177+ subset) caused expansion of colitogenic TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IELs, increased intestinal inflammation, and dysbiosis after dextran sulfate sodium exposure or Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice. scRNA-seq analysis revealed a pyroptosis-related gene signature and hyperresponsiveness to microbiota in TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IELs from colitic Cd177-/- mice. Microbiota-derived fumarate and its derivative dimethyl fumarate (DMF), as well as fumarate-producing microbiotas, decreased in the feces of colitic Cd177-/- mice. Elimination of dysbiosis by antibiotics treatment or co-housing procedure and DMF supplementation restrained TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IEL activation. Consistently, DMF significantly alleviated intestinal mucosal inflammation in mice through restricting gasdermin D (GSDMD)-induced pyroptosis of TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IELs. Therefore, our data reveal that neutrophils inhibit intestinal inflammation by promoting microbiota-derived DMF to regulate TCRγδ+CD8αα+ IEL activation in a GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis-dependent manner, and that DMF may serve as a therapeutic target for the management of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chen
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruicong Sun
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Lu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ritian Lin
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengfeng Li
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongsheng Feng
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baisui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Division of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China,CONTACT Zhanju Liu Center for IBD Research, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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36
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Tang Y, Chen B, Huang X, He X, Yi J, Zhao H, Tian F, Liu Y, Liu B. Fu brick tea alleviates high fat induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by remodeling the gut microbiota and liver metabolism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1062323. [PMID: 36618677 PMCID: PMC9815510 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1062323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fu brick tea (FBT) and its extracts have good lipid-lowering effects and have been used in the treatment of obesity in previous studies. Unfortunately, the therapeutic effect of FBT on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we explored the mechanism by which FBT alleviates NAFLD from the perspective of the gut microbiota and liver metabolites. The results showed that FBT could reduce the body weight, liver weight and abdominal fat of NAFLD mice, and improve liver pathological morphology, liver lipid deposition, blood lipids and liver function. Moreover, FBT improved the diversity of the gut microbiota and changed the profile of liver metabolism in NAFLD mice. Further studies showed that FBT could ameliorate the cecum barrier, and regulate the effects of factors related to lipid synthesis in the cecum and liver of NAFLD mice. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that FBT can alleviate high fat induced NAFLD by regulating the homeostasis of the gut microbiota and liver metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Bowei Chen
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Research and Translation on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases in Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Xu He
- Department of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Jian Yi
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Research and Translation on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases in Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Fengming Tian
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Research and Translation on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases in Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Research and Translation on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases in Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Baiyan Liu
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Guo J, Shi CX, Zhang QQ, Deng W, Zhang LY, Chen Q, Zhang DM, Gong ZJ. Interventions for non-alcoholic liver disease: a gut microbial metabolites perspective. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221138676. [PMID: 36506748 PMCID: PMC9730013 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221138676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a leading burden of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. Although the exact pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been fully elucidated, recent hypotheses placed more emphasis on the crucial role of the gut microbiome and its derivatives. Reportedly, microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, amino acid metabolites (indole and its derivatives), bile acids (BAs), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and endogenous ethanol exhibit sophisticated bioactive properties. These molecules regulate host lipid, glucose, and BAs metabolic homeostasis via modulating nutrient absorption, energy expenditure, inflammation, and the neuroendocrine axis. Consequently, a broad range of research has studied the therapeutic effects of microbiota-derived metabolites. In this review, we explore the interaction of microbial products and NAFLD. We also discuss the regulatory role of existing NAFLD therapies on metabolite levels and investigate the potential of targeting those metabolites to relieve NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Xia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Qi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Mei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Tilg H, Adolph TE, Trauner M. Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and clinical implications. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1700-1718. [PMID: 36208625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional crosstalk along the gut-liver axis controls gastrointestinal health and disease and exploits environmental and host mediators. Nutrients, microbial antigens, metabolites, and bile acids regulate metabolism and immune responses in the gut and liver, which reciprocally shape microbial community structure and function. Perturbation of such host-microbe interactions is observed in a variety of experimental liver diseases and is facilitated by an impaired intestinal barrier, which is fueling hepatic inflammation and disease progression. Clinical evidence describes perturbation of the gut-liver crosstalk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. In liver cirrhosis, a common sequela of these diseases, the intestinal microbiota and microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns constitute liver inflammation and clinical complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Understanding the intricate metabolic interplay between the gut and liver in health and disease opens an avenue for targeted therapies in the future, which is probed in controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
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Huang JH, Wang J, Chai XQ, Li ZC, Jiang YH, Li J, Liu X, Fan J, Cai JB, Liu F. The Intratumoral Bacterial Metataxonomic Signature of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0098322. [PMID: 36173308 PMCID: PMC9602924 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00983-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota is implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The spectrum of intratumoral microbiota associated with HCC progression remains elusive. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that microbial DNAs were distributed in the cytosol of liver hepatocytes and erythrocytes. Viable anaerobic or aerobic bacteria were recovered in HCC tissues by fresh tissue culture. We performed a comprehensive DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in 156 samples from 28 normal liver, 64 peritumoral, and 64 HCC tissues, and the DNA sequencing yielded 4.2 million high-quality reads. Both alpha and beta diversity in peritumor and HCC microbiota were increased compared to normal controls. The most predominant phyla in HCC were Patescibacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota. phyla of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota, and classes of Bacilli and Actinobacteria, were consistently enriched in peritumor and HCC tissues, while Gammaproteobacteria was especially abundant in HCC tissues compared to normal controls. Streptococcaceae and Lactococcus were the marker taxa of HCC cirrhosis. The Staphylococcus branch and Caulobacter branch were selectively enriched in HBV-negative HCCs. The abundance of Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Saccharimonadia were associated with the clinicopathological features of HCC patients. The inferred functions of different taxa were changed between the microbiota of normal liver and peritumor/HCC. Random forest machine learning achieved great discriminative performance in HCC prediction (area under the curve [AUC] = 1.00 in the training cohort, AUC = 0.950 for top five class signature, and AUC = 0.943 for the top 50 operational taxonomy units [OTUs] in the validation cohort). Our analysis highlights the complexity and diversity of the liver and HCC microbiota and established a specific intratumoral microbial signature for the potential prediction of HCC. IMPORTANCE Gut microbiome is an important regulator of hepatic inflammation, detoxification, and immunity, and contributes to the carcinogenesis of liver cancer. Intratumoral bacteria are supposed to be closer to the tumor cells, forming a microenvironment that may be relevant to the pathological process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the presence of viable intratumoral bacteria remains unclear. It is worth exploring whether the metataxonomic characteristics of intratumoral bacteria can be used as a potential marker for HCC prediction. Here, we present the first evidence of the existence of viable intratumoral bacteria in HCC using the tissue culture method. We revealed that microbial DNAs were distributed in the cytosol of liver hepatocytes and erythrocytes. We analyzed the diversity, structure, and abundance of normal liver and HCC microbiota. We built a machine learning model for HCC prediction using intratumoral bacterial features. We show that specific taxa represent potential targets for both therapeutic and diagnostic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hang Huang
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical of Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical of Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Chai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Chen Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Hua Jiang
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical of Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai TongRen Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Bin Cai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical of Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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40
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Laursen TL, Mellemkjær A, Møller HJ, Grønbæk H, Kazankov K. Spotlight on liver macrophages for halting injury and progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:697-705. [PMID: 36205054 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2132145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and is rapidly emerging as the leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Macrophages play an essential role in the development and progression of NAFLD. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide an update on recent studies of drugs, which directly or indirectly affect macrophages in NAFLD, and discuss the implication of macrophage biomarkers to monitor the disease stage and progression/regression. EXPERT OPINION There is an unmet need for better understanding of disease pathogenesis from hepatic fat accumulation to disease progression with inflammation and fibrosis. We expect that future research will uncover additional objects/pathways as treatment targets. We speculate that this will involve better characterization of the gut microbiome, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) or molecules and pathways involved in development of DAMPS, and advanced molecular biology studies including single-cell sequencing of macrophage subpopulations. In addition, we speculate that studies focusing on pharmaceuticals that improve insulin resistance, diminish the metabolic syndrome and reduce fibrosis will prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Lund Laursen
- Department of Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Anders Mellemkjær
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Konstantin Kazankov
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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41
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Ivleva EA, Grivennikov SI. Microbiota-driven mechanisms at different stages of cancer development. Neoplasia 2022; 32:100829. [PMID: 35933824 PMCID: PMC9364013 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A myriad of microbes living together with the host constitutes the microbiota, and the microbiota exerts very diverse functions in the regulation of host physiology. Microbiota regulates cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and responses to therapy. Here we review known pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic functions of microbiota, and mechanisms of how microbes can shape tumor microenvironment and affect cancer cells as well as activation and functionality of immune and stromal cells within the tumor. While some of these mechanisms are distal, often distinct members of microbiota travel with and establish colonization with the tumors in the distant organs. We further briefly describe recent findings regarding microbiota composition in metastasis and highlight important future directions and considerations for the manipulation of microbiota for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Ivleva
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Sergei I Grivennikov
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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42
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Pirola CJ, Sookoian S. Personalized medicine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2022; 28:935-938. [PMID: 35748062 PMCID: PMC9597218 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Pirola
- Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina,Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)-University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina,Corresponding author : Carlos J. Pirola Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1427, Argentina Tel: +54-11-52873888, Fax: +54-11-52873888, E-mail:
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina,Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)-University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina,Silvia Sookoian Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1427, Argentina Tel: +54-11-52873905, Fax: +54-11-52873905, E-mail:
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Kabbani M, Michailidis E, Steensels S, Fulmer CG, Luna JM, Le Pen J, Tardelli M, Razooky B, Ricardo-Lax I, Zou C, Zeck B, Stenzel AF, Quirk C, Foquet L, Ashbrook AW, Schneider WM, Belkaya S, Lalazar G, Liang Y, Pittman M, Devisscher L, Suemizu H, Theise ND, Chiriboga L, Cohen DE, Copenhaver R, Grompe M, Meuleman P, Ersoy BA, Rice CM, de Jong YP. Human hepatocyte PNPLA3-148M exacerbates rapid non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development in chimeric mice. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111321. [PMID: 36103835 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rapidly emerging global health problem associated with pre-disposing genetic polymorphisms, most strikingly an isoleucine to methionine substitution in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3-I148M). Here, we study how human hepatocytes with PNPLA3 148I and 148M variants engrafted in the livers of broadly immunodeficient chimeric mice respond to hypercaloric diets. As early as four weeks, mice developed dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and steatosis with ballooning degeneration selectively in the human graft, followed by pericellular fibrosis after eight weeks of hypercaloric feeding. Hepatocytes with the PNPLA3-148M variant, either from a homozygous 148M donor or overexpressed in a 148I donor background, developed microvesicular and severe steatosis with frequent ballooning degeneration, resulting in more active steatohepatitis than 148I hepatocytes. We conclude that PNPLA3-148M in human hepatocytes exacerbates NAFLD. These models will facilitate mechanistic studies into human genetic variant contributions to advanced fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kabbani
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eleftherios Michailidis
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sandra Steensels
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, BB626, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Clifton G Fulmer
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Joseph M Luna
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jérémie Le Pen
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matteo Tardelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, BB626, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brandon Razooky
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Inna Ricardo-Lax
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chenhui Zou
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, BB626, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Briana Zeck
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Ansgar F Stenzel
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corrine Quirk
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Alison W Ashbrook
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William M Schneider
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Serkan Belkaya
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gadi Lalazar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, BB626, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yupu Liang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Meredith Pittman
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Neil D Theise
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, BB626, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Markus Grompe
- Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, OR 97062, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Baran A Ersoy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, BB626, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ype P de Jong
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, BB626, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Simon TG, Roelstraete B, Hagström H, Sundström J, Ludvigsson JF. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and incident major adverse cardiovascular events: results from a nationwide histology cohort. Gut 2022; 71:1867-1875. [PMID: 34489307 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some data suggest a positive association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). However, data are lacking from large cohorts with liver histology, which remains the gold standard for staging NAFLD severity. DESIGN This population-based cohort included all Swedish adults with histologically confirmed NAFLD and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline (1966-2016, n=10 422). NAFLD was defined from prospectively recorded histopathology and categorised as simple steatosis, non-fibrotic steatohepatitis, non-cirrhotic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Patients with NAFLD were matched to ≤5 population controls without NAFLD or CVD, by age, sex, calendar year and county (n=46 517). Using Cox proportional hazards modelling, we calculated multivariable adjusted HRs (aHRs) and 95% CIs for MACE outcomes (ie, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, congestive heart failure (CHF) or cardiovascular (CV) mortality). RESULTS Over a median of 13.6 years, incident MACE was confirmed in 2850 patients with NAFLD and 10 648 controls. Patients with NAFLD had higher incidence of MACE than controls (24.3 vs 16.0/1000 person-years (PY); difference=8.3/1000 PY; aHR 1.63, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.70), including higher rates of IHD (difference=4.2/1000 PY; aHR 1.64, 95% CI 1.54 to 1.75), CHF (difference=3.3/1000 PY; aHR 1.75, 95% CI 1.63 to 1.87), stroke (difference=2.4/1000 PY; aHR 1.58, 95% CI 1.46 to 1.71) and CV mortality (difference=1.2/1000 PY; aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.48). Rates of incident MACE increased progressively with worsening NAFLD severity (ptrend=0.02), with the highest incidence observed with cirrhosis (difference vs controls=27.2/1000 PY; aHR 2.15, 95% CI 1.77 to 2.61). CONCLUSION Compared with matched population controls, patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD had significantly higher incidence of MACE, including IHD, stroke, CHF and CV mortality. Excess risk was evident across all stages of NAFLD and increased with worsening disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey G Simon
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bjorn Roelstraete
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockhom, Sweden
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Center for Digestive Diseases, Division of Hepatology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden.,Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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45
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Recent findings in Akkermansia muciniphila-regulated metabolism and its role in intestinal diseases. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2333-2344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Xu Q, Cheng M, Jiang R, Zhao X, Zhu J, Liu M, Chao X, Zhang C, Zhou B. Effects of dietary supplement with a Chinese herbal mixture on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota in weaned pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:971647. [PMID: 36072392 PMCID: PMC9442064 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.971647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning stress decreases the growth performance of piglets and is one of the main concerns of pig industries. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines have been used to reduce the adverse effects of weaning stress as both nutritional supplements and antibiotic substitutes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a Chinese herbal mixture (Kangtaile, which contained Paeonia lactiflora, licorice, dandelion, and tea polyphenols) on the growth performances, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota of weaned pigs. A total of 400 weaned pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] were randomly allocated into one of four treatments: the CON group, fed with basic diet; the HM1 group, fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.5 g herbal mixture/kg diet; the HM2 group, fed with basal diet supplemented with 1.0 g herbal mixture/kg diet; or the HM3 group, fed with basal diet supplemented with 1.5 g herbal mixture/kg diet. The results revealed that dietary supplementation with the herbal mixture for 28 days improved average daily gain and feed conversion ratio, while decreased the diarrhea rate of weaned pigs. Moreover, dietary supple-mentation with the herbal mixture improved the antioxidant capacity through increasing the activity of catalase (CAT) and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level, while decreasing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum. Pigs supplemented with herbal mixture presented an increased serum immunoglobulin (Ig)M level on day 14 compared with control pigs. The herbal mixture altered the composition of intestinal microbiota by influencing the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. The relative abundances of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were significantly related to the body weight gain of pigs. In conclusion, supplementation of herbal mixture to the diet improved growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant capacity and modified the composition of intestinal microbiota in weaning pigs. This study provided new insights into the nutritional regulation effects of the herbal mixtures on weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Wuxi Sanzhi Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Wuxi, China
| | - Xianle Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingzheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohuan Chao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Zhou
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47
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Mei M, Liu D, Tang X, You Y, Peng B, He X, Huang J. Vitamin B6 Metabolic Pathway is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Liver Diseases via Multi-Omics Analysis. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:729-750. [PMID: 35979344 PMCID: PMC9377404 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s370255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To clarify the underlying regulatory mechanisms of progression from liver cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we analyzed the microbiomics, metabolomics, and proteomics in plasma and tissues from patients with HCC or decompensated liver cirrhosis (DC). Patients and Methods Tissues and plasma from 44 HCC patients and 28 patients with DC were collected for metabolomic analysis. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed in nine HCC tissues (HCCT), four distal noncancerous tissues (HCCN), and 11 DC tissues (DCT). Five HCC tissues had liver cirrhosis (HCCT-LC). Five hepatocellular carcinoma tissues without liver cirrhosis (HCCT-NLC) and five DCT were selected for proteomic sequencing. After combining proteomic and metabolomic analysis, we constructed a mouse model of chronic liver injury using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and treated them with vitamin B6 (VB6). Results 16s rRNA sequence results showed that HCC tissues had higher alpha diversity. The highest LDA scores were detected for Elizabethkingia in HCCT, Subsaxibacter in DCT, and Stenotrophomon in HCCN. Metabolomics results demonstrated some metabolites, including capric acid, L-threonate, choline, alpha-D-Glucose, D-ribose, betaine, 2E-eicosenoic acid, linoleic acid, L-palmitoylcarnitine, taurodeoxycholic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, androsterone sulfate, and phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (MEHP), had better diagnostic efficacy than AFP (AUC: 0.852; 95% CI: 0.749, 0.954). In a combined analysis of metabolomics and proteomics, we found that HCCT-LC had more obvious disorders of VB6 metabolism and pentose and glucuronate interconversions than DCT, and kynurenine metabolism disorder was more significant in HCCT-LC than in HCCT-NLC. In the CCl4-induced chronic liver injury model, after VB6 supplementation, inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocyte edema, and degeneration were significantly improved. Conclusion We found significant differences in the flora distribution between HCCT and DC; MEHP was a new diagnostic biomarker of HCC, and VB6 ameliorated the inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocyte edema, and degeneration in chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Mei
- Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation & Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science & Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Danping Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation & Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science & Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxin Tang
- Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation & Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science & Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying You
- Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation & Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science & Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Baogang Peng
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation & Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science & Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Huang
- Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation & Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science & Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
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48
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Liakina V, Strainiene S, Stundiene I, Maksimaityte V, Kazenaite E. Gut microbiota contribution to hepatocellular carcinoma manifestation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1277-1290. [PMID: 36158907 PMCID: PMC9376773 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the gut microbiota has been recognized as an obvious active player in addition to liver steatosis/steatohepatitis in the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even in the absence of cirrhosis. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies shows the association of specific changes in the gut microbiome and the direct contribution to maintaining liver inflammation and/or cancerogenesis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-induced HCC. The composition of the gut microbiota differs significantly in obese and lean individuals, especially in the abundance of pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide-producing phyla, and, after establishing steatohepatitis, it undergoes minor changes during the progression of the disease toward advanced fibrosis. Experimental studies proved that the microbiota of obese subjects can induce steatohepatitis in normally fed mice. On the contrary, the transplantation of healthy microbiota to obese mice relieves steatosis. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings and the mechanisms involved. In this review, we have evaluated well-documented clinical and experimental research on the role of the gut microbiota in the manifestation and promotion of HCC in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Furthermore, a literature review of microbiota alterations and consequences of dysbiosis for the promotion of NASH-induced HCC was performed, and the advantages and limitations of the microbiota as an early marker of the diagnosis of HCC were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Liakina
- Centre of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VILNIUS TECH), Vilnius 10223, Lithuania
| | - Sandra Strainiene
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
- Therapeutic and Radiological Department, Antakalnis Polyclinic, Vilnius 10207, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Stundiene
- Centre of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Vaidota Maksimaityte
- Centre of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
| | - Edita Kazenaite
- Centre of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania
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49
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Yuan M, Lin L, Cao H, Zheng W, Wu L, Zuo H, Tian X, Song H. Intestinal Microbiota Participates in the Protective Effect of HO-1/BMMSCs on Liver Transplantation With Steatotic Liver Grafts in Rats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:905567. [PMID: 35756057 PMCID: PMC9226684 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.905567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore whether heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have a protective effect on liver transplantation with steatotic liver grafts in rats, and to determine the role of the intestinal microbiota in such protection. HO-1/BMMSCs were obtained by transduction of Hmox1 gene [encoding heme oxygenase (HO-1)]-encoding adenoviruses into primary rat BMMSCs. Steatotic livers were obtained by feeding rats a high-fat diet, and a model of liver transplantation with steatotic liver grafts was established. The recipients were treated with BMMSCs, HO-1/BMMSCs, or neither, via the portal vein. Two time points were used: postoperative day 1 (POD 1) and POD 7. The results showed that under the effect of HO-1/BMMSCs, the degree of steatosis in the liver grafts was significantly reduced, and the level of liver enzymes and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma were reduced. The effect of HO-1/BMMSCs was better than that of pure BMMSCs in the prolongation of the rats' postoperative time. In addition, HO-1/BMMSCs promoted the recovery of recipients' intestinal structure and function, especially on POD 7. The intestinal villi returned to normal, the expression of tight junction proteins was restored, and intestinal permeability was reduced on POD 7. The intestinal bacterial of the LT group showed significantly weakened energy metabolism and overgrowth. On POD 1, the abundance of Akkermansiaceae was higher. On POD 7, the abundance of Clostridiaceae increased, the level of lipopolysaccharide increased, the intestinal mucosal barrier function was destroyed, and the levels of several invasive bacteria increased. When treated with HO-1/BMMSCs, the energy metabolism of intestinal bacteria was enhanced, and on POD 1, levels bacteria that protect the intestinal mucosa, such as Desulfovibrionaceae, increased significantly. On POD 7, the changed intestinal microbiota improved lipid metabolism and increased the levels of butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, HO-1/BMMSCs have protective effects on steatotic liver grafts and the intestinal barrier function of the recipients. By improving lipid metabolism and increasing the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, the changed intestinal microbiota has a protective effect and prolongs the recipients' survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu Yuan
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Cao
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Longlong Wu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaiwen Zuo
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Tian
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongli Song
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
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50
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Li C, Yu S, Li X, Cao Y, Li M, Ji G, Zhang L. Medicinal Formula Huazhi-Rougan Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Through Enhancing Fecal Bile Acid Excretion in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:833414. [PMID: 35721143 PMCID: PMC9198489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.833414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huazhi-Rougan (HZRG) formula is a Traditional Chinese medicine prescription, and has been widely used to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the anti-NASH effects and the underlying mechanisms of HZRG have not yet been characterized. Here we showed that 4-week HZRG treatment alleviated methionine-choline-deficiency (MCD) diet-induced NASH in C57BL/6J mice, as evidenced by the improvement of hepatic steatosis and inflammation, as well as the decrease of serum levels of alanine and aspartate transaminases. Fecal 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that HZRG reduced the enrichment of pathogenic bacteria and increased the abundance of bacteria gena that are involved in bile acid (BA) conversation. The alteration of fecal and serum BA profile suggested that HZRG enhanced fecal BA excretion, and reduced the reabsorption of toxic secondary BA species (LCA, DCA, HCA). We further analyzed the BA receptors and transporters, and found that HZRG inhibited the expression of ileal bile acid transporter, and organic solute transporter subunit β, and increased the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-2). The modulation of gut dysbiosis and BA profile, as well as the improvement of the intestinal environment, may contribute to the decrease of the p-65 subunit of NF-κB phosphorylation, liver F4/80 positive macrophages, inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and TNF-α expression. In conclusion, HZRG treatment enhances fecal BA excretion via inhibiting BA transporters, modulates BA profiles, gut dysbiosis as well as the intestinal environment, thus contributing to the beneficial effect of HZRG on NASH mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Yu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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