1
|
Evenson KR, Kintigh JM, Neuroth LM, LaJeunesse S, Naumann RB. Public Health Involvement in United States' Vision Zero Initiatives: A Mixed-Methods Study. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2024; 30:567-577. [PMID: 38870374 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vision Zero (VZ) aims to reduce fatalities and serious injuries from road traffic crashes to zero through multidisciplinary coordination. While public health officials are often recognized as critical to VZ, their involvement in VZ across the United States has not been quantified. OBJECTIVE To explore how United States public health officials were involved in VZ development and implementation. DESIGN We used a mixed-method design including a quantitative assessment of VZ plans and in-depth interviewing with VZ coordinators. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-two in-depth interviews with municipal (n = 12) and regional (n = 10) VZ coordinators and 43 VZ plans were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Public health involvement in VZ development and implementation. RESULTS In the United States, 64 municipalities and 21 regional entities had first-time VZ plans published between 2014 and 2022. We abstracted a sample of municipal (n = 22) and all (n = 21) regional plans. Most plans described key groups involved in plan development (municipal 81.8%, regional 100%). About two-thirds (67.4%; 59.1% municipal, 76.2% regional) of the plans noted public health officials in the plan development. Most plans described the principles forming the foundation of their plan (83.7%), but few mentioned public health as part of the plan principles (22.7% municipal, 14.3% regional). Public health officials were involved in engaging the community (9.1% municipal, 33.3% regional) and providing data (22.7% municipal, 52.4% regional) for plan development, as documented in the plans. For proposed implementation, public health officials were identified as involved in: community engagement (31.8% municipal, 42.9% regional), sharing/analyzing data (40.9% municipal, 33.3% regional), and identifying/providing funding sources (13.6% municipal, 4.8% regional). The in-depth interviews provided further context and a more detailed understanding of public health involvement in VZ. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from the VZ plans and interviews provided examples of how public health officials engaged in the development and implementation of VZ initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Evenson
- Author Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health (Dr Evenson, Ms Kintigh, Mr Neuroth, Dr Naumann); Injury Prevention Research Center (Dr Naumann, Mr Neuroth); Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Mr LaJeunesse)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kahkoska AR, Smith C, Young LA, Hassmiller Lich K. Use of systems thinking and adapted group model building methods to understand patterns of technology use among older adults with type 1 diabetes: a preliminary process evaluation. BMC Med Res Methodol 2024; 24:126. [PMID: 38831294 PMCID: PMC11145864 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-024-02252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of older adults (ages 65+) live with Type 1 diabetes. Simultaneously, technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have become standard of care. There is thus a need to understand better the complex dynamics that promote use of CGM (and other care innovations) over time in this age group. Our aim was to adapt methods from systems thinking, specifically a participatory approach to system dynamics modeling called group model building (GMB), to model the complex experiences that may underlie different trajectories of CGM use among this population. Herein, we report on the feasibility, strengths, and limitations of this methodology. METHODS We conducted a series of GMB workshops and validation interviews to collect data in the form of questionnaires, diagrams, and recordings of group discussion. Data were integrated into a conceptual diagram of the "system" of factors associated with uptake and use of CGM over time. We evaluate the feasibility of each aspect of the study, including the teaching of systems thinking to older adult participants. We collected participant feedback on positive aspects of their experiences and areas for improvement. RESULTS We completed nine GMB workshops with older adults and their caregivers (N = 33). Each three-hour in-person workshop comprised: (1) questionnaires; (2) the GMB session, including both didactic components and structured activities; and (3) a brief focus group discussion. Within the GMB session, individual drawing activities proved to be the most challenging for participants, while group activities and discussion of relevant dynamics over time for illustrative (i.e., realistic but not real) patients yielded rich engagement and sufficient information for system diagramming. Study participants liked the opportunity to share experiences with peers, learning and enhancing their knowledge, peer support, age-specific discussions, the workshop pace and structure, and the systems thinking framework. Participants gave mixed feedback on the workshop duration. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates preliminary feasibility, acceptability, and the value of GMB for engaging older adults about key determinants of complex health behaviors over time. To our knowledge, few studies have extended participatory systems science methods to older adult stakeholders. Future studies may utilize this methodology to inform novel approaches for supporting health across the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Kahkoska
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2205A McGavran Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Center for Aging and Health, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Cambray Smith
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura A Young
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen Hassmiller Lich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Apostolopoulos Y, Sönmez S, Thiese MS, Olufemi M, Gallos LK. A blueprint for a new commercial driving epidemiology: An emerging paradigm grounded in integrative exposome and network epistemologies. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:515-531. [PMID: 38689533 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Excess health and safety risks of commercial drivers are largely determined by, embedded in, or operate as complex, dynamic, and randomly determined systems with interacting parts. Yet, prevailing epidemiology is entrenched in narrow, deterministic, and static exposure-response frameworks along with ensuing inadequate data and limiting methods, thereby perpetuating an incomplete understanding of commercial drivers' health and safety risks. This paper is grounded in our ongoing research that conceptualizes health and safety challenges of working people as multilayered "wholes" of interacting work and nonwork factors, exemplified by complex-systems epistemologies. Building upon and expanding these assumptions, herein we: (a) discuss how insights from integrative exposome and network-science-based frameworks can enhance our understanding of commercial drivers' chronic disease and injury burden; (b) introduce the "working life exposome of commercial driving" (WLE-CD)-an array of multifactorial and interdependent work and nonwork exposures and associated biological responses that concurrently or sequentially impact commercial drivers' health and safety during and beyond their work tenure; (c) conceptualize commercial drivers' health and safety risks as multilayered networks centered on the WLE-CD and network relational patterns and topological properties-that is, arrangement, connections, and relationships among network components-that largely govern risk dynamics; and (d) elucidate how integrative exposome and network-science-based innovations can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of commercial drivers' chronic disease and injury risk dynamics. Development, validation, and proliferation of this emerging discourse can move commercial driving epidemiology to the frontier of science with implications for policy, action, other working populations, and population health at large.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sevil Sönmez
- College of Business, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew S Thiese
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mubo Olufemi
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lazaros K Gallos
- DIMACS, Center for Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gitelman V, Kaplan S, Hakkert S. The causation-prevention chain in infrastructure safety measures: A consideration of four types of policy lock-ins. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 195:107399. [PMID: 38011823 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Safety policies typically follow Lasswell's linear decision cycle paradigm: diagnostics, prescription, application, monitoring, and appraisal. Contemporary policy research highlights the existence of complexities in policy-making, which trigger policy lock-ins. We consider four cases in which the complex nature of the causation-prevention discourse leads to decision-making lock-ins, which deter safety progress. The four cases are conflicting narratives, missing causation inferences, prevention and mobility mismatch, and a tension between policy transfer and existing policy environments. The cases are demonstrated on recent examples of infrastructure measures that were observed in Israeli practice, which are, respectively: adding a motorway illumination, setting bus priority routes, safety improvements of multi-lane urban roads, and establishing traffic calming areas. While the four case-studies are region-specific, the discussion is relevant to other road safety measures and countries with similar policy-making problems. The consideration highlights the importance of policy-making dynamics to increase the resilience of the Safe System approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gitelman
- Transportation Research Institute, Technion -Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Sigal Kaplan
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Shalom Hakkert
- Transportation Research Institute, Technion -Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Evenson KR, LaJeunesse S, Keefe E, Naumann RB. Mixed-methods approach to describing Vision Zero initiatives in United States' municipalities. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2023; 184:107012. [PMID: 36848752 PMCID: PMC10594405 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vision Zero (VZ) aims to reduce fatalities and serious injuries from road traffic crashes to zero through a Safe Systems approach. Little is known about the extent of uptake of VZ in the United States (US), or the attributes and functioning of the initiatives. Using a mixed-methods design, our objectives were to describe the status of VZ implementation and characteristics of those initiatives among US municipalities. Websites of all US municipalities with a population of at least 50,000 (n = 788) were searched to identify involvement in VZ. When initiatives were identified, we abstracted information from their website and other published documents, using a comprehensive framework of best practice VZ components. From the VZ initiatives identified, we interviewed representatives from 12 municipalities with diversity by region of the country, population size, and VZ implementation. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded for themes. Through systematic web-based searching, we identified 86 of 788 (10.9%) municipalities with a VZ initiative. Among 314 larger municipalities (population >=100,000), 68 (21.7%) were identified. Among 476 medium-size municipalities (population of 50,000-99,999), 18 (3.8%) were identified. VZ initiatives began as early as 2014, starting with larger municipalities, and followed in 2015 with medium-size municipalities. Among the VZ initiatives, 58 (67.4%) recorded a vision statement, with 51 (59.3%) setting a target year to reach zero deaths. Thirty-nine (45.3%) had published VZ plans, with another 22 (25.6%) working towards a plan. Twenty-five initiatives (29.1%) shared resources across stakeholder groups, such as funding or staff. Forty-six initiatives (53.5%) had an established coalition, and 18 (20.9%) proposed or were developing a coalition. Twenty-six initiatives (30.2%) provided regular updates or evaluation on progress towards performance metrics, but only 4 (4.7%) had implemented a performance management system to regularly track progress on VZ-related actions. The interviews provided further context and a more detailed understanding of results. Documenting the characteristics of VZ initiatives among US municipalities can contribute to an understanding of current practice, potential opportunities to support ongoing initiatives, and information to assist new initiatives. Ultimately, the impact of municipal-level VZ efforts should be evaluated with regards to traffic-related serious injuries and fatalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Seth LaJeunesse
- Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elyse Keefe
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rebecca B Naumann
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kahkoska AR, Smith C, Thambuluru S, Weinstein J, Batsis JA, Pratley R, Weinstock RS, Young LA, Hassmiller Lich K. "Nothing is linear": Characterizing the determinants and dynamics of CGM use in older adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 196:110204. [PMID: 36509180 PMCID: PMC9974816 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can reduce hypoglycemia in older adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed to characterize factors that influence effective use in this age group. METHODS Older adults with type T1D (age ≥ 65) and their caregivers participated in one of a series of parallel group model building workshops, a participatory approach to system dynamics involving drawing and scripted group activities. Data were synthesized in a qualitative model of the hypothesized system of factors producing distinct patterns of CGM use in older adults. The model was validated through virtual follow-up interviews. RESULTS Data were collected from 33 participants (four patient-caregiver dyads, mean age 73.8 ± 4.4 years [range 66-85 years]; 16 % non-CGM users, 79 % pump users). The system model delineates drivers of CGM uptake, drivers of ongoing CGM use, and feedback loops that either reinforce or counteract future CGM use. Participants emphasized the importance of different sets of feedback loops at different points in the duration of CGM use. CONCLUSIONS The holistic system model underscores that factors and feedback loops driving effective CGM use in older adults are both individualized and dynamic (e.g., changing over time), suggesting opportunities for staged and tailored age-specific education and support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Kahkoska
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Aging and Health, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Cambray Smith
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Sirisha Thambuluru
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Joshua Weinstein
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - John A Batsis
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Aging and Health, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Richard Pratley
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | | | - Laura A Young
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Kristen Hassmiller Lich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Naumann RB, Sabounchi NS, Kuhlberg J, Singichetti B, Marshall SW, Hassmiller Lich K. Simulating congestion pricing policy impacts on pedestrian safety using a system dynamics approach. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 171:106662. [PMID: 35413616 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research on congestion pricing policy (CPP) impacts has generally focused on the economic and congestion-related benefits of CPPs. Few studies have examined safety effects and the interrelated factors that produce safety outcomes for vulnerable road users. We built a novel system dynamics simulation model to explore the potential mechanisms producing pedestrian injuries over time and the impacts of a CPP (and related interventions) on this trend. We found that pedestrian injury trends varied based on important decisions related to how the CPP is designed, including investments in potential safety-related supports for pedestrians. Infrastructure improvements and speed management interventions could help cities achieve both congestion-relieving goals while also improving safety. Additionally, certain CPP configurations (e.g., additional charges on for-hire vehicles) could further reduce daily vehicle trips and congestion but might lead to unintended negative safety consequences of greater pedestrian injuries. This is the first model to provide a holistic and endogenous look at how interconnected processes affecting congestion and CPP impacts also affect vulnerable road user safety. The use of system dynamics models can facilitate a holistic inspection of potential intended and unintended effects across a range of outcomes, prior to policy implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Naumann
- Department of Epidemiology and Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Nasim S Sabounchi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Center for Systems and Community Design, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, USA
| | - Jill Kuhlberg
- System Stars, LLC and Formerly, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bhavna Singichetti
- Department of Epidemiology and Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Stephen W Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology and Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kristen Hassmiller Lich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McIlroy RC, Banks VA, Parnell KJ. 25 Years of road safety: The journey from thinking humans to systems-thinking. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 98:103592. [PMID: 34587545 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research into road safety has evolved from individual level component analysis to a much broader, systemic approach that acknowledges the fusion of 'socio' and 'technical' system elements. Over the past four decades, Professor Neville Stanton has contributed to over 179 journal articles, book chapters and conference papers in the field of road safety. The journey from 'thinking humans' to 'systems thinking' is demonstrated in this paper through the novel application of the Risk Management Framework (RMF) to the categorisation of research activities. A systematic review of Neville's contributions to the field of road safety demonstrates that over the years, his research activities have evolved from investigating single technological or human performance aspects in isolation (e.g., in-vehicle information design and workload) through to the holistic analysis of much broader systems (e.g., investigating road safety as a whole). Importantly, this evolution goes hand in hand with a change in the focus and emphasis of recommendations for improvements to safety. Going forward, Neville has helped pave the way for fundamental changes and improvements to be made to road safety systems around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rich C McIlroy
- Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, Boldrewood Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7QF, UK.
| | - Victoria A Banks
- Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, Boldrewood Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7QF, UK
| | - Katie J Parnell
- Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, Boldrewood Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7QF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morais LMDO, Kuhlberg J, Ballard E, Indvik K, Rocha SC, Sales DM, de Oliveira Cardoso L, Gouveia N, de Lima Friche AA, Caiaffa WT. Promoting knowledge to policy translation for urban health using community-based system dynamics in Brazil. Health Res Policy Syst 2021; 19:53. [PMID: 33794907 PMCID: PMC8015032 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-00663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effectively bridging the knowledge–policy gap to support the development of evidence-based policies that promote health and well-being remains a challenge for both the research and policy communities. Community-based system dynamics (CBSD) is a participatory modelling approach that aims to build stakeholders’ capacity to learn and address complex problems collaboratively. However, limited evidence is available about the contributions of CBSD to knowledge-generating and policy processes across sectors and policy spheres. In the context of a multi-country research project focused on creating an evidence base to inform urban health policies across Latin America, a series of CBSD workshops convened stakeholders from research, policy-making, and other backgrounds working in food and transportation systems. Diverse participants were selected aiming to incorporate multiple perspectives relevant to understanding complex urban systems linked to food and transportation. This study focuses on one of these workshops, whose avenue was São Paulo, Brazil, assembling country-based participants representing local, regional, national, and international institutions with multidisciplinary backgrounds linked to food and transportation systems. Objective The aim of this case study is to explore the perceived influence of one of these workshops on attendees’ understandings of food and transportation systems and their relationship to healthy urban environments, with attention to the role of the workshop in supporting knowledge to policy translation for urban health. Methods We conducted 18 semi-structured qualitative interviews with attendees one year after their participation in a CBSD workshop held in São Paulo, Brazil. A framework method approach was used to code participants’ responses and identify emerging themes. Results Participants reported that the workshop’s group model-building activities influenced their understanding of the knowledge–policy process as it relates to food and transport systems. Workshop contributed to participants’ (1) abilities to engage with multisectoral stakeholders, (2) construct a shared language and understanding of urban challenges, (3) improve understanding of the interconnectedness across food and transportation systems, (4) facilitate dialogue across sectors, and (5) apply a systems thinking approach within their sector and professional context. Participants continued to draw on the tools developed during the workshop, and to apply systems thinking to their research and policy-making activities. Conclusions CBSD may offer valuable opportunities to connect the research sector to the policy-making process. This possibility may contribute to knowledge to policy translation in the interconnection between the urban context, food and transportation systems, and health. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12961-020-00663-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Maria de Oliveira Morais
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Jill Kuhlberg
- System Stars, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Ellis Ballard
- System Stars, St. Louis, MO, United States of America.,Social System Design Lab, Brown School At Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States of America
| | - Katherine Indvik
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
| | - Solimar Carnavalli Rocha
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Denise Marques Sales
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Oliveira Cardoso
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - National School of Public Health, Rio de Janeiro, R Leopoldo Bulhoes, 1480, room 813, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Nelson Gouveia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São PauloCerqueira César, CEP 01246903, Brazil
| | - Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|