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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Shi F, Yang R, Yan J, Han T, Guan L. Reversal of T-cell exhaustion: Mechanisms and synergistic approaches. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112571. [PMID: 38941674 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
T cells suffer from long-term antigen stimulation and insufficient energy supply, leading to a decline in their effector functions, memory capabilities, and proliferative capacity, ultimately resulting in T cell exhaustion and an inability to perform normal immune functions in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, exploring how to restore these exhausted T cells to a state with effector functions is of great significance. Exhausted T cells exhibit a spectrum of molecular alterations, such as heightened expression of inhibitory receptors, shifts in transcription factor profiles, and modifications across epigenetic, metabolic, and transcriptional landscapes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various strategies to reverse T cell exhaustion, including immune checkpoint blockade, and explores the potential synergistic effects of combining multiple approaches to reverse T cell exhaustion. It offers new insights and methods for achieving more durable and effective reversal of T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Fenfen Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruihan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiayu Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tao Han
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Liping Guan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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2
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Wang Z, See XY, Chiang CH, Chang YC, Hsia YP, Chiang CH, Peng CM, Chiang CH. The relationship between statin administration timing and survival outcomes in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint blockade. J Chemother 2024; 36:435-440. [PMID: 38062978 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2290348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Statins have been demonstrated to improve outcomes in patients receiving immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). This study aimed to investigate whether the timing of statin administration influences the outcomes of patients receiving ICB. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing electronic health records from two tertiary referral centers in Taiwan. We compared the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients who received statins before and after ICB initiation. RESULTS We included 734 patients who received ICB. Among them, 606 were non-statin users, 76 started statins after ICB initiation, and 52 started statins before ICB initiation. Post-ICB statin users demonstrated significantly prolonged OS (median 37.6 versus 10.3 versus 11.3 months, p = 0.009) and PFS (median 10.5 versus 6.3 versus 5.6 months, p = 0.024) compared to pre-ICB statin and non-statin users. Statin use after ICB initiation had a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 0.65 [95% CI: 0.45-0.94], p = 0.022) and progressive disease (HR, 0.71 [95% CI: 0.53-0.95], p = 0.021) by approximately 30-35%, compared to non-statin users. However, statin use prior to ICB initiation did not affect the risk of all-cause mortality or progressive disease. Similar results were observed after controlling for potential cofounders such as age, sex, cancer stage, and cancer type. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that initiating statin therapy after the initiation of ICB, regardless of indication, is associated with improved patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- Department of Human Development and Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xin Ya See
- Department of Medicine, Unity Hospital, Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Cho-Hung Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chang
- Department of Medicine, Danbury Hospital, Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Yuan Ping Hsia
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Cheng-Ming Peng
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Da Vinci Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Han Chiang
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Principe DR, Pasquinelli MM, Nguyen RH, Munshi HG, Hulbert A, Aissa AF, Weinberg F. Loss of STK11 Suppresses Lipid Metabolism and Attenuates KRAS-Induced Immunogenicity in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:2282-2294. [PMID: 39113608 PMCID: PMC11362717 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
As many as 30% of the patients with non-small cell lung cancer harbor oncogenic KRAS mutations, which leads to extensive remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment. Although co-mutations in several genes have prognostic relevance in KRAS-mutated patients, their effect on tumor immunogenicity are poorly understood. In the present study, a total of 189 patients with non-small cell lung cancer underwent a standardized analysis including IHC, whole-exome DNA sequencing, and whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing. Patients with activating KRAS mutations demonstrated a significant increase in PDL1 expression and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Both were increased in the presence of a co-occurring TP53 mutation and lost with STK11 co-mutation. Subsequent genomic analysis demonstrated that KRAS/TP53 co-mutated tumors had a significant decrease in the expression of glycolysis-associated genes and an increase in several genes involved in lipid metabolism, notably lipoprotein lipase, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and LDLRAD4. Conversely, in the immune-excluded KRAS/STK11 co-mutated group, we observed diminished lipid metabolism and no change in anaerobic glycolysis. Interestingly, in patients with low expression of lipoprotein lipase, low-density lipoprotein receptor, or LDLRAD4, KRAS mutations had no effect on tumor immunogenicity. However, in patients with robust expression of these genes, KRAS mutations were associated with increased immunogenicity and associated with improved overall survival. Our data further suggest that the loss of STK11 may function as a metabolic switch, suppressing lipid metabolism in favor of glycolysis, thereby negating KRAS-induced immunogenicity. Hence, this concept warrants continued exploration, both as a predictive biomarker and potential target for therapy in patients receiving ICI-based immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE In patients with lung cancer, we demonstrate that KRAS mutations increase tumor immunogenicity; however, KRAS/STK11 co-mutated patients display an immune-excluded phenotype. KRAS/STK11 co-mutated patients also demonstrated significant downregulation of several key lipid metabolism genes, many of which were associated with increased immunogenicity and improved overall survival in KRAS-mutated patients. Hence, alteration to lipid metabolism warrants further study as a potential biomarker and target for therapy in patients with KRAS-mutated lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary M. Pasquinelli
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Ryan H. Nguyen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois Chicago and Translational Oncology Program, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Hidayatullah G. Munshi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois Chicago and Translational Oncology Program, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois.
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Alicia Hulbert
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Alexandre F. Aissa
- Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Frank Weinberg
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Tripathi S, Gupta E, Galande S. Statins as anti-tumor agents: A paradigm for repurposed drugs. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2078. [PMID: 38711272 PMCID: PMC11074523 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins, frequently prescribed medications, work by inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) in the mevalonate pathway to reduce cholesterol levels. Due to their multifaceted benefits, statins are being adapted for use as cost-efficient, safe and effective anti-cancer treatments. Several studies have shown that specific types of cancer are responsive to statin medications since they rely on the mevalonate pathway for their growth and survival. RECENT FINDINGS Statin are a class of drugs known for their potent inhibition of cholesterol production and are typically prescribed to treat high cholesterol levels. Nevertheless, there is growing interest in repurposing statins for the treatment of malignant neoplastic diseases, often in conjunction with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The mechanism behind statin treatment includes targeting apoptosis through the BCL2 signaling pathway, regulating the cell cycle via the p53-YAP axis, and imparting epigenetic modulations by altering methylation patterns on CpG islands and histone acetylation by downregulating DNMTs and HDACs respectively. Notably, some studies have suggested a potential chemo-preventive effect, as decreased occurrence of tumor relapse and enhanced survival rate were reported in patients undergoing long-term statin therapy. However, the definitive endorsement of statin usage in cancer therapy hinges on population based clinical studies with larger patient cohorts and extended follow-up periods. CONCLUSIONS The potential of anti-cancer properties of statins seems to reach beyond their influence on cholesterol production. Further investigations are necessary to uncover their effects on cancer promoting signaling pathways. Given their distinct attributes, statins might emerge as promising contenders in the fight against tumorigenesis, as they appear to enhance the efficacy and address the limitations of conventional cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Tripathi
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & EpigeneticsIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPuneIndia
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & EpigeneticsIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPuneIndia
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & EpigeneticsIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPuneIndia
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Life SciencesShiv Nadar Institution of EminenceGautam Buddha NagarIndia
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Kono M, Saito S, Rokugo M, Egloff AM, Uppaluri R. Enhanced oral versus flank lymph node T cell response parallels anti-PD1 efficacy in head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2024; 152:106795. [PMID: 38599127 PMCID: PMC11065458 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding head and neck tissue specific immune responses is important for elucidating immunotherapy resistance mechanisms to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, we aimed to investigate HNSCC-specific immune response differences between oral and subcutaneous flank tumor transplantation in preclinical models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MOC1 syngeneic mouse oral carcinoma cell line or versions expressing either the H2Kb-restricted SIINFEKL peptide from ovalbumin (MOC1OVA) or ZsGreen (MOC1ZsGreen) were inoculated into mouse oral mucosa (buccal space) or subcutaneous flank and compared for immune cell kinetics in tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and for anti-PD1 response. RESULTS Compared to subcutaneous flank tumors, orthotopic oral MOC1OVA induced a higher number of OVA-specific T cells, PD1 + or CD69 + activated OVA-specific T cells in both primary tumors and TDLNs. Tumors were also larger in the flank site and CD8 depletion eliminated the difference in tumor weight between the two sites. Oral versus flank SIINFEKL peptide vaccination showed enhanced TDLN lymphocyte response in the former site. Notably, cDC1 from oral TDLN showed enhanced antigen uptake and co-stimulatory marker expression, resulting in elicitation of an increased antigen specific T cell response and increased activated T cells. Parental MOC1 in the oral site showed increased endogenous antigen-reactive T cells in TDLNs and anti-PD1 blockade rejected oral MOC1 tumors but not subcutaneous flank MOC1. CONCLUSION Collectively, we find distinct immune responses between orthotopic oral and heterotopic subcutaneous models, including priming by cDC1 in TDLN, revealing important implications for head and neck cancer preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihisa Kono
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
| | - Shin Saito
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Masahiro Rokugo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Ann Marie Egloff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States.
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States.
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Zhao L, Guo J, Xu S, Duan M, Liu B, Zhao H, Wang Y, Liu H, Yang Z, Yuan H, Jiang X, Jiang X. Abnormal changes in metabolites caused by m 6A methylation modification: The leading factors that induce the formation of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and their promising potential for clinical application. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00159-0. [PMID: 38677545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation modifications have been widely implicated in the metabolic reprogramming of various cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are essential for meeting the demands of cellular growth and maintaining tissue homeostasis, enabling cells to adapt to the specific conditions of the TME. An increasing number of research studies have focused on the role of m6A modifications in glucose, amino acid and lipid metabolism, revealing their capacity to induce aberrant changes in metabolite levels. These changes may in turn trigger oncogenic signaling pathways, leading to substantial alterations within the TME. Notably, certain metabolites, including lactate, succinate, fumarate, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), glutamate, glutamine, methionine, S-adenosylmethionine, fatty acids and cholesterol, exhibit pronounced deviations from normal levels. These deviations not only foster tumorigenesis, proliferation and angiogenesis but also give rise to an immunosuppressive TME, thereby facilitating immune evasion by the tumor. AIM OF REVIEW The primary objective of this review is to comprehensively discuss the regulatory role of m6A modifications in the aforementioned metabolites and their potential impact on the development of an immunosuppressive TME through metabolic alterations. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review aims to elaborate on the intricate networks governed by the m6A-metabolite-TME axis and underscores its pivotal role in tumor progression. Furthermore, we delve into the potential implications of the m6A-metabolite-TME axis for the development of novel and targeted therapeutic strategies in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China; Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, Shenyang Coloproctology Hospital, Shenyang 110002, China.
| | - Junchen Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - Shasha Xu
- Department of Gastroendoscopy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - Meiqi Duan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - Baiming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - He Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - Hexue Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Anal Surgery, Shenyang Coloproctology Hospital, Shenyang 110002, China.
| | - Xiaodi Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110020, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
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Lin C, Chu Y, Zheng Y, Gu S, Hu Y, He J, Shen Z. Macrophages: plastic participants in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1337129. [PMID: 38650924 PMCID: PMC11033442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1337129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) rank among the most prevalent types of head and neck cancer globally. Unfortunately, a significant number of patients receive their diagnoses at advanced stages, limiting the effectiveness of available treatments. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a pivotal player in HNSCC development, with macrophages holding a central role. Macrophages demonstrate diverse functions within the TME, both inhibiting and facilitating cancer progression. M1 macrophages are characterized by their phagocytic and immune activities, while M2 macrophages tend to promote inflammation and immunosuppression. Striking a balance between these different polarization states is essential for maintaining overall health, yet in the context of tumors, M2 macrophages typically prevail. Recent efforts have been directed at controlling the polarization states of macrophages, paving the way for novel approaches to cancer treatment. Various drugs and immunotherapies, including innovative treatments based on macrophages like engineering macrophages and CAR-M cell therapy, have been developed. This article provides an overview of the roles played by macrophages in HNSCC, explores potential therapeutic targets and strategies, and presents fresh perspectives on the future of HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yidian Chu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye Zheng
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanshan Gu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanghao Hu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiali He
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhisen Shen
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Wei K, Zhu W, Kou Y, Zheng X, Zheng Y. Advances in Small Molecular Agents against Oral Cancer. Molecules 2024; 29:1594. [PMID: 38611874 PMCID: PMC11013889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a common malignancy with a high mortality rate. Although surgery is the best treatment option for patients with cancer, this approach is ineffective for advanced metastases. Molecular agents are irreplaceable in preventing and treating distant metastases. This review aims to summarise the molecular agents used for the treatment of oral cancer in the last decade and describe their sources and curative effects. These agents are classified into phenols, isothiocyanates, anthraquinones, statins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. The mechanisms of action of these agents include regulating the expression of cell signalling pathways and related proteases to affect the proliferation, autophagy, migration, apoptosis, and other biological aspects of oral cancer cells. This paper may serve as a reference for subsequent studies on the treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei
- Medical School, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China; (K.W.); (W.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Weiru Zhu
- Medical School, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China; (K.W.); (W.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yanan Kou
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- Medical School, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China; (K.W.); (W.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yunyun Zheng
- Medical School, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China; (K.W.); (W.Z.); (X.Z.)
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Lv Q, Zhang Y, Gao W, Wang J, Hu Y, Yang H, Xie Y, Lv Y, Zhang H, Wu D, Hu L, Wang J. CSF1R inhibition reprograms tumor-associated macrophages to potentiate anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy against colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107126. [PMID: 38432446 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PD-1 blockade therapy has made great breakthroughs in treatment of multiple solid tumors. However, patients with microsatellite-stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) respond poorly to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Although CRC patients with microstatellite instability (MSI) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) can benefit from PD-1 blockade therapy, there are still some problems such as tumor recurrence. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), most abundant immune components in tumor microenvironment (TME), largely limit the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 against CRC. The CSF1/CSF1R pathway plays a key role in regulating macrophage polarization, and blocking CSF1R signaling transduction may be a potential strategy to effectively reprogram macrophages and remodel TME. Here, we found that increasing expression of CSF1R in macrophages predicted poor prognosis in CRC cohort. Furthermore, we discovered a novel potent CSF1R inhibitor, PXB17, which significantly reprogramed M2 macrophages to M1 phenotype. Mechanically, PXB17 significantly blocked activation of PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling, resulting in inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis. Results from 3D co-culture system suggested that PXB17-repolarized macrophages could induce infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes in tumors and improve the immunosuppressive microenvironment. In vivo, PXB17 significantly halted CRC growth, with a stronger effect than PLX3397. In particular, PXB17 potently enhanced therapeutic activity of PD-1 mAb in CT-26 (MSS) model and prevented tumor recurrence in MC-38 (MSI-H) model by promoting formation of long-term memory immunity. Our study opens a new avenue for CSF1R in tumor innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunomodulatory activity and suggests that PXB17 is a promising immunotherapy molecule for enhancing the efficacy of PD-1 mAb or reducing tumor recurrence of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yishu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Wen Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yaowen Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hongqiong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yingshan Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Heyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
| | - Lihong Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Junwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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10
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Torke S, Walther W, Stein U. Immune Response and Metastasis-Links between the Metastasis Driver MACC1 and Cancer Immune Escape Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1330. [PMID: 38611008 PMCID: PMC11010928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains the most critical factor limiting patient survival and the most challenging part of cancer-targeted therapy. Identifying the causal drivers of metastasis and characterizing their properties in various key aspects of cancer biology is essential for the development of novel metastasis-targeting approaches. Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) is a prognostic and predictive biomarker that is now recognized in more than 20 cancer entities. Although MACC1 can already be linked with many hallmarks of cancer, one key process-the facilitation of immune evasion-remains poorly understood. In this review, we explore the direct and indirect links between MACC1 and the mechanisms of immune escape. Therein, we highlight the signaling pathways and secreted factors influenced by MACC1 as well as their effects on the infiltration and anti-tumor function of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Torke
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité, Medical Centre Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (W.W.); (U.S.)
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Patel JS, Woo Y, Draper A, Jansen CS, Carlisle JW, Innominato PF, Lévi FA, Dhabaan L, Master VA, Bilen MA, Khan MK, Lowe MC, Kissick H, Buchwald ZS, Qian DC. Impact of immunotherapy time-of-day infusion on survival and immunologic correlates in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter cohort analysis. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008011. [PMID: 38531662 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that earlier time-of-day infusion of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients with metastatic melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. These data are in line with growing preclinical evidence that the adaptive immune response may be more effectively stimulated earlier in the day. We sought to determine the impact of time-of-day ICI infusions on outcomes among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). METHODS The treatment records of all patients with stage IV RCC who began ICI therapy within a multicenter academic hospital system between 2015 and 2020 were reviewed. The associations between the proportion of ICI infusions administered prior to noon (denoting morning infusions) and PFS and OS were evaluated using univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS In this study, 201 patients with mRCC (28% women) received ICIs and were followed over a median of 18 months (IQR 5-30). The median age at the time of ICI initiation was 63 years (IQR 56-70). 101 patients (50%) received ≥20% of their ICI infusions prior to noon (Group A) and 100 patients (50%) received <20% of infusions prior to noon (Group B). Across the two comparison groups, initial ICI agents consisted of nivolumab (58%), nivolumab plus ipilimumab (34%), and pembrolizumab (8%). On univariate analysis, patients in Group A had longer PFS and OS compared with those in Group B (PFS HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.94, Punivar=0.020; OS HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.95, Punivar=0.033). These significant findings persisted following multivariable adjustment for age, sex, performance status, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium risk score, pretreatment lactate dehydrogenase, histology, and presence of bone, brain, and liver metastases (PFS HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.98, Pmultivar=0.040; OS HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.98, Pmultivar=0.043). CONCLUSIONS Patients with mRCC may benefit from earlier time-of-day receipt of ICIs. Our findings are consistent with established mechanisms of chrono-immunology, as well as with preceding analogous studies in melanoma and lung cancer. Additional prospective randomized trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy S Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yena Woo
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amber Draper
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Jennifer W Carlisle
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pasquale F Innominato
- Cancer Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Francis A Lévi
- Cancer Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Viraj A Master
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mehmet A Bilen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mohammad K Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael C Lowe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Haydn Kissick
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zachary S Buchwald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David C Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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12
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Jing Z, Yuan W, Wang J, Ni R, Qin Y, Mao Z, Wei F, Song C, Zheng Y, Cai H, Liu Z. Simvastatin/hydrogel-loaded 3D-printed titanium alloy scaffolds suppress osteosarcoma via TF/NOX2-associated ferroptosis while repairing bone defects. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:223-241. [PMID: 38045570 PMCID: PMC10689208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative anatomical reconstruction and prevention of local recurrence after tumor resection are two vital clinical challenges in osteosarcoma treatment. A three-dimensional (3D)-printed porous Ti6Al4V scaffold (3DTi) is an ideal material for reconstructing critical bone defects with numerous advantages over traditional implants, including a lower elasticity modulus, stronger bone-implant interlock, and larger drug-loading space. Simvastatin is a multitarget drug with anti-tumor and osteogenic potential; however, its efficiency is unsatisfactory when delivered systematically. Here, simvastatin was loaded into a 3DTi using a thermosensitive poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-PLGA hydrogel as a carrier to exert anti-osteosarcoma and osteogenic effects. Newly constructed simvastatin/hydrogel-loaded 3DTi (Sim-3DTi) was comprehensively appraised, and its newfound anti-osteosarcoma mechanism was explained. Specifically, in a bone defect model of rabbit condyles, Sim-3DTi exhibited enhanced osteogenesis, bone in-growth, and osseointegration compared with 3DTi alone, with greater bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression. In our nude mice model, simvastatin loading reduced tumor volume by 59%-77 % without organic damage, implying good anti-osteosarcoma activity and biosafety. Furthermore, Sim-3DTi induced ferroptosis by upregulating transferrin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 levels in osteosarcoma both in vivo and in vitro. Sim-3DTi is a promising osteogenic bone substitute for osteosarcoma-related bone defects, with a ferroptosis-mediated anti-osteosarcoma effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqiong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiedong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhua Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhinan Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
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13
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Khatiwada N, Hong Z. Potential Benefits and Risks Associated with the Use of Statins. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:214. [PMID: 38399268 PMCID: PMC10892755 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, are the primary treatment choice for cardiovascular diseases, which stand as the leading global cause of mortality. Statins also offer various pleiotropic effects, including improved endothelial function, anti-inflammatory properties, reduced oxidative stress, anti-thrombotic effects, and the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. However, the usage of statins can be accompanied by a range of adverse effects, such as the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, muscular symptoms, liver toxicity, kidney diseases, cataracts, hemorrhagic strokes, and psychiatric complications. These issues are referred to as statin-associated symptoms (SAS) and are relatively infrequent in clinical trials, making it challenging to attribute them to statin use definitively. Therefore, these symptoms can lead to significant problems, necessitating dose adjustments or discontinuation of statin therapy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanism of action, potential advantages, and associated risks of statin utilization in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
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14
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Wang J, Liu C, Hu R, Wu L, Li C. Statin therapy: a potential adjuvant to immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1324140. [PMID: 38362156 PMCID: PMC10867224 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1324140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and accounts for more than 90% of primary liver cancer. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related therapies combined with angiogenesis inhibition has revolutionized the treatment of HCC in late-stage and unresectable HCC, as ICIs alone were disappointing in treating HCC. In addition to the altered immune microenvironment, abnormal lipid metabolism in the liver has been extensively characterized in various types of HCC. Stains are known for their cholesterol-lowering properties and their long history of treating hypercholesterolemia and reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Apart from ICI and other conventional therapies, statins are frequently used by advanced HCC patients with dyslipidemia, which is often marked by the abnormal accumulation of cholesterol and fatty acids in the liver. Supported by a body of preclinical and clinical studies, statins may unexpectedly enhance the efficacy of ICI therapy in HCC patients through the regulation of inflammatory responses and the immune microenvironment. This review discusses the abnormal changes in lipid metabolism in HCC, summarizes the clinical evidence and benefits of stain use in HCC, and prospects the possible mechanistic actions of statins in transforming the immune microenvironment in HCC when combined with immunotherapies. Consequently, the use of statin therapy may emerge as a novel and valuable adjuvant for immunotherapies in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ronghua Hu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Licheng Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuanzhou Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Kinney BLC, Gunti S, Kansal V, Parrish CJ, Saba NF, Teng Y, Henry MK, Su FY, Kwong GA, Schmitt NC. Rescue of NLRC5 expression restores antigen processing machinery in head and neck cancer cells lacking functional STAT1 and p53. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:10. [PMID: 38231444 PMCID: PMC10794329 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The antigen processing machinery (APM) components needed for a tumor cell to present an antigen to a T cell are expressed at low levels in solid tumors, constituting an important mechanism of immune escape. More than most other solid tumors, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells tend to have low APM expression, rendering them insensitive to immune checkpoint blockade and most other forms of immunotherapy. In HNSCC, this APM deficiency is largely driven by high levels of EGFR and SHP2, leading to low expression and activation of STAT1; however, recent studies suggest that p53, which is often mutated in HNSCCs, may also play a role. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the extent to which STAT1 and p53 individually regulate APM component expression in HNSCC cells. We found that in cells lacking functional p53, APM expression could still be induced by interferon-gamma or DNA-damaging chemotherapy (cisplatin) as long as STAT1 expression remained intact; when both transcription factors were knocked down, APM component expression was abolished. When we bypassed these deficient pathways by rescuing the expression of NLRC5, APM expression was also restored. These results suggest that dual loss of functional STAT1 and p53 may render HNSCC cells incapable of processing and presenting antigens, but rescue of downstream NLRC5 expression may be an attractive strategy for restoring sensitivity to T cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan L C Kinney
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Program, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree Street NE, 11Th Floor Otolaryngology, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sreenivasulu Gunti
- National Institute of Deafness and Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vikash Kansal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Program, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree Street NE, 11Th Floor Otolaryngology, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Nabil F Saba
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Fang-Yi Su
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gabriel A Kwong
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole C Schmitt
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Program, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree Street NE, 11Th Floor Otolaryngology, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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16
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Zhai Y, Du Y, Li G, Yu M, Hu H, Pan C, Wang D, Shi Z, Yan X, Li X, Jiang T, Zhang W. Trogocytosis of CAR molecule regulates CAR-T cell dysfunction and tumor antigen escape. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:457. [PMID: 38143263 PMCID: PMC10749292 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated clinical response in treating both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Although instances of rapid tumor remissions have been observed in animal models and clinical trials, tumor relapses occur with multiple therapeutic resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, while the mechanisms underlying the long-term therapeutic resistance are well-known, short-term adaptation remains less understood. However, more views shed light on short-term adaptation and hold that it provides an opportunity window for long-term resistance. In this study, we explore a previously unreported mechanism in which tumor cells employ trogocytosis to acquire CAR molecules from CAR-T cells, a reversal of previously documented processes. This mechanism results in the depletion of CAR molecules and subsequent CAR-T cell dysfunction, also leading to short-term antigen loss and antigen masking. Such type of intercellular communication is independent of CAR downstream signaling, CAR-T cell condition, target antigen, and tumor cell type. However, it is mainly dependent on antigen density and CAR sensitivity, and is associated with tumor cell cholesterol metabolism. Partial mitigation of this trogocytosis-induced CAR molecule transfer can be achieved by adaptively administering CAR-T cells with antigen density-individualized CAR sensitivities. Together, our study reveals a dynamic process of CAR molecule transfer and refining the framework of clinical CAR-T therapy for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhai
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yicong Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guanzhang Li
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mingchen Yu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Changqing Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhongfang Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China.
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China.
- Research Unit of Accurate Diagnosis, Treatment, and Translational Medicine of Brain Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China.
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China.
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA), Beijing, PR China.
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17
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Jin HR, Wang J, Wang ZJ, Xi MJ, Xia BH, Deng K, Yang JL. Lipid metabolic reprogramming in tumor microenvironment: from mechanisms to therapeutics. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:103. [PMID: 37700339 PMCID: PMC10498649 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolic reprogramming is an emerging hallmark of cancer. In order to sustain uncontrolled proliferation and survive in unfavorable environments that lack oxygen and nutrients, tumor cells undergo metabolic transformations to exploit various ways of acquiring lipid and increasing lipid oxidation. In addition, stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment also undergo lipid metabolic reprogramming, which further affects tumor functional phenotypes and immune responses. Given that lipid metabolism plays a critical role in supporting cancer progression and remodeling the tumor microenvironment, targeting the lipid metabolism pathway could provide a novel approach to cancer treatment. This review seeks to: (1) clarify the overall landscape and mechanisms of lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer, (2) summarize the lipid metabolic landscapes within stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and clarify their roles in tumor progression, and (3) summarize potential therapeutic targets for lipid metabolism, and highlight the potential for combining such approaches with other anti-tumor therapies to provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Jia Xi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bi-Han Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jin-Lin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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18
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Ricco N, Kron SJ. Statins in Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3948. [PMID: 37568764 PMCID: PMC10417177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins, a class of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors best known for their cholesterol-reducing and cardiovascular protective activity, have also demonstrated promise in cancer prevention and treatment. This review focuses on their potential applications in head and neck cancer (HNC), a common malignancy for which established treatment often fails despite incurring debilitating adverse effects. Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that statins may enhance HNC sensitivity to radiation and other conventional therapies while protecting normal tissue, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined, likely involving both cholesterol-dependent and -independent effects on diverse cancer-related pathways. This review brings together recent discoveries concerning the anticancer activity of statins relevant to HNC, highlighting their anti-inflammatory activity and impacts on DNA-damage response. We also explore molecular targets and mechanisms and discuss the potential to integrate statins into conventional HNC treatment regimens to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ricco
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Stephen J. Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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19
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Wang R, Liu Z, Fan Z, Zhan H. Lipid metabolism reprogramming of CD8 + T cell and therapeutic implications in cancer. Cancer Lett 2023:216267. [PMID: 37315709 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Effector, memory and exhaustion are three phenotypes of CD8+ T cell. In tumor microenvironment (TME), metabolism dysfunction of the three should take the blame for immune escape. Against background of CD8+ T cell in normal development, multiple determinants in TME, including nutrition competition, PD-1 signals and other cancer- CD8+ T cell interaction, cause metabolism reprograming, including failure in energy metabolism and other abnormal lipid metabolism. Further, incompatibility of different CD8+ T cell metabolism pattern results in unresponsiveness of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Therefore, combination of ICB and drugs aiming at abnormal lipid metabolism provides promising direction to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxian Wang
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhenya Liu
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiyao Fan
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hanxiang Zhan
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.
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20
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Spoerl S, Gerken M, Fischer R, Spoerl S, Kirschneck C, Wolf S, Taxis J, Ludwig N, Biermann N, Reichert TE, Spanier G. Statin Use Ameliorates Survival in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Data from a Population-Based Cohort Study Applying Propensity Score Matching. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020369. [PMID: 36830906 PMCID: PMC9952960 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-cancer properties of statins have attracted much attention recently, but little is known about the prognostic role of statins in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In a retrospective approach, we analyzed a population-based cohort of 602 OSCC patients with primary curative tumor resection to negative margins and concomitant neck dissection between 2005-2017. Long-term medication with statins was correlated with overall survival (OAS) as well as recurrence-free survival (RFS) using uni- and multivariable Cox regression. Additionally, propensity score matching was applied to adjust for confounders. Statin use was present in 96 patients (15.9%) at a median age of 65.7 years. Statin treatment correlated with ameliorated survival in multivariable Cox regression in the complete cohort (OAS: HR 0.664; 95% CI 0.467-0.945, p = 0.023; RFS: HR 0.662; 95% CI 0.476-0.920, p = 0.014) as well as matched-pair cohort of OSCC patients (OAS: HR 0.691; 95% CI 0.479-0.997, p = 0.048; RFS: HR 0.694; 95% CI 0.493-0.976, p = 0.036) when compared to patients not taking statins at time of diagnosis. These findings were even more pronounced by sub-group analysis in the matched-pair cohort (age < 70 years). These data indicate that statin use might ameliorate the oncological outcome in primarily resected OSCC patients, but prospective clinical trials are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Spoerl
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gerken
- Tumor Center, Institute for Quality Management and Health Services Research, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - René Fischer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Spoerl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Wolf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, St. Elisabeth Hospital Straubing, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Juergen Taxis
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nils Ludwig
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Biermann
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten E. Reichert
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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