1
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Anitei M, Bruno F, Valkova C, Dau T, Cirri E, Mestres I, Calegari F, Kaether C. IER3IP1-mutations cause microcephaly by selective inhibition of ER-Golgi transport. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:334. [PMID: 39115595 PMCID: PMC11335259 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the IER3IP1 (Immediate Early Response-3 Interacting Protein 1) gene can give rise to MEDS1 (Microcephaly with Simplified Gyral Pattern, Epilepsy, and Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Syndrome-1), a severe condition leading to early childhood mortality. The small endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane protein IER3IP1 plays a non-essential role in ER-Golgi transport. Here, we employed secretome and cell-surface proteomics to demonstrate that the absence of IER3IP1 results in the mistrafficking of proteins crucial for neuronal development and survival, including FGFR3, UNC5B and SEMA4D. This phenomenon correlates with the distension of ER membranes and increased lysosomal activity. Notably, the trafficking of cargo receptor ERGIC53 and KDEL-receptor 2 are compromised, with the latter leading to the anomalous secretion of ER-localized chaperones. Our investigation extended to in-utero knock-down of Ier3ip1 in mouse embryo brains, revealing a morphological phenotype in newborn neurons. In summary, our findings provide insights into how the loss or mutation of a 10 kDa small ER-membrane protein can cause a fatal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Anitei
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Beutenbergstr 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Francesca Bruno
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Beutenbergstr 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christina Valkova
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Beutenbergstr 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Therese Dau
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Beutenbergstr 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Emilio Cirri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Beutenbergstr 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Iván Mestres
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, TU-Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Federico Calegari
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Beutenbergstr 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaether
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Beutenbergstr 11, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, TU-Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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2
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Shang B, Yang R, Lian K, Dong L, Liu H, Wang T, Yang G, Xi K, Xu X, Cheng Y. Family-based genetic analysis in schizophrenia by whole-exome sequence to identify rare pathogenic variants. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024; 195:e32968. [PMID: 38293813 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Although several studies have been conducted to identify the causative loci and genes, few of these loci or genes can be repeated due to the high phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of disease, and their mechanisms are not fully understood. There may be some "missing heritability" that has not yet been found. In order to investigate the deleterious heritable mutations, whole-exome sequencing (WES) in pedigrees with SCZ was used in the current work. Two unrelated pedigrees with SCZ were recruited to perform WES. Genetic analysis was next performed to find potential variants in accordance with the prioritized strategy. Followed by genetic analysis to detect candidate variants according to the prioritized strategy. Next, a series of algorithms was used to predict the pathogenicity of variants. Sanger sequencing was finally conducted to verify the co-segregation. Recessive mutations in six genes (TFEB, SNAI2, TFAP2B, PRKDC, ST18 in Pedigree 1 and PKHD1L1 in Pedigree 2) that co-segregated with SCZ in two families were discovered through genetic analysis by WES. Sanger sequencing verified that all of the mutations in the affected siblings were homozygous. These results corroborated the hypothesis that SCZ exhibits strong heterogeneity and complex inheritance patterns. The newly discovered homozygous variations deepen our understanding of the mutation spectrum and offer more proof for the involvement of TFEB, SNAI2, TFAP2B, PRKDC, ST18, and PKHD1L1 in the development of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binli Shang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Runxu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan medical Centre for Mental Health, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Lian
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | | | | | | | - Kang Xi
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan medical Centre for Mental Health, Kunming, China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan medical Centre for Mental Health, Kunming, China
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3
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Zhou C, Wei X, Xiao Y, Liu S, Wang J. Novel compound heterozygous variants in lectin mannose-binding 2-like gene identified in a Chinese autosomal recessive mental retardation-52 (MRT52) patient with phenotype expansion. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2107-2109. [PMID: 37667433 PMCID: PMC10476734 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shanling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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4
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Abstract
Folding of proteins is essential so that they can exert their functions. For proteins that transit the secretory pathway, folding occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and various chaperone systems assist in acquiring their correct folding/subunit formation. N-glycosylation is one of the most conserved posttranslational modification for proteins, and in eukaryotes it occurs in the ER. Consequently, eukaryotic cells have developed various systems that utilize N-glycans to dictate and assist protein folding, or if they consistently fail to fold properly, to destroy proteins for quality control and the maintenance of homeostasis of proteins in the ER.
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5
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Yarwood R, Hellicar J, Woodman PG, Lowe M. Membrane trafficking in health and disease. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/4/dmm043448. [PMID: 32433026 PMCID: PMC7197876 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking pathways are essential for the viability and growth of cells, and play a major role in the interaction of cells with their environment. In this At a Glance article and accompanying poster, we outline the major cellular trafficking pathways and discuss how defects in the function of the molecular machinery that mediates this transport lead to various diseases in humans. We also briefly discuss possible therapeutic approaches that may be used in the future treatment of trafficking-based disorders. Summary: This At a Glance article and poster summarise the major intracellular membrane trafficking pathways and associated molecular machineries, and describe how defects in these give rise to disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Yarwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - John Hellicar
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Philip G Woodman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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6
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Sriretnakumar V, Zai CC, Wasim S, Barsanti-Innes B, Kennedy JL, So J. Copy number variant syndromes are frequent in schizophrenia: Progressing towards a CNV-schizophrenia model. Schizophr Res 2019; 209:171-178. [PMID: 31080157 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The genetic underpinnings of schizophrenia (SCZ) remain unclear. SCZ genetic studies thus far have only identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms with small effect sizes and a handful of copy number variants (CNVs). This study investigates the prevalence of well-characterized CNV syndromes and candidate CNVs within a cohort of 348 SCZ patients, and explores correlations to their phenotypic findings. There was an enrichment of syndromic CNVs in the cohort, as well as brain-related and immune pathway genes within the detected CNVs. SCZ patients with brain-related CNVs had increased CNV burden, neurodevelopmental features, and types of hallucinations. Based on these results, we propose a CNV-SCZ model wherein specific phenotypic profiles should be prioritized for CNV screening within the SCZ patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venuja Sriretnakumar
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 250 College Street, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 250 College Street, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Syed Wasim
- The Fred A. Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine, University Health Network & Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Toronto M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Brianna Barsanti-Innes
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 250 College Street, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 250 College Street, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Joyce So
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 250 College Street, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada; The Fred A. Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine, University Health Network & Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Toronto M5T 3L9, Canada.
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7
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Alkhater RA, Wang P, Ruggieri A, Israelian L, Walker S, Scherer SW, Smith ML, Minassian BA. Dominant LMAN2L mutation causes intellectual disability with remitting epilepsy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:807-811. [PMID: 31020005 PMCID: PMC6469342 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mis‐secreted glycoproteins (LGI1, reelin) are emerging causes of epilepsy. LMAN2L belongs to a glycoprotein secretion chaperone family. One recessive LMAN2L missense mutation predicted to impair the chaperone's interaction with glycoproteins was reported in a family with intellectual disability (ID) and remitting epilepsy. We describe four members of a family with autosomal dominant inheritance of a similar phenotype. We show that they segregate a NM_001142292.1:c.1073delT mutation that eliminates LMAN2L's endoplasmic reticulum retention signal and mislocalizes the protein from that compartment to the plasma membrane. LMAN2L mislocalization, like impaired glycoprotein interaction, disturbs brain development, including generation of developmentally restricted epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem A Alkhater
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada.,Johns' Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Peixiang Wang
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Alessandra Ruggieri
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
| | - Lori Israelian
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Susan Walker
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mary Lou Smith
- Department of Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga Ontario Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health Program The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto 1 King's College Circle Toronto Ontario Canada.,Department of Pediatrics Division of Neurology and Program in Neurosciences Children's Health University of Texas Southwestern Dallas Texas
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8
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Rafiullah R, Long AB, Ivanova AA, Ali H, Berkel S, Mustafa G, Paramasivam N, Schlesner M, Wiemann S, Wade RC, Bolthauser E, Blum M, Kahn RA, Caspary T, Rappold GA. A novel homozygous ARL13B variant in patients with Joubert syndrome impairs its guanine nucleotide-exchange factor activity. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:1324-1334. [PMID: 29255182 PMCID: PMC5865152 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ARL13B encodes for the ADP-ribosylation factor-like 13B GTPase, which is required for normal cilia structure and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. Disruptions in cilia structure or function lead to a class of human disorders called ciliopathies. Joubert syndrome is characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms, including a variable degree of intellectual disability, ataxia, and ocular abnormalities. Here we report a novel homozygous missense variant c.[223G>A] (p.(Gly75Arg) in the ARL13B gene, which was identified by whole-exome sequencing of a trio from a consanguineous family with multiple-affected individuals suffering from intellectual disability, ataxia, ocular defects, and epilepsy. The same variant was also identified in a second family. We saw a striking difference in the severity of ataxia between affected male and female individuals in both families. Both ARL13B and ARL13B-c.[223G>A] (p.(Gly75Arg) expression rescued the cilia length and Shh defects displayed by Arl13b hennin (null) cells, indicating that the variant did not disrupt either ARL13B function. In contrast, ARL13B-c.[223G>A] (p.(Gly75Arg) displayed a marked loss of ARL3 guanine nucleotide-exchange factor activity, with retention of its GTPase activities, highlighting the correlation between its loss of function as an ARL3 guanine nucleotide-exchange factor and Joubert syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiullah Rafiullah
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alyssa B Long
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Anna A Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hazrat Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Bolan Medical College, 87600, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Simone Berkel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling (MCM) Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nagarajan Paramasivam
- Computational Oncology Group, Theoretical Bioinformatics Division (B080), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Computational Oncology Group, Theoretical Bioinformatics Division (B080), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Genomic and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Wade
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling (MCM) Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eugen Bolthauser
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Blum
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Richard A Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Tamara Caspary
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gudrun A Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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9
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Guo T, Tan ZP, Chen HM, Zheng DY, Liu L, Huang XG, Chen P, Luo H, Yang YF. An effective combination of whole-exome sequencing and runs of homozygosity for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia in consanguineous families. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7905. [PMID: 28801648 PMCID: PMC5554225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is clinically characterized by neonatal respiratory distress, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis and infertility, and situs inversus in 50% of the patients. PCD is a result of mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in ciliary function, and is primarily inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. Diagnosis of PCD is often a challenging task due to its high clinical and genetic heterogeneities. In the present study, we attempted to use whole-exome sequencing (WES) combined with runs of homozygosity (ROH) approaches to identify the genetic defects in four Chinese consanguineous families with clinical PCD. We successfully identified three recently acknowledged PCD genes: DYX1C1, CCNO and ARMC4, and one well-characterized PCD gene, DNAI1. Our study provides compelling evidence that WES in combination with ROH analysis is an efficient diagnostic tool for identifying genetic causes of PCD in consanguineous families. Furthermore, our work expands the genetic mutation spectrum in PCD, and provides the additional tools to better serve the counseling of the families with PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Tan
- Central South University Center for Clinical Gene Diagnosis and Treatment, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Hua-Mei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chang Sha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Dong-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Lv Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xin-Gang Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. .,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. .,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Yi-Feng Yang
- Central South University Center for Clinical Gene Diagnosis and Treatment, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. .,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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10
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Khan MA, Khan S, Windpassinger C, Badar M, Nawaz Z, Mohammad RM. The Molecular Genetics of Autosomal Recessive Nonsyndromic Intellectual Disability: a Mutational Continuum and Future Recommendations. Ann Hum Genet 2017; 80:342-368. [PMID: 27870114 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a clinical manifestation of the central nervous system without any major dysmorphologies of the brain. Biologically it affects learning capabilities, memory, and cognitive functioning. The basic defining features of ID are characterized by IQ<70, age of onset before 18 years, and impairment of at least two of the adaptive skills. Clinically it is classified in a syndromic (with additional abnormalities) and a nonsyndromic form (with only cognitive impairment). The study of nonsyndromic intellectual disability (NSID) can best explain the pathophysiology of cognition, intelligence and memory. Genetic analysis in autosomal recessive nonsyndrmic ID (ARNSID) has mapped 51 disease loci, 34 of which have revealed their defective genes. These genes play diverse physiological roles in various molecular processes, including methylation, proteolysis, glycosylation, signal transduction, transcription regulation, lipid metabolism, ion homeostasis, tRNA modification, ubiquitination and neuromorphogenesis. High-density SNP array and whole exome sequencing has increased the pace of gene discoveries and many new mutations are being published every month. The lack of uniform criteria has assigned multiple identifiers (or accession numbers) to the same MRT locus (e.g. MRT7 and MRT22). Here in this review we describe the molecular genetics of ARNSID, prioritize the candidate genes in uncharacterized loci, and propose a new nomenclature to reorganize the mutation data that will avoid the confusion of assigning duplicate accession numbers to the same ID locus and to make the data manageable in the future as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammil Ahmad Khan
- Genomic Core Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar.,Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, 29050 KPK, Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Genomic Core Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar.,Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Badar
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, 29050 KPK, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Nawaz
- Genomic Core Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Genomic Core Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
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11
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Winkler EC, Wiemann S. Findings made in gene panel to whole genome sequencing: data, knowledge, ethics – and consequences? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:1259-1270. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1212662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Mittal K, Rafiq MA, Rafiullah R, Harripaul R, Ali H, Ayaz M, Aslam M, Naeem F, Amin-ud-din M, Waqas A, So J, Rappold GA, Vincent JB, Ayub M. Mutations in the genes for thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase cause thyroid dyshormonogenesis and autosomal-recessive intellectual disability. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:867-872. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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