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Vukic M, Chouaref J, Della Chiara V, Dogan S, Ratner F, Hogenboom JZM, Epp TA, Chawengsaksophak K, Vonk KKD, Breukel C, Ariyurek Y, San Leon Granado D, Kloet SL, Daxinger L. CDCA7-associated global aberrant DNA hypomethylation translates to localized, tissue-specific transcriptional responses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk3384. [PMID: 38335290 PMCID: PMC10857554 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Disruption of cell division cycle associated 7 (CDCA7) has been linked to aberrant DNA hypomethylation, but the impact of DNA methylation loss on transcription has not been investigated. Here, we show that CDCA7 is critical for maintaining global DNA methylation levels across multiple tissues in vivo. A pathogenic Cdca7 missense variant leads to the formation of large, aberrantly hypomethylated domains overlapping with the B genomic compartment but without affecting the deposition of H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3). CDCA7-associated aberrant DNA hypomethylation translated to localized, tissue-specific transcriptional dysregulation that affected large gene clusters. In the brain, we identify CDCA7 as a transcriptional repressor and epigenetic regulator of clustered protocadherin isoform choice. Increased protocadherin isoform expression frequency is accompanied by DNA methylation loss, gain of H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), and increased binding of the transcriptional regulator CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF). Overall, our in vivo work identifies a key role for CDCA7 in safeguarding tissue-specific expression of gene clusters via the DNA methylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Vukic
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jihed Chouaref
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Serkan Dogan
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Fallon Ratner
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Trevor A. Epp
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kallayanee Chawengsaksophak
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kelly K. D. Vonk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cor Breukel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Yavuz Ariyurek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Susan L. Kloet
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lucia Daxinger
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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2
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Dharmadhikari AV, Abad MA, Khan S, Maroofian R, Sands TT, Ullah F, Samejima I, Wear MA, Moore KE, Kondakova E, Mitina N, Schaub T, Lee GK, Umandap CH, Berger SM, Iglesias AD, Popp B, Jamra RA, Gabriel H, Rentas S, Rippert AL, Izumi K, Conlin LK, Koboldt DC, Mosher TM, Hickey SE, Albert DVF, Norwood H, Lewanda AF, Dai H, Liu P, Mitani T, Marafi D, Pehlivan D, Posey JE, Lippa N, Vena N, Heinzen EL, Goldstein DB, Mignot C, de Sainte Agathe JM, Al-Sannaa NA, Zamani M, Sadeghian S, Azizimalamiri R, Seifia T, Zaki MS, Abdel-Salam GMH, Abdel-Hamid M, Alabdi L, Alkuraya FS, Dawoud H, Lofty A, Bauer P, Zifarelli G, Afzal E, Zafar F, Efthymiou S, Gossett D, Towne MC, Yeneabat R, Wontakal SN, Aggarwal VS, Rosenfeld JA, Tarabykin V, Ohta S, Lupski JR, Houlden H, Earnshaw WC, Davis EE, Jeyaprakash AA, Liao J. RNA methyltransferase SPOUT1/CENP-32 links mitotic spindle organization with the neurodevelopmental disorder SpADMiSS. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.09.23300329. [PMID: 38260255 PMCID: PMC10802637 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.23300329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
SPOUT1/CENP-32 encodes a putative SPOUT RNA methyltransferase previously identified as a mitotic chromosome associated protein. SPOUT1/CENP-32 depletion leads to centrosome detachment from the spindle poles and chromosome misalignment. Aided by gene matching platforms, we identified 24 individuals with neurodevelopmental delays from 18 families with bi-allelic variants in SPOUT1/CENP-32 detected by exome/genome sequencing. Zebrafish spout1/cenp-32 mutants showed reduction in larval head size with concomitant apoptosis likely associated with altered cell cycle progression. In vivo complementation assays in zebrafish indicated that SPOUT1/CENP-32 missense variants identified in humans are pathogenic. Crystal structure analysis of SPOUT1/CENP-32 revealed that most disease-associated missense variants mapped to the catalytic domain. Additionally, SPOUT1/CENP-32 recurrent missense variants had reduced methyltransferase activity in vitro and compromised centrosome tethering to the spindle poles in human cells. Thus, SPOUT1/CENP-32 pathogenic variants cause an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder: SpADMiSS ( SPOUT1 Associated Development delay Microcephaly Seizures Short stature) underpinned by mitotic spindle organization defects and consequent chromosome segregation errors.
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3
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Yamamoto S, Kanca O, Wangler MF, Bellen HJ. Integrating non-mammalian model organisms in the diagnosis of rare genetic diseases in humans. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:46-60. [PMID: 37491400 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technology has rapidly accelerated the discovery of genetic variants of interest in individuals with rare diseases. However, showing that these variants are causative of the disease in question is complex and may require functional studies. Use of non-mammalian model organisms - mainly fruitflies (Drosophila melanogaster), nematode worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) - enables the rapid and cost-effective assessment of the effects of gene variants, which can then be validated in mammalian model organisms such as mice and in human cells. By probing mechanisms of gene action and identifying interacting genes and proteins in vivo, recent studies in these non-mammalian model organisms have facilitated the diagnosis of numerous genetic diseases and have enabled the screening and identification of therapeutic options for patients. Studies in non-mammalian model organisms have also shown that the biological processes underlying rare diseases can provide insight into more common mechanisms of disease and the biological functions of genes. Here, we discuss the opportunities afforded by non-mammalian model organisms, focusing on flies, worms and fish, and provide examples of their use in the diagnosis of rare genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Wang Y, Sheng F, Ying L, Lou Q, Yu Z, Wang K, Wang H. CEP55-associated lethal fetal syndrome: a case report of a Chinese family. Front Genet 2023; 14:1267241. [PMID: 37928238 PMCID: PMC10623345 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1267241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Research on fetal loss related to germline mutations in single genes remains limited. Disruption of CEP55 has recently been established in association with perinatal deaths characterized by hydranencephaly, renal dysplasia, oligohydramnios, and characteristic dysmorphisms. We herein present a Chinese family with recurrent fetal losses due to compound heterozygous nonsense CEP55 variants. Case presentations: The Chinese couple had a history of five pregnancies, with four of them proceeding abnormally. Two stillbirths (II:3 and II:4) sequentially occurred in the third and fourth pregnancy. Prenatal ultrasound scans revealed phenotypic similarities between fetuses II:3 and II:4, including oligohydramnios, bilateral renal dysplasia and hydrocephalus/hydranencephaly. Clubfoot and syndactyly were also present in both stillborn babies. Fetus II:3 presented with endocardial cushion defects while fetus II:4 did not. With the product of conception in the fourth pregnancy, whole exome sequencing (WES) on fetus II:4 identified compound heterozygous nonsense CEP55 variants comprised of c.190C>T(p.Arg64*) and c.208A>T(p.Lys70*). Both variants were expected to result in lack of the TSG101 and ALIX binding domain. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence and cosegregation of both variants. Conclusion: This is the fifth reported family wherein biallelic CEP55 variants lead to multiple perinatal deaths. Our findings, taken together with previously described phenotypically similar cases and even those with a milder and viable phenotype, broaden the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of CEP55-associated lethal fetal syndrome, highlighting the vital biomolecular function of CEP55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Wang
- Jinhua Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinhua, China
- Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Fang Sheng
- Jinhua Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | | | - Qiaoli Lou
- Wuyi County First People's Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhaonan Yu
- Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Hangzhou D. A. Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Haoyi Wang
- Hangzhou D. A. Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
- Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Jinhua City, Jinhua, China
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5
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Wang G, Chen B, Su Y, Qu N, Zhou D, Zhou W. CEP55 as a Promising Immune Intervention Marker to Regulate Tumor Progression: A Pan-Cancer Analysis with Experimental Verification. Cells 2023; 12:2457. [PMID: 37887301 PMCID: PMC10605621 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
CEP55, a member of the centrosomal protein family, affects cell mitosis and promotes the progression of several malignancies. However, the relationship between CEP55 expression levels and prognosis, as well as their role in cancer progression and immune infiltration in different cancer types, remains unclear. We used a combined form of several databases to validate the expression of CEP55 in pan-cancer and its association with immune infiltration, and we further screened its targeted inhibitors with CEP55. Our results showed the expression of CEP55 was significantly higher in most tumors than in the corresponding normal tissues, and it correlated with the pathological grade and age of the patients and affected the prognosis. In breast cancer cells, CEP55 knockdown significantly decreased cell survival, proliferation, and migration, while overexpression of CEP55 significantly promoted breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, CEP55 expression was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, and immune-related genes in the tumor microenvironment. CD-437 was screened as a potential CEP55-targeted small-molecule compound inhibitor. In conclusion, our study highlights the prognostic value of CEP55 in cancer and further provides a potential target selection for CEP55 as a potential target for intervention in tumor immune infiltration and related immune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Na Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Duanfang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Weiying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Cuccurullo C, Miele G, Piccolo G, Bilo L, Accogli A, D'Amico A, Fratta M, Guerrisi S, Iacomino M, Salpietro V, Ugga L, Striano P, Coppola A. Hydranencephaly in CENPJ-related Seckel syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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High-Content RNAi Phenotypic Screening Unveils the Involvement of Human Ubiquitin-Related Enzymes in Late Cytokinesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233862. [PMID: 36497121 PMCID: PMC9737832 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CEP55 is a central regulator of late cytokinesis and is overexpressed in numerous cancers. Its post-translationally controlled recruitment to the midbody is crucial to the structural coordination of the abscission sequence. Our recent evidence that CEP55 contains two ubiquitin-binding domains was the first structural and functional link between ubiquitin signaling and ESCRT-mediated severing of the intercellular bridge. So far, high-content screens focusing on cytokinesis have used multinucleation as the endpoint readout. Here, we report an automated image-based detection method of intercellular bridges, which we applied to further our understanding of late cytokinetic signaling by performing an RNAi screen of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. A secondary validation confirmed four candidate genes, i.e., LNX2, NEURL, UCHL1 and RNF157, whose downregulation variably affects interconnected phenotypes related to CEP55 and its UBDs, as follows: decreased recruitment of CEP55 to the midbody, increased number of midbody remnants per cell, and increased frequency of intercellular bridges or multinucleation events. This brings into question the Notch-dependent or independent contributions of LNX2 and NEURL proteins to late cytokinesis. Similarly, the role of UCHL1 in autophagy could link its function with the fate of midbody remnants. Beyond the biological interest, this high-content screening approach could also be used to isolate anticancer drugs that act by impairing cytokinesis and CEP55 functions.
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8
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Grange LJ, Reynolds JJ, Ullah F, Isidor B, Shearer RF, Latypova X, Baxley RM, Oliver AW, Ganesh A, Cooke SL, Jhujh SS, McNee GS, Hollingworth R, Higgs MR, Natsume T, Khan T, Martos-Moreno GÁ, Chupp S, Mathew CG, Parry D, Simpson MA, Nahavandi N, Yüksel Z, Drasdo M, Kron A, Vogt P, Jonasson A, Seth SA, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Brigatti KW, Stegmann APA, Kanemaki M, Josifova D, Uchiyama Y, Oh Y, Morimoto A, Osaka H, Ammous Z, Argente J, Matsumoto N, Stumpel CTRM, Taylor AMR, Jackson AP, Bielinsky AK, Mailand N, Le Caignec C, Davis EE, Stewart GS. Pathogenic variants in SLF2 and SMC5 cause segmented chromosomes and mosaic variegated hyperploidy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6664. [PMID: 36333305 PMCID: PMC9636423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development is dictated by tight regulation of DNA replication, cell division and differentiation. Mutations in DNA repair and replication genes disrupt this equilibrium, giving rise to neurodevelopmental disease characterized by microcephaly, short stature and chromosomal breakage. Here, we identify biallelic variants in two components of the RAD18-SLF1/2-SMC5/6 genome stability pathway, SLF2 and SMC5, in 11 patients with microcephaly, short stature, cardiac abnormalities and anemia. Patient-derived cells exhibit a unique chromosomal instability phenotype consisting of segmented and dicentric chromosomes with mosaic variegated hyperploidy. To signify the importance of these segmented chromosomes, we have named this disorder Atelís (meaning - incomplete) Syndrome. Analysis of Atelís Syndrome cells reveals elevated levels of replication stress, partly due to a reduced ability to replicate through G-quadruplex DNA structures, and also loss of sister chromatid cohesion. Together, these data strengthen the functional link between SLF2 and the SMC5/6 complex, highlighting a distinct role for this pathway in maintaining genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Grange
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John J Reynolds
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Farid Ullah
- Advanced Center for Genetic and Translational Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Robert F Shearer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xenia Latypova
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Ryan M Baxley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Antony W Oliver
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, Science Park Road, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Anil Ganesh
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sophie L Cooke
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Satpal S Jhujh
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gavin S McNee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Robert Hollingworth
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin R Higgs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Toyoaki Natsume
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tahir Khan
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gabriel Á Martos-Moreno
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, CIBER de fisiopatología de la obesidad y nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Christopher G Mathew
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - David Parry
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nahid Nahavandi
- Bioscientia Institute for Medical Diagnostics, Human Genetics, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Zafer Yüksel
- Bioscientia Institute for Medical Diagnostics, Human Genetics, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Mojgan Drasdo
- Bioscientia Institute for Medical Diagnostics, Human Genetics, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Anja Kron
- Bioscientia Institute for Medical Diagnostics, Human Genetics, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Petra Vogt
- Bioscientia Institute for Medical Diagnostics, Human Genetics, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Annemarie Jonasson
- Bioscientia Institute for Medical Diagnostics, Human Genetics, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
- International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Alexander P A Stegmann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Masato Kanemaki
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukiko Oh
- Department of Paediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akira Morimoto
- Department of Paediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Paediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Jesús Argente
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, CIBER de fisiopatología de la obesidad y nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Alimentación/IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Constance T R M Stumpel
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander M R Taylor
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew P Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Niels Mailand
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cedric Le Caignec
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse, Service de Génétique Médicale and ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Inserm, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Erica E Davis
- Advanced Center for Genetic and Translational Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Boycott KM, Hartley T, Kernohan KD, Dyment DA, Howley H, Innes AM, Bernier FP, Brudno M. Care4Rare Canada: Outcomes from a decade of network science for rare disease gene discovery. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1947-1959. [PMID: 36332610 PMCID: PMC9674964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a rapid evolution in rare disease (RD) research, fueled by the availability of genome-wide (exome and genome) sequencing. In 2011, as this transformative technology was introduced to the research community, the Care4Rare Canada Consortium was launched: initially as FORGE, followed by Care4Rare, and Care4Rare SOLVE. Over what amounted to three eras of diagnosis and discovery, the Care4Rare Consortium used exome sequencing and, more recently, genome and other 'omic technologies to identify the molecular cause of unsolved RDs. We achieved a diagnostic yield of 34% (623/1,806 of participating families), including the discovery of deleterious variants in 121 genes not previously associated with disease, and we continue to study candidate variants in novel genes for 145 families. The Consortium has made significant contributions to RD research, including development of platforms for data collection and sharing and instigating a Canadian network to catalyze functional characterization research of novel genes. The Consortium was instrumental to implementing genome-wide sequencing as a publicly funded test for RD diagnosis in Canada. Despite the successes of the past decade, the challenge of solving all RDs remains enormous, and the work is far from over. We must leverage clinical and 'omic data for secondary use, develop tools and policies to support safe data sharing, continue to explore the utility of new and emerging technologies, and optimize research protocols to delineate complex disease mechanisms. Successful approaches in each of these realms is required to offer diagnostic clarity to all families with RDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym M. Boycott
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada,Corresponding author
| | - Taila Hartley
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Kristin D. Kernohan
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - David A. Dyment
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Heather Howley
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - A. Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Francois P. Bernier
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Michael Brudno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada
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Panagiotou TC, Chen A, Wilde A. An anillin-CIN85-SEPT9 complex promotes intercellular bridge maturation required for successful cytokinesis. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111274. [PMID: 36044846 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of one cell into two is the most dramatic event in the life of a cell. Plasma membrane fission occurs within a narrow intercellular bridge (ICB) between the daughter cells, but the mechanisms underlying ICB formation and maturation are poorly understood. Here we identify CIN85 as an ICB assembly factor and demonstrate its requirement for robust and timely cytokinesis. CIN85 interacts directly with the N-terminal region of anillin and SEPT9 and thereby facilitates SEPT9-containing filament localization to the plasma membrane of the ICB. In contrast, the C-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of anillin binds to septin units lacking SEPT9 but enriched in SEPT11. Anillin's interactions with distinct septin units are required to promote ICB elongation and maturation that, we propose, generate the physical space into which the abscission machinery is recruited to drive the final membrane scission event releasing two independent daughter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Panagiotou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1M1, Canada
| | - Anan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1M1, Canada
| | - Andrew Wilde
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1M1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1M1, Canada.
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11
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Marwaha S, Knowles JW, Ashley EA. A guide for the diagnosis of rare and undiagnosed disease: beyond the exome. Genome Med 2022; 14:23. [PMID: 35220969 PMCID: PMC8883622 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractRare diseases affect 30 million people in the USA and more than 300–400 million worldwide, often causing chronic illness, disability, and premature death. Traditional diagnostic techniques rely heavily on heuristic approaches, coupling clinical experience from prior rare disease presentations with the medical literature. A large number of rare disease patients remain undiagnosed for years and many even die without an accurate diagnosis. In recent years, gene panels, microarrays, and exome sequencing have helped to identify the molecular cause of such rare and undiagnosed diseases. These technologies have allowed diagnoses for a sizable proportion (25–35%) of undiagnosed patients, often with actionable findings. However, a large proportion of these patients remain undiagnosed. In this review, we focus on technologies that can be adopted if exome sequencing is unrevealing. We discuss the benefits of sequencing the whole genome and the additional benefit that may be offered by long-read technology, pan-genome reference, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and methyl profiling. We highlight computational methods to help identify regionally distant patients with similar phenotypes or similar genetic mutations. Finally, we describe approaches to automate and accelerate genomic analysis. The strategies discussed here are intended to serve as a guide for clinicians and researchers in the next steps when encountering patients with non-diagnostic exomes.
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12
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Aurora A and AKT Kinase Signaling Associated with Primary Cilia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123602. [PMID: 34944109 PMCID: PMC8699881 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of kinase signaling is associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity; consequently, the kinases involved have become major therapeutic targets. While kinase signaling pathways play crucial roles in multiple cellular processes, the precise manner in which their dysregulation contributes to disease is dependent on the context; for example, the cell/tissue type or subcellular localization of the kinase or substrate. Thus, context-selective targeting of dysregulated kinases may serve to increase the therapeutic specificity while reducing off-target adverse effects. Primary cilia are antenna-like structures that extend from the plasma membrane and function by detecting extracellular cues and transducing signals into the cell. Cilia formation and signaling are dynamically regulated through context-dependent mechanisms; as such, dysregulation of primary cilia contributes to disease in a variety of ways. Here, we review the involvement of primary cilia-associated signaling through aurora A and AKT kinases with respect to cancer, obesity, and other ciliopathies.
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13
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Rashidieh B, Shohayeb B, Bain AL, Fortuna PRJ, Sinha D, Burgess A, Mills R, Adams RC, Lopez JA, Blumbergs P, Finnie J, Kalimutho M, Piper M, Hudson JE, Ng DCH, Khanna KK. Cep55 regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling is required for neocortical development and ciliogenesis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009334. [PMID: 34710087 PMCID: PMC8577787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Homozygous nonsense mutations in CEP55 are associated with several congenital malformations that lead to perinatal lethality suggesting that it plays a critical role in regulation of embryonic development. CEP55 has previously been studied as a crucial regulator of cytokinesis, predominantly in transformed cells, and its dysregulation is linked to carcinogenesis. However, its molecular functions during embryonic development in mammals require further investigation. We have generated a Cep55 knockout (Cep55-/-) mouse model which demonstrated preweaning lethality associated with a wide range of neural defects. Focusing our analysis on the neocortex, we show that Cep55-/- embryos exhibited depleted neural stem/progenitor cells in the ventricular zone as a result of significantly increased cellular apoptosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Cep55-loss downregulates the pGsk3β/β-Catenin/Myc axis in an Akt-dependent manner. The elevated apoptosis of neural stem/progenitors was recapitulated using Cep55-deficient human cerebral organoids and we could rescue the phenotype by inhibiting active Gsk3β. Additionally, we show that Cep55-loss leads to a significant reduction of ciliated cells, highlighting a novel role in regulating ciliogenesis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a critical role of Cep55 during brain development and provide mechanistic insights that may have important implications for genetic syndromes associated with Cep55-loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Rashidieh
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Belal Shohayeb
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | | | - Debottam Sinha
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Andrew Burgess
- ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard Mills
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Rachael C. Adams
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - J. Alejandro Lopez
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Peter Blumbergs
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John Finnie
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Michael Piper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | - Dominic C. H. Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
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14
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McNeely KC, Dwyer ND. Cytokinetic Abscission Regulation in Neural Stem Cells and Tissue Development. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021; 7:161-173. [PMID: 36303610 PMCID: PMC9603694 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-021-00193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review How stem cells balance proliferation with differentiation, giving rise to specific daughter cells during development to build an embryo or tissue, remains an open question. Here, we discuss recent evidence that cytokinetic abscission regulation in stem cells, particularly neural stem cells (NSCs), is part of the answer. Abscission is a multi-step process mediated by the midbody, a microtubule-based structure formed in the intercellular bridge between daughter cells after mitosis. Recent Findings Human mutations and mouse knockouts in abscission genes reveal that subtle disruptions of NSC abscission can cause brain malformations. Experiments in several epithelial systems have shown that midbodies serve as scaffolds for apical junction proteins and are positioned near apical membrane fate determinants. Abscission timing is tightly controlled and developmentally regulated in stem cells, with delayed abscission in early embryos and faster abscission later. Midbody remnants (MBRs) contain over 400 proteins and may influence polarity, fate, and ciliogenesis. Summary As NSCs and other stem cells build tissues, they tightly regulate three aspects of abscission: midbody positioning, duration, and MBR handling. Midbody positioning and remnants establish or maintain cell polarity. MBRs are deposited on the apical membranes of epithelia, can be released or internalized by surrounding cells, and may sequester fate determinants or transfer information between cells. Work in cell lines and simpler systems has shown multiple roles for abscission regulation influencing stem cell polarity, potency, and daughter fates during development. Elucidating how the abscission process influences cell fate and tissue growth is important for our continued understanding of brain development and stem cell biology.
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15
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Latypova X, Vincent M, Mollé A, Adebambo OA, Fourgeux C, Khan TN, Caro A, Rosello M, Orellana C, Niyazov D, Lederer D, Deprez M, Capri Y, Kannu P, Tabet AC, Levy J, Aten E, den Hollander N, Splitt M, Walia J, Immken LL, Stankiewicz P, McWalter K, Suchy S, Louie RJ, Bell S, Stevenson RE, Rousseau J, Willem C, Retiere C, Yang XJ, Campeau PM, Martinez F, Rosenfeld JA, Le Caignec C, Küry S, Mercier S, Moradkhani K, Conrad S, Besnard T, Cogné B, Katsanis N, Bézieau S, Poschmann J, Davis EE, Isidor B. Haploinsufficiency of the Sin3/HDAC corepressor complex member SIN3B causes a syndromic intellectual disability/autism spectrum disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:929-941. [PMID: 33811806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins involved in transcriptional regulation harbor a demonstrated enrichment of mutations in neurodevelopmental disorders. The Sin3 (Swi-independent 3)/histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex plays a central role in histone deacetylation and transcriptional repression. Among the two vertebrate paralogs encoding the Sin3 complex, SIN3A variants cause syndromic intellectual disability, but the clinical consequences of SIN3B haploinsufficiency in humans are uncharacterized. Here, we describe a syndrome hallmarked by intellectual disability, developmental delay, and dysmorphic facial features with variably penetrant autism spectrum disorder, congenital malformations, corpus callosum defects, and impaired growth caused by disruptive SIN3B variants. Using chromosomal microarray or exome sequencing, and through international data sharing efforts, we identified nine individuals with heterozygous SIN3B deletion or single-nucleotide variants. Five individuals harbor heterozygous deletions encompassing SIN3B that reside within a ∼230 kb minimal region of overlap on 19p13.11, two individuals have a rare nonsynonymous substitution, and two individuals have a single-nucleotide deletion that results in a frameshift and predicted premature termination codon. To test the relevance of SIN3B impairment to measurable aspects of the human phenotype, we disrupted the orthologous zebrafish locus by genome editing and transient suppression. The mutant and morphant larvae display altered craniofacial patterning, commissural axon defects, and reduced body length supportive of an essential role for Sin3 function in growth and patterning of anterior structures. To investigate further the molecular consequences of SIN3B variants, we quantified genome-wide enhancer and promoter activity states by using H3K27ac ChIP-seq. We show that, similar to SIN3A mutations, SIN3B disruption causes hyperacetylation of a subset of enhancers and promoters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Together, these data demonstrate that SIN3B haploinsufficiency leads to a hitherto unknown intellectual disability/autism syndrome, uncover a crucial role of SIN3B in the central nervous system, and define the epigenetic landscape associated with Sin3 complex impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Latypova
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Alice Mollé
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Cynthia Fourgeux
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Tahir N Khan
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, 46000 Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Alfonso Caro
- Unidad de Genética, Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Genética, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Monica Rosello
- Unidad de Genética, Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Genética, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Orellana
- Unidad de Genética, Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Genética, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Dmitriy Niyazov
- Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA 70128, USA
| | - Damien Lederer
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, IPG, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marie Deprez
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Clinique Saint Elizabeth, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Yline Capri
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Peter Kannu
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan Levy
- Service de Cytogénétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Emmelien Aten
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolette den Hollander
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Splitt
- Northern Genetics Service, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jagdeep Walia
- Kingston General Hospital Research Institute, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Ladonna L Immken
- Clinical Genetics, Dell Children's Medical Group, Austin, TX 78731, USA
| | - Pawel Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Sharon Suchy
- GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Raymond J Louie
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Shannon Bell
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Roger E Stevenson
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Justine Rousseau
- Sainte-Justine Hospital, 3175, Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Christelle Retiere
- Etablissement Français du Sang, 44000 Nantes, France; CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; LabEx IGO, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Xiang-Jiao Yang
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Sainte-Justine Hospital, 3175, Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francisco Martinez
- Unidad de Genética, Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Genética, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cédric Le Caignec
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Sandra Mercier
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Kamran Moradkhani
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Solène Conrad
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Thomas Besnard
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Jeremie Poschmann
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Erica E Davis
- Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
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16
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Loss of Coiled-Coil Protein Cep55 Impairs Neural Stem Cell Abscission and Results in p53-Dependent Apoptosis in Developing Cortex. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3344-3365. [PMID: 33622776 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1955-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To build the brain, embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) tightly regulate their cell divisions, undergoing a polarized form of cytokinesis that is poorly understood. Cytokinetic abscission is mediated by the midbody to sever the daughter cells at the apical membrane. In cell lines, the coiled-coil protein Cep55 was reported to be required for abscission. Mutations of Cep55 in humans cause a variety of cortical malformations. However, its role in the specialized divisions of NSCs is unclear. Here, we elucidate the roles of Cep55 in abscission and brain development. KO of Cep55 in mice causes abscission defects in neural and non-neural cell types, and postnatal lethality. The brain is disproportionately affected, with severe microcephaly at birth. Quantitative analyses of abscission in fixed and live cortical NSCs show that Cep55 acts to increase the speed and success rate of abscission, by facilitating ESCRT recruitment and timely microtubule disassembly. However, most NSCs complete abscission successfully in the absence of Cep55 Those that fail show a tissue-specific response: binucleate NSCs and neurons elevate p53, but binucleate fibroblasts do not. This leads to massive apoptosis in the brain, but not other tissues. Double KO of both p53 and Cep55 blocks apoptosis but only partially rescues Cep55 -/- brain size. This may be because of the persistent NSC cell division defects and p53-independent premature cell cycle exit. This work adds to emerging evidence that abscission regulation and error tolerance vary by cell type and are especially crucial in neural stem cells as they build the brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT During brain growth, embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) must divide many times. In the last step of cell division, the daughter cell severs its connection to the mother stem cell, a process called abscission. The protein Cep55 is thought to be essential for recruiting proteins to the mother-daughter cell connection to complete abscission. We find that Cep55 mutants have very small brains with disturbed structure, but almost normal size bodies. NSC abscission can occur, but it is slower than normal, and failures are increased. Furthermore, NSCs that do fail abscission activate a signal for programmed cell death, whereas non-neural cells do not. Blocking this signal only partly restores brain growth, showing that regulation of abscission is crucial for brain development.
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17
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Brock S, Cools F, Jansen AC. Neuropathology of genetically defined malformations of cortical development-A systematic literature review. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:585-602. [PMID: 33480109 PMCID: PMC8359484 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Malformations of cortical development (MCD) include a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical, imaging, molecular and histopathological entities. While the understanding of genetic causes of MCD has improved with the availability of next-generation sequencing modalities, genotype-histopathological correlations remain limited. This is the first systematic review of molecular and neuropathological findings in patients with MCD to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature. METHODS A systematic review was performed between November 2019 and February 2020. A MEDLINE search was conducted for 132 genes previously linked to MCD in order to identify studies reporting macroscopic and/or microscopic findings in patients with a confirmed genetic cause. RESULTS Eighty-one studies were included in this review reporting neuropathological features associated with pathogenic variants in 46 genes (46/132 genes, 34.8%). Four groups emerged, consisting of (1) 13 genes with well-defined histological-genotype correlations, (2) 27 genes for which neuropathological reports were limited, (3) 5 genes with conflicting neuropathological features, and (4) 87 genes for which no histological data were available. Lissencephaly and polymicrogyria were reported most frequently. Associated brain malformations were variably present, with abnormalities of the corpus callosum as most common associated feature. CONCLUSIONS Neuropathological data in patients with MCD with a defined genetic cause are available only for a small number of genes. As each genetic cause might lead to unique histopathological features of MCD, standardised thorough neuropathological assessment and reporting should be encouraged. Histological features can help improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of MCD and generate hypotheses with impact on further research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Brock
- Department of Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Neurogenetics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filip Cools
- Department of Neonatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna C Jansen
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Abstract
Cerebellar hypoplasia (CH) refers to a cerebellum of reduced volume with preserved shape. CH is associated with a broad heterogeneity in neuroradiologic features, etiologies, clinical characteristics, and neurodevelopmental outcomes, challenging physicians evaluating children with CH. Traditionally, neuroimaging has been a key tool to categorize CH based on the pattern of cerebellar involvement (e.g., hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis only vs. hypoplasia of both the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres) and the presence of associated brainstem and cerebral anomalies. With the advances in genetic technologies of the recent decade, many novel CH genes have been identified, and consequently, a constant updating of the literature and revision of the classification of cerebellar malformations are needed. Here, we review the current literature on CH. We propose a systematic approach to recognize specific neuroimaging patterns associated with CH, based on whether the CH is isolated or associated with posterior cerebrospinal fluid anomalies, specific brainstem or cerebellar malformations, brainstem hypoplasia with or without cortical migration anomalies, or dysplasia. The CH radiologic pattern and clinical assessment will allow the clinician to guide his investigations and genetic testing, give a more precise diagnosis, screen for associated comorbidities, and improve prognostication of associated neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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19
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Sinha D, Nag P, Nanayakkara D, Duijf PHG, Burgess A, Raninga P, Smits VAJ, Bain AL, Subramanian G, Wall M, Finnie JW, Kalimutho M, Khanna KK. Cep55 overexpression promotes genomic instability and tumorigenesis in mice. Commun Biol 2020; 3:593. [PMID: 33087841 PMCID: PMC7578791 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression of centrosomal protein CEP55 has been correlated with clinico-pathological parameters across multiple human cancers. Despite significant in vitro studies and association of aberrantly overexpressed CEP55 with worse prognosis, its causal role in vivo tumorigenesis remains elusive. Here, using a ubiquitously overexpressing transgenic mouse model, we show that Cep55 overexpression causes spontaneous tumorigenesis and accelerates Trp53+/− induced tumours in vivo. At the cellular level, using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we demonstrate that Cep55 overexpression induces proliferation advantage by modulating multiple cellular signalling networks including the hyperactivation of the Pi3k/Akt pathway. Notably, Cep55 overexpressing MEFs have a compromised Chk1-dependent S-phase checkpoint, causing increased replication speed and DNA damage, resulting in a prolonged aberrant mitotic division. Importantly, this phenotype was rescued by pharmacological inhibition of Pi3k/Akt or expression of mutant Chk1 (S280A) protein, which is insensitive to regulation by active Akt, in Cep55 overexpressing MEFs. Moreover, we report that Cep55 overexpression causes stabilized microtubules. Collectively, our data demonstrates causative effects of deregulated Cep55 on genome stability and tumorigenesis which have potential implications for tumour initiation and therapy development. Sinha et al. demonstrate that overexpression of centrosomal protein Cep55 in mice is sufficient to cause a wide-spectrum of cancer via multiple mechanisms including hyperactivation of the Pi3k/Akt pathway, stabilized microtubules and a defective replication checkpoint response. These findings are relevant to human cancers as high CEP55 expression is associated with worse prognosis across multiple cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debottam Sinha
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia.,School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, QLD, Australia
| | - Purba Nag
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia.,School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, QLD, Australia.,Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland and Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Devathri Nanayakkara
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Burgess
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Prahlad Raninga
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Veronique A J Smits
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Amanda L Bain
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Goutham Subramanian
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Meaghan Wall
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John W Finnie
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Murugan Kalimutho
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia.
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia.
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20
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Abstract
Dyslipidemias include both rare single gene disorders and common conditions that have a complex underlying basis. In London, ON, there is fortuitous close physical proximity between the Lipid Genetics Clinic and the London Regional Genomics Centre. For >30 years, we have applied DNA sequencing of clinical samples to help answer scientific questions. More than 2000 patients referred with dyslipidemias have participated in an ongoing translational research program. In 2013, we transitioned to next-generation sequencing; our targeted panel is designed to concurrently assess both monogenic and polygenic contributions to dyslipidemias. Patient DNA is screened for rare variants underlying 25 mendelian dyslipidemias, including familial hypercholesterolemia, hepatic lipase deficiency, abetalipoproteinemia, and familial chylomicronemia syndrome. Furthermore, polygenic scores for LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and triglycerides are calculated for each patient. We thus simultaneously document both rare and common genetic variants, allowing for a broad view of genetic predisposition for both individual patients and cohorts. For instance, among patients referred with severe hypertriglyceridemia, defined as ≥10 mmol/L (≥885 mg/dL), <1% have a mendelian disorder (ie, autosomal recessive familial chylomicronemia syndrome), ≈15% have heterozygous rare variants (a >3-fold increase over normolipidemic individuals), and ≈35% have an extreme polygenic score (a >3-fold increase over normolipidemic individuals). Other dyslipidemias show a different mix of genetic determinants. Genetic results are discussed with patients and can support clinical decision-making. Integrating DNA testing into clinical care allows for a bidirectional flow of information, which facilitates scientific discoveries and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Hegele
- From the Department of Medicine (R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry (R.A.H., J.S.D.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute (R.A.H., J.S.D.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline S. Dron
- Department of Biochemistry (R.A.H., J.S.D.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute (R.A.H., J.S.D.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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21
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McNeely KC, Dwyer ND. Cytokinesis and postabscission midbody remnants are regulated during mammalian brain development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9584-9593. [PMID: 32273386 PMCID: PMC7197019 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919658117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Building a brain of the proper size and structure requires neural stem cells (NSCs) to divide with tight temporal and spatial control to produce different daughter cell types in proper numbers and sequence. Mammalian NSCs in the embryonic cortex must maintain their polarized epithelial structure as they undergo both early proliferative divisions and later neurogenic divisions. To do this, they undergo a polarized form of cytokinesis at the apical membrane that is not well understood. Here, we investigate whether polarized furrowing and abscission in mouse NSCs are regulated differently at earlier and later stages and in a cytokinesis mutant, Kif20b This mutant was previously shown to have microcephaly and elevated apoptosis of NSCs. We developed methods to live image furrow ingression and midbody abscission in NSCs within cortical explants. We find that polarized furrow ingression occurs at a steady rate and completes in ∼15 min at two different ages. However, ingression is slower in a subset of Kif20b mutant NSCs. Abscission is usually observed on both sides of the midbody and takes 65 to 75 min to complete. Surprisingly, abscission is accelerated in the Kif20b mutant NSCs. Postabscission midbody remnants are observed at the apical membranes of daughter cells and are much more abundant in early-stage cortices. After NSC divisions in vitro, midbody remnants are more often retained on the daughter cells of early proliferative divisions. Altogether, these results suggest that regulation of abscission timing and midbody remnants in embryonic NSCs may influence proper brain growth and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina C McNeely
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Noelle D Dwyer
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908;
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22
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Tedeschi A, Almagro J, Renshaw MJ, Messal HA, Behrens A, Petronczki M. Cep55 promotes cytokinesis of neural progenitors but is dispensable for most mammalian cell divisions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1746. [PMID: 32269212 PMCID: PMC7142149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cell lines, the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III mediates abscission, the process that physically separates daughter cells and completes cell division. Cep55 protein is regarded as the master regulator of abscission, because it recruits ESCRT-III to the midbody (MB), the site of abscission. However, the importance of this mechanism in a mammalian organism has never been tested. Here we show that Cep55 is dispensable for mouse embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Cep55-knockout offspring show microcephaly and primary neural progenitors require Cep55 and ESCRT for survival and abscission. However, Cep55 is dispensable for cell division in embryonic or adult tissues. In vitro, division of primary fibroblasts occurs without Cep55 and ESCRT-III at the midbody and is not affected by ESCRT depletion. Our work defines Cep55 as an abscission regulator only in specific tissue contexts and necessitates the re-evaluation of an alternative ESCRT-independent cell division mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tedeschi
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- Cell Division and Aneuploidy Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, EN6 3LD, UK.
| | - Jorge Almagro
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Matthew J Renshaw
- Advanced Light Microscopy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hendrik A Messal
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Mark Petronczki
- Cell Division and Aneuploidy Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, EN6 3LD, UK
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, A-1121, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Barrie ES, Overwater E, van Haelst MM, Motazacker MM, Truxal KV, Crist E, Mostafavi R, Pivnick EK, Choudhri AF, Narumanchi T, Castelluccio V, Walsh LE, Garganta C, Gastier-Foster JM. Expanding the spectrum of CEP55-associated disease to viable phenotypes. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1201-1208. [PMID: 32100459 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Homozygosity for nonsense variants in CEP55 has been associated with a lethal condition characterized by multinucleated neurons, anhydramnios, renal dysplasia, cerebellar hypoplasia, and hydranencephaly (MARCH syndrome) also known as Meckel-like syndrome. Missense variants in CEP55 have not previously been reported in association with disease. Here we describe seven living individuals from five families with biallelic CEP55 variants. Four unrelated individuals with microcephaly, speech delays, and bilateral toe syndactyly all have a common CEP55 variant c.70G>A p.(Glu24Lys) in trans with nonsense variants. Three siblings are homozygous for a consensus splice site variant near the end of the gene. These affected girls all have severely delayed development, microcephaly, and varying degrees of lissencephaly/pachygyria. Here we compare our seven patients with three previously reported families with a prenatal lethal phenotype (MARCH syndrome/Meckel-like syndrome) due to homozygous CEP55 nonsense variants. Our series suggests that individuals with compound heterozygosity for nonsense and missense variants in CEP55 have a different viable phenotype. We show that homozygosity for a splice variant near the end of the CEP55 gene is also compatible with life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Barrie
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Eline Overwater
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke M van Haelst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Mahdi Motazacker
- Laboratory of Genome Diagnostics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kristen V Truxal
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Erin Crist
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Roya Mostafavi
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Eniko K Pivnick
- Department of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Asim F Choudhri
- Department of Radiology, Ophthalmology, and Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Valerie Castelluccio
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Laurence E Walsh
- Department of Neurology, Medical and Molecular Genetics, and Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Cheryl Garganta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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24
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Boycott KM, Campeau PM, Howley HE, Pavlidis P, Rogic S, Oriel C, Berman JN, Hamilton RM, Hicks GG, Lipshitz HD, Masson JY, Shoubridge EA, Junker A, Leroux MR, McMaster CR, Michaud JL, Turvey SE, Dyment D, Innes AM, van Karnebeek CD, Lehman A, Cohn RD, MacDonald IM, Rachubinski RA, Frosk P, Vandersteen A, Wozniak RW, Pena IA, Wen XY, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, Rankin C, Hieter P. The Canadian Rare Diseases Models and Mechanisms (RDMM) Network: Connecting Understudied Genes to Model Organisms. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:143-152. [PMID: 32032513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in genomics have transformed our ability to identify the genetic causes of rare diseases (RDs), yet we have a limited understanding of the mechanistic roles of most genes in health and disease. When a novel RD gene is first discovered, there is minimal insight into its biological function, the pathogenic mechanisms of disease-causing variants, and how therapy might be approached. To address this gap, the Canadian Rare Diseases Models and Mechanisms (RDMM) Network was established to connect clinicians discovering new disease genes with Canadian scientists able to study equivalent genes and pathways in model organisms (MOs). The Network is built around a registry of more than 500 Canadian MO scientists, representing expertise for over 7,500 human genes. RDMM uses a committee process to identify and evaluate clinician-MO scientist collaborations and approve 25,000 Canadian dollars in catalyst funding. To date, we have made 85 clinician-MO scientist connections and funded 105 projects. These collaborations help confirm variant pathogenicity and unravel the molecular mechanisms of RD, and also test novel therapies and lead to long-term collaborations. To expand the impact and reach of this model, we made the RDMM Registry open-source, portable, and customizable, and we freely share our committee structures and processes. We are currently working with emerging networks in Europe, Australia, and Japan to link international RDMM networks and registries and enable matches across borders. We will continue to create meaningful collaborations, generate knowledge, and advance RD research locally and globally for the benefit of patients and families living with RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym M Boycott
- CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Heather E Howley
- CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Paul Pavlidis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sanja Rogic
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christine Oriel
- Maternal Infant Child and Youth Research Network (MICYRN), Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jason N Berman
- CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Robert M Hamilton
- Labatt Family Heart Centre and Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Geoffrey G Hicks
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Howard D Lipshitz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Eric A Shoubridge
- Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Anne Junker
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Michel R Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - Jaques L Michaud
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - David Dyment
- CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Clara D van Karnebeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Ronald D Cohn
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ian M MacDonald
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Richard A Rachubinski
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Patrick Frosk
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada
| | - Anthony Vandersteen
- Department of Pediatrics, Maritime Medical Genetics Service, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Richard W Wozniak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Izabella A Pena
- CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Xiao-Yan Wen
- Zebrafish Centre for Advanced Drug Discovery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8
| | - Thierry Lacaze-Masmonteil
- Maternal Infant Child and Youth Research Network (MICYRN), Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Catharine Rankin
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Philip Hieter
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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25
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Two NEMO-like Ubiquitin-Binding Domains in CEP55 Differently Regulate Cytokinesis. iScience 2019; 20:292-309. [PMID: 31605944 PMCID: PMC6817665 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CEP55 regulates the final critical step of cell division termed cytokinetic abscission. We report herein that CEP55 contains two NEMO-like ubiquitin-binding domains (UBDs), NOA and ZF, which regulate its function in a different manner. In vitro studies of isolated domains showed that NOA adopts a dimeric coiled-coil structure, whereas ZF is based on a UBZ scaffold. Strikingly, CEP55 knocked-down HeLa cells reconstituted with the full-length CEP55 ubiquitin-binding defective mutants, containing structure-guided mutations either in NOACEP55 or ZFCEP55 domains, display severe abscission defects. In addition, the ZFCEP55 can be functionally replaced by some ZF-based UBDs belonging to the UBZ family, indicating that the essential function of ZFCEP55 is to act as ubiquitin receptor. Our work reveals an unexpected role of CEP55 in non-degradative ubiquitin signaling during cytokinetic abscission and provides a molecular basis as to how CEP55 mutations can lead to neurological disorders such as the MARCH syndrome.
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26
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Yanagi K, Sone R, Ohga R, Kawahara A. Involvement of the centrosomal protein 55 (cep55) gene in zebrafish head formation. Genes Cells 2019; 24:642-649. [PMID: 31365163 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian CEP55 (centrosomal protein 55 kDa) is a coiled-coil protein localized to the centrosome in interphase cells and is required for cytokinesis. A homozygous non-sense mutation in human CEP55 has been recently identified in perinatal lethal MARCH (multinucleated neurons, anhydramnios, renal dysplasia, cerebellar hypoplasia and hydranencephaly) syndrome. We have isolated zebrafish cep55 mutants defective in head morphology. The zebrafish cep55 gene was expressed in the head including the retina and the pectoral fin at 1 day post-fertilization (dpf), and extensive cell death was widely observed in the head and tail of the cep55 mutant. In the cep55 mutant, the anterior-posterior distance of the ventral pharyngeal arches was short, and retinal lamination was disorganized. Neural cells, such as islet1-positive cells and pax2-positive cells, and fli1b-positive vascular cells were reduced in the head of the cep55 mutant. Thus, we propose that the zebrafish cep55 mutant is a model organism for human MARCH syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanoko Yanagi
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Ryota Sone
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Rie Ohga
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kawahara
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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27
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Little JN, Dwyer ND. p53 deletion rescues lethal microcephaly in a mouse model with neural stem cell abscission defects. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:434-447. [PMID: 30304535 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Building a cerebral cortex of the proper size involves balancing rates and timing of neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, neurogenesis and cell death. The cellular mechanisms connecting genetic mutations to brain malformation phenotypes are still poorly understood. Microcephaly may result when NSC divisions are too slow, produce neurons too early or undergo apoptosis but the relative contributions of these cellular mechanisms to various types of microcephaly are not understood. We previously showed that mouse mutants in Kif20b (formerly called Mphosph1, Mpp1 or KRMP1) have small cortices that show elevated apoptosis and defects in maturation of NSC midbodies, which mediate cytokinetic abscission. Here we test the contribution of intrinsic NSC apoptosis to brain size reduction in this lethal microcephaly model. By making double mutants with the pro-apoptotic genes Bax and Trp53 (p53), we find that p53-dependent apoptosis of cortical NSCs accounts for most of the microcephaly, but that there is a significant apoptosis-independent contribution as well. Remarkably, heterozygous p53 deletion is sufficient to fully rescue survival of the Kif20b mutant into adulthood. In addition, the NSC midbody maturation defects are not rescued by p53 deletion, showing that they are either upstream of p53 activation, or in a parallel pathway. Accumulation of p53 in the nucleus of mutant NSCs at midbody stage suggests the possibility of a novel midbody-mediated pathway for p53 activation. This work elucidates both NSC apoptosis and abscission mechanisms that could underlie human microcephaly or other brain malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Neville Little
- Department of Cell Biology.,Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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28
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Ansar M, Ullah F, Paracha SA, Adams DJ, Lai A, Pais L, Iwaszkiewicz J, Millan F, Sarwar MT, Agha Z, Shah SF, Qaisar AA, Falconnet E, Zoete V, Ranza E, Makrythanasis P, Santoni FA, Ahmed J, Katsanis N, Walsh C, Davis EE, Antonarakis SE. Bi-allelic Variants in DYNC1I2 Cause Syndromic Microcephaly with Intellectual Disability, Cerebral Malformations, and Dysmorphic Facial Features. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:1073-1087. [PMID: 31079899 PMCID: PMC6556908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cargo transport along the cytoplasmic microtubular network is essential for neuronal function, and cytoplasmic dynein-1 is an established molecular motor that is critical for neurogenesis and homeostasis. We performed whole-exome sequencing, homozygosity mapping, and chromosomal microarray studies in five individuals from three independent pedigrees and identified likely-pathogenic variants in DYNC1I2 (Dynein Cytoplasmic 1 Intermediate Chain 2), encoding a component of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex. In a consanguineous Pakistani family with three affected individuals presenting with microcephaly, severe intellectual disability, simplification of cerebral gyration, corpus callosum hypoplasia, and dysmorphic facial features, we identified a homozygous splice donor site variant (GenBank: NM_001378.2:c.607+1G>A). We report two additional individuals who have similar neurodevelopmental deficits and craniofacial features and harbor deleterious variants; one individual bears a c.740A>G (p.Tyr247Cys) change in trans with a 374 kb deletion encompassing DYNC1I2, and an unrelated individual harbors the compound-heterozygous variants c.868C>T (p.Gln290∗) and c.740A>G (p.Tyr247Cys). Zebrafish larvae subjected to CRISPR-Cas9 gene disruption or transient suppression of dync1i2a displayed significantly altered craniofacial patterning with concomitant reduction in head size. We monitored cell death and cell cycle progression in dync1i2a zebrafish models and observed significantly increased apoptosis, likely due to prolonged mitosis caused by abnormal spindle morphology, and this finding offers initial insights into the cellular basis of microcephaly. Additionally, complementation studies in zebrafish demonstrate that p.Tyr247Cys attenuates gene function, consistent with protein structural analysis. Our genetic and functional data indicate that DYNC1I2 dysfunction probably causes an autosomal-recessive microcephaly syndrome and highlight further the critical roles of the dynein-1 complex in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Farid Ullah
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 45650 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohail A Paracha
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, 25100 Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Darius J Adams
- Atlantic Health System, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Abbe Lai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lynn Pais
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Mendelian Genomics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Justyna Iwaszkiewicz
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Batiment Genopode, Unil Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Muhammad T Sarwar
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, 25100 Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Agha
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, 45500 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sayyed Fahim Shah
- Department of Medicine, KMU Institute of Medical Sciences, 26000 Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Ali Qaisar
- Radiology Department, Lady Reading Hospital, 25000 Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Emilie Falconnet
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Batiment Genopode, Unil Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Fundamental Oncology, Lausanne University, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Route de la Corniche 9A, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Ranza
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Periklis Makrythanasis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Federico A Santoni
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jawad Ahmed
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, 25100 Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Christopher Walsh
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Center for Life Sciences, Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Mendelian Genomics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Erica E Davis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Stylianos E Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Kalimutho M, Sinha D, Jeffery J, Nones K, Srihari S, Fernando WC, Duijf PH, Vennin C, Raninga P, Nanayakkara D, Mittal D, Saunus JM, Lakhani SR, López JA, Spring KJ, Timpson P, Gabrielli B, Waddell N, Khanna KK. CEP55 is a determinant of cell fate during perturbed mitosis in breast cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708566. [PMID: 30108112 PMCID: PMC6127888 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosomal protein, CEP55, is a key regulator of cytokinesis, and its overexpression is linked to genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. However, the mechanism by which it mediates genomic instability remains elusive. Here, we showed that CEP55 overexpression/knockdown impacts survival of aneuploid cells. Loss of CEP55 sensitizes breast cancer cells to anti‐mitotic agents through premature CDK1/cyclin B activation and CDK1 caspase‐dependent mitotic cell death. Further, we showed that CEP55 is a downstream effector of the MEK1/2‐MYC axis. Blocking MEK1/2‐PLK1 signaling therefore reduced outgrowth of basal‐like syngeneic and human breast tumors in in vivo models. In conclusion, high CEP55 levels dictate cell fate during perturbed mitosis. Forced mitotic cell death by blocking MEK1/2‐PLK1 represents a potential therapeutic strategy for MYC‐CEP55‐dependent basal‐like, triple‐negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Kalimutho
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia .,School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
| | - Debottam Sinha
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
| | - Jessie Jeffery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Sriganesh Srihari
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Pascal Hg Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Claire Vennin
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Prahlad Raninga
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Deepak Mittal
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Jodi M Saunus
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia.,Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - J Alejandro López
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
| | - Kevin J Spring
- Liverpool Clinical School, University of Western Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia
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30
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An Amish founder variant consolidates disruption of CEP55 as a cause of hydranencephaly and renal dysplasia. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:657-662. [PMID: 30622327 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosomal protein 55 kDa (CEP55 (OMIM 610000)) plays a fundamental role in cell cycle regulation and cytokinesis. However, the precise role of CEP55 in human embryonic growth and development is yet to be fully defined. Here we identified a novel homozygous founder frameshift variant in CEP55, present at low frequency in the Amish community, in two siblings presenting with a lethal foetal disorder. The features of the condition are reminiscent of a Meckel-like syndrome comprising of Potter sequence, hydranencephaly, and cystic dysplastic kidneys. These findings, considered alongside two recent studies of single families reporting loss of function candidate variants in CEP55, confirm disruption of CEP55 function as a cause of this clinical spectrum and enable us to delineate the cardinal clinical features of this disorder, providing important new insights into early human development.
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31
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How Surrogate and Chemical Genetics in Model Organisms Can Suggest Therapies for Human Genetic Diseases. Genetics 2018; 208:833-851. [PMID: 29487144 PMCID: PMC5844338 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diseases are both inherited and acquired. Many genetic diseases fall under the paradigm of orphan diseases, a disease found in < 1 in 2000 persons. With rapid and cost-effective genome sequencing becoming the norm, many causal mutations for genetic diseases are being rapidly determined. In this regard, model organisms are playing an important role in validating if specific mutations identified in patients drive the observed phenotype. An emerging challenge for model organism researchers is the application of genetic and chemical genetic platforms to discover drug targets and drugs/drug-like molecules for potential treatment options for patients with genetic disease. This review provides an overview of how model organisms have contributed to our understanding of genetic disease, with a focus on the roles of yeast and zebrafish in gene discovery and the identification of compounds that could potentially treat human genetic diseases.
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32
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Zebrafish Models of Rare Hereditary Pediatric Diseases. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6020043. [PMID: 29789451 PMCID: PMC6023479 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in sequencing technologies have made it significantly easier to find the genetic roots of rare hereditary pediatric diseases. These novel methods are not panaceas, however, and they often give ambiguous results, highlighting multiple possible causative mutations in affected patients. Furthermore, even when the mapping results are unambiguous, the affected gene might be of unknown function. In these cases, understanding how a particular genotype can result in a phenotype also needs carefully designed experimental work. Model organism genetics can offer a straightforward experimental setup for hypothesis testing. Containing orthologs for over 80% of the genes involved in human diseases, zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as one of the top disease models over the past decade. A plethora of genetic tools makes it easy to create mutations in almost any gene of the zebrafish genome and these mutant strains can be used in high-throughput preclinical screens for active molecules. As this small vertebrate species offers several other advantages as well, its popularity in biomedical research is bound to increase, with “aquarium to bedside” drug development pipelines taking a more prevalent role in the near future.
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Guissart C, Latypova X, Rollier P, Khan TN, Stamberger H, McWalter K, Cho MT, Kjaergaard S, Weckhuysen S, Lesca G, Besnard T, Õunap K, Schema L, Chiocchetti AG, McDonald M, de Bellescize J, Vincent M, Van Esch H, Sattler S, Forghani I, Thiffault I, Freitag CM, Barbouth DS, Cadieux-Dion M, Willaert R, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Safina NP, Dubourg C, Grote L, Carré W, Saunders C, Pajusalu S, Farrow E, Boland A, Karlowicz DH, Deleuze JF, Wojcik MH, Pressman R, Isidor B, Vogels A, Van Paesschen W, Al-Gazali L, Al Shamsi AM, Claustres M, Pujol A, Sanders SJ, Rivier F, Leboucq N, Cogné B, Sasorith S, Sanlaville D, Retterer K, Odent S, Katsanis N, Bézieau S, Koenig M, Davis EE, Pasquier L, Küry S. Dual Molecular Effects of Dominant RORA Mutations Cause Two Variants of Syndromic Intellectual Disability with Either Autism or Cerebellar Ataxia. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:744-759. [PMID: 29656859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RORα, the RAR-related orphan nuclear receptor alpha, is essential for cerebellar development. The spontaneous mutant mouse staggerer, with an ataxic gait caused by neurodegeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells, was discovered two decades ago to result from homozygous intragenic Rora deletions. However, RORA mutations were hitherto undocumented in humans. Through a multi-centric collaboration, we identified three copy-number variant deletions (two de novo and one dominantly inherited in three generations), one de novo disrupting duplication, and nine de novo point mutations (three truncating, one canonical splice site, and five missense mutations) involving RORA in 16 individuals from 13 families with variable neurodevelopmental delay and intellectual disability (ID)-associated autistic features, cerebellar ataxia, and epilepsy. Consistent with the human and mouse data, disruption of the D. rerio ortholog, roraa, causes significant reduction in the size of the developing cerebellum. Systematic in vivo complementation studies showed that, whereas wild-type human RORA mRNA could complement the cerebellar pathology, missense variants had two distinct pathogenic mechanisms of either haploinsufficiency or a dominant toxic effect according to their localization in the ligand-binding or DNA-binding domains, respectively. This dichotomous direction of effect is likely relevant to the phenotype in humans: individuals with loss-of-function variants leading to haploinsufficiency show ID with autistic features, while individuals with de novo dominant toxic variants present with ID, ataxia, and cerebellar atrophy. Our combined genetic and functional data highlight the complex mutational landscape at the human RORA locus and suggest that dual mutational effects likely determine phenotypic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Guissart
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU and Université de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Xenia Latypova
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Paul Rollier
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de causes rares" (CRDI), Centre de référence anomalies du développement CLAD-Ouest, CHU Rennes, 35203 Rennes, France
| | - Tahir N Khan
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Hannah Stamberger
- Division of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Neurogenetics Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Megan T Cho
- GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Susanne Kjaergaard
- Chromosome Laboratory, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- Division of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Neurogenetics Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Service de génétique, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Besnard
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 2 L.Puusepa street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Lynn Schema
- University of Minnesota-Fairview, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Andreas G Chiocchetti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Deutschordenstraße 50, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany
| | - Marie McDonald
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Julitta de Bellescize
- Epilepsy, Sleep and Pediatric Neurophysiology Department, Hospices Civils, Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Irman Forghani
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, BRB, room 359 (M-860), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; University of Missouri Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Deutschordenstraße 50, Frankfurt am Main 60528, Germany
| | - Deborah Sara Barbouth
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, BRB, room 359 (M-860), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Maxime Cadieux-Dion
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | | | | | - Nicole P Safina
- University of Missouri Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire & Génomique, CHU de Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Lauren Grote
- University of Missouri Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Wilfrid Carré
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire & Génomique, CHU de Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Carol Saunders
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; University of Missouri Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 2 L.Puusepa street, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Emily Farrow
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; University of Missouri Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, DRF, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Danielle Hays Karlowicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, DRF, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Monica H Wojcik
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rena Pressman
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, BRB, room 359 (M-860), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Annick Vogels
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Paesschen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mireille Claustres
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU and Université de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, IDIBELL, Gran Via, 199, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, and CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, 08908 Barcelona, Spain, Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - François Rivier
- Department of Neuropaediatrics and CR Maladies Neuromusculaires, CHU Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Leboucq
- Neuroradiologie, CHU de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Souphatta Sasorith
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU and Université de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Sanlaville
- Service de génétique, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Kyle Retterer
- GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de causes rares" (CRDI), Centre de référence anomalies du développement CLAD-Ouest, CHU Rennes, 35203 Rennes, France; CNRS UMR 6290, Université de Rennes, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Michel Koenig
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU and Université de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Erica E Davis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de causes rares" (CRDI), Centre de référence anomalies du développement CLAD-Ouest, CHU Rennes, 35203 Rennes, France
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
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Gao K, Zhang Y, Shi Q, Zhang J, Zhang L, Sun H, Jiao D, Zhao X, Tao H, Wei Y, Wang Y, Saiyin H, Zhao SM, Li Y, Zhang P, Wang C. iASPP-PP1 complex is required for cytokinetic abscission by controlling CEP55 dephosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:528. [PMID: 29743530 PMCID: PMC5943338 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the last step of cell division and is concluded by the abscission of the intercellular bridge that connects two daughter cells. The tight regulation of cytokinesis completion is essential because cytokinesis failure is associated with various human diseases. Here, we report that iASPP, a member of the apoptosis-stimulating proteins of p53 (ASPP) family, is required for proper cell division. iASPP depletion results in abnormal midbody structure and failed cytokinesis. We used protein affinity purification methods to identify the functional partners of iASPP. We found that iASPP associates with centrosomal protein of 55 kDa (CEP55), an important cytokinetic abscission regulator. Mechanically, iASPP acts as a PP1-targeting subunit to facilitate the interaction between PP1 and CEP55 and to remove PLK1-mediated Ser436 phosphorylation in CEP55 during late mitosis. The latter step is critical for the timely recruitment of CEP55 to the midbody. The present observations revealed a previously unrecognized function of iASPP in cytokinesis. This function, in turn, likely contributes to the roles of iASPP in tumor development and genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiru Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyue Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiayin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongru Tao
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Youheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingzhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chenji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Sinha D, Kalimutho M, Bowles J, Chan AL, Merriner DJ, Bain AL, Simmons JL, Freire R, Lopez JA, Hobbs RM, O'Bryan MK, Khanna KK. Cep55 overexpression causes male-specific sterility in mice by suppressing Foxo1 nuclear retention through sustained activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. FASEB J 2018; 32:4984-4999. [PMID: 29683733 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701096rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a dynamic process involving self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells, meiosis, and ultimately, the differentiation of haploid spermatids into sperm. Centrosomal protein 55 kDa (CEP55) is necessary for somatic cell abscission during cytokinesis. It facilitates equal segregation of cytoplasmic contents between daughter cells by recruiting endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery (ESCRT) at the midbody. In germ cells, CEP55, in partnership with testes expressed-14 (TEX14) protein, has also been shown to be an integral component of intercellular bridge before meiosis. Various in vitro studies have demonstrated a role for CEP55 in multiple cancers and other diseases. However, its oncogenic potential in vivo remains elusive. To investigate, we generated ubiquitously overexpressing Cep55 transgenic ( Cep55Tg/Tg) mice aiming to characterize its oncogenic role in cancer. Unexpectedly, we found that Cep55Tg/Tg male mice were sterile and had severe and progressive defects in spermatogenesis related to spermatogenic arrest and lack of spermatids in the testes. In this study, we characterized this male-specific phenotype and showed that excessively high levels of Cep55 results in hyperactivation of PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling in testis. In line with this finding, we observed increased phosphorylation of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), and suppression of its nuclear retention, along with the relative enrichment of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) -positive cells. Independently, we observed that Cep55 amplification favored upregulation of ret ( Ret) proto-oncogene and glial-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α-1 ( Gfra1). Consistent with these data, we observed selective down-regulation of genes associated with germ cell differentiation in Cep55-overexpressing testes at postnatal day 10, including early growth response-4 ( Egr4) and spermatogenesis and oogenesis specific basic helix-loop-helix-1 ( Sohlh1). Thus, Cep55 amplification leads to a shift toward the initial maintenance of undifferentiated spermatogonia and ultimately results in progressive germ cell loss. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Cep55 overexpression causes change in germ cell proportions and manifests as a Sertoli cell only tubule phenotype, similar to that seen in many azoospermic men.-Sinha, D., Kalimutho, M., Bowles, J., Chan, A.-L., Merriner, D. J., Bain, A. L., Simmons, J. L., Freire, R., Lopez, J. A., Hobbs, R. M., O'Bryan, M. K., Khanna, K. K. Cep55 overexpression causes male-specific sterility in mice by suppressing Foxo1 nuclear retention through sustained activation of PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debottam Sinha
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Murugan Kalimutho
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Josephine Bowles
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ai-Leen Chan
- Germline Stem Cell Laboratory, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Jo Merriner
- Male Infertility and Germ Cell Biology Laboratory, the School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Amanda L Bain
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacinta L Simmons
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raimundo Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J Alejandro Lopez
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robin M Hobbs
- Germline Stem Cell Laboratory, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- Male Infertility and Germ Cell Biology Laboratory, the School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Haploinsufficiency of the Chromatin Remodeler BPTF Causes Syndromic Developmental and Speech Delay, Postnatal Microcephaly, and Dysmorphic Features. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:503-515. [PMID: 28942966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor (BPTF) is the largest subunit of nucleosome remodeling factor (NURF), a member of the ISWI chromatin-remodeling complex. However, the clinical consequences of disruption of this complex remain largely uncharacterized. BPTF is required for anterior-posterior axis formation of the mouse embryo and was shown to promote posterior neuroectodermal fate by enhancing Smad2-activated wnt8 expression in zebrafish. Here, we report eight loss-of-function and two missense variants (eight de novo and two of unknown origin) in BPTF on 17q24.2. The BPTF variants were found in unrelated individuals aged between 2.1 and 13 years, who manifest variable degrees of developmental delay/intellectual disability (10/10), speech delay (10/10), postnatal microcephaly (7/9), and dysmorphic features (9/10). Using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing of bptf in zebrafish to induce a loss of gene function, we observed a significant reduction in head size of F0 mutants compared to control larvae. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and phospho-histone H3 (PH3) staining to assess apoptosis and cell proliferation, respectively, showed a significant increase in cell death in F0 mutants compared to controls. Additionally, we observed a substantial increase of the ceratohyal angle of the craniofacial skeleton in bptf F0 mutants, indicating abnormal craniofacial patterning. Taken together, our data demonstrate the pathogenic role of BPTF haploinsufficiency in syndromic neurodevelopmental anomalies and extend the clinical spectrum of human disorders caused by ablation of chromatin remodeling complexes.
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Johnson CA, Wright CE, Ghashghaei HT. Regulation of cytokinesis during corticogenesis: focus on the midbody. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:4009-4026. [PMID: 28493553 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of the cerebral cortices depends on tight regulation of cell divisions. In this system, stem and progenitor cells undergo symmetric and asymmetric divisions to ultimately produce neurons that establish the layers of the cortex. Cell division culminates with the formation of the midbody, a transient organelle that establishes the site of abscission between nascent daughter cells. During cytokinetic abscission, the final stage of cell division, one daughter cell will inherit the midbody remnant, which can then maintain or expel the remnant, but mechanisms and circumstances influencing this decision are unclear. This review describes the midbody and its constituent proteins, as well as the known consequences of their manipulation during cortical development. The potential functional relevance of midbody mechanisms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Neurosciences Concentration Area, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Catherine E Wright
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - H Troy Ghashghaei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Neurosciences Concentration Area, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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A nonsense mutation inCEP55defines a new locus for a Meckel-like syndrome, an autosomal recessive lethal fetal ciliopathy. Clin Genet 2017; 92:510-516. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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