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Tian Y, Zhang M, Liu LX, Wang ZC, Liu B, Huang Y, Wang X, Ling YZ, Wang F, Feng X, Tu Y. Exploring non-coding RNA mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for therapy and prognosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1400744. [PMID: 38799446 PMCID: PMC11116607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant contributor to cancer-related deaths in the world. The development and progression of HCC are closely correlated with the abnormal regulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Important biological pathways in cancer biology, such as cell proliferation, death, and metastasis, are impacted by these ncRNAs, which modulate gene expression. The abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs in HCC raises the possibility that they could be applied as new biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment targets. Furthermore, by controlling the expression of cancer-related genes, miRNAs can function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. On the other hand, lncRNAs play a role in the advancement of cancer by interacting with other molecules within the cell, which, in turn, affects processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcription, and post-transcriptional processes. The importance of ncRNA-driven regulatory systems in HCC is being highlighted by current research, which sheds light on tumor behavior and therapy response. This research highlights the great potential of ncRNAs to improve patient outcomes in this difficult disease landscape by augmenting the present methods of HCC care through the use of precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL, United States
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Li-xia Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zi-chao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Youcai Huang
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-zhi Ling
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People’s Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
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2
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Szoszkiewicz A, Bukowska-Olech E, Jamsheer A. Molecular landscape of congenital vertebral malformations: recent discoveries and future directions. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:32. [PMID: 38291488 PMCID: PMC10829358 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Vertebral malformations (VMs) pose a significant global health problem, causing chronic pain and disability. Vertebral defects occur as isolated conditions or within the spectrum of various congenital disorders, such as Klippel-Feil syndrome, congenital scoliosis, spondylocostal dysostosis, sacral agenesis, and neural tube defects. Although both genetic abnormalities and environmental factors can contribute to abnormal vertebral development, our knowledge on molecular mechanisms of numerous VMs is still limited. Furthermore, there is a lack of resource that consolidates the current knowledge in this field. In this pioneering review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the latest research on the molecular basis of VMs and the association of the VMs-related causative genes with bone developmental signaling pathways. Our study identifies 118 genes linked to VMs, with 98 genes involved in biological pathways crucial for the formation of the vertebral column. Overall, the review summarizes the current knowledge on VM genetics, and provides new insights into potential involvement of biological pathways in VM pathogenesis. We also present an overview of available data regarding the role of epigenetic and environmental factors in VMs. We identify areas where knowledge is lacking, such as precise molecular mechanisms in which specific genes contribute to the development of VMs. Finally, we propose future research avenues that could address knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szoszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Bukowska-Olech
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Dąbrowskiego 77A, 60-529, Poznan, Poland.
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3
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Simmers MD, Hudson KM, Baptissart M, Cowley M. Epigenetic control of the imprinted growth regulator Cdkn1c in cadmium-induced placental dysfunction. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2088173. [PMID: 35770551 PMCID: PMC10989690 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2088173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal ubiquitous in the environment. In utero, Cd is inefficiently transported to the foetus but causes foetal growth restriction (FGR), likely through impairment of the placenta where Cd accumulates. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Cd can modulate the expression of imprinted genes, defined by their transcription from one parental allele, which play critical roles in placental and foetal growth. The expression of imprinted genes is governed by DNA methylation at Imprinting Control Regions (ICRs), which are susceptible to environmental perturbation. The imprinted gene Cdkn1c/CDKN1C is a major regulator of placental development, is implicated in FGR, and shows increased expression in response to Cd exposure in mice. Here, we use a hybrid mouse model of in utero Cd exposure to determine if the increase in placental Cdkn1c expression is caused by changes to ICR DNA methylation and loss of imprinting (LOI). Consistent with prior studies, Cd causes FGR and impacts placental structure and Cdkn1c expression at late gestation. Using polymorphisms to distinguish parental alleles, we demonstrate that increased Cdkn1c expression is not driven by changes to DNA methylation or LOI. We show that Cdkn1c is expressed primarily in the placental labyrinth which is proportionally increased in size in response to Cd. We conclude that the Cd-associated increase in Cdkn1c expression can be fully explained by alterations to placental structure. These results have implications for understanding mechanisms of Cd-induced placental dysfunction and, more broadly, for the study of FGR associated with increased Cdkn1c/CDKN1C expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Simmers
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, and Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCUSA
| | - Kathleen M. Hudson
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, and Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCUSA
| | - Marine Baptissart
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, and Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCUSA
| | - Michael Cowley
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, and Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCUSA
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4
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Dimond A, Van de Pette M, Taylor-Bateman V, Brown K, Sardini A, Whilding C, Feytout A, Prinjha RK, Merkenschlager M, Fisher AG. Drug-induced loss of imprinting revealed using bioluminescent reporters of Cdkn1c. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5626. [PMID: 37024615 PMCID: PMC10079848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetically mediated mechanism that regulates allelic expression of genes based upon parent-of-origin and provides a paradigm for studying epigenetic silencing and release. Here, bioluminescent reporters for the maternally-expressed imprinted gene Cdkn1c are used to examine the capacity of chromatin-modifying drugs to reverse paternal Cdkn1c silencing. Exposure of reporter mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to 5-Azacytidine, HDAC inhibitors, BET inhibitors or GSK-J4 (KDM6A/B inhibitor) relieved repression of paternal Cdkn1c, either selectively or by inducing biallelic effects. Treatment of reporter fibroblasts with HDAC inhibitors or GSK-J4 resulted in similar paternal Cdkn1c activation, whereas BET inhibitor-induced loss of imprinting was specific to mESCs. Changes in allelic expression were generally not sustained in dividing cultures upon drug removal, indicating that the underlying epigenetic memory of silencing was maintained. In contrast, Cdkn1c de-repression by GSK-J4 was retained in both mESCs and fibroblasts following inhibitor removal, although this impact may be linked to cellular stress and DNA damage. Taken together, these data introduce bioluminescent reporter cells as tools for studying epigenetic silencing and disruption, and demonstrate that Cdkn1c imprinting requires distinct and cell-type specific chromatin features and modifying enzymes to enact and propagate a memory of silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dimond
- Epigenetic Memory Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Mathew Van de Pette
- Epigenetic Memory Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Victoria Taylor-Bateman
- Epigenetic Memory Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Karen Brown
- Epigenetic Memory Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alessandro Sardini
- Whole Animal Physiology and Imaging, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chad Whilding
- Microscopy Facility, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Amelie Feytout
- Epigenetic Memory Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Immunology and Epigenetics Research Unit, Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, Herts, UK
| | - Matthias Merkenschlager
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Amanda G Fisher
- Epigenetic Memory Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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5
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Kovach AR, Oristian KM, Kirsch DG, Bentley RC, Cheng C, Chen X, Chen P, Chi JA, Linardic CM. Identification and targeting of a
HES1‐YAP1‐CDKN1C
functional interaction in fusion‐negative rhabdomyosarcoma. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3587-3605. [PMID: 36037042 PMCID: PMC9580881 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a cancer characterized by features of skeletal muscle, is the most common soft‐tissue sarcoma of childhood. With 5‐year survival rates among high‐risk groups at < 30%, new therapeutics are desperately needed. Previously, using a myoblast‐based model of fusion‐negative RMS (FN‐RMS), we found that expression of the Hippo pathway effector transcriptional coactivator YAP1 (YAP1) permitted senescence bypass and subsequent transformation to malignant cells, mimicking FN‐RMS. We also found that YAP1 engages in a positive feedback loop with Notch signaling to promote FN‐RMS tumorigenesis. However, we could not identify an immediate downstream impact of this Hippo‐Notch relationship. Here, we identify a HES1‐YAP1‐CDKN1C functional interaction, and show that knockdown of the Notch effector HES1 (Hes family BHLH transcription factor 1) impairs growth of multiple FN‐RMS cell lines, with knockdown resulting in decreased YAP1 and increased CDKN1C expression. In silico mining of published proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of human RMS patient‐derived xenografts revealed the same pattern of HES1‐YAP1‐CDKN1C expression. Treatment of FN‐RMS cells in vitro with the recently described HES1 small‐molecule inhibitor, JI130, limited FN‐RMS cell growth. Inhibition of HES1 in vivo via conditional expression of a HES1‐directed shRNA or JI130 dosing impaired FN‐RMS tumor xenograft growth. Lastly, targeted transcriptomic profiling of FN‐RMS xenografts in the context of HES1 suppression identified associations between HES1 and RAS‐MAPK signaling. In summary, these in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies support the further investigation of HES1 as a therapeutic target in FN‐RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Kovach
- Department of Pediatrics Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Kristianne M Oristian
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Rex C Bentley
- Department of Pathology Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - Changde Cheng
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN USA
| | - Po‐Han Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Jen‐Tsan Ashley Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Corinne M Linardic
- Department of Pediatrics Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
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Molecular Basis of Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome Spectrum with Associated Tumors and Consequences for Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133083. [PMID: 35804856 PMCID: PMC9265096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS, OMIM 130650) is an inborn overgrowth disorder caused by molecular alterations in chromosome 11p15.5. These molecular changes affect so-called imprinted genes, i.e., genes which underlie a complex regulation which is linked to the parental origin of the gene copy. Thus, either the maternal gene copy is expressed or the paternal, but this balanced regulation is prone to disturbances. In fact, different types of molecular variants have been identified in BWS, resulting in a variable phenotype; thus, it was consented that the syndromic entity was extended to the Beckwith–Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp). Some molecular subgroups of BWSp are associated with an increased embryonic tumor risk and have different likelihoods for specific tumors. Therefore, the precise determination of the molecular subgroup is needed for precise monitoring and treatment, but the molecular diagnostic procedure has several limitations and challenges which have to be considered. Abstract Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS, OMIM 130650) is a congenital imprinting condition with a heterogenous clinical presentation of overgrowth and an increased childhood cancer risk (mainly nephroblastoma, hepatoblastoma or neuroblastoma). Due to the varying clinical presentation encompassing classical, clinical BWS without a molecular diagnosis and BWS-related phenotypes with an 11p15.5 molecular anomaly, the syndromic entity was extended to the Beckwith–Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp). The tumor risk of up to 30% depends on the molecular subtype of BWSp with causative genetic or epigenetic alterations in the chromosomal region 11p15.5. The molecular diagnosis of BWSp can be challenging for several reasons, including the range of causative molecular mechanisms which are frequently mosaic. The molecular basis of tumor formation appears to relate to stalled cellular differentiation in certain organs that predisposes persisting embryonic cells to accumulate additional molecular defects, which then results in a range of embryonal tumors. The molecular subtype of BWSp not only influences the overall risk of neoplasia, but also the likelihood of specific embryonal tumors.
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Ongoing Challenges in the Diagnosis of 11p15.5-Associated Imprinting Disorders. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:263-272. [PMID: 35522427 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The overgrowth disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and the growth restriction disorder Silver-Russell syndrome have been described as 'mirror' syndromes, in both their clinical features and molecular causes. Clinically, their nonspecific features, focused around continuous variables of atypical growth, make it hard to set diagnostic thresholds that are pragmatic without potentially excluding some cases. Molecularly, both are imprinting disorders, classically associated with 'opposite' genetic and epigenetic changes to genes on chromosome 11p15, but both are associated with somatic mosaicism as well as an increasing range of alternative (epi)genetic changes to other genes, which make molecular diagnosis an increasingly complex process. In this Current Opinion, we explore how the understanding of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Silver-Russell syndrome has evolved in recent years, stretching the canonical 'mirror' designations in different ways for the two disorders and how this is changing clinical and molecular diagnosis. We suggest some possible directions of travel toward more timely and stratified diagnosis, so that patients can access the early interventions that are so critical for good outcome.
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Winkler L, Dimitrova N. A mechanistic view of long noncoding RNAs in cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 13:e1699. [PMID: 34668345 PMCID: PMC9016092 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important modulators of a wide range of biological processes in normal and disease states. In particular, lncRNAs have garnered significant interest as novel players in the molecular pathology of cancer, spurring efforts to define the functions, and elucidate the mechanisms through which cancer‐associated lncRNAs operate. In this review, we discuss the prevalent mechanisms employed by lncRNAs, with a critical assessment of the methodologies used to determine each molecular function. We survey the abilities of cancer‐associated lncRNAs to enact diverse trans functions throughout the nucleus and in the cytoplasm and examine the local roles of cis‐acting lncRNAs in modulating the expression of neighboring genes. In linking lncRNA functions and mechanisms to their roles in cancer biology, we contend that a detailed molecular understanding of lncRNA functionality is key to elucidating their contributions to tumorigenesis and to unlocking their therapeutic potential. This article is categorized under:Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Winkler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nadya Dimitrova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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9
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High Maternal Serum Estradiol in First Trimester of Multiple Pregnancy Contributes to Small for Gestational Age via DNMT1-Mediated CDKN1C Upregulation. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1368-1378. [PMID: 34580843 PMCID: PMC8907102 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
High maternal serum estradiol (E2) levels in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with a high incidence of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of first-trimester high maternal serum E2 levels on fetal growth and the underlying mechanisms in multiple pregnancies. Maternal serum E2 levels of women at 8 weeks of gestation were measured. The expression levels of imprinted genes and DNMT1 were determined by RT-qPCR, and KvDMR1 methylation in embryo tissue, placenta, and newborn cord blood samples was examined by bisulfite sequencing PCR. The effect of E2 on CDKN1C expression was investigated in HTR8 cells. The incidence of SGA was significantly higher in multiple pregnancies reduced to singleton than that in primary singleton pregnancies (11.4% vs. 2.9%) (P < 0.01) and multiple pregnancies reduced to twins than primary twins (38.5% vs. 27.3%) (P < 0.01). The maternal serum E2 level at 8 weeks of gestation increased with the number of fetuses and was negatively correlated with offspring birth weight. CDKN1C and DNMT1 expression was significantly upregulated in embryo tissue, placenta, and cord blood from multiple pregnancies. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between CDKN1C mRNA expression and KvDMR1 methylation levels. In HTR8 cells, DNMT1 mediated the estrogen-induced upregulation of CDKN1C, which might contribute to SGA. To minimize the risks of LBW and SGA, our findings suggest that abnormally high maternal serum E2 levels should be avoided during the first trimester of multiple pregnancies from assisted reproductive technology (ART).
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10
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Bolomiti M, Båtnes-Pedersen E, Telman G, Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska D. A Case report: Co-occurrence of IMAGe syndrome and Rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Genet 2021; 256-257:100-105. [PMID: 34098225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IMAGe syndrome is a rare congenital disorder, presenting with intrauterine growth restriction, metaphyseal dysplasia, adrenal hypoplasia congenita and genital anomalies (in males). So far only 17 individuals have been diagnosed molecularly with IMAGe syndrome, this patient is the first case of an individual diagnosed with IMAGe and concurrent rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient was born at 30 weeks' gestation and received treatment for hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. At 4 9/12 years of age the patient showed a painless, non-mobile mass on the left thigh. In the biopsy performed a sarcoma weave with solid, nest-like growth, with characteristics of rhabdomyosarcoma was identified. The family history and physical examination indicated IMAGe syndrome so genetic testing was requested. A whole exome sequencing procedure with use of SureSelectXT Human ALL Exon V7, confirmed a single nucleotide variant NM_000076.2(CDKN1C):c.820G>A (p.Asp274Asn); identifying a missense mutation in the imprinted gene CDKN1C associated with IMAGe syndrome. Although tumours associated with CDKN1C are rare, deregulation of imprinted genes is increasingly being recognised as a mechanism of tumorigenesis in cancer; chromosomal region 11p15.5 contains a cluster of imprinted genes. This same region is the most consistent site of allele loss in rhabdomyosarcoma and is the same region altered in both IMAGe and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Molecular studies have found genetic changes in the 11p15 region in a variety of embryonal tumours like Wilms tumours which are commonly developed in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Through this case we aim to present the possibility of oncogenesis in patients with IMAGe syndrome, specifically rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bolomiti
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-512, Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Gabriela Telman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Street 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Danuta Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Street 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland.
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11
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Huang TC, Chang KC, Chang JY, Tsai YS, Yang YJ, Chang WC, Mo CF, Yu PH, Chiang CT, Lin SP, Kuo PL. Variants in Maternal Effect Genes and Relaxed Imprinting Control in a Special Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia Case with Mild Trophoblast Hyperplasia. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050544. [PMID: 34068021 PMCID: PMC8152467 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) and partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) placentas share similar characteristics, such as placental overgrowth and grape-like placental tissues. Distinguishing PMD from PHM is critical because the former can result in normal birth, while the latter diagnosis will lead to artificial abortion. Aneuploidy and altered dosage of imprinted gene expression are implicated in the pathogenesis of PHM and also some of the PMD cases. Diandric triploidy is the main cause of PHM, whereas mosaic diploid androgenetic cells in the placental tissue have been associated with the formation of PMD. Here, we report a very special PMD case also presenting with trophoblast hyperplasia phenotype, which is a hallmark of PHM. This PMD placenta has a normal biparental diploid karyotype and is functionally sufficient to support normal fetal growth. We took advantage of this unique case to further dissected the potential common etiology between these two diseases. We show that the differentially methylated region (DMR) at NESP55, a secondary DMR residing in the GNAS locus, is significantly hypermethylated in the PMD placenta. Furthermore, we found heterozygous mutations in NLRP2 and homozygous variants in NLRP7 in the mother’s genome. NLRP2 and NLRP7 are known maternal effect genes, and their mutation in pregnant females affects fetal development. The variants/mutations in both genes have been associated with imprinting defects in mole formation and potentially contributed to the mild abnormal imprinting observed in this case. Finally, we identified heterozygous mutations in the X-linked ATRX gene, a known maternal–zygotic imprinting regulator in the patient. Overall, our study demonstrates that PMD and PHM may share overlapping etiologies with the defective/relaxed dosage control of imprinted genes, representing two extreme ends of a spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Chi Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (T.-C.H.); (J.-Y.C.); (W.-C.C.); (C.-F.M.)
| | - Kung-Chao Chang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Jen-Yun Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (T.-C.H.); (J.-Y.C.); (W.-C.C.); (C.-F.M.)
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Department of Radiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Jong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chun Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (T.-C.H.); (J.-Y.C.); (W.-C.C.); (C.-F.M.)
| | - Chu-Fan Mo
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (T.-C.H.); (J.-Y.C.); (W.-C.C.); (C.-F.M.)
| | - Pei-Hsiu Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan 700, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Chiang
- Department and Graduated Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Shau-Ping Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (T.-C.H.); (J.-Y.C.); (W.-C.C.); (C.-F.M.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-P.L.); (P.-L.K.)
| | - Pao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-P.L.); (P.-L.K.)
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12
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Oveisi A, Vahdati A, Shahhoseini M, Favaedi R, Maroufizadeh S, Movaghar B. Ovulation Induction Changes Epigenetic Marks of Imprinting Genes in Mice Fetus Organs. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:99-108. [PMID: 33650826 PMCID: PMC7944133 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.6953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that plays a critical role in normal development of embryo.
Using exogenous hormones during assisted reproductive technology (ART) can change an organism hormonal profile
and subsequently affect epigenetic events. Ovarian stimulation changes gene expression and epigenetic pattern of
imprinted genes in the organs of mouse fetus.
Materials and Methods For this experimental study, expression of three imprinted genes H19, Igf2 (Insulin-like growth
factor 2) and Cdkn1c (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C), which have important roles in development of placenta
and embryo, and the epigenetic profile of their regulatory region in some tissues of 19-days-old female fetuses, from
female mice subjected to ovarian stimulation, were evaluated by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR)
and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) methods.
Results H19 gene was significantly lower in heart (P<0.05), liver (P<0.05), lung (P<0.01), placenta (P<0.01) and ovary
(P<0.01). It was significantly higher in kidney of ovarian stimulation group compared to control fetuses (P<0.05). Igf2
expression was significantly higher in brain (P<0.05) and kidney (P<0.05), while it was significantly lower in lung of
experimental group fetuses in comparison with control fetuses (P<0.05). Cdkn1c expression was significantly higher in
lung (P<0.05). It was significantly decreased in placenta of experimental group fetuses rather than the control fetuses
(P<0.05). Histone modification data and DNA methylation data were in accordance to the gene expression profiles.
Conclusion Results showed altered gene expressions in line with changes in epigenetic pattern of their promoters in
the ovarian stimulation group, compared to normal cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Oveisi
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran.,Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akbar Vahdati
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran.,Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahhoseini
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Raha Favaedi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Maroufizadeh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bahar Movaghar
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Chen J, Xu J, Yu Y, Sun L. Case Report: A Novel Deletion in the 11p15 Region Causing a Familial Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome. Front Genet 2021; 12:621096. [PMID: 33679886 PMCID: PMC7933649 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.621096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS; OMIM 130650) is a human overgrowth and cancer susceptibility disorder with a wide clinical spectrum, which cannot be predicted based on genomic variants alone. Most reports on BWS cases focus on childhood patients. Studies on adult BWS patients are scarce. Our study reports a BWS family in which the disorder appears to be caused by deletion of H19 and its upstream regulatory elements. Genetic analysis showed a heterozygous microdeletion (~chr11:2009895-2070570 (GRCh37)) in the patients. Maternal deletion in H19 can result in loss of function of the IGF2-H19 imprinting control element, which leads to BWS. The male proband in this family was affected by the testicular anomaly and cryptorchidism. Early orchidopexy did not rescue his azoospermia, which might be not the consequence of cryptorchidism, but due to genetic defects associated with H19 deletion. In summary, our study gives some insights on the presentation of BWS in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Technology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Technology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Technology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Technology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Villanueva-Hayes C, Millership SJ. Imprinted Genes Impact Upon Beta Cell Function in the Current (and Potentially Next) Generation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:660532. [PMID: 33986727 PMCID: PMC8112240 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.660532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta cell failure lies at the centre of the aetiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and the epigenetic control of the expression of critical beta cell genes appears to play a major role in this decline. One such group of epigenetically-controlled genes, termed 'imprinted' genes, are characterised by transgenerational monoallelic expression due to differential allelic DNA methylation and play key functional roles within beta cells. Here, we review the evidence for this functional importance of imprinted genes in beta cells as well as their nutritional regulation by the diet and their altered methylation and/or expression in rodent models of diabetes and in type 2 diabetic islets. We also discuss imprinted genes in the context of the next generation, where dietary overnutrition in the parents can lead to their deregulation in the offspring, alongside beta cell dysfunction and defective glucose handling. Both the modulation of imprinted gene expression and the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood are susceptible to the impact of nutritional status in early life. Imprinted loci, therefore, represent an excellent opportunity with which to assess epigenomic changes in beta cells due to the diet in both the current and next generation.
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15
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Miranda Furtado CL, Salomão KB, Verruma CG, Paulino Leite SB, Lopes Rios ÁF, Bialecka M, Moustakas I, Mei H, de Paz CCP, Duarte G, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Ramos ES. Variation in DNA methylation in the KvDMR1 (ICR2) region in first-trimester human pregnancies. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:1186-1193. [PMID: 30922639 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the levels of DNA methylation in the KvDMR1 (KvLQT1 differentially methylated region 1) in embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University medical center and clinical hospital. PATIENT(S) Embryonic and/or extraembryonic tissues (umbilical cord, chorionic villus, chorion, decidua, and/or amnion) collected from 27 first-trimester pregnancies (up to 12 weeks of gestation, single embryos) from elective abortions, extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) from the top of individual chorionic villi, and chorionic villi from 10 normal full-term placentas collected after birth. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) DNA methylation of the KvDMR1 region evaluated using quantitative analysis of DNA methylation followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qAMP) and bisulfite sequencing (bis-seq) analysis. RESULT(S) The results showed variability in KvDMR1 DNA methylation in different tissues from the same pregnancy. The average of DNA methylation was not different between the embryo, umbilical cord, amnion, and chorionic villi, despite the relatively low level of methylation observed in the amnion (33.50% ± 14.48%). Chorionic villi from term placentas showed a normal methylation pattern at KvDMR1 (42.60% ± 6.08%). The normal methylation pattern at KvDMR1 in chorionic villi (as well as in EVTs) from first-trimester placentas was confirmed by bis-seq. CONCLUSION(S) Our results highlight an existing heterogeneity in DNA methylation of the KvDMR1 region during first trimester and a consistent hypomethylation in the amnion in this period of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Libardi Miranda Furtado
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Bezerra Salomão
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gennari Verruma
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Álvaro Fabrício Lopes Rios
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goitacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monika Bialecka
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Moustakas
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Cristina Paro de Paz
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Zootecnia, Centro APTA de Bovinos de Corte, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Duarte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ester Silveira Ramos
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway safeguards epigenetic stability and homeostasis of mouse embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:948. [PMID: 30700782 PMCID: PMC6353868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are pluripotent and can differentiate into cells belonging to the three germ layers of the embryo. However, mESC pluripotency and genome stability can be compromised in prolonged in vitro culture conditions. Several factors control mESC pluripotency, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is essential for mESC differentiation and proliferation. Here we show that the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway safeguards normal DNA methylation of mESCs. The activity of the pathway is progressively silenced during passages in culture and this results into a loss of the DNA methylation at many imprinting control regions (ICRs), loss of recruitment of chromatin repressors, and activation of retrotransposons, resulting into impaired mESC differentiation. Accordingly, sustained Wnt/β-catenin signaling maintains normal ICR methylation and mESC homeostasis and is a key regulator of genome stability.
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17
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Ou K, Yu M, Moss NG, Wang YJ, Wang AW, Nguyen SC, Jiang C, Feleke E, Kameswaran V, Joyce EF, Naji A, Glaser B, Avrahami D, Kaestner KH. Targeted demethylation at the CDKN1C/p57 locus induces human β cell replication. J Clin Invest 2018; 129:209-214. [PMID: 30352048 DOI: 10.1172/jci99170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of insulin-secreting β cells is characteristic among type I and type II diabetes. Stimulating proliferation to expand sources of β cells for transplantation remains a challenge because adult β cells do not proliferate readily. The cell cycle inhibitor p57 has been shown to control cell division in human β cells. Expression of p57 is regulated by the DNA methylation status of the imprinting control region 2 (ICR2), which is commonly hypomethylated in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome patients who exhibit massive β cell proliferation. We hypothesized that targeted demethylation of the ICR2 using a transcription activator-like effector protein fused to the catalytic domain of TET1 (ICR2-TET1) would repress p57 expression and promote cell proliferation. We report here that overexpression of ICR2-TET1 in human fibroblasts reduces p57 expression levels and increases proliferation. Furthermore, human islets overexpressing ICR2-TET1 exhibit repression of p57 with concomitant upregulation of Ki-67 while maintaining glucose-sensing functionality. When transplanted into diabetic, immunodeficient mice, the epigenetically edited islets show increased β cell replication compared with control islets. These findings demonstrate that epigenetic editing is a promising tool for inducing β cell proliferation, which may one day alleviate the scarcity of transplantable β cells for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Ou
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas G Moss
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yue J Wang
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amber W Wang
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Son C Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Connie Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eseye Feleke
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vasumathi Kameswaran
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric F Joyce
- Department of Genetics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana Avrahami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Dagar V, Hutchison W, Muscat A, Krishnan A, Hoke D, Buckle A, Siswara P, Amor DJ, Mann J, Pinner J, Colley A, Wilson M, Sachdev R, McGillivray G, Edwards M, Kirk E, Collins F, Jones K, Taylor J, Hayes I, Thompson E, Barnett C, Haan E, Freckmann ML, Turner A, White S, Kamien B, Ma A, Mackenzie F, Baynam G, Kiraly-Borri C, Field M, Dudding-Byth T, Algar EM. Genetic variation affecting DNA methylation and the human imprinting disorder, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:114. [PMID: 30165906 PMCID: PMC6117921 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an imprinting disorder with a population frequency of approximately 1 in 10,000. The most common epigenetic defect in BWS is a loss of methylation (LOM) at the 11p15.5 imprinting centre, KCNQ1OT1 TSS-DMR, and affects 50% of cases. We hypothesised that genetic factors linked to folate metabolism may play a role in BWS predisposition via effects on methylation maintenance at KCNQ1OT1 TSS-DMR. Results Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the folate pathway affecting methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (MTR), cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT1A) were examined in 55 BWS patients with KCNQ1OT1 TSS-DMR LOM and in 100 unaffected cases. MTHFR rs1801133: C>T was more prevalent in BWS with KCNQ1OT1 TSS-DMR LOM (p < 0.017); however, the relationship was not significant when the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was applied (significance, p = 0.0036). None of the remaining 13 SNVs were significantly different in the two populations tested. The DNMT1 locus was screened in 53 BWS cases, and three rare missense variants were identified in each of three patients: rs138841970: C>T, rs150331990: A>G and rs757460628: G>A encoding NP_001124295 p.Arg136Cys, p.His1118Arg and p.Arg1223His, respectively. These variants have population frequencies of less than 1 in 1000 and were absent from 100 control cases. Functional characterization using a hemimethylated DNA trapping assay revealed a reduced methyltransferase activity relative to wild-type DNMT1 for each variant ranging from 40 to 70% reduction in activity. Conclusions This study is the first to examine folate pathway genetics in BWS and to identify rare DNMT1 missense variants in affected individuals. Our data suggests that reduced DNMT1 activity could affect maintenance of methylation at KCNQ1OT1 TSS-DMR in some cases of BWS, possibly via a maternal effect in the early embryo. Larger cohort studies are warranted to further interrogate the relationship between impaired MTHFR enzymatic activity attributable to MTHFR rs1801133: C>T, dietary folate intake and BWS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0546-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Dagar
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | | | - Andrea Muscat
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia
| | - Anita Krishnan
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - David Hoke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Ashley Buckle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | | | - David J Amor
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Mann
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Jason Pinner
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, 2050, Australia
| | - Alison Colley
- Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, 2170, Australia
| | - Meredith Wilson
- Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, Australia
| | - Rani Sachdev
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | | | - Matthew Edwards
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, 2751, Australia
| | - Edwin Kirk
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | - Felicity Collins
- Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, Australia
| | - Kristi Jones
- Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006, Australia
| | - Juliet Taylor
- Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Ian Hayes
- Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- South Australian (SA) Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barnett
- South Australian (SA) Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Eric Haan
- South Australian (SA) Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Mary-Louise Freckmann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, 2065, Australia
| | - Anne Turner
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, 2031, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of NSW, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Susan White
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Ben Kamien
- Hunter Genetics, Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton, 2305, Australia
| | - Alan Ma
- Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, Australia
| | - Fiona Mackenzie
- Genetics Services of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Genetics Services of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | | | - Michael Field
- Hunter Genetics, Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton, 2305, Australia
| | - Tracey Dudding-Byth
- Hunter Genetics, Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton, 2305, Australia.,University of Newcastle GrowUpWell Priority Research Centre, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Algar
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia. .,Pathology, Monash Health, Clayton, 3168, Australia. .,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, Australia. .,Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, Australia.
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19
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Andrade AC, Jee YH, Nilsson O. New Genetic Diagnoses of Short Stature Provide Insights into Local Regulation of Childhood Growth
. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 88:22-37. [PMID: 28334714 DOI: 10.1159/000455850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic short stature is a common condition with a heterogeneous etiology. Advances in genetic methods, including genome sequencing techniques and bioinformatics approaches, have emerged as important tools to identify the genetic defects in families with monogenic short stature. These findings have contributed to the understanding of growth regulation and indicate that growth plate chondrogenesis, and therefore linear growth, is governed by a large number of genes important for different signaling pathways and cellular functions, including genetic defects in hormonal regulation, paracrine signaling, cartilage matrix, and fundamental cellular processes. In addition, mutations in the same gene can cause a wide phenotypic spectrum depending on the severity and mode of inheritance of the mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anenisia C Andrade
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Youn Hee Jee
- Section of Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ola Nilsson
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Örebro University and University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
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20
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Satthenapalli VR, Lamberts RR, Katare RG. Concise Review: Challenges in Regenerating the Diabetic Heart: A Comprehensive Review. Stem Cells 2017. [PMID: 28639375 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is one of the promising regenerative strategies developed to improve cardiac function in patients with ischemic heart diseases (IHD). However, this approach is limited in IHD patients with diabetes due to a progressive decline in the regenerative capacity of stem cells. This decline is mainly attributed to the metabolic memory incurred by diabetes on stem cell niche and their systemic cues. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in the diabetes-induced deterioration of stem cell function will be critical for developing new cardiac regeneration therapies. In this review, we first discuss the most common molecular alterations occurring in the diabetic stem cells/progenitor cells. Next, we highlight the key signaling pathways that can be dysregulated in a diabetic environment and impair the mobilization of stem/progenitor cells, which is essential for the transplanted/endogenous stem cells to reach the site of injury. We further discuss the possible methods of preconditioning the diabetic cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) with an aim to enrich the availability of efficient stem cells to regenerate the diseased diabetic heart. Finally, we propose new modalities for enriching the diabetic CPC through genetic or tissue engineering that would aid in developing autologous therapeutic strategies, improving the proliferative, angiogenic, and cardiogenic properties of diabetic stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2017;35:2009-2026.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata R Satthenapalli
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Regis R Lamberts
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh G Katare
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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21
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Singh VB, Sribenja S, Wilson KE, Attwood KM, Hillman JC, Pathak S, Higgins MJ. Blocked transcription through KvDMR1 results in absence of methylation and gene silencing resembling Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Development 2017; 144:1820-1830. [PMID: 28428215 PMCID: PMC5450836 DOI: 10.1242/dev.145136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The maternally methylated KvDMR1 ICR regulates imprinted expression of a cluster of maternally expressed genes on human chromosome 11p15.5. Disruption of imprinting leads to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), an overgrowth and cancer predisposition condition. In the majority of individuals with BWS, maternal-specific methylation at KvDMR1 is absent and genes under its control are repressed. We analyzed a mouse model carrying a poly(A) truncation cassette inserted to prevent RNA transcripts from elongation through KvDMR1. Maternal inheritance of this mutation resulted in absence of DNA methylation at KvDMR1, which led to biallelic expression of Kcnq1ot1 and suppression of maternally expressed genes. This study provides further evidence that transcription is required for establishment of methylation at maternal gametic DMRs. More importantly, this mouse model recapitulates the molecular phenotypic characteristics of the most common form of BWS, including loss of methylation at KvDMR1 and biallelic repression of Cdkn1c, suggesting that deficiency of maternal transcription through KvDMR1 may be an underlying cause of some BWS cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vir B Singh
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sirinapa Sribenja
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kayla E Wilson
- Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kristopher M Attwood
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Joanna C Hillman
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Shilpa Pathak
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Michael J Higgins
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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22
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Piersigilli F, Auriti C, Mondì V, Francalanci P, Salvatori G, Danhaive O. Decreased CDKN1C Expression in Congenital Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome. Indian J Pediatr 2016; 83:1476-1478. [PMID: 27345568 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-016-2187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by somatic overgrowth and predisposition to embryonal tumors, such as Wilm's tumor, hepatoblastoma, neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). BWS is associated with various genetic alterations: a variety of molecular lesions are described on the chromosome 11p15, affecting gene expression for IGF2, H19, CDKN1C and KCNQ1OT1. Alveolar RMS also recognises characteristic genetic alterations: two types of translocations, t(2,13) or t(1,13), that generate the PAX3-FKHR or PAX7-FKHR fusion proteins. It has been postulated however, that in BWS this kind of tumor occurs without this characteristic chromosomal rearrangement. The authors describe case of a neonate with BWS that presented at birth with cutaneous metastasis due to alveolar RMS. Genetic analysis showed lack of the two characteristic translocations in the tumor tissue, supporting a different oncogenic pathway of alveolar RMS in children with BWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Piersigilli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Auriti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Mondì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Francalanci
- Department of Pathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Salvatori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Olivier Danhaive
- Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
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23
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López-Abad M, Iglesias-Platas I, Monk D. Epigenetic Characterization of CDKN1C in Placenta Samples from Non-syndromic Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Front Genet 2016; 7:62. [PMID: 27200075 PMCID: PMC4844605 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) gene is expressed from the maternal allele and is located within the centromeric imprinted domain at chromosome 11p15. It is a negative regulator of proliferation, with loss-of-function mutations associated with the overgrowth disorder Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome. Recently, gain-of-function mutations within the PCNA domain have been described in two disorders characterized by growth failure, namely IMAGe (intra-uterine growth restriction, metaphyseal dysplasia, adrenal hypoplasia congenita and genital abnormalities) syndrome and Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS). Over-expression of CDKN1C by maternally inherited microduplications also results in SRS, suggesting that in addition to activating mutations this gene may regulate growth by changes in dosage. To determine if CDKN1C is involved in non-syndromic IUGR we compared the expression and DNA methylation levels in a large cohort of placental biopsies from IUGR and uneventful pregnancies. We observe higher levels of expression of CDKN1C in IUGR placentas compared to those of controls. All placenta biopsies heterozygous for the PAPA repeat sequence in exon 2 showed appropriate monoallelic expression and no mutations in the PCNA domain were observed. The expression profile was independent of both genetic or methylation variation in the minimal CDKN1C promoter interval and of methylation of the cis-acting maternally methylated region associated with the neighboring KCNQ1OT1 non-coding RNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed binding sites for CTCF within the unmethylated CDKN1C gene body CpG island and putative enhancer regions, associated with the canonical enhancer histone signature, H3K4me1 and H3K27ac, located ∼58 and 360 kb away. Using 3C-PCR we identify constitutive higher-order chromatin loops that occur between one of these putative enhancer regions and CDKN1C in human placenta tissues, which we propose facilitates expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam López-Abad
- Servicio de Neonatología, Sant Joan de Déu, Centro de Medicina Maternofetal y Neonatal Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu y Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Iglesias-Platas
- Servicio de Neonatología, Sant Joan de Déu, Centro de Medicina Maternofetal y Neonatal Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu y Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Mussa A, Russo S, de Crescenzo A, Freschi A, Calzari L, Maitz S, Macchiaiolo M, Molinatto C, Baldassarre G, Mariani M, Tarani L, Bedeschi MF, Milani D, Melis D, Bartuli A, Cubellis MV, Selicorni A, Silengo MC, Larizza L, Riccio A, Ferrero GB. Fetal growth patterns in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Clin Genet 2016; 90:21-7. [PMID: 26857110 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We provide data on fetal growth pattern on the molecular subtypes of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS): IC1 gain of methylation (IC1-GoM), IC2 loss of methylation (IC2-LoM), 11p15.5 paternal uniparental disomy (UPD), and CDKN1C mutation. In this observational study, gestational ages and neonatal growth parameters of 247 BWS patients were compared by calculating gestational age-corrected standard deviation scores (SDS) and proportionality indexes to search for differences among IC1-GoM (n = 21), UPD (n = 87), IC2-LoM (n = 147), and CDKN1C mutation (n = 11) patients. In IC1-GoM subgroup, weight and length are higher than in other subgroups. Body proportionality indexes display the following pattern: highest in IC1-GoM patients, lowest in IC2-LoM/CDKN1C patients, intermediate in UPD ones. Prematurity was significantly more prevalent in the CDKN1C (64%) and IC2-LoM subgroups (37%). Fetal growth patterns are different in the four molecular subtypes of BWS and remarkably consistent with altered gene expression primed by the respective molecular mechanisms. IC1-GoM cases show extreme macrosomia and severe disproportion between weight and length excess. In IC2-LoM/CDKN1C patients, macrosomia is less common and associated with more proportionate weight/length ratios with excess of preterm birth. UPD patients show growth patterns closer to those of IC2-LoM, but manifest a body mass disproportion rather similar to that seen in IC1-GoM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mussa
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - A Freschi
- DiSTABiF, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - L Calzari
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Maitz
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italia
| | - M Macchiaiolo
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - C Molinatto
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Baldassarre
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Mariani
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italia
| | - L Tarani
- Department of Pediatric and Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - M F Bedeschi
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - D Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - D Melis
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Bartuli
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - M V Cubellis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Selicorni
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italia
| | - M C Silengo
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Larizza
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - G B Ferrero
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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25
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Kanduri C. Long noncoding RNAs: Lessons from genomic imprinting. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1859:102-11. [PMID: 26004516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting has been a great resource for studying transcriptional and post-transcriptional-based gene regulation by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). In this article, I overview the functional role of intergenic lncRNAs (H19, IPW, and MEG3), antisense lncRNAs (Kcnq1ot1, Airn, Nespas, Ube3a-ATS), and enhancer lncRNAs (IG-DMR eRNAs) to understand the diverse mechanisms being employed by them in cis and/or trans to regulate the parent-of-origin-specific expression of target genes. Recent evidence suggests that some of the lncRNAs regulate imprinting by promoting intra-chromosomal higher-order chromatin compartmentalization, affecting replication timing and subnuclear positioning. Whereas others act via transcriptional occlusion or transcriptional collision-based mechanisms. By establishing genomic imprinting of target genes, the lncRNAs play a critical role in important biological functions, such as placental and embryonic growth, pluripotency maintenance, cell differentiation, and neural-related functions such as synaptic development and plasticity. An emerging consensus from the recent evidence is that the imprinted lncRNAs fine-tune gene expression of the protein-coding genes to maintain their dosage in cell. Hence, lncRNAs from imprinted clusters offer insights into their mode of action, and these mechanisms have been the basis for uncovering the mode of action of lncRNAs in several other biological contexts. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Clues to long noncoding RNA taxonomy, edited by Dr. Tetsuro Hirose and Dr. Shinichi Nakagawa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekhar Kanduri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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26
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Yoshizawa S, Fujiwara K, Sugito K, Uekusa S, Kawashima H, Hoshi R, Watanabe Y, Hirano T, Furuya T, Masuko T, Ueno T, Fukuda N, Soma M, Ozaki T, Koshinaga T, Nagase H. Pyrrole-imidazole polyamide-mediated silencing of KCNQ1OT1 expression induces cell death in Wilms' tumor cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:115-21. [PMID: 25998555 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
KvDMR (an intronic CpG island within the KCNQ1 gene) is one of the imprinting control regions on human chromosome 11p15.5. Since KvDMR exists within the promoter region of KCNQ1OT1 (antisense transcript of KCNQ1), it is likely that genomic alterations of this region including deletion, paternal uniparental disomy and de-methylation in maternal allele lead to aberrant overexpression of KCNQ1OT1. Indeed, de-methylation of KvDMR accompanied by uncontrolled overexpression of KCNQ1OT1 occurs frequently in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), and around 10% of BWS patients developed embryonal tumors (Wilms' tumor or hepatoblastoma). These observations strongly suggest that silencing of KCNQ1OT1 expression might suppress its oncogenic potential. In the present study, we designed two pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides, termed PI-a and PI-b, which might have the ability to bind to CCAAT boxes of the KCNQ1OT1 promoter region, and investigated their possible antitumor effect on Wilms' tumor-derived G401 cells. Gel retardation assay demonstrated that PI-a and PI-b specifically bind to their target sequences. Microscopic observations showed the efficient nuclear access of these PI polyamides. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of KCNQ1OT1 was significantly decreased when treated with PI-a and PI-b simultaneously but not with either PI-a or PI-b single treatment. Consistent with these results, the combination of PI-a and PI-b resulted in a significant reduction in viability of G401 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, FACS analysis demonstrated that combinatory treatment with PI-a and PI-b induces cell death as compared with control cells. Taken together, our present observations strongly suggest that the combinatory treatment with PI polyamides targeting KCNQ1OT1 might be a novel therapeutic strategy to cure patients with tumors over-expressing KCNQ1OT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Yoshizawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujiwara
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiminobu Sugito
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Uekusa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reina Hoshi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Watanabe
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hirano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Furuya
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Masuko
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ueno
- Innovative Therapy Research Group, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Innovative Therapy Research Group, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Soma
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ozaki
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsugumichi Koshinaga
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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27
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Masemola ML, van der Merwe L, Lombard Z, Viljoen D, Ramsay M. Reduced DNA methylation at the PEG3 DMR and KvDMR1 loci in children exposed to alcohol in utero: a South African Fetal Alcohol Syndrome cohort study. Front Genet 2015; 6:85. [PMID: 25806045 PMCID: PMC4354390 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a devastating developmental disorder resulting from alcohol exposure during fetal development. It is a considerable public health problem worldwide and is characterized by central nervous system abnormalities, dysmorphic facial features, and growth retardation. Imprinted genes are known to play an important role in growth and development and therefore four imprinting control regions (ICRs), H19 ICR, IG-DMR, KvDMR1 and PEG3 DMR were examined. It is proposed that DNA methylation changes may contribute to developmental abnormalities seen in FAS and which persist into adulthood. The participants included FAS children and controls from the Western and Northern Cape Provinces. DNA samples extracted from blood and buccal cells were bisulfite modified, the ICRs were amplified by PCR and pyrosequencing was used to derive a quantitative estimate of methylation at selected CpG dinucleotides: H19 ICR (six CpG sites; 50 controls and 73 cases); KvDMR1 (7, 55, and 86); IG-DMR (10, 56, and 84); and PEG3 DMR (7, 50, and 79). The most profound effects of alcohol exposure are on neuronal development. In this study we report on epigenetic effects observed in blood which may not directly reflect tissue-specific alterations in the developing brain. After adjusting for age and sex (known confounders for DNA methylation), there was a significant difference at KvDMR1 and PEG3 DMR, but not the H19 ICR, with only a small effect (0.84% lower in cases; p = 0.035) at IG-DMR. The two maternally imprinted loci, KvDMR1 and PEG3 DMR, showed lower average locus-wide methylation in the FAS cases (1.49%; p < 0.001 and 7.09%; p < 0.001, respectively). The largest effect was at the PEG3 DMR though the functional impact is uncertain. This study supports the role of epigenetic modulation as a mechanism for the teratogenic effects of alcohol by altering the methylation profiles of imprinted loci in a locus-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matshane L Masemola
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lize van der Merwe
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape , Cape Town, South Africa ; Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zané Lombard
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa ; Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa ; School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Denis Viljoen
- Foundation for Alcohol Related Research , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa ; Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
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28
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Eggermann T, Binder G, Brioude F, Maher ER, Lapunzina P, Cubellis MV, Bergadá I, Prawitt D, Begemann M. CDKN1C mutations: two sides of the same coin. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:614-22. [PMID: 25262539 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) negatively regulates cellular proliferation and it has been shown that loss-of-function mutations in the imprinted CDKN1C gene (11p15.5) are associated with the overgrowth disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). With recent reports of gain-of-function mutations of the PCNA domain of CDKN1C in growth-retarded patients with IMAGe syndrome or Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), its key role for growth has been confirmed. Thereby, the last gap in the spectrum of molecular alterations in 11p15.5 in growth-retardation and overgrowth syndromes could be closed. Recent functional studies explain the strict association of CDKN1C mutations with clinically opposite phenotypes and thereby contribute to our understanding of the function and regulation of the gene in particular and epigenetic regulation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Binder
- University Children's Hospital, Paediatric Endocrinology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Bergadá
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Molekulare Pädiatrie, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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29
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Nguyen NMP, Zhang L, Reddy R, Déry C, Arseneau J, Cheung A, Surti U, Hoffner L, Seoud M, Zaatari G, Bagga R, Srinivasan R, Coullin P, Ao A, Slim R. Comprehensive genotype-phenotype correlations between NLRP7 mutations and the balance between embryonic tissue differentiation and trophoblastic proliferation. J Med Genet 2014; 51:623-34. [PMID: 25097207 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydatidiform mole (HM) is a human pregnancy with excessive trophoblastic proliferation and abnormal embryonic development that may be sporadic or recurrent. In the sporadic form, the HM phenotype is driven by an abnormal ratio of paternal to maternal genomes, whereas in the recurrent form, the HM phenotype is caused by maternal-recessive mutations, mostly in NLRP7, despite the diploid biparental origin of the HM tissues. In this study, we characterised the expression of the imprinted, maternally expressed gene, CDKN1C (p57(KIP2)), the genotype, and the histopathology of 36 products of conception (POC) from patients with two defective alleles in NLRP7 and looked for potential correlations between the nature of the mutations in the patients and the various HM features. METHODS/RESULTS We found that all the 36 POCs are diploid biparental and have the same parental contribution to their genomes. However, some of them expressed variable levels of p57(KIP2) and this expression was strongly associated with the presence of embryonic tissues of inner cell mass origin and mild trophoblastic proliferation, which are features of triploid partial HMs, and were associated with missense mutations. Negative p57(KIP2) expression was associated with the absence of embryonic tissues and excessive trophoblastic proliferation, which are features of androgenetic complete HMs and were associated with protein-truncating mutations. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that NLRP7, depending on the severity of its mutations, regulates the imprinted expression of p57(KIP2) and consequently the balance between tissue differentiation and proliferation during early human development. This role is novel and could not have been revealed by any other approach on somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Minh Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ramesh Reddy
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Déry
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jocelyne Arseneau
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Cheung
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Urvashi Surti
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lori Hoffner
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Muhieddine Seoud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghazi Zaatari
- Department of Pathology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rashmi Bagga
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radhika Srinivasan
- Cytology & Gynecological Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Philippe Coullin
- INSERM U782, Endocrinologie et Génétique de la Reproduction et du Développement, Clamart, France
| | - Asangla Ao
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rima Slim
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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30
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Quantitative epigenetic co-variation in CpG islands and co-regulation of developmental genes. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2576. [PMID: 23999385 PMCID: PMC6505400 DOI: 10.1038/srep02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome-wide variation of multiple epigenetic modifications in CpG islands (CGIs) and the interactions between them are of great interest. Here, we optimized an entropy-based strategy to quantify variation of epigenetic modifications and explored their interaction across mouse embryonic stem cells, neural precursor cells and brain. Our results showed that four epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, H3K4me2, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) of CGIs in the mouse genome undergo combinatorial variation during neuron differentiation. DNA methylation variation was positively correlated with H3K27me3 variation, and negatively correlated with H3K4me2/3 variation. We identified 5,194 CGIs differentially modified by epigenetic modifications (DEM-CGIs). Among them, the differentially DNA methylated CGIs overlapped significantly with the CGIs differentially modified by H3K27me3. Moreover, DEM-CGIs may contribute to co-regulation of related developmental genes including core transcription factors. Our entropy-based strategy provides an effective way of investigating dynamic cross-talk among epigenetic modifications in various biological processes at the macro scale.
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Ibrahim A, Kirby G, Hardy C, Dias RP, Tee L, Lim D, Berg J, MacDonald F, Nightingale P, Maher ER. Methylation analysis and diagnostics of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in 1,000 subjects. Clin Epigenetics 2014; 6:11. [PMID: 24982696 PMCID: PMC4064264 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), a congenital overgrowth disorder with variable expressivity and a predisposition to tumorigenesis, results from disordered expression and/or function of imprinted genes at chromosome 11p15.5. There are no generally agreed clinical diagnostic criteria, with molecular studies commonly performed to confirm diagnosis. In particular, methylation status analysis at two 11p15.5 imprinting control centres (IC1 and IC2) detects up to 80% of BWS cases (though low-level mosaicism may not be detected). In order to evaluate the relationship between the clinical presentation of suspected BWS and IC1/2 methylation abnormalities we reviewed the results of >1,000 referrals for molecular diagnostic testing. Results Out of 1,091 referrals, 507 (46.5%) had a positive diagnostic test for BWS. The frequency of tumours was 3.4% in those with a molecular diagnosis of BWS. Previously reported genotype-phenotype associations with paternal uniparental disomy, IC1, and IC2 epimutation groups were confirmed and potential novel associations detected. Predictive values of previously described clinical diagnostic criteria were compared and, although there were differences in their sensitivity and specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that these were not optimal in predicting 11p15.5 methylation abnormalities. Using logistic regression, we identified clinical features with the best predictive value for a positive methylation abnormality. Furthermore, we developed a weighted scoring system (sensitivity 75.9%, and specificity 81.8%) to prioritise patients presenting with the most common features of BWS, and ROC analysis demonstrated superior performance (area under the curve 0.85, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.87) compared to previous criteria. Conclusions We suggest that this novel tool will facilitate selection of patients with suspected BWS for routine diagnostic testing and so improve the diagnosis of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK ; Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Gail Kirby
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Carol Hardy
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Renuka P Dias
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Louise Tee
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Derek Lim
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK ; West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Jonathan Berg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Fiona MacDonald
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Peter Nightingale
- Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK ; Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Unmethylated state of 5′ upstream CpG islands may be necessary but not sufficient for the testis-enriched expression of ZNF230/Znf230. Genes Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-013-0153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Baiocchi M, Yousuf FS, Hussain K. Hypopituitarism in a patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome due to hypomethylation of KvDMR1. Pediatrics 2014; 133:e1082-6. [PMID: 24639276 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is caused by dysregulation of imprinted genes on chromosome 11.p15.5. The syndrome includes overgrowth, macroglossia, organomegaly, abdominal wall defects, hypoglycemia, and long-term malignancy risk. No patient who has BWS has been reported with hypopituitarism. We describe a patient who presented at birth with macrosomia, macroglossia, respiratory distress, jaundice, and hypoglycemia, and who was followed for 4.5 years. Genetic test for BWS was performed, which detected loss of maternal methylation on region KvDMR1 (11p15.5). The hypoglycemia was attributable to hyperinsulinism and was treated with diazoxide and chlorothiazide. She responded well, but the hypoglycemia returned after reducing the diazoxide. It was possible to stop the diazoxide after 2.5 years. On routine follow-up she was noted to be developing short stature. Baseline pituitary and growth hormone (GH) stimulation tests detected GH deficiency and secondary hypothyroidism. A brain MRI showed a small anterior pituitary gland. Thereafter, thyroxine and replacement therapy with GH were started, which resulted in a remarkable improvement in growth velocity. This is the first patient to be reported as having hypopituitarism and BWS. It is unclear if the BWS and the hypopituitarism are somehow connected; however, further investigations are necessary. Hypopituitarism explains the protracted hypoglycemia and the short stature. In our patient, GH therapy seems to be safe, but strict follow-up is required given the increased cancer risk related to BWS.
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Della Ragione F, Gagliardi M, D'Esposito M, Matarazzo MR. Non-coding RNAs in chromatin disease involving neurological defects. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:54. [PMID: 24616662 PMCID: PMC3933927 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel classes of small and long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly becoming apparent, being engaged in diverse structural, functional and regulatory activities. They take part in target gene silencing, play roles in transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic processes, such as chromatin remodeling, nuclear reorganization with the formation of silent compartments and fine-tuning of gene recruitment into them. Among their functions, non-coding RNAs are thought to act either as guide or scaffold for epigenetic modifiers that write, erase, and read the epigenetic signature over the genome. Studies on human disorders caused by defects in epigenetic modifiers and involving neurological phenotypes highlight the disruption of diverse classes of non-coding RNAs. Noteworthy, these molecules mediate a wide spectrum of neuronal functions, including brain development, and synaptic plasticity. These findings imply a significant contribution of ncRNAs in pathophysiology of the aforesaid diseases and provide new concepts for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Della Ragione
- Functional Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "ABT," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Naples, Italy ; Laboratorio di Genomica e di Epigenomica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Miriam Gagliardi
- Functional Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "ABT," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Naples, Italy ; Laboratorio di Genomica e di Epigenomica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Esposito
- Functional Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "ABT," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Naples, Italy ; Laboratorio di Genomica e di Epigenomica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maria R Matarazzo
- Functional Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "ABT," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Naples, Italy ; Laboratorio di Genomica e di Epigenomica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed Pozzilli, Italy
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Nguyen NMP, Slim R. Genetics and Epigenetics of Recurrent Hydatidiform Moles: Basic Science and Genetic Counselling. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2014; 3:55-64. [PMID: 24533231 PMCID: PMC3920063 DOI: 10.1007/s13669-013-0076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a group of conditions that originate from the abnormal hyperproliferation of trophoblastic cells, which derive from the trophectoderm, the outer layer of the blastocyst that would normally develop into the placenta during pregnancy. GTDs encompass hydatidiform mole (HM) (complete and partial), invasive mole, gestational choriocarcinoma, placental-site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Of these, the most common is HM, and it is the only one that has been reported to recur in the same patients from independent pregnancies, which indicates the patients' genetic predisposition. In addition, HM is the only GTD that segregates in families according to Mendel's laws of heredity, which made it possible to use rare familial cases of recurrent HMs (RHMs) to identify two maternal-effect genes, NLRP7 and KHDC3L, responsible for this condition. Here, we recapitulate current knowledge about RHMs and conclude with the role and benefits of testing patients for mutations in the known genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Minh Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec Canada ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Rima Slim
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec Canada ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec Canada ; Montreal General Hospital Research Institute, L3-121, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, Quebec Canada H3G 1A4
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Dias RP, Maher ER. Genes, assisted reproductive technology and trans-illumination. Epigenomics 2013; 5:331-40. [PMID: 23750647 DOI: 10.2217/epi.13.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a parent-of-origin allele-specific epigenetic process that is critical for normal development and health. The establishment and maintenance of normal imprinting is dependent on both cis-acting imprinting control centers, which are marked by differentially (parental allele specific) methylated marks, and trans mechanisms, which regulate the establishment and/or maintenance of the correct methylation epigenotype at the imprinting control centers. Studies of rare human imprinting disorders such as familial hydatidiform mole, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and familial transient neonatal diabetes mellitus have enabled the identification of genetic (e.g., mutations in KHDC3L [C6ORF221], NLRP2 [NALP2], NLRP7 [NALP7] and ZFP57) and environmental (assisted reproductive technologies) factors that can disturb the normal trans mechanisms for imprinting establishment and/or maintenance. Here we review the clinical and molecular aspects of these imprinting disorders in order to demonstrate how the study of rare inherited disorders can illuminate the molecular characteristics of fundamental epigenetic processes, such as genomic imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka P Dias
- Centre for Rare Diseases & Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Cerrato
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Agostina De Crescenzo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccio
- 1] Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy [2] Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A.Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
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Gomes MVDM, Pelosi GG. Epigenetic vulnerability and the environmental influence on health. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:859-65. [PMID: 23828586 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213490630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has drawn the attention of the scientific community by indicating the potential vulnerability to environmental changes of epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression. Being critical components of normal development, the importance of epigenetic mechanisms for normal biology is illustrated by the fact that abnormal epigenetic patterns have increasingly been linked to the aetiology of various diseases including cancer, paediatric syndromes, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders and even the molecular process of ageing. It is estimated that the degree of vulnerability to changes in epigenetic patterns is high during early embryonic development, a period of life in which epigenetic patterns are established and cell differentiation is intense. Moreover, increasing amounts of relevant data and information reveal that the environment might potentially impact on epigenetic patterns at every period of life. Within this context, in this study we will review the principles of epigenetic vulnerability to environmental changes, the impacts on development, the association with the origin of common diseases and also speculate about the potential of lifestyle changes to modulate epigenetic patterns and contribute to preventing common diseases.
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Epigenetic and genetic alterations of the imprinting disorder Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and related disorders. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:402-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yatsuki H, Higashimoto K, Jozaki K, Koide K, Okada J, Watanabe Y, Okamoto N, Tsuno Y, Yoshida Y, Ueda K, Shimizu K, Ohashi H, Mukai T, Soejima H. Novel mutations of CDKN1C in Japanese patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Genes Genomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-013-0079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zheng HY, Tang Y, Niu J, Li P, Ye DS, Chen X, Shi XY, Li L, Chen SL. Aberrant DNA methylation of imprinted loci in human spontaneous abortions after assisted reproduction techniques and natural conception. Hum Reprod 2012; 28:265-73. [PMID: 23042795 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs) affect DNA methylation of imprinted genes and does aberrant methylation of imprinted genes account for the incidence of human spontaneous abortion (SA)? SUMMARY ANSWER Our results show that imprinting errors of imprinted genes may contribute to human SA, and the occurrence of aberrant methylation of imprinted genes in ART pregnancies was comparable with that in natural pregnancies. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Animal data and human studies demonstrated that in vitro culture of embryos can cause methylation defects in individual genes, which might affect subsequent embryonic development and contribute to SA. However, our previous studies showed an abnormal methylation pattern of PEG1 in human aborted chrionic villus samples (CVS) but an increased occurrence of aberrant methylation in CVS from ART-derived pregnancies was not observed. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION CVS were collected from women who underwent abortion procedures in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Nanfang Hospital from May 2008 to July 2011. Muscle samples (MS) were obtained from aborted fetuses and stillbirths. The samples were divided into four experimental groups: (A) SA/stillbirth after ART (n = 75), (B) multi-fetal reduction after ART (n = 73), (C) SA/stillbirth of natural pregnancies (n = 90) and (D) induced abortion (IA) of natural pregnancies (n = 82). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING AND METHODS The mean ± SD age of patients was 31.0 ± 4.1 (range: 18-45 years). The DNA methylation patterns of one paternally methylated (H19) and two maternally methylated (LIT1 and SNRPN) genes were analyzed in CVS and MS using pyrosequencing and bisulfite sequencing PCR. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Clear hypo-methylation (<10%) or hyper-methylation (>90%) were not detected in LIT1 and SNRPN but two regions of hyper-methylation (91.7 and 91.4%) were observed in H19. The mean percentage of methylation in the SA samples (groups A and C) was higher than that in the IA samples (groups B and D; P<0.05). Box plot analyses showed that in the 165 SA samples, methylation values for 40/495 (8.1%) differentially methylated regions of the three genes represented outliers. The incidence of outlier was highest for LIT1 (13.3%, 22/165). In contrast, no outliers were found in the 155 IA samples. The receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed a positive correlation between percentage methylation of all three genes and incidence of SA (P<0.05). In addition, the conception modes (natural versus ART) and the fertilization methods used in ART (IVF and ICSI) did not affect the methylation patterns of the imprinted genes. No increase in the rate of abnormal methylation was found in the ART samples. LIMITATIONS AND REASONS FOR CAUTION The studied loci represent only a small fraction of developmentally important genes. Further studies are needed to evaluate changes in the expression and the methylation status of other genes that may lead to SA. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The findings provide new insights into the etiology of human SA. The possibility that the abnormal methylation seen is a consequence of the defect that led to the SA cannot be excluded. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) None of the authors has any competing interest. This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81170574), The National Key Basic Research Development Plan of China (973 Program) (2007CB948104), Comprehensive strategic sciences cooperation projects of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy (04020416) and Guangzhou Science and Technology Program key projects (11C22120737).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
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Pogribny IP, Beland FA. DNA methylome alterations in chemical carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2012; 334:39-45. [PMID: 23010082 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis, a complex multifactorial process of the transformation of normal cells into malignant cells, is characterized by many biologically significant and interdependent alterations triggered by the mutational and/or non-mutational (i.e., epigenetic) events. One of these events, specific to all types of cancer, is alterations in DNA methylation. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of DNA methylation changes induced by various genotoxic chemicals (carcinogenic agents that interact with DNA) and non-genotoxic carcinogens (chemicals causing tumor by mechanisms other than directly damaging DNA) in the lung, colorectal, liver, and hematologic carcinogenesis. It also emphasizes the potential role for epigenetic changes to serve as markers for carcinogen exposure and carcinogen risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor P Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Frederick A Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Macías-Gómez NM, Leal-Ugarte E, Gutiérrez-Angulo M, Domínguez-Quezada G, Rivera H, Barros-Núñez P. 46,XX ovotesticular disorder in a Mexican patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2012; 6:301. [PMID: 22974175 PMCID: PMC3459706 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-6-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome is an overgrowth syndrome that is characterized by hypoglycemia at birth, coarse face, hemihypertrophy and an increased risk to develop embryonal tumors. In approximately 15% of patients, the inheritance is autosomal dominant with variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance, whereas the remainder of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome cases are sporadic. Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome molecular etiologies are complex and involve the two imprinting centers 1 (IC1) and 2 (IC2) of 11p15 region. This case report describes, for the first time, the unusual association of ovotesticular disorder in a patient from Morelia, Mexico with Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome. Case presentation We report the case of a Mexican six-year-old girl with Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome, ambiguous genitalia, and bilateral ovotestes. She has a 46,XX karyotype without evidence of Y-chromosome sequences detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization with both SRY and wcp-Y probes. Conclusion Although a random association between these two conditions cannot be excluded, future analysis of this patient with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and 46,XX ovotesticular disorder may lead to new insights into these complex pathologies. We speculate that a possible misregulation in the imprinted genes network has a fundamental role in the coexistence of these two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Margarita Macías-Gómez
- Departamento de Salud y Bienestar, Centro Universitario del Sur, U de G, Av, Prolongación Colón s/n, Km, 1, Carretera Cd, Guzmán-Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, 49000, Mexico.
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An imprinted IMAGe: insights into growth regulation through genomic analysis of a rare disease. Genome Med 2012; 4:60. [PMID: 22839767 PMCID: PMC3580416 DOI: 10.1186/gm361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in the imprinted gene that encodes cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C, also called p57Kip2) result in a rare disorder associated with prenatal growth retardation (IMAGe syndrome). Loss-of-function mutations in CDKN1C have been previously described in the congenital overgrowth syndrome Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and some cancers. In contrast, a recent study by Arboleda et al. proposes that the CDKN1C mutations associated with IMAGe syndrome have a gain-of-function effect. These findings highlight how rare genetic disorders can provide important insights into the regulation of critical processes such as regulation of cell growth.
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Arboleda VA, Lee H, Parnaik R, Fleming A, Banerjee A, Ferraz-de-Souza B, Délot EC, Rodriguez-Fernandez IA, Braslavsky D, Bergadá I, Dell’Angelica EC, Nelson SF, Martinez-Agosto JA, Achermann JC, Vilain E. Mutations in the PCNA-binding domain of CDKN1C cause IMAGe syndrome. Nat Genet 2012; 44:788-92. [PMID: 22634751 PMCID: PMC3386373 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
IMAGe syndrome (intrauterine growth restriction, metaphyseal dysplasia, adrenal hypoplasia congenita and genital anomalies) is an undergrowth developmental disorder with life-threatening consequences. An identity-by-descent analysis in a family with IMAGe syndrome identified a 17.2-Mb locus on chromosome 11p15 that segregated in the affected family members. Targeted exon array capture of the disease locus, followed by high-throughput genomic sequencing and validation by dideoxy sequencing, identified missense mutations in the imprinted gene CDKN1C (also known as P57KIP2) in two familial and four unrelated patients. A familial analysis showed an imprinted mode of inheritance in which only maternal transmission of the mutation resulted in IMAGe syndrome. CDKN1C inhibits cell-cycle progression, and we found that targeted expression of IMAGe-associated CDKN1C mutations in Drosophila caused severe eye growth defects compared to wild-type CDKN1C, suggesting a gain-of-function mechanism. All IMAGe-associated mutations clustered in the PCNA-binding domain of CDKN1C and resulted in loss of PCNA binding, distinguishing them from the mutations of CDKN1C that cause Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, an overgrowth syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A. Arboleda
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Rahul Parnaik
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Clinical & Molecular Genetics Unit, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London UK
| | - Alice Fleming
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Abhik Banerjee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Bruno Ferraz-de-Souza
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Clinical & Molecular Genetics Unit, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London UK
- Department of Endocrinology/LIM-18, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuèle C. Délot
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Debora Braslavsky
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Niños “Ricardo Gutierrez”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Bergadá
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Niños “Ricardo Gutierrez”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban C. Dell’Angelica
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Stanley F. Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Julian A. Martinez-Agosto
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - John C. Achermann
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Clinical & Molecular Genetics Unit, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London UK
| | - Eric Vilain
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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Abstract
Pancreatoblastoma is a rare malignant tumor of the pancreas mostly diagnosed in childhood. The clinical presentation and outcome of infantile and congenital pancreatoblastoma have not been clearly elucidated. This report describes our recent institutional experience with an unusual case of congenital pancreatoblastoma. Review of the scientific literature identifies approximately 200 cases of pancreatoblastoma. We describe the 9 infantile (aged 3 mo and younger) and 4 congenital cases previously reported and summarize their clinical presentation and outcome. We also define the close association of infantile/congenital pancreatoblastoma and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (50%) versus all affected age groups (4.5%).
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Algar E, Dagar V, Sebaj M, Pachter N. An 11p15 imprinting centre region 2 deletion in a family with Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome provides insights into imprinting control at CDKN1C. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29034. [PMID: 22205991 PMCID: PMC3242768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a three generation family with Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) in whom we have identified a 330 kb deletion within the KCNQ1 locus, encompassing the 11p15.5 Imprinting Centre II (IC2). The deletion arose on the paternal chromosome in the first generation and was only associated with BWS when transmitted maternally to subsequent generations. The deletion on the maternal chromosome was associated with a lower median level of CDKN1C expression in the peripheral blood of affected individuals when compared to a cohort of unaffected controls (p<0.05), however was not significantly different to the expression levels in BWS cases with loss of methylation (LOM) within IC2 (p<0.78). Moreover the individual with a deletion on the paternal chromosome did not show evidence of elevated CDKN1C expression or features of Russell Silver syndrome. These observations support a model invoking the deletion of enhancer elements required for CDKN1C expression lying within or close to the imprinting centre and importantly extend and validate a single observation from an earlier study. Analysis of 94 cases with IC2 loss of methylation revealed that KCNQ1 deletion is a rare cause of loss of maternal methylation, occurring in only 3% of cases, or in 1.5% of BWS overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Algar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Smith AC, Suzuki M, Thompson R, Choufani S, Higgins MJ, Chiu IW, Squire JA, Greally JM, Weksberg R. Maternal gametic transmission of translocations or inversions of human chromosome 11p15.5 results in regional DNA hypermethylation and downregulation of CDKN1C expression. Genomics 2011; 99:25-35. [PMID: 22079941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth syndrome associated with genetic or epigenetic alterations in one of two imprinted domains on chromosome 11p15.5. Rarely, chromosomal translocations or inversions of chromosome 11p15.5 are associated with BWS but the molecular pathophysiology in such cases is not understood. In our series of 3 translocation and 2 inversion patients with BWS, the chromosome 11p15.5 breakpoints map within the centromeric imprinted domain, 2. We hypothesized that either microdeletions/microduplications adjacent to the breakpoints could disrupt genomic sequences important for imprinted gene regulation. An alternate hypothesis was that epigenetic alterations of as yet unknown regulatory DNA sequences, result in the BWS phenotype. A high resolution Nimblegen custom microarray was designed representing all non-repetitive sequences in the telomeric 33 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 11. For the BWS-associated chromosome 11p15.5 translocations and inversions, we found no evidence of microdeletions/microduplications. DNA methylation was also tested on this microarray using the HpaII tiny fragment enrichment by ligation-mediated PCR (HELP) assay. This high-resolution DNA methylation microarray analysis revealed a gain of DNA methylation in the translocation/inversion patients affecting the p-ter segment of chromosome 11p15, including both imprinted domains. BWS patients that inherited a maternal translocation or inversion also demonstrated reduced expression of the growth suppressing imprinted gene, CDKN1C in Domain 2. In summary, our data demonstrate that translocations and inversions involving imprinted domain 2 on chromosome 11p15.5, alter regional DNA methylation patterns and imprinted gene expression in cis, suggesting that these epigenetic alterations are generated by an alteration in "chromatin context".
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Smith
- Dept of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer Agency - Vancouver Centre, 600 W 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4E6
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Chiesa N, De Crescenzo A, Mishra K, Perone L, Carella M, Palumbo O, Mussa A, Sparago A, Cerrato F, Russo S, Lapi E, Cubellis MV, Kanduri C, Cirillo Silengo M, Riccio A, Ferrero GB. The KCNQ1OT1 imprinting control region and non-coding RNA: new properties derived from the study of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Silver-Russell syndrome cases. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:10-25. [PMID: 21920939 PMCID: PMC3235007 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A cluster of imprinted genes at chromosome 11p15.5 is associated with the growth disorders, Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). The cluster is divided into two domains with independent imprinting control regions (ICRs). We describe two maternal 11p15.5 microduplications with contrasting phenotypes. The first is an inverted and in cis duplication of the entire 11p15.5 cluster associated with the maintenance of genomic imprinting and with the SRS phenotype. The second is a 160 kb duplication also inverted and in cis, but resulting in the imprinting alteration of the centromeric domain. It includes the centromeric ICR (ICR2) and the most 5′ 20 kb of the non-coding KCNQ1OT1 gene. Its maternal transmission is associated with ICR2 hypomethylation and the BWS phenotype. By excluding epigenetic mosaicism, cell clones analysis indicated that the two closely located ICR2 sequences resulting from the 160 kb duplication carried discordant DNA methylation on the maternal chromosome and supported the hypothesis that the ICR2 sequence is not sufficient for establishing imprinted methylation and some other property, possibly orientation-dependent, is needed. Furthermore, the 1.2 Mb duplication demonstrated that all features are present for correct imprinting at ICR2 when this is duplicated and inverted within the entire cluster. In the individuals maternally inheriting the 160 kb duplication, ICR2 hypomethylation led to the expression of a truncated KCNQ1OT1 transcript and to down-regulation of CDKN1C. We demonstrated by chromatin RNA immunopurification that the KCNQ1OT1 RNA interacts with chromatin through its most 5′ 20 kb sequence, providing a mechanism likely mediating the silencing activity of this long non-coding RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell’Adolescenza, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Tunster SJ, Van de Pette M, John RM. Fetal overgrowth in the Cdkn1c mouse model of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2011; 4:814-21. [PMID: 21729874 PMCID: PMC3209650 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.007328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the imprinted CDKN1C gene are associated with the childhood developmental disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). Multiple mouse models with deficiency of Cdkn1c recapitulate some aspects of BWS but do not exhibit overgrowth of the newborn, a cardinal feature of patients with BWS. In this study, we found that Cdkn1c mutants attained a 20% increase in weight during gestation but experienced a rapid reversal of this positive growth trajectory very late in gestation. We observed a marked effect on placental development concurrently with this loss of growth potential, with the appearance of large thrombotic lesions in the labyrinth zone. The trilaminar trophoblast layer that separates the maternal blood sinusoids from fetal capillaries was disordered with a loss of sinusoidal giant cells, suggesting a role for Cdkn1c in maintaining the integrity of the maternal-fetal interface. Furthermore, the overgrowth of mutant pups decreased in the face of increasing intrauterine competition, identifying a role for Cdkn1c in the allocation of the maternal resources via the placenta. This work explains one difficulty in precisely replicating BWS in this animal model: the differences in reproductive strategies between the multiparous mouse, in which intrauterine competition is high, and humans, in which singleton pregnancies are more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Tunster
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
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