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da Silva DG, Moura KF, de Souza AC, Silva KGN, Vidigal CB, da Silva Jezuíno J, Gravena RC, Pelosi GG, Gerardin DCC, do Carmo Franco M, Ceravolo GS. Topiramate treatment during the peripubertal period does not alter aortic endothelial function in female Wistar rats. Life Sci 2023:121819. [PMID: 37257581 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the short- and long-term adverse effects of blood pressure (BP), vascular endothelial function, and estrogen receptor (ERα and ERβ) modulation on endothelial function in female Wistar rats treated with topiramate (TPM), an antiepileptic drug, during the peripubertal period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female Wistar rats were treated with TPM (41 mg/kg) or water (CTR group) by gavage from postnatal day (PND) 28 to 50 (peripubertal phase). At the end of the treatment, the TPM and CTR rats were divided into two groups and evaluated after 24 h or from PND 85 (adulthood). The rats were evaluated for: thoracic aorta reactivity to phenylephrine (Phenyl), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP); aortic ring reactivity after ERα and ERβ antagonism; and BP. KEY FINDINGS It was observed that vascular response to Phenyl, ACh, and SNP was similar between TPM and CTR rats in the short- and long-term evaluations. In addition, the ER antagonism did not interfere with aortic contraction or relaxation in either TPM or CTR. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, the results show that TPM treatment during the peripubertal period does not alter aortic endothelial function and its estrogen modulation via classic ER in female Wistar rats, suggesting that TPM treatment in this period is safe for the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Gomes da Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduation Program of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Kawane Fabricio Moura
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduation Program of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina de Souza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Kenny Gutemberg Nunes Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduation Program of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Borecki Vidigal
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Jezuíno
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Cardoso Gravena
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Garcia Pelosi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduation Program of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cristina Ceccato Gerardin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduation Program of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Graziela Scalianti Ceravolo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduation Program of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Passador J, Toffoli LV, Fernandes KB, Neves-Souza RD, Pelosi GG, Gomes MV. Dietary Ingestion of Calories and Micronutrients Modulates the DNA Methylation Profile of Leukocytes from Older Individuals. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:1281-1285. [PMID: 30498838 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several lines of evidence from the last decade support the connection between nutrition and epigenetic mechanisms. In the present study we evaluated the impact of the daily dietary intake of calories and the micronutrients vitamin A, D, B1, B2, B5, C, E, copper, calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine, selenium, manganese, potassium and sodium on the global DNA methylation profile of blood cells from older individuals. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES The study enrolled 126 physically independent elderly of both sexes (60 men and 66 women). For the molecular analysis, DNA samples were extracted from leukocytes and global DNA methylation was evaluated using a high throughput Elisa-based method. Correlations between global DNA methylation and the daily intake of calorie or micronutrients were evaluated using Prism5 GraphPad Software. RESULTS A statistically significant correlation was observed between global DNA methylation and the daily caloric value (p=0.019, r=-0.21), and the intake of vitamin A (p=0.03, r=-0.18), Vitamin E (p=0.027, r=-0.20) and copper (p=0.04, r=-0.18). No correlation was observed between global DNA methylation and the daily intake of vitamin D, B1, B2, B5, C, calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine, selenium, manganese and potassium (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that the daily intake of calories or the micronutrients vitamin A, vitamin E and copper can potentially modulate the global DNA methylation profile of leukocytes in older adults and corroborate the notion of nutritional influences on epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Passador
- Gislaine Garcia Pelosi, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, CCB-UEL, Campus Universitário, Rod Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, CEP 86055-900, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Phone.: +55 43 3371 4201; fax: +55 43 3371 4467, E-mail address:
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dos Santos AH, Vieira ML, de Azevedo Camin N, Anselmo-Franci JA, Ceravolo GS, Pelosi GG, Moreira EG, Kiss ACI, Mesquita SDFP, Gerardin DCC. In utero and lactational exposure to fluoxetine delays puberty onset in female rats offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 62:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Estrada VB, Matsubara NK, Gomes MV, Corrêa FMA, Pelosi GG. Noradrenaline microinjected into the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter causes anxiolytic-like effects in rats tested in the elevated T-maze. Life Sci 2016; 152:94-8. [PMID: 26968783 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (dPAG) is involved in the integration of behavioral and cardiovascular responses caused by fear and anxiety situations. Some studies suggest an involvement of noradrenergic neurotransmission in the dPAG in anxiety modulation, however, there is no evidence about its role in panic attacks. The goal of this work was to study the effect of NA microinjection in dPAG in rats submitted to the elevated T-maze (ETM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar had a cannula implanted in the PAG where it was injected NA in the doses of 1, 3, 15, 45nmol/50nl or artificial cerebrospinal fluid previous the ETM test. KEY FINDINGS NA intra-dPAG decreased inhibitory avoidance behavior in the ETM without changing escape, indicating only an anxiolytic-like effect. Furthermore, the microinjection of NA did not change the general exploratory activity of the animals submitted to the open field test, suggesting that the anxiolytic-like effect is not due to an increase in exploratory activity. SIGNIFICANCE The results indicate an involvement of noradrenergic neurotransmission in the dPAG in defensive reactions associated with generalized anxiety, but not as main mechanisms for the panic, in rats submitted to the elevated T-maze providing support for other research aimed at improving the treatment of generalized anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Batista Estrada
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Natália Kimie Matsubara
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Gomes
- Research Centre on Health Sciences, University of Northern Parana (UNOPAR), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernando Morgan Aguiar Corrêa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Garcia Pelosi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Tsukamoto HF, Costa VDSP, Silva Júnior RAD, Pelosi GG, Marchiori LLDM, Fernandes KBP. Influência do tratamento com fármacos antivertiginosos sobre o equilíbrio postural e qualidade de vida de indivíduos com queixas de tontura. Rev CEFAC 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216201517516714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo: OBJETIVO: avaliar a influência do tratamento com fármacos antivertiginosos sobre a qualidade de vida e o equilíbrio postural de adultos e idosos com queixas de tontura. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, com amostra de 51 indivíduos portadores de queixas de tontura, divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com o uso (grupo medicado, n=25) ou não (grupo não medicado, n=26) de fármacos antivertiginosos. Foram coletadas informações sobre: caracterização dos sintomas (ficha elaborada pelos pesquisadores), autopercepção de qualidade de vida (Dizziness Handicap Inventory),intensidade de tontura (escala visual analógica de tontura) e equilíbrio postural (plataforma de força). RESULTADOS: verificou-se intensidade moderada de tontura (Média: 4,6 ± 2,8) e impacto negativo das vestibulopatias sobre a qualidade de vida (Média: 47,3 ± 22,4) na amostra total. Quando comparados os dois grupos, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na intensidade da tontura (p=0,74) ou qualidade de vida (p=0,79), e também, nos parâmetros da estabilometria, em quatro tarefas (teste t independente, p>0,05). Contudo, após a inclusão do tempo de utilização de fármacos antivertiginosos como uma covariável do estudo, foi verificado pior desempenho nas diferentes tarefas da estabilometria no grupo medicado (ANCOVA, p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: o uso de fármacos antivertiginosos não melhora a qualidade de vida de indivíduos com queixas de tontura e o equilíbrio postural esteve alterado no grupo medicado.
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Kashimoto RK, Toffoli LV, Manfredo MHF, Volpini VL, Martins-Pinge MC, Pelosi GG, Gomes MV. Physical exercise affects the epigenetic programming of rat brain and modulates the adaptive response evoked by repeated restraint stress. Behav Brain Res 2015; 296:286-289. [PMID: 26342282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics has recently been linked to molecular adaptive responses evoked by physical exercise and stress. Herein we evaluated the effects of physical exercise on global DNA methylation and expression of the Dnmt1 gene in the rat brain and also verified its potential to modulate responses evoked by repeated restraint stress (RRS). Wistar rats were classified into the following experimental groups: (1) physically active (EX): animals submitted to swimming during postnatal days 53-78 (PND); (2) stress (ST): animals submitted to RRS during 75-79PND; (3) exercise-stress (EX-ST): animals submitted to swimming during 53-78PND and to RRS during 75-79PND, and (4) control (CTL): animals that were not submitted to intervention. Samples from the hippocampus, cortex and hypothalamus were obtained at 79PND. The global DNA methylation profile was assessed using an ELISA-based method and the expression of Dnmt1 was evaluated by real-time PCR. Significantly increased methylation was observed in the hypothalamus of animals from the EX group in comparison to CTL. Comparative analysis involving the EX-ST and ST groups revealed increased global DNA methylation in the hippocampus, cortex, and hypothalamus of EX-ST, indicating the potential of physical exercise in modulating the responses evoked by RRS. Furthermore, decreased expression of the Dnmt1 gene was observed in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of animals from the EX-ST group. In summary, our data indicate that physical exercise affects DNA methylation of the hypothalamus and might modulate epigenetic responses evoked by RRS in the hippocampus, cortex, and hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Kashimoto
- Universidade Norte do Paraná (Unopar), Londrina, Brazil
| | - L V Toffoli
- Universidade Norte do Paraná (Unopar), Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - V L Volpini
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - G G Pelosi
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - M V Gomes
- Universidade Norte do Paraná (Unopar), Londrina, Brazil.
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Tsukamoto HF, Costa VDSP, Silva RAD, Pelosi GG, Marchiori LLDM, Vaz CRS, Fernandes KBP. Effectiveness of a Vestibular Rehabilitation Protocol to Improve the Health-Related Quality of Life and Postural Balance in Patients with Vertigo. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 19:238-47. [PMID: 26157499 PMCID: PMC4490916 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dizziness can be characterized as a balance disorder that causes discomfort, leading to several functional limitations. Currently, vestibular rehabilitation has been highlighted as a possible treatment. Objective Analyze the effects of completing a vestibular rehabilitation treatment protocol on quality of life and postural balance in patients with vestibular complaints, as well as to compare these effects between the patients taking or not taking antivertigo drugs. Methods A nonrandomized controlled trial was performed with 20 patients previously diagnosed with vestibular diseases. Information regarding vertigo symptoms, quality of life as assessed through the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, visual analog scale of dizziness, and stabilometry using force platform was collected. Patients were treated for 12 weeks by a custom protocol. The sample was divided into two groups according to the use (medicated group, n = 9) or not (control group, n = 11) of antivertigo drugs. Results There was improvement in quality of life (p < 0.001) and intensity of dizziness (p = 0.003) with the intervention. An improvement of postural balance was observed through functional tests. However, no statistically significant difference was noted in stabilometry. When both groups were compared, no statistically significant differences between the variations of the variables analyzed were found in the re-evaluation session. Conclusion Quality of life and postural balance are improved with intervention. However, this improvement is not associated with pharmacologic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloísa Freiria Tsukamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Centro Universitário Filadélfia, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Rubens Alexandre da Silva
- Biological and Health Sciences Research Center, Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Garcia Pelosi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karen Barros Parron Fernandes
- Biological and Health Sciences Research Center, Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Pelosi GG, Busnardo C, Tavares RF, Corrêa FMA. Involvement of non-NMDA glutamate receptors of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the cardiovascular response to the microinjection of noradrenaline into the dorsal periaqueductal gray area of rats. Brain Res 2015; 1602:96-105. [PMID: 25617821 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Garcia Pelosi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Busnardo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fiacadori Tavares
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Morgan Aguiar Corrêa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
A growing body of evidence has drawn the attention of the scientific community by indicating the potential vulnerability to environmental changes of epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression. Being critical components of normal development, the importance of epigenetic mechanisms for normal biology is illustrated by the fact that abnormal epigenetic patterns have increasingly been linked to the aetiology of various diseases including cancer, paediatric syndromes, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders and even the molecular process of ageing. It is estimated that the degree of vulnerability to changes in epigenetic patterns is high during early embryonic development, a period of life in which epigenetic patterns are established and cell differentiation is intense. Moreover, increasing amounts of relevant data and information reveal that the environment might potentially impact on epigenetic patterns at every period of life. Within this context, in this study we will review the principles of epigenetic vulnerability to environmental changes, the impacts on development, the association with the origin of common diseases and also speculate about the potential of lifestyle changes to modulate epigenetic patterns and contribute to preventing common diseases.
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Guethe LM, Pelegrini-da-Silva A, Borelli KG, Juliano MA, Pelosi GG, Pesquero JB, Silva CLM, Corrêa FMA, Murad F, Prado WA, Martins AR. Angiotensin (5-8) modulates nociception at the rat periaqueductal gray via the NO-sGC pathway and an endogenous opioid. Neuroscience 2012; 231:315-27. [PMID: 23219939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensins (Angs) modulate blood pressure, hydro-electrolyte composition, and antinociception. Although Ang (5-8) has generally been considered to be inactive, we show here that Ang (5-8) was the smallest Ang to elicit dose-dependent responses and receptor-mediated antinociception in the rat ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter (vlPAG). Ang (5-8) antinociception seems to be selective, because it did not alter blood pressure or act on vascular or intestinal smooth muscle cells. The non-selective Ang-receptor (Ang-R) antagonist saralasin blocked Ang (5-8) antinociception, but selective antagonists of Ang-R types I, II, IV, and Mas did not, suggesting that Ang (5-8) may act via an unknown receptor. Endopeptidase EP 24.11 and amastatin-sensitive aminopeptidase from the vlPAG catalyzed the synthesis (from Ang II or Ang III) and inactivation of Ang (5-8), respectively. Selective inhibitors of neuronal-nitric oxide (NO) synthase, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and a non-selective opioid receptor (opioid-R) inhibitor blocked Ang (5-8)-induced antinociception. In conclusion, Ang (5-8) is a new member of the Ang family that selectively and strongly modulates antinociception via NO-sGC and endogenous opioid in the vlPAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Guethe
- Department of Psychology, FFCLRP University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-901, SP, Brazil
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Pelosi GG, Busnardo C, Tavares RF, Corrêa FMA. Cardiovascular responses to glutamate microinjection in the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray of unanesthetized rats. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:2193-200. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Deolindo MV, Pelosi GG, Busnardo C, Resstel LBM, Corrêa FMA. Cardiovascular effects of acetylcholine microinjection into the ventrolateral and dorsal periaqueductal gray of rats. Brain Res 2011; 1371:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Garcia Pelosi G, Fiacadori Tavares R, Barros Parron Fernandes K, Morgan Aguiar Corrêa F. Cardiovascular effects of noradrenaline microinjection into the medial part of the superior colliculus of unanesthetized rats. Brain Res 2009; 1290:21-7. [PMID: 19615348 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The superior colliculus (SC) is a mesencephalic area involved in the mediation of defensive movements associated with cardiovascular changes. Noradrenaline (NA) is a neurotransmitter with an important role in central cardiovascular regulation exerted by several structures of the central nervous system. Although noradrenergic nerve terminals have been observed in the SC, there are no reports on the effects of local NA injection into this area. Taking this into consideration, we studied the cardiovascular effects of NA microinjection into the SC of unanesthetized rats. Microinjection of NA into the SC evoked a dose-dependent blood pressure increase and a heart rate decrease in unanesthetized rats. The pressor response to NA was not modified by intravenous pretreatment with the vasopressin v(1)-receptor antagonist dTyr(CH(2))(5)(Me)AVP, indicating a lack of vasopressin involvement in the response mediation. The effect of NA microinjection into the SC was blocked by intravenous pretreatment with the ganglionic blocker pentolinium, indicating its mediation by the sympathetic nervous system. Although the pressor response to NA was not affected by adrenal demedullation, the accompanying bradycardia was potentiated, suggesting some involvement of the sympathoadrenal system in the cardiovascular response to NA microinjection into the SC. In summary, results indicate that stimulation of noradrenergic receptors in the SC causes cardiovascular responses which are mediated by activation of both neural and adrenal sympathetic nervous system components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Garcia Pelosi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pelosi GG, Tavares RF, Corrêa FMA. The diagonal band of Broca is involved in the pressor pathway activated by noradrenaline microinjected into the periaqueductal gray area of rats. Life Sci 2009; 84:444-50. [PMID: 19302815 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The dorsal periaqueductal gray area (dPAG) is involved in cardiovascular modulation. Previously, we reported that noradrenaline (NA) microinjection into the dPAG caused a pressor response that was mediated by vasopressin release into the circulation. However, the neuronal pathway that mediates this response is as yet unknown. There is evidence that chemical stimulation of the diagonal band of Broca (dbB) also causes a pressor response mediated by systemic vasopressin release. In the present study, we evaluated the participation of the dbB in the pressor response caused by NA microinjection into the dPAG as well as the existence of neural connections between these areas. MAIN METHODS With the above goal, we verified the effect of the pharmacological ablation of the dbB on the cardiovascular response to NA microinjection into the dPAG of unanesthetized rats. In addition, we microinjected the neuronal tracer biotinylated-dextran-amine (BDA) into the dPAG and looked for efferent projections from the dPAG to the dbB. KEY FINDINGS The pharmacologically reversible ablation of the dbB with local microinjection of CoCl(2) significantly reduced the pressor response caused by NA microinjection (15 nmol/50 nL) into the dPAG. In addition, BDA microinjection into the dPAG labeled axons in the dbB, pointing to the existence of direct connections between these areas. SIGNIFICANCE The present results indicate that synapses within the dbB are involved in the pressor pathway activated by NA microinjection into the dPAG and direct neural projection from the dPAG to the dbB may constitute the neuroanatomic substrate for this pressor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Garcia Pelosi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) has been implicated in several aspects of cardiovascular control. Stimulation of the PVN evokes changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Additionally, this brain area is connected to several limbic structures implicated in behavioral control, as well as to forebrain and brainstem structures involved in cardiovascular control. This evidence indicates that the PVN may modulate cardiovascular correlates of behavioral responses to stressful stimuli. Acute restraint is an unavoidable stressor that evokes marked and sustained cardiovascular changes, which are characterized by elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP) and an intense heart rate (HR) increase. We report on the effect of inhibition of PVN synapses on MAP and HR responses evoked by acute restraint in rats. Bilateral microinjection of the nonspecific synaptic blocker cobalt (CoCl(2), 1 mM/100 nl) into the PVN did not change the HR response or the initial peak of the MAP response to restraint stress, but reduced the area under the curve of the MAP response. Moreover, bilateral microinjection of cobalt in areas surrounding the PVN did not change the cardiovascular response to restraint. These results indicate that synapses in the PVN are involved in the neural pathway that controls blood pressure changes evoked by restraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Fiacadori Tavares
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Deolindo MV, Pelosi GG, Correa FM. CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF ACETYLCHOLINE MICROINJECTED INTO THE VENTROLATERAL PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY AREA OF RATS. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.737.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Deolindo M, Pelosi GG, Tavares RF, Aguiar Corrêa FM. The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray is involved in the cardiovascular response evoked by l-glutamate microinjection into the lateral hypothalamus of anesthetized rats. Neurosci Lett 2008; 430:124-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pelosi GG, Tavares RF, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Corrêa FMA. Cardiovascular responses to noradrenaline microinjection in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray of unanesthetized rats. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:712-9. [PMID: 17893924 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The periaqueductal gray area (PAG) is a mesencephalic area involved in cardiovascular modulation. Noradrenaline (NA), a neurotransmitter involved in central blood pressure control, is present in the rat PAG. We report here on the cardiovascular effects caused by NA microinjection into the ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG) of unanesthetized rats and the peripheral mechanism involved in their mediation. NA microinjection in the vlPAG of unanesthetized rats evoked dose-related pressor and bradycardiac responses. No significant cardiovascular responses were observed in urethane-anesthetized rats. The pressor response was potentiated by pretreatment with the ganglion blocker pentolinium (5 or 10 mg/kg, intravenously). Pretreatment with the vasopressin antagonist dTyr(CH2)5 (Me)AVP (50 microg/kg, intravenously) blocked the pressor response evoked by the NA microinjection into the vlPAG. Additionally, circulating vasopressin content was found to be significantly increased after NA microinjection in the vlPAG. The results suggest that activation of noradrenergic synapses within the vlPAG modulates vasopressin release in unanesthetized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Garcia Pelosi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fernandes KBP, Tavares RF, Pelosi GG, Corrêa FMA. The paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus mediates the pressor response to noradrenergic stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex in unanesthetized rats. Neurosci Lett 2007; 426:101-5. [PMID: 17890005 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) is a structure that is also involved in cardiovascular modulation. The injection of norepinephrine (NE) into the prelimbic (PL) area of the MPFC of unanesthetized rats evokes a pressor response which is mediated by acute vasopressin release. Vasopressin is synthesized by magnocellular cells of the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus. In the present study, we endeavored to determine which vasopressin-synthesizing hypothalamic nucleus is involved in the pressor pathway activated after NE injection into the PL area of the MPFC. We report here that lidocaine microinjection into the SON did not change the pressor response evoked by NE injection into the PL. However, the response to NE was blocked by prior injection of lidocaine or CoCl(2) into the PVN, indicating that this area is responsible for the mediation of this pressor response. A neuroanatomic experiment in which the neuronal tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was microinjected into the MPFC showed a lack of axons or neuronal cell bodies in the PVN, indicating that there are no direct connections between the PL area of the MPFC and the PVN. The results suggest that the PVN is involved in the mediation of the pressor response to NE in the PL area and that this pathway must relay in other brain structures before reaching the PVN.
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Pelosi GG, Resstel LBM, Corrêa FMA. Dorsal periaqueductal gray area synapses modulate baroreflex in unanesthetized rats. Auton Neurosci 2007; 131:70-6. [PMID: 16914391 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal portion of the periaqueductal gray area (dPAG) is involved in behavioral and cardiovascular control. We report the effect of acute and reversible dPAG blockade by local microinjection of either lidocaine or CoCl2 on the baroreflex response of unanesthetized rats. Acute and reversible blockade evoked by lidocaine microinjection into the dPAG did not affect the bradycardic response to mean arterial pressure (MAP) increases evoked by i.v. infusion of phenylephrine. However, lidocaine increased baroreflex gain and tachycardic reflex in response to MAP decreases evoked by i.v. infusion of sodium nitroprusside, thus suggesting an action on the sympathetic component of the baroreflex. The effects of dPAG synapses blockade caused by CoCl2 were similar to those observed after lidocaine microinjection. CoCl2 microinjection also increased baroreflex gain and tachycardiac responses to MAP decreases without affecting the parasympathetic baroreflex component. In conclusion, our data point to a dPAG tonic inhibitory involvement in baroreflex control, specifically modulating the sympathetic baroreflex component. Temporary dPAG ablation by local microinjection of lidocaine increased the sympathetic baroreflex component. Because CoCl2 microinjection had similar effects on the baroreflex, this modulation involves local synaptic neurotransmission within the dPAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Pelosi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pelosi GG, Peres-Polon VL, Corrêa FMA. Pressor effects of the injection of noradrenaline into different cerebroventricular spaces in unanesthetized rats. Neurosci Lett 2006; 397:165-9. [PMID: 16406312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Revised: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Injection of noradrenaline (NA) into the lateral cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) was reported to cause blood pressure increase in unanesthetized rats, blocked by i.v. injection of vasopressin antagonists. We report similar responses to NA injection into the III or IV ventricles, suggesting multiple sites of action for i.c.v. NA. These responses were blocked by i.v. pretreatment with vasopressin antagonist, suggesting a common mediation by vasopressin release into circulation. Selected ventricular spaces were occluded with Nivea cream plugs to identify ventricular areas responding to i.c.v. NA. III ventricle or aqueduct occlusions markedly reduced pressor responses to i.c.v. NA. Microinjection of NA into the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) caused pressor responses that were similar to those of i.c.v. NA, reinforcing the idea of a site of action in the aqueduct. IV ventricle occlusion only partially blocked the response to i.c.v. NA. The results suggest at least two sites of action for i.c.v. NA in unanesthetized rats. A primary site located in the PAG and another on the IV ventricle wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Garcia Pelosi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Abstract
The periaqueductal grey area (PAG) is a mesencephalic region that is involved in the modulation of cardiovascular changes associated with behavioural responses. Among the neurotransmitters present in the PAG, noradrenaline (NA) is also known to be involved in central nervous system cardiovascular regulation. In the present study we report the cardiovascular effects of the microinjection of NA into the dorsal portion of the PAG (dPAG) of unanaesthetized rats and the peripheral mechanism involved in their mediation. Injection of NA in the dPAG of unanaesthetized rats evoked a dose-dependent pressor response accompanied by bradycardia. The magnitude of the pressor responses was higher at more rostral sites in the dPAG and decreased when NA was injected into the caudal portion of the dPAG. The responses to NA were markedly reduced in urethane-anaesthetized rats. The pressor response was potentiated by i.v. pretreatment with the ganglion blocker pentolinium and blocked by i.v. pretreatment with the vasopressin antagonist dTyr(CH2)5(Me)AVP. The results suggest that activation of noradrenergic receptors within the dPAG can evoke pressor responses, which are mediated by acute vasopressin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Garcia Pelosi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenue Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pajolla GP, Tavares RF, Pelosi GG, Corrêa FMA. Involvement of the periaqueductal gray in the hypotensive response evoked by l-glutamate microinjection in the lateral hypothalamus of unanesthetized rats. Auton Neurosci 2005; 122:84-93. [PMID: 16199207 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is involved in cardiovascular control. L-glutamate (L-glu) stimulation of the LH of unanesthetized rats evoked hypotensive responses without significant heart rate changes. The neuronal pathway that mediates this response is unknown. There is evidence that the periaqueductal gray (PAG) is involved in the mediation of hypotensive responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the LH. In the present study, we attempted to verify the effect of an acute and reversible pharmacological ablation of the PAG with lidocaine or CoCl(2) on the hypotensive response caused by L-glu injection in the LH of unanesthetized rats. Microinjection of the local anesthetic lidocaine or the unspecific synaptic blocker CoCl(2) in the PAG significantly attenuated the hypotensive effects of L-glu stimulation of the LH, indicating the involvement of local synapses within the PAG in the hypotensive pathway activated by LH glutamatergic receptors. Microinjection of the neuronal tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) in the PAG labeled neuronal cell bodies in the LH, indicating the existence of direct connections between these areas. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the hypotensive response evoked by L-glu stimulation of LH may involve a synaptic relay in the dorsal PAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Pugliesi Pajolla
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pajolla GP, Pelosi GG, Corrêa FMA. Involvement of NMDA receptors in the hypotensive response to the injection of l-glutamate into the lateral hypothalamus of unanesthetized rats. Brain Res 2005; 1053:19-26. [PMID: 16038883 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Revised: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report that microinjections of L-glutamate (L-glu) or N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) of unanesthetized rats caused a hypotensive response. Guide cannulas were stereotaxically placed in the LH 3 days before the experiments, under tribromoethanol anesthesia. One day before the experiments, the femoral artery was cannulated for pulsatile arterial pressure (PAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) measurements. In the first experiment, unanesthetized rats received microinjections of 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 nmol/100 nL of L-glu in the LH. Dose-dependent hypotensive responses were observed, without significant concomitant changes in heart rate. In a second group of experiments, 5.0 nmol of L-glu was microinjected into the LH before and 10 min after pretreatment with glutamatergic antagonists. Pretreatments with the non-selective ionotropic glutamatergic-receptor antagonist kynurenic acid or the selective NMDA receptor antagonists AP-7 and LY235959 significantly reduced the hypotensive response to microinjection of L-glu in the LH. Pretreatment with the selective AMPA-receptor antagonist NBQX or with vehicle did not affect the hypotensive response. The present results suggest that the hypotensive response to the injection of L-glu into the LH is mediated by NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Pugliesi Pajolla
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenue Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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