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Gomes-de-Souza L, Busnardo C, Santos A, Paz HS, Resstel LB, Planeta CS, Nunes-de-Souza RL, Crestani CC. Functional lateralization in the medial prefrontal cortex control of contextual conditioned emotional responses in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 133:111015. [PMID: 38653363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A functional lateralization has been reported in control of emotional responses by the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, a hemisphere asymmetry in involvement of the mPFC in expression of fear conditioning responses has never been reported. Therefore, we investigated whether control by mPFC of freezing and cardiovascular responses during re-exposure to an aversively conditioned context is lateralized. For this, rats had guide cannulas directed to the mPFC implanted bilaterally or unilaterally in the right or left hemispheres. Vehicle or the non-selective synaptic inhibitor CoCl2 was microinjected into the mPFC 10 min before re-exposure to a chamber where the animals had previously received footshocks. A catheter was implanted into the femoral artery before the fear retrieval test for cardiovascular recordings. We observed that bilateral microinjection of CoCl2 into the mPFC reduced both the freezing behavior (enhancing locomotion and rearing) and arterial pressure and heart rate increases during re-exposure to the aversively conditioned context. Unilateral microinjection of CoCl2 into the right hemisphere of the mPFC also decreased the freezing behavior (enhancing locomotion and rearing), but without affecting the cardiovascular changes. Conversely, unilateral synaptic inhibition in the left mPFC did not affect either behavioral or cardiovascular responses during fear retrieval test. Taken together, these results suggest that the right hemisphere of the mPFC is necessary and sufficient for expression of freezing behavior to contextual fear conditioning. However, the control of cardiovascular responses and freezing behavior during fear retrieval test is somehow dissociated in the mPFC, being the former bilaterally processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Busnardo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Adrielly Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Higor S Paz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo B Resstel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleopatra S Planeta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L Nunes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Barretto-de-Souza L, Benini R, Reis-Silva LL, Busnardo C, Crestani CC. Role of corticotropin-releasing factor neurotransmission in the lateral hypothalamus on baroreflex impairment evoked by chronic variable stress in rats. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:351-364. [PMID: 38228895 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Despite the importance of physiological responses to stress in a short-term, chronically these adjustments may be harmful and lead to diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. The lateral hypothalamus (LH) has been reported to be involved in expression of physiological and behavioral responses to stress, but the local neurochemical mechanisms involved are not completely described. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurotransmission is a prominent brain neurochemical system implicated in the physiological and behavioral changes induced by aversive threats. Furthermore, chronic exposure to aversive situations affects the CRF neurotransmission in brain regions involved in stress responses. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the influence of CRF neurotransmission in the LH on changes in cardiovascular function and baroreflex activity induced by chronic variable stress (CVS). We identified that CVS enhanced baseline arterial pressure and impaired baroreflex function, which were followed by increased expression of CRF2, but not CRF1, receptor expression within the LH. Local microinjection of either CRF1 or CRF2 receptor antagonist within the LH inhibited the baroreflex impairment caused by CVS, but without affecting the mild hypertension. Taken together, the findings documented in this study suggest that LH CRF neurotransmission participates in the baroreflex impairment related to chronic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Barretto-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Benini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Lilian L Reis-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Busnardo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil.
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Busnardo C, Fassini A, Lopes-Azevedo S, Omena-Giatti L, Goulart MT, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Alves FHF, Corrêa FMA, Crestani CC. ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM IN THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS MODULATES AUTONOMIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES BUT NOT VASOPRESSIN RESPONSE IN A RAT HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK MODEL. Shock 2024; 61:294-303. [PMID: 38150372 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We evaluated the participation of the endocannabinoid system in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) on the cardiovascular, autonomic, and plasma vasopressin (AVP) responses evoked by hemorrhagic shock in rats. For this, the PVN was bilaterally treated with either vehicle, the selective cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonist AM251, the selective fatty acid amide hydrolase amide enzyme inhibitor URB597, the selective monoacylglycerol-lipase enzyme inhibitor JZL184, or the selective transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 antagonist capsazepine. We evaluated changes on arterial pressure, heart rate, tail skin temperature (ST), and plasma AVP responses induced by bleeding, which started 10 min after PVN treatment. We observed that bilateral microinjection of AM251 into the PVN reduced the hypotension during the hemorrhage and prevented the return of blood pressure to baseline values in the posthemorrhagic period. Inhibition of local 2-arachidonoylglycerol metabolism by PVN treatment with JZL184 induced similar effects in relation to those observed in AM251-treated animals. Inhibition of local anandamide metabolism via PVN treatment with URB597 decreased the depressor effect and ST drop induced by the hemorrhagic stimulus. Bilateral microinjection of capsazepine mitigated the fall in blood pressure and ST. None of the PVN treatments altered the increased plasma concentration of AVP and tachycardia induced by hemorrhage. Taken together, present results suggest that endocannabinoid neurotransmission within the PVN plays a prominent role in cardiovascular and autonomic, but not neuroendocrine, responses evoked by hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Busnardo
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Fassini
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Silvana Lopes-Azevedo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Omena-Giatti
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Melissa T Goulart
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine-Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando H F Alves
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine-Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando M A Corrêa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Goulart MT, Busnardo C, Belém-Filho IJA, Benini R, Fassini A, Crestani CC, Godoy AC, Correa FMA, Alves FHF. NMDA receptors in the insular cortex modulate cardiovascular and autonomic but not neuroendocrine responses to restraint stress in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110598. [PMID: 35798175 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The insular cortex (IC) is a brain structure involved in physiological and behavioural responses during stressful events. However, the local neurochemical mechanisms involved in control of stress responses by the IC are poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the involvement of glutamatergic neurotransmission within the IC in cardiovascular, autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to an acute session of restraint stress. For this, the selective NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist LY235959 (1 nmol/100 nL) or the selective non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist NBQX (1 nmol/100 nL) were microinjected into the IC 10 min before the onset of the 60 min session of restraint stress. We observed that the antagonism of NMDA receptors within the IC enhanced the restraint-evoked increase in arterial pressure and heart rate, while blockade of non-NMDA receptors did not affect these cardiovascular responses. Spontaneous baroreflex analysis demonstrated that microinjection of LY235959 into the IC decreased baroreflex activity during restraint stress. The decrease in tail skin temperature during restraint stress was shifted to an increase in animals treated with the NMDA receptor antagonist. Nevertheless, the blockade of either NMDA or non-NMDA glutamate receptors within the IC did not affect the increase in circulating corticosterone levels during restraint stress. Overall, our findings provide evidence that IC glutamatergic neurotransmission, acting via local NMDA receptors, plays a prominent role in the control of autonomic and cardiovascular responses to restraint stress, but without affecting neuroendocrine adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa T Goulart
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine - Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Busnardo
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivaldo J A Belém-Filho
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Benini
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Fassini
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Godoy
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine - Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando M A Correa
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando H F Alves
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine - Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Oliveira LA, Carvalho II, Kurokawa RY, Duarte JDO, Busnardo C, Crestani CC. Differential roles of prelimbic and infralimbic cholinergic neurotransmissions in control of cardiovascular responses to restraint stress in rats. Brain Res Bull 2022; 181:175-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Fortaleza EAT, Busnardo C, Fassini A, Belém-Filho IJA, Almeida-Pereira G, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Morgan Aguiar Corrêa F. Mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular effects caused by acute osmotic stimulation in conscious rats. Stress 2020; 23:221-232. [PMID: 31451018 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1660771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine system are activated by osmotic stimulation (OS) evoking cardiovascular effects. The current study investigated the mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular responses evoked by an acute osmotic stimulus with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of either isotonic (0.15 M NaCl) or hypertonic saline (0.6 M NaCl) in conscious rats. Hypertonic saline increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) for 30 min, as well as plasma osmolality and sodium content. Urinary sodium and urinary volume were also increased. Pretreatment with the ganglion blocker pentolinium (i.v.) did not affect the pressor response, but significantly decreased the tachycardic response caused by OS. Pretreatment with the V1-vasopressin receptor antagonist dTyr(CH2)5(Me)AVP (i.v.) reduced the pressor response, without affecting the tachycardic response evoked by the hypertonic OS. Neither the pressor nor the tachycardic response to OS was affected by pretreatment with either the oxytocin receptor antagonist atosiban or the α1-antagonist prazosin. Pretreatment with the β1-antagonist atenolol had no effect on the pressor response, but markedly decreased the tachycardic response evoked by OS. Results indicate that i.p. hypertonic OS-evoked pressor response is mediated by the release of vasopressin, with a minor influence of the vascular sympathetic input.LAY SUMMARYIncreased plasma osmolality, such as that observed during dehydration or salt intake, is a potent stimulus yielding to marked cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of hypertonic saline solution is a commonly used animal model to cause a sustained increase in plasma osmolality, leading to a cardiovascular response characterized by sustained blood pressure and heart increases, whose systemic mechanisms were presently studied. Our findings indicate that the pressor response to the i.p. osmotic stimulus (OS) is mediated mainly by the release of vasopressin into the blood circulation with a minor or even the noninvolvement of the vascular sympathetic nervous system, whereas activation of the sympathetic-cardiac system mediates the tachycardic response to OS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristiane Busnardo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Fassini
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lopes-Azevedo S, Fortaleza EAT, Busnardo C, Scopinho AA, Matthiesen M, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Corrêa FMA. The Supraoptic Nucleus of the Hypothalamus Modulates Autonomic, Neuroendocrine, and Behavioral Responses to Acute Restraint Stress in Rats. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:10-22. [PMID: 31280264 DOI: 10.1159/000500160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute restraint stress (RS) has been reported to cause neuronal activation in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SON). The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of SON on autonomic (mean arterial pressure [MAP], heart rate [HR], and tail temperature), neuroendocrine (corticosterone, oxytocin, and vasopressin plasma levels), and behavioral responses to RS. METHODS Guide cannulas were implanted bilaterally in the SON of male Wistar rats for microinjection of the unspecific synaptic blocker cobalt chloride (CoCl2, 1 mM) or vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, 100 nL). A catheter was introduced into the femoral artery for MAP and HR recording. Rats were subjected to RS, and it was studied the effect of microinjection of CoCl2 or vehicle into the SON on pressor and tachycardic responses, drop in tail temperature, plasma oxytocin, vasopressin, and corticosterone levels, and anxiogenic-like effect induced by RS. RESULTS SON pretreatment with CoCl2 reduced the RS-induced MAP and HR increase, without affecting the RS-evoked tail temperature decrease. Microinjection of CoCl2 into areas surrounding the SON did not affect RS-induced increase in MAP and HR, reinforcing the idea that SON influences RS-evoked cardiovascular responses. Also, SON pretreatment with CoCl2 reduced RS-induced increase in corticosterone and oxytocin, without affecting vasopressin plasma levels, suggesting its involvement in RS-induced neuroendocrine responses. Finally, the CoCl2 microinjection into SON inhibited the RS-caused delayed anxiogenic-like effect. CONCLUSION The results indicate that SON is an important component of the neural pathway that controls autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses induced by RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Lopes-Azevedo
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil,
| | | | - Cristiane Busnardo
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - América Augusto Scopinho
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Melina Matthiesen
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Morgan Aguiar Corrêa
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Busnardo C, Crestani CC, Scopinho AA, Packard BA, Resstel LBM, Correa FMA, Herman JP. Nitrergic neurotransmission in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus modulates autonomic, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to acute restraint stress in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 90:16-27. [PMID: 30395879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the involvement of nitrergic neurotransmission within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in modulation of local neuronal activation, autonomic and neuroendocrine responses and behavioral consequences of acute restraint stress in rats. Bilateral microinjections of the selective neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) inhibitor Nw-Propyl-L-arginine (NPLA) or the NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO into the PVN reduced arterial pressure and heart rate increases, as well as the fall in cutaneous tail temperature induced by restraint stress. PVN injection of either NPLA or carboxy-PTIO also inhibited restraint-induced increases in anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated plus-maze 24 h later. Local microinjection of NPLA or carboxy-PTIO into the PVN reduced the number of c-fos-immunoreactive neurons in the dorsal parvocellular, ventromedial, medial parvocellular and lateral magnocelllular portions of the PVN in animals subjected to restraint stress. However, neither NPLA nor carboxy-PTIO into the PVN affected restraint-induced increases in plasma corticosterone concentration. The present results indicate that PVN nitrergic neurotransmission acting via nNOS activation has a facilitatory influence on autonomic responses to acute restraint and the delayed emotional consequences of restraint stress. Our results also provide evidence of a prominent role of local nitrergic neurotransmission in PVN neuronal activation during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Busnardo
- Departments of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil
| | - América A Scopinho
- Departments of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benjamin A Packard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Leonardo B M Resstel
- Departments of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando M A Correa
- Departments of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Lopes-Azevedo S, Busnardo C, Corrêa FMA. Central mechanism of the cardiovascular responses caused by L-proline microinjected into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in unanesthetized rats. Brain Res 2016; 1652:43-52. [PMID: 27693394 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that microinjection of L-proline (L-Pro) into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) caused vasopressin-mediated pressor responses in unanesthetized rats. In the present study, we report on the central mechanisms involved in the mediation of the cardiovascular effects caused by the microinjection of L-Pro into the PVN. Microinjection of increasing doses of L-Pro (3-100nmol/100nL) into the PVN caused dose-related pressor and bradycardic responses. No cardiovascular responses were observed after the microinjection of equimolar doses (33nmol/100nL) of its isomer D-Proline (D-Pro) or Mannitol. The PVN pretreatment with either a selective non-NMDA (NBQX) or selective NMDA (LY235959 or DL-AP7) glutamate receptor antagonists blocked the cardiovascular response to L-Pro (33nmol/100nL). The dose-effect curve for the pretreatment with increasing doses of LY235959 was located at the left in relation to the curves for NBQX and DL-AP7, showing that LY235959 is more potent than NBQX, which is more potent than DL-AP7 in inhibiting the cardiovascular response to L-Pro. The cardiovascular response to the microinjection of L-Pro into the PVN was not affected by local pretreatment with Nω-Propyl-l-arginine (N-Propyl), a selective inhibitor of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), suggesting that NO does not mediate the responses to L-Pro in the PVN. In conclusion, the results suggest that ionotropic receptors in the PVN, blocked by both NMDA and non-NMDA receptor antagonists, mediate the pressor response to L-Pro that results from activation of PVN vasopressinergic magnocellular neurons and vasopressin release into the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Lopes-Azevedo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Busnardo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Morgan Aguiar Corrêa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Busnardo C, Crestani CC, Fassini A, Resstel LBM, Corrêa FMA. NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus modulate different stages of hemorrhage-evoked cardiovascular responses in rats. Neuroscience 2016; 320:149-59. [PMID: 26861418 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the involvement of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA glutamate receptors from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in the mediation of cardiovascular changes observed during hemorrhage and post-bleeding periods. In addition, the present study provides further evidence of the involvement of circulating vasopressin and cardiac sympathetic activity in cardiovascular responses to hemorrhage. Systemic treatment with the V1-vasopressin receptor antagonist dTyr(CH2)5(Me)AVP (50 μg/kg, i.v.) increased the latency to the onset of hypotension during hemorrhage and slowed post-bleeding recovery of blood pressure. Systemic treatment with the β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist atenolol (1 mg/kg, i.v.) also increased the latency to the onset of hypotension during hemorrhage. Moreover, atenolol reversed the hemorrhage-induced tachycardia into bradycardia. Bilateral microinjection of the selective NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist LY235959 (2 nmol/100 nL) into the PVN blocked the hypotensive response to hemorrhage and reduced the tachycardia during the post-hemorrhage period. Systemic treatment with dTyr(CH2)5(Me)AVP inhibited the effect of LY235959 on hemorrhage-induced hypotension, without affecting the post-bleeding tachycardia. PVN treatment with the selective non-NMDA receptor antagonist NBQX (2 nmol/100 nL) reduced the recovery of blood pressure to normal levels in the post-bleeding phase and reduced hemorrhage-induced tachycardia. Combined blockade of both NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors in the PVN completely abolished the hypotensive response in the hemorrhage period and reduced the tachycardiac response in the post-hemorrhage period. These results indicate that local PVN glutamate neurotransmission is involved in the neural pathway mediating cardiovascular responses to hemorrhage, via an integrated control involving autonomic nervous system activity and vasopressin release into the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Busnardo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - C C Crestani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - A Fassini
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L B M Resstel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F M A Corrêa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gouveia MK, Miguel TT, Busnardo C, Scopinho AA, Corrêa FM, Nunes-de-Souza RL, Crestani CC. Dissociation in control of physiological and behavioral responses to emotional stress by cholinergic neurotransmission in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in rats. Neuropharmacology 2016; 101:379-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Crestani C, Gouveia M, Miguel. T, Busnardo C, Scopinho A, Corrêa F, Nunes-de-Souza R. Dissociation in control of cardiovascular and behavioral responses to emotional stress by cholinergic neurotransmission in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in rats. Auton Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pelosi GG, Busnardo C, Tavares RF, Corrêa FMA. Involvement of non-NMDA glutamate receptors of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the cardiovascular response to the microinjection of noradrenaline into the dorsal periaqueductal gray area of rats. Brain Res 2015; 1602:96-105. [PMID: 25617821 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Garcia Pelosi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Busnardo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fiacadori Tavares
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Morgan Aguiar Corrêa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Busnardo C, Alves FHF, Crestani CC, Scopinho AA, Resstel LBM, Correa FMA. Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus glutamate neurotransmission modulates autonomic, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to acute restraint stress in rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013. [PMID: 23201369 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the involvement of paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) glutamate receptors in the modulation of autonomic (arterial blood pressure, heart rate and tail skin temperature) and neuroendocrine (plasma corticosterone) responses and behavioral consequences evoked by the acute restraint stress in rats was investigated. The bilateral microinjection of the selective non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist NBQX (2 nmol/ 100 nL) into the PVN reduced the arterial pressure increase as well as the fall in the tail cutaneous temperature induced by the restraint stress, without affecting the stress-induced tachycardiac response. On the other hand, the pretreatment of the PVN with the selective NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist LY235959 (2 nmol/100 nL) was able to increase the stress-evoked pressor and tachycardiac response, without affecting the fall in the cutaneous tail temperature. The treatment of the PVN with LY235959 also reduced the increase in plasma corticosterone levels during stress and inhibited the anxiogenic-like effect observed in the elevated plus-maze 24h after the restraint session. The present results show that NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in the PVN differently modulate responses associated to stress. The PVN glutamate neurotransmission, via non-NMDA receptors, has a facilitatory influence on stress-evoked autonomic responses. On the other hand, the present data point to an inhibitory role of PVN NMDA receptors on the cardiovascular responses to stress. Moreover, our findings also indicate an involvement of PVN NMDA glutamate receptors in the mediation of the plasma corticosterone response as well as in the delayed emotional consequences induced by the restraint stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Busnardo
- Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Busnardo C, Ferreira-Junior NC, Cruz JC, Machado BH, Correa FMA, Resstel LBM. Cardiovascular responses to ATP microinjected into the paraventricular nucleus are mediated by nitric oxide and NMDA glutamate receptors in awake rats. Exp Physiol 2013; 98:1411-21. [PMID: 23733521 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.073619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that a local ATP-NO-NMDA glutamate receptor interaction in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) modulates the baseline mean arterial pressure and heart rate in unanaesthetized rats. The microinjection of α,β-methylene ATP [methyl ATP; 0.06, 0.12 and 1.2 nmol (100 nl)(-1)] into the PVN caused pressor and tachycardiac responses. Cardiovascular responses evoked by methyl ATP [0.12 nmol (100 nl)(-1)] in the PVN were blocked by pretreatment with the ganglion blocker pentolinium (5 mg kg(-1) i.v.). Also, responses to the injection of methyl ATP [0.12 nmol (100 nl)(-1)] into the PVN were reduced by pretreatment with the selective P2 purinergic receptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid [0.5 nmol (100 nl)(-1)], the neuronal NO synthase inhibitor N(ω)-propyl-l-arginine [0.04 nmol (100 nl)(-1)] or the selective NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist LY235959 [2 nmol (100 nl)(-1)]. In addition, an injection of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside [27 nmol (100 nl)(-1)] into the PVN caused similar cardiovascular responses to those observed after methyl ATP, which were blocked by local pretreatment with LY235959. Therefore, the present results suggest that cardiovascular responses evoked by methyl ATP in the PVN involve a local production of NO, which promotes local glutamate release and activation of NMDA receptors that are probably located in pre-autonomic parvocellular neurons, leading to sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Busnardo
- C. Busnardo: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lopes-Azevedo S, Scopinho AA, Busnardo C, Aguiar Corrêa FM. Cardiovascular effects of the microinjection of L-proline into the third ventricle or the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in unanesthetized rats. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:2183-92. [PMID: 22740501 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the cardiovascular effects of the microinjection of L-proline (L-Pro) into the third ventricle (3V) and its peripheral mechanisms. Different doses of L-Pro into the 3V caused dose-related pressor and bradycardiac responses. The pressor response to L-Pro injected into the 3V was potentiated by intravenous pretreatment with the ganglion blocker pentolinium (5 mg/kg), thus excluding any significant involvement of the sympathetic nervous system. Because the response to the microinjection of L-Pro into the 3V was blocked by intravenous pretreatment with the V1-vasopressin receptor antagonist dTyr(CH(2) )(5) (Me)AVP (50μg/kg), it is suggested that these cardiovascular responses are mediated by a vasopressin release. The pressor response to the microinjection of L-Pro into the 3V was found to be mediated by circulating vasopressin, so, given that the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is readily accessible from the 3V, we investigated whether the PVN could be a site of action for the L-Pro microinjected in the 3V. The microinjection of L-Pro (0.033 μmoles/0.1 μl) into the PVN caused cardiovascular responses similar to those of injection of the 3V and were also shown to be mediated by vasopressin release. In conclusion, these results show that the microinjection of L-Pro into the 3V causes pressor and bradycardiac responses that could involve stimulation of the magnocellular cells of the PVN and release of vasopressin into the systemic circulation. Also, because the microinjection of L-Pro into the PVN caused a pressor response, this is the first evidence of cardiovascular effects caused by its injection in a supramedullary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Lopes-Azevedo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pelosi GG, Busnardo C, Tavares RF, Corrêa FMA. Cardiovascular responses to glutamate microinjection in the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray of unanesthetized rats. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:2193-200. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Busnardo C, Crestani CC, Resstel LBM, Tavares RF, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Corrêa FMA. Ionotropic glutamate receptors in hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei mediate vasopressin and oxytocin release in unanesthetized rats. Endocrinology 2012; 153:2323-31. [PMID: 22396452 PMCID: PMC3339645 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report changes in plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) concentrations evoked by the microinjection of l-glutamate (l-glu) into the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of unanesthetized rats, as well as which local mechanisms are involved in their mediation. l-Glu microinjection (10 nmol/100 nl) into the SON increased the circulating levels of both AVP and OT. The AVP increases were blocked by local pretreatment with the selective non-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX) (2 nmol/100 nl), but it was not affected by pretreatment with the NMDA-receptor antagonist LY235959 (2 nmol/100 nl). The OT response to l-glu microinjection into the SON was blocked by local pretreatment with either NBQX or LY235959. Furthermore, the administration of either the non-NMDA receptor agonist (±)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid hydrobromide (AMPA) (5 nmol/100 nl) or NMDA receptor agonist NMDA (5 nmol/100 nl) into the SON had no effect on OT baseline plasma levels, but when both agonists were microinjected together these levels were increased. l-Glu microinjection into the PVN did not change circulating levels of either AVP or OT. However, after local pretreatment with LY235959, the l-glu microinjection increased plasma levels of the hormones. The l-glu microinjection into the PVN after the local treatment with NBQX did not affect the circulating AVP and OT levels. Therefore, results suggest the AVP release from the SON is mediated by activation of non-NMDA glutamate receptors, whereas the OT release from this nucleus is mediated by an interaction of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors. The present study also suggests an inhibitory role for NMDA receptors in the PVN on the release of AVP and OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Busnardo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Azevedo SL, Busnardo C, Aguiar Côrrea FM. PERIPHERAL MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE PRESSOR RESPONSE TO L‐PROLINE INTO THE SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1124.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Alves FHF, Crestani CC, Busnardo C, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Gomes FV, Resstel LBM, Corrêa FMA. Hypothalamic supraoptic but not paraventricular nucleus is involved in cardiovascular responses to carbachol microinjected into the bed nucleus of stria terminalis of unanesthetized rats. Brain Res 2011; 1393:31-43. [PMID: 21466795 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microinjection of the cholinergic agonist carbachol into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) has been reported to cause pressor response in unanesthetized rats, which was shown to be mediated by an acute release of vasopressin into the systemic circulation and followed by baroreflex-mediated bradycardia. In the present study, we tested the possible involvement of the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei in the pressor response evoked by carbachol microinjection into the BST of unanesthetized rats. For this, cardiovascular responses following carbachol (1 nmol/100 nL) microinjection into the BST were studied before and after PVN or SON pretreatment, either ipsilateral or contralateral in relation to BST microinjection site, with the nonselective neurotransmission blocker cobalt chloride (CoCl₂, 1 mM/100 nL). Carbachol microinjection into the BST evoked pressor response. Moreover, BST treatment with carbachol significantly increased plasma vasopressin levels, thus confirming previous evidences that carbachol microinjection into the BST evokes pressor response due to vasopressin release into the circulation. SON pretreatment with CoCl₂, either ipsilateral or contralateral in relation to BST microinjection site, inhibited the pressor response to carbachol microinjection into the BST. However, CoCl₂ microinjection into the ipsilateral or contralateral PVN did not affect carbachol-evoked pressor response. In conclusion, our results suggest that pressor response to carbachol microinjection into the BST is mediated by SON magnocellular neurons, without significant involvement of those in the PVN. The results also indicate that responses to carbachol microinjection into the BST are mediated by a neural pathway that depends on the activation of both ipsilateral and contralateral SON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando H F Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Deolindo MV, Pelosi GG, Busnardo C, Resstel LBM, Corrêa FMA. Cardiovascular effects of acetylcholine microinjection into the ventrolateral and dorsal periaqueductal gray of rats. Brain Res 2011; 1371:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Blanco E, Martins-Pinge M, Oliveira-Sales E, Busnardo C. Involvement of nitric oxide pathways in neurogenic pulmonary edema induced by vagotomy. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:1061-6. [PMID: 21808876 PMCID: PMC3129955 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000600024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the involvement of peripheral nitric oxide (NO) in vagotomy-induced pulmonary edema by verifying whether the nitric oxide synthases (NOS), constitutive (cNOS) and inducible (iNOS), participate in this mechanism. INTRODUCTION It has been proposed that vagotomy induces neurogenic pulmonary edema or intensifies the edema of other etiologies. METHODS Control and vagotomized rats were pretreated with 0.3 mg/kg, 3.0 mg/kg or 39.0 mg/kg of L-NAME, or with 5.0 mg/kg, 10.0 mg/kg or 20.0 mg/kg of aminoguanidine. All animals were observed for 120 minutes. After the animals' death, the trachea was catheterized in order to observe tracheal fluid and to classify the severity of pulmonary edema. The lungs were removed and weighed to evaluate pulmonary weight gain and edema index. RESULTS Vagotomy promoted pulmonary edema as edema was significantly higher than in the control. This effect was modified by treatment with L-NAME. The highest dose, 39.0 mg/kg, reduced the edema and prolonged the survival of the animals, while at the lowest dose, 0.3 mg/kg, the edema and reduced survival rates were maintained. Aminoguanidine, regardless of the dose inhibited the development of the edema. Its effect was similar to that observed when the highest dose of L-NAME was administered. It may be that the non-selective blockade of cNOS by the highest dose of L-NAME also inhibited the iNOS pathway. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that iNOS could be directly involved in pulmonary edema induced by vagotomy and cNOS appears to participate as a protector mechanism.
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Crestani CC, Alves FH, Busnardo C, Resstel LB, Correa FM. N-Methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus modulate cardiac component of the baroreflex in unanesthetized rats. Neurosci Res 2010; 67:317-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pelosi GG, Tavares RF, Busnardo C, Corrêa FM. Paraventricular nucleus mediates pressor response to noradrenaline injection into the dorsal periaqueductal gray area. Auton Neurosci 2009; 151:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Busnardo C, Tavares RF, Corrêa FM. Role of N-methyl-D-aspartate and non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the cardiovascular effects of L-glutamate microinjection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of unanesthetized rats. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:2066-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Crestani CC, Busnardo C, Tavares RF, Alves FHF, Correa FMA. Involvement of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus non-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the pressor response to noradrenaline microinjected into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of unanesthetized rats. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 29:2166-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Crestani CC, Tavares RF, Busnardo C, Alves FH, Correa FM. Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus non‐NMDA receptors mediate the pressor response to noradrenaline microinjected into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of unanesthetized rats. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.1019.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cesar Crestani
- PharmacologySchool of Medicine of Ribeirao PretoUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoBrazil
| | - Rodrigo F. Tavares
- PharmacologySchool of Medicine of Ribeirao PretoUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoBrazil
| | - Cristiane Busnardo
- PharmacologySchool of Medicine of Ribeirao PretoUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoBrazil
| | - Fernando H.F. Alves
- PharmacologySchool of Medicine of Ribeirao PretoUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoBrazil
| | - Fernando M.A. Correa
- PharmacologySchool of Medicine of Ribeirao PretoUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoBrazil
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Busnardo C, Tavares RF, Resstel L, Crestani CC, Correa FMA. Nitric Oxide mediating L‐glutamate cardiovascular responses in the paraventricular nucleus in unanesthetized rats. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.1019.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Busnardo
- PharmacologySchool of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto ‐ University of São PauloRibeirão PretoBrazil
| | | | - Leonardo Resstel
- PharmacologySchool of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto ‐ University of São PauloRibeirão PretoBrazil
| | - Carlos Cesar Crestani
- PharmacologySchool of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto ‐ University of São PauloRibeirão PretoBrazil
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Busnardo C, Tavares RF, Corrêa FMA. Mechanisms involved in the pressor response to noradrenaline microinjection into the supraoptic nucleus of unanesthetized rats. Auton Neurosci 2008; 145:63-70. [PMID: 19059010 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on the cardiovascular effects of noradrenaline (NA) microinjection into the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) as well as the central and peripheral mechanisms involved in their mediation. Microinjections of NA 1, 3, 10, 30 or 45 nmol/100 nL into the SON caused dose-related pressor and bradycardiac response in unanesthetized rats. The response to NA 10 nmol was blocked by SON pretreatment with 15 nmol of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist RX821002 and not affected by pretreatment with equimolar dose of the selective alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist WB4101, suggesting that local alpha(2)-adrenoceptors mediate these responses. Pretreatment of the SON with the nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol 15 nmol did not affect the pressor response to NA microinjection of into the SON. Moreover, the microinjection of the 100 nmol of the selective alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine (MET) into the SON did not cause cardiovascular response while the microinjection of the selective alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists BHT920 (BHT, 100 nmol) or clonidine (CLO, 5 nmol) caused pressor and bradycardiac responses, similar to that observed after the microinjection of NA. The pressor response to NA was potentiated by intravenous pretreatment with the ganglion blocker pentolinium and was blocked by intravenous pretreatment with the V(1)-vasopressin receptor antagonist dTyr(CH2)5(Me)AVP, suggesting an involvement of circulating vasopressin in this response. In conclusion, our results suggest that pressor responses caused by microinjections of NA into the SON involve activation of local alpha(2)-adrenoceptor receptors and are mediated by vasopressin release into circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Busnardo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14090-090, Brazil
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Scopinho AA, Tavares RF, Busnardo C, Corrêa FMA. Non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus mediate the pressor response evoked by noradrenaline microinjected into the lateral septal area in rats. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:3203-11. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Crestani CC, Tavares RF, Busnardo C, Alves FHF, Correa FMA. Involvement of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus on the cardiovascular responses to noradrenaline microinjected into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of unanesthetized rats. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.737.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cesar Crestani
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoBrazil
| | - Rodrigo Fiacori Tavares
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoBrazil
| | - Cristiane Busnardo
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoBrazil
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Busnardo C, Tavares RF, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Corrêa FMA. Cardiovascular effects of l-glutamate microinjection in the supraoptic nucleus of unanaesthetized rats. Neuropharmacology 2007; 52:1378-84. [PMID: 17367824 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report on the cardiovascular effects of L-glutamate (L-glu) microinjection in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) as well as possible receptor and mechanisms involved. Microinjection of L-glu in 100 nL in the SON caused dose-related pressor and bradycardic responses in unanesthetized rats. Responses were markedly reduced in urethane-anesthetized rats. The response to L-glu 10 nmol was blocked by local pretreatment with 2 nmol of the non-NMDA-receptors antagonist NBQX and not affected by 2 nmol of the selective NMDA-receptor antagonist LY 235959, suggesting that non-NMDA receptors mediate these responses. The pressor and bradycardic response to L-glu was potentiated by intravenous pretreatment with the ganglion blocker pentolinium and was blocked by intravenous pretreatment with the V1-vasopressin receptor antagonist dTyr(CH2)5(Me)AVP, suggesting involvement of circulating vasopressin in this response. Additionally L-glu microinjection into the SON increased plasma vasopressin levels (control: 1.3 +/- 0.2 pg/mL, n = 6; L-glu: 14.7+/-2.3 pg/mL, n=6). In conclusion the results suggest that pressor responses to SON microinjection of L-glu are caused by activation of non-NMDA glutamate receptors and mediated by vasopressin release into systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Busnardo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049 900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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