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Schmitz I, da Silva A, Bobermin LD, Gonçalves CA, Steiner J, Quincozes-Santos A. The Janus face of antipsychotics in glial cells: Focus on glioprotection. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2120-2130. [PMID: 38230521 PMCID: PMC10800129 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231222027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotics are commonly prescribed to treat several neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, mania in bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, delirium, and organic or secondary psychosis, for example, in dementias such as Alzheimer's disease. There is evidence that typical antipsychotics such as haloperidol are more effective in reducing positive symptoms than negative symptoms and/or cognitive deficits. In contrast, atypical antipsychotic agents have gained popularity over typical antipsychotics, due to fewer extrapyramidal side effects and their theoretical efficacy in controlling both positive and negative symptoms. Although these therapies focus on neuron-based therapeutic schemes, glial cells have been recognized as important regulators of the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as targets to improve the efficacy of these drugs. Glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) are critical for the central nervous system in both physiological and pathological conditions. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells and play important roles in brain homeostasis, regulating neurotransmitter systems and gliotransmission, since they express a wide variety of functional receptors for different neurotransmitters. In addition, converging lines of evidence indicate that psychiatric disorders are commonly associated with the triad neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity, and that glial cells may contribute to the gliotoxicity process. Conversely, glioprotective molecules attenuate glial damage by generating specific responses that can protect glial cells themselves and/or neurons, resulting in improved central nervous system (CNS) functioning. In this regard, resveratrol is well-recognized as a glioprotective molecule, including in clinical studies of schizophrenia and autism. This review will provide a summary of the dual role of antipsychotics on neurochemical parameters associated with glial functions and will highlight the potential activity of glioprotective molecules to improve the action of antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaviany Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Amanda da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
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Kozlowski T, Bargiel W, Grabarczyk M, Skibinska M. Peripheral S100B Protein Levels in Five Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1334. [PMID: 37759935 PMCID: PMC10527471 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Five major psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, autistic spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, show a shared genetic background and probably share common pathobiological mechanisms. S100B is a calcium-binding protein widely studied in psychiatric disorders as a potential biomarker. Our systematic review aimed to compare studies on peripheral S100B levels in five major psychiatric disorders with shared genetic backgrounds to reveal whether S100B alterations are disease-specific. EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched for relevant studies published until the end of July 2023. This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines. Overall, 1215 publications were identified, of which 111 full-text articles were included in the systematic review. Study designs are very heterogeneous, performed mostly on small groups of participants at different stages of the disease (first-episode or chronic, drug-free or medicated, in the exacerbation of symptoms or in remission), and various clinical variables are analyzed. Published results are inconsistent; most reported elevated S100B levels across disorders included in the review. Alterations in S100B peripheral levels do not seem to be disease-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kozlowski
- Student’s Research Group “Biology of the Neuron”, Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Weronika Bargiel
- Student’s Research Group “Biology of the Neuron”, Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Grabarczyk
- Student’s Research Group “Biology of the Neuron”, Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Skibinska
- Protein Biomarkers Unit, Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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Shamir A, Yitzhaky A, Segev A, Haroutunian V, Katsel P, Hertzberg L. Up-Regulation of S100 Gene Family in Brain Samples of a Subgroup of Individuals with Schizophrenia: Meta-analysis. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:388-401. [PMID: 37005977 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The S100 proteins family is known to affect neuroinflammation and astrocyte activation, which have been suggested to be contributors to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. We conducted a systematic meta-analysis of S100 genes differential expression in postmortem samples of patients with schizophrenia vs. healthy controls, following the commonly used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Twelve microarray datasets met the inclusion criteria (overall 511 samples, 253 schizophrenia and 258 controls were analyzed). Nine out of 21 genes were significantly up-regulated or with tendency for up-regulation. A per-sample fold change analysis indicated that the S100 genes' up-regulation was concentrated in a subgroup of the patients. None of the genes have been found to be down-regulated. ANXA3, which encodes Annexin 3 protein and was associated with neuroinflammation, was up-regulated and positively correlated with the S100 genes' expression pattern. In addition, astrocytes and endothelial cell markers were significantly correlated with S100A8 expression. S100 correlation with ANXA3 and endothelial cell markers suggests that the up-regulation we detected reflects increased inflammation. However, it might also reflect astrocytes abundance or activation. The fact that S100 proteins were shown to be up-regulated in blood samples and other body fluids of patients with schizophrenia suggests a potential role as biomarkers, which might help disease subtyping, and the development of etiological treatments for immune dysregulation in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Shamir
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assif Yitzhaky
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviv Segev
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, 13 Aliat Hanoar St, 45100, Hod Hasharon, Israel
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry (MIRECC), James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Pavel Katsel
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Libi Hertzberg
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, 13 Aliat Hanoar St, 45100, Hod Hasharon, Israel.
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Li X, Hu S, Liu P. Vascular-related biomarkers in psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1241422. [PMID: 37692299 PMCID: PMC10486913 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1241422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While the molecular underpinnings of vascular dysfunction in psychosis are under active investigation, their implications remain unclear due to inconsistent and sometimes sparse observations. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to critically assess the alterations of vascular-related molecules in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of patients with psychotic disorders compared with healthy individuals. Methods Databases were searched from inception to February 23, 2023. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the effects of clinical correlates. Results We identified 93 eligible studies with 30 biomarkers investigated in the CSF and/or blood. Among the biomarkers examined, psychotic disorders were associated with elevated CSF-to-serum albumin ratio (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-1.02); blood S100B (SMD, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.59-1.17), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9; SMD, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.86), and zonulin (SMD, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.04-2.30). The blood levels of S100B, MMP-9, nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) were altered in patient subgroups differing in demographic and clinical characteristics. Blood S100B level was positively correlated with age and duration of illness. Substantial between-study heterogeneity was observed in most molecules. Conclusion The alterations in certain vascular-related fluid markers in psychotic disorders suggest disturbances in normal vascular structures and functions. However, not all molecules examined displayed clear evidence of changes. While potential impacts of clinical factors, including the administered treatment, were identified, the exploration remained limited. Further studies are needed to investigate the diverse patterns of expression, and understand how these abnormalities reflect the pathophysiology of psychosis and the impact of clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pozi Liu
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Andreou D, Steen NE, Jørgensen KN, Smelror RE, Wedervang-Resell K, Nerland S, Westlye LT, Nærland T, Myhre AM, Joa I, Reitan SMK, Vaaler A, Morken G, Bøen E, Elvsåshagen T, Boye B, Malt UF, Aukrust P, Skrede S, Kroken RA, Johnsen E, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Ueland T, Agartz I. Lower circulating neuron-specific enolase concentrations in adults and adolescents with severe mental illness. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1479-1488. [PMID: 35387700 PMCID: PMC10009386 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental abnormalities have been suggested to be part of the etiopathology of severe mental illness (SMI). Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), mainly located in the neuronal cytoplasm, may indicate the process as it is upregulated after neuronal injury while a switch from non-neuronal enolase to NSE occurs during neuronal maturation. METHODS We included 1132 adult patients with SMI [schizophrenia (SZ) or bipolar spectrum disorders], 903 adult healthy controls (HC), 32 adolescent patients with SMI and 67 adolescent HC. Plasma NSE concentrations were measured by enzyme immunoassay. For 842 adults and 85 adolescents, we used total grey matter volume (TGMV) based on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images processed in FreeSurfer v6.0. We explored NSE case-control differences in adults and adolescents separately. To investigate whether putative case-control differences in NSE were TGMV-dependent we controlled for TGMV. RESULTS We found significantly lower NSE concentrations in both adult (p < 0.001) and adolescent patients with SMI (p = 0.007) compared to HC. The results remained significant after controlling for TGMV. Among adults, both patients with SZ spectrum (p < 0.001) and bipolar spectrum disorders (p = 0.005) had lower NSE than HC. In both patient subgroups, lower NSE levels were associated with increased symptom severity. Among adults (p < 0.001) and adolescents (p = 0.040), females had lower NSE concentrations than males. CONCLUSION We found lower NSE concentrations in adult and adolescent patients with SMI compared to HC. The results suggest the lack of progressive neuronal injury, and may reflect abnormal neuronal maturation. This provides further support of a neurodevelopmental rather than a neurodegenerative mechanism in SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Andreou
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Nordbø Jørgensen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Runar Elle Smelror
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Wedervang-Resell
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Unit, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stener Nerland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Nærland
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NevSom, Department of Rare Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Margrethe Myhre
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge Joa
- TIPS – Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health, Network for Medical Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Solveig Merete Klæbo Reitan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Mental Health, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- St Olavs Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Vaaler
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Mental Health, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- St Olavs Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gunnar Morken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Mental Health, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- St Olavs Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Psychosomatic and C-L Psychiatry, Adult, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Boye
- Psychosomatic and C-L Psychiatry, Adult, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrik Fredrik Malt
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Skrede
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Andreas Kroken
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Serum s100b protein levels as a neuroinflammatory biomarker of acutely relapsed paranoid schizophrenia patients. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2022; 35:138-146. [PMID: 36503534 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2022.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The s100b inflammatory protein is involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology. We aim at studying the evolution of the s100b serum levels in acutely relapsed paranoid schizophrenia patients at three different time points (admission, discharge and 3 months after hospital discharge 3MAHD). METHODS Twenty-three paranoid schizophrenia inpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria participated in the research. Twenty-three healthy subjects matched by age, gender and season acted as the control group. Psychopathology was measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Serum s100b levels were determined at 12:00 and 24:00 h with an enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. RESULTS Patients had significant higher serum s100b levels at admission and discharge (12:00 h) than the group of healthy subjects. At admission and discharge, s100b serum levels at 24 h had decreased compared to the 24:00 h s100b levels of the healthy subjects. At 3MAHD patients and healthy subjects had similar levels of serum s100b protein. Positive and negative PANSS scores decreased significantly between admission and discharge. Positive and negative PANSS scores decreased between discharge and 3MAHD, but these changes had no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that the acute inflammatory response produced in acutely relapsed patients is reversed after 3 month of hospital discharge. The variations of serum s100b concentrations when the patients suffer from an acute relapse may be a useful predictor of disease evolution.
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Mackey M, Holleran L, Donohoe G, McKernan DP. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Damage Associated Molecular Patterns HMGB1 and S100B in Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:981-990. [PMID: 36588432 PMCID: PMC9806506 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune system dysregulation is hypothesised to be central to the aetiopathogenesis of schizophrenia; however, the role of sterile inflammation remains unclear. Damage associated molecular patterns are key initiators of sterile inflammation and are detectable in peripheral blood. METHODS A defined systematic search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus was performed to identify adult case-control studies published between January 1990 and June 2022. Three studies consisting of 242 cases and 83 controls met inclusion for the systematic review and meta-analysis of HMGB1 while twenty-eight studies consisting of 1,544 cases and 1,248 healthy controls were included for S100B. RESULTS A significant standardised mean difference in peripheral S100B and HMGB1 concentrations was detected between cases and controls. S100B subgroup analysis determined the largest significant effect size for unmedicated individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that peripheral S100B and HMGB1 concentrations are elevated in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia when compared with healthy controls. These results should be interpreted with caution as significant heterogeneity was present during meta-analysis of S100B in the entire sample and in sub-group analysis. The persistence of significant heterogeneity throughout subgroup analysis indicates that the current diagnostic groupings may be a barrier to understanding human behaviours and emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mackey
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Gary Donohoe
- School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Declan P. McKernan
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Polyakova M, Mueller K, Arelin K, Lampe L, Rodriguez FS, Luck T, Kratzsch J, Hoffmann KT, Riedel-Heller S, Villringer A, Schoenknecht P, Schroeter ML. Increased Serum NSE and S100B Indicate Neuronal and Glial Alterations in Subjects Under 71 Years With Mild Neurocognitive Disorder/Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:788150. [PMID: 35910248 PMCID: PMC9329528 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.788150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a pre-stage of different dementia syndromes. Despite diagnostic criteria refined by DSM-5 and a new term for MCI – “mild neurocognitive disorder” (mild NCD) – this diagnosis is still based on clinical criteria. Methods To link mild NCD to the underlying pathophysiology we assessed the degree of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in the brain and peripheral biomarkers for neuronal integrity (neuron-specific enolase, NSE), plasticity (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF), and glial function (S100B) in 158 community-dwelling subjects with mild NCD and 82 healthy controls. All participants (63–79 years old) were selected from the Leipzig-population-based study of adults (LIFE). Results Serum S100B levels were increased in mild NCD in comparison to controls (p = 0.007). Serum NSE levels were also increased but remained non-significant after Bonferroni-Holm correction (p = 0.04). Furthermore, age by group interaction was significant for S100B. In an age-stratified sub-analysis, NSE and S100B were higher in younger subjects with mild NCD below 71 years of age. Some effects were inconsistent after controlling for potentially confounding factors. The discriminatory power of the two biomarkers NSE and S100B was insufficient to establish a pathologic threshold for mild NCD. In subjects with mild NCD, WMH load correlated with serum NSE levels (r = 0.20, p = 0.01), independently of age. Conclusion Our findings might indicate the presence of neuronal (NSE) and glial (S100B) injury in mild NCD. Future studies need to investigate whether younger subjects with mild NCD with increased biomarker levels are at risk of developing major NCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Polyakova
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE–Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Maryna Polyakova
| | - Karsten Mueller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Arelin
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE–Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leonie Lampe
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE–Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francisca S. Rodriguez
- LIFE–Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Research Group Psychosocial Epidemiology and Public Health, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tobias Luck
- LIFE–Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- LIFE–Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- LIFE–Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE–Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Clinic, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Schoenknecht
- LIFE–Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Affiliated Hospital Arnsdorf, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias L. Schroeter
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE–Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Ranganathan M, Rahman M, Ganesh S, D'Souza DC, Skosnik PD, Radhakrishnan R, Pathania S, Mohanakumar T. Analysis of circulating exosomes reveals a peripheral signature of astrocytic pathology in schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:33-45. [PMID: 33821753 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1907720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, cross the blood brain barrier with their contents intact and can be assayed peripherally. Circulating exosomes have been studied in other neurodegenerative disorders, but there is scarce data in schizophrenia. This study aimed to examine neuropathology-relevant protein biomarkers in circulating plasma-derived exosomes from patients with schizophrenia and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. METHODS Nanoparticle tracking analysis was used to determine the size and concentration of exosomes. Exosomal membrane marker (CD9) and specific target cargo protein (glial fibrillary acid protein[GFAP], synaptophysin, and α-II-Spectrin) immunopositivity was examined using Western blot analyses with band intensity quantified. Methods were consistent with the 'Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018' (MISEV2018) guidelines. RESULTS Exosomal GFAP concentration was significantly higher and α-II-Spectrin expression significantly lower in plasma obtained from schizophrenia patients. No group differences were observed between in plasma exosomal concentration and size or in CD9, calnexin, or synaptophysin levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a differential pattern of exosomal protein expression in schizophrenia compared to matched healthy controls, consistent with the hypothesised astroglial pathology in this disorder. These results warrant further examination of circulating exosomes as vehicles of novel peripheral biomarkers of disease in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Ranganathan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mohamed Rahman
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Suhas Ganesh
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Deepak C D'Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrick D Skosnik
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rajiv Radhakrishnan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Surbhi Pathania
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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10
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Wang Y, Amdanee N, Zhang X. Exosomes in schizophrenia: Pathophysiological mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e61. [PMID: 36082534 PMCID: PMC9532215 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While schizophrenia (SCZ) is a devastating psychiatric disorder that detrimentally affects a significant portion of the worldwide population, its diagnosis is traditionally based on a relatively subjective assessment of current symptoms and medical history, devoid of an objective diagnostic modality. Antipsychotic medications are commonly used in the treatment of SCZ; however, some patients have low remission rates or forsake treatment due to the associated multiple side effects, resulting in recurrent episodes of the disease and poor prognosis. These situations imply that the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of SCZ need to be improved to increase the odds of a better outcome. Mounting studies have found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play essential roles in the central nervous system. They are implicated in several mechanisms closely associated with SCZ such as cellular communication and synaptic plasticity. They can additionally exhibit neuroprotective and therapeutic effects. Since they possess distinct constituents, are readily available, easily detectable, and dependent on the internal environment, they can potentially serve as reliable biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Moreover, their biological configuration along with their ability to increase the bioavailability of their constituents and modulate intricate intracellular reactions in target cells, propel EVs as new targets for treatment. This review paper summarizes relevant research pertaining to the roles of EVs in SCZ, with the aim of improving insights into SCZ pathogenesis and evaluating EVs as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of SCZ.
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11
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Steinacker P, Al Shweiki MR, Oeckl P, Graf H, Ludolph AC, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Otto M. Glial fibrillary acidic protein as blood biomarker for differential diagnosis and severity of major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 144:54-58. [PMID: 34600287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been connected to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and neurochemical biomarkers of glial pathology could aid the diagnosis and might support patient stratification and monitoring in clinical trials. Our study aimed to determine the utility of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of astrocyte activation, for the differential diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. Employing Simoa technology we measured levels of GFAP in prospectively collected serum samples from 81 age-matched patients with MDD, schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BP), and healthy controls (HC). Highest GFAP levels were determined for MDD. At a cut-off of 130 pg/ml, MDD could be discriminated with 87% sensitivity from SZ and BP (specificity 70%) and from HC (specificity 56%). GFAP levels increased with age (r = 0.5236, p = 0.0002) and with MDD severity quantified based on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (r = 0.4308, p = 0.0221). Neurofilament light chain serum levels were not different in the diagnostic groups and not associated with GFAP levels (r = 0.0911, p = 0.576) pointing to an independence of astrocyte activation on neurodegeneration. Our study provides first evidence that serum GFAP levels could improve the differential diagnosis of MDD and that depression severity could be objectively quantified using serum GFAP levels. Furthermore, serum GFAP might represent a marker to monitor astroglial pathology in the course of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Steinacker
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Graf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Hospital, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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12
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Katisko K, Cajanus A, Huber N, Jääskeläinen O, Kokkola T, Kärkkäinen V, Rostalski H, Hartikainen P, Koivisto AM, Hannonen S, Lehtola JM, Korhonen VE, Helisalmi S, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Herukka SK, Remes AM, Solje E, Haapasalo A. GFAP as a biomarker in frontotemporal dementia and primary psychiatric disorders: diagnostic and prognostic performance. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:1305-1312. [PMID: 34187866 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-326487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and primary psychiatric disorders (PPD) are characterised by overlapping clinical features but different aetiologies. Here, we assessed for the first time the potential of blood glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP), marker of astrogliosis, as a discriminative and prognostic tool in FTLD and PPD. METHODS The levels of GFAP in serum (sGFAP) of patients with FTLD (N=107) and PPD (N=44) and GFAP in whole blood samples (bGFAP) from FTLD (N=10), PPD (N=10) and healthy controls (N=18) were measured. We evaluated whether the sGFAP levels associate with C9orf72 repeat expansion, survival of FTLD and PPD patients, and brain atrophy assessed cross-sectionally and longitudinally by structural T1W MRI. We also examined the correlation between sGFAP and bGFAP levels in a subset of patients. RESULTS sGFAP and bGFAP levels were elevated in the FTLD group compared with the PPD or control groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated an excellent diagnostic performance between FTLD and PPD (the area under the curve (AUC)=0.820, 95% CI 0.745 to 0.896). sGFAP and bGFAP levels showed a strong correlation and elevated sGFAP levels significantly associated with atrophy rate in the temporal cortex and predicted shorter survival time in patients with FTLD. No association with C9orf72 repeat expansion was detected. CONCLUSIONS sGFAP enabled differentiation of patients with FTLD and PPD and associated with shorter survival and more severe brain atrophy rate in patients with FTLD. These results suggest that blood-based GFAP represents a minimally invasive and useful biomarker in the differential diagnostics between patients with FTLD and PPD and in evaluating disease progression and astrogliosis in FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Katisko
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Cajanus
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nadine Huber
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Jääskeläinen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Kokkola
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virve Kärkkäinen
- Neuro center, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannah Rostalski
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paivi Hartikainen
- Neuro center, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Koivisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuro center, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Hannonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuro center, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha-Matti Lehtola
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville E Korhonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Mental Health and Wellbeing Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuro center, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Remes
- Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eino Solje
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland .,Neuro center, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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13
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Increased GFAP concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with unipolar depression. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:308. [PMID: 34021122 PMCID: PMC8139962 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes involving altered microglial activity may play a relevant role in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and calcium-binding protein S100B are considered microglial markers. To date, their role has been studied in the serum and tissue material of patients with unipolar depression but not in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine GFAP and S100B levels in the CSF of patients with major depression to better understand their role in affective disorders. In this retrospective study, 102 patients with unipolar depression and 39 mentally healthy controls with idiopathic intracranial hypertension were investigated. GFAP and S100B levels were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. CSF routine parameters were collected during routine clinical care. The mean values of GFAP and S100B were compared using age (and sex) corrected ANOVAs. Matched subgroups were analyzed by using an independent sample t-test. In addition, correlation analyses between GFAP/S100B levels and CSF routine parameters were performed within the patient group. Patients with unipolar depression had significantly higher levels of GFAP than controls (733.22 pg/ml vs. 245.56 pg/ml, p < 0.001). These results remained significant in a sub-analysis in which all controls were compared with patients suffering from depression matched 1:1 by age and sex (632.26 pg/ml vs. 245.56 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Levels of S100B did not differ significantly between patients and controls (1.06 ng/ml vs. 1.17 ng/ml, p = 0.385). GFAP levels correlated positively with albumin quotients (p < 0.050), S100B levels correlated positively with white blood cell counts (p = 0.001), total protein concentrations (p < 0.001), and albumin quotients (p = 0.001) in the CSF. The significance of the study is limited by its retrospective and open design, methodological aspects, and the control group with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. In conclusion, higher GFAP levels in patients with depression may be indicative of altered microglia activity, especially in astrocytes, in patients with unipolar depression. In addition, correlation analyses support the idea that S100B levels could be related to the integrity of the blood-brain/CSF barrier. Further multimodal and longitudinal studies are necessary to validate these findings and clarify the underlying biological processes.
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14
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Han Y, Xiong W, Liu J, Dai W, Su Y, Gao L, Wang G, Li P, Zhang X. Associations of Serum Cytokine Levels and Interleukin-6-572C/G Polymorphism with Myelin Damage in Chinese Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuroscience 2021; 465:95-104. [PMID: 33895339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that immunological disturbances and abnormalities in axonal myelination are involved in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study aimed to determine the role of cytokines in myelin damage in Chinese children with ASD and the role of cytokine dysregulation, myelin damage, and cytokine polymorphisms in ASD in Chinese children. The present case-control study included 98 ASD subjects and 252 typically developing (TD) controls; the levels of serum cytokines and myelin basic protein (MBP) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokine polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Autistic clinical manifestations were assessed by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). The results showed that serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and MBP were higher in children with ASD compared with those in TD children. In individuals with ASD, serum MBP level was significantly positively associated with the CARS total score, and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2R, IL-6, and MBP demonstrated positive correlations. The data identified IL-6*MBP as a factor that influenced the risk of ASD, and IL-2R*MBP was identified as a factor that influenced symptom severity, which influenced auxiliary diagnosis of ASD. The presence of the interleukin-6-572CC genotype was associated with significantly higher serum levels of IL-6 and MBP but did not influence the risk and symptom severity of ASD. Therefore, the results suggested inflammatory responses and myelin damage in Chinese children with ASD. Cytokine dysregulation influenced myelin damage in ASD; moreover, the interactions of the cytokines and myelin damage influenced the risk and symptom severity of ASD. The IL-6-572C/G genotypes may be associated with myelin damage in ASD by influencing the circulating level of IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wenjuan Xiong
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jiaxue Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Gengfu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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15
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Gatta E, Saudagar V, Drnevich J, Forrest MP, Auta J, Clark LV, Sershen H, Smith RC, Grayson DR, Davis JM, Guidotti A. Concordance of Immune-Related Markers in Lymphocytes and Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2021; 2:sgab002. [PMID: 33585819 PMCID: PMC7865130 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder associated with a wide array of transcriptomic and neurobiochemical changes. Genome-wide transcriptomic profiling conducted in postmortem brain have provided novel insights into the pathophysiology of this disorder, and identified biological processes including immune/inflammatory-related responses, metabolic, endocrine, and synaptic function. However, few studies have investigated whether similar changes are present in peripheral tissue. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to characterize transcriptomic profiles of lymphocytes in 18 nonpsychotic controls and 19 individuals with schizophrenia. We identified 2819 differentially expressed transcripts (P nominal < .05) in the schizophrenia group when compared to controls. Bioinformatic analyses conducted on a subset of 293 genes (P nominal < .01 and |log2 FC| > 0.5) highlighted immune/inflammatory responses as key biological processes in our dataset. Differentially expressed genes in lymphocytes were highly enriched in gene expression profiles associated with cortex layer 5a and immune cells. Thus, we investigated whether the changes in transcripts levels observed in lymphocytes could also be detected in the prefrontal cortex (PFC, BA10) in a second replication cohort of schizophrenia subjects. Remarkably, mRNA levels detected in the PFC and lymphocytes were in strong agreement, and measurements obtained using RNA-sequencing positively correlated with data obtained by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Collectively, our work supports a role for immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and suggests that peripheral markers can be used as accessible surrogates to investigate putative central nervous system disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gatta
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Vikram Saudagar
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- High-Performance Biological Computing, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Marc P Forrest
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - James Auta
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lindsay V Clark
- High-Performance Biological Computing, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Henry Sershen
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert C Smith
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Dennis R Grayson
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John M Davis
- Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alessandro Guidotti
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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16
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Hidese S, Hattori K, Sasayama D, Tsumagari T, Miyakawa T, Matsumura R, Yokota Y, Ishida I, Matsuo J, Yoshida S, Ota M, Kunugi H. Cerebrospinal fluid neuroplasticity-associated protein levels in patients with psychiatric disorders: a multiplex immunoassay study. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:161. [PMID: 32439851 PMCID: PMC7242469 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the role of neuroplasticity in the pathology of psychiatric disorders, we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuroplasticity-associated protein levels. Participants were 94 patients with schizophrenia, 68 with bipolar disorder (BD), 104 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 118 healthy controls, matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (Japanese). A multiplex immunoassay (22-plex assay) was performed to measure CSF neuroplasticity-associated protein levels. Among 22 proteins, 11 were successfully measured in the assay. CSF amyloid precursor protein (APP) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia, and CSF APP and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)-1 levels were significantly lower in patients with BD, than in healthy controls (all p < 0.05). Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total, positive, and general scores were significantly and positively correlated with CSF hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (p < 0.01) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) (p < 0.05) levels in patients with schizophrenia. Young mania-rating scale score was significantly and positively correlated with CSF S100B level in patients with BD (p < 0.05). Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, core, sleep, activity, somatic anxiety, and delusion subscale scores were significantly and positively correlated with CSF HGF level, while sleep subscale score was positively correlated with CSF S100B and VEGF receptor 2 levels in patients with MDD (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that CSF APP, GDNF, and NCAM-1 levels are associated with psychiatric disorders, and that CSF HGF, S100B, and VEGF receptor 2 levels are related to psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Hidese
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 Japan ,grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Takuya Tsumagari
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 Japan ,grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan
| | - Tomoko Miyakawa
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan
| | - Ryo Matsumura
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan
| | - Yuuki Yokota
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 Japan ,grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan
| | - Ikki Ishida
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Junko Matsuo
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan ,grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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17
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Gannon JM, Kelly DL, Besch A, Thakur T, Khurana N, Shurin MR, Shurin GV, Brar JS, Cihakova D, Talor MV, Chengappa KNR. Racial Differences in S100b Levels in Persons with Schizophrenia. Psychiatr Q 2020; 91:137-145. [PMID: 31786729 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-019-09687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-binding protein S100b is secreted by glial cells in the brain and is also expressed by melanocytes. In nanomolar concentrations, S100b is considered to be a neurotrophic factor, but in micromolar concentrations, it is thought to reflect CNS injury and inflammation. Seen as a potential biomarker in traumatic brain injury, meta-analytic data from several studies report that S100b levels are significantly higher in persons with long standing schizophrenia, but also among first-episode patients compared to healthy control subjects. However, ethnic or racial differences are typically not mentioned when reporting levels of S100b. We assessed serum S100b levels in persons with schizophrenia (n = 136) who were participants in two independent research studies using the same enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). African-American subjects had significantly higher levels of S100b (41.9 pg/ml ± 62.2) than Caucasian subjects (24.9 pg/ml ± 45.4) in the combined dataset (Mann-Whitney U = 1307, p < 0.001), as well as in each independent study. There were no significant differences in S100b levels between men and women. No significant correlations were observed between S100b levels and demographic or clinical variables. These data suggest that ethnicity or race should be given serious consideration when studying and interpreting S100b levels in persons with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Gannon
- Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Deanna L Kelly
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abigail Besch
- Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tanu Thakur
- Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neil Khurana
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Michael R Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Galina V Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jaspreet S Brar
- Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Daniela Cihakova
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 659, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21210, USA
| | - Monica V Talor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 659, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21210, USA
| | - K N Roy Chengappa
- Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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18
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Wąsik N, Sokół B, Hołysz M, Mańko W, Juszkat R, Jagodziński PP, Jankowski R. Serum myelin basic protein as a marker of brain injury in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:545-552. [PMID: 31915942 PMCID: PMC7046567 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-019-04185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the second most abundant protein in central nervous system myelin. Since the 1980s, it has been regarded as a marker of brain tissue injury in both trauma and disease. There have been no recent reports regarding MBP in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Methods One hundred four SAH patients with ruptured aneurysms underwent endovascular treatment within 24 h of rupture, and 156 blood samples were collected: 104 on days 0–3, 32 on days 4–6 and 20 on days 9–12 post-SAH. MBP levels were assayed using ELISA and compared with the clinical status on admission, laboratory results, imaging findings and treatment outcome at 3 months. Results MBP levels on days 0–3 post-SAH were significantly higher among poor outcome patients (p < 0.001), non-survivors (p = 0.005), patients who underwent intracranial intervention (p < 0.001) and patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH; p < 0.001). On days 4–6 post-SAH, significantly higher levels were found following intracranial intervention (p = 0.009) and ICH (p = 0.039). There was clinically relevant correlation between MBP levels on days 0–3 post-SAH and 3-month Glasgow Outcome Scale (cc = − 0.42) and also ICH volume (cc = 0.48). All patients who made a full recovery had MBP levels below detection limit on days 0–3 post-SAH. Following endovascular aneurysm occlusion, there was no increase in MBP in 86 of the 104 patients investigated (83%). Conclusions The concentration of MBP in peripheral blood after intracranial aneurysm rupture reflects the severity of the brain tissue injury (due to surgery or ICH) and correlates with the treatment outcome. Endovascular aneurysm occlusion was not followed by a rise in MBP in most cases, suggesting the safety of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Wąsik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Sokół
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Hołysz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Witold Mańko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert Juszkat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Paweł Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Roman Jankowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
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Liu Y, Tang Y, Li C, Tao H, Yang X, Zhang X, Wang X. Altered Expression of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Neuron-Specific Enolase mRNA in Peripheral Blood in First-Episode Schizophrenia and Chronic Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:760. [PMID: 32903317 PMCID: PMC7435060 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well-known that altered hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis process has an important role in the neurodegenerative process in schizophrenia (SZ). However, this neurodegenerative mechanism has not been clarified in SZ. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine HPA axis damage in the first-episode, unmedicated schizophrenia (FES) patients and chronic schizophrenia (CSZ) patients in comparison with healthy controls (HC) by means of quantitative analysis of the peripheral blood mRNA expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), GR transcripts containing exons 1B (GR-1B), and neuron specific enolase (NSE) genes and serum cortisol and NSE, a specific serum marker for neuronal damage. METHODS In the present study, 43 FES patients, 39 CSZ, and 47 HC were included. The peripheral blood mRNA expressions for GR, GR-1B, and NSE genes were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Serum cortisol and NSE were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique. RESULTS Levels of GR mRNA were significantly lower in FES and CSZ than that in HC. The expression of GR-1B mRNA was significantly decreased in CSZ when compared with that in FES. Levels of NSE mRNA were significantly lower in CSZ than that in FES patients or HC patients. CSZ patients showed significantly lower cortisol concentrations than FES and HC patients. FES patients showed significantly higher NSE concentrations than CSZ and HC. CONCLUSION Our findings support that there is disrupted HPA axis system in the SZ and suggest that CSZ patients suffer a greater HPA axis damage than FES patients. Our research implicated underlying GR mRNA dysregulation in SZ and the potential importance of the functional GR-1B transcription in CSZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychaitry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cunyan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huai Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiudeng Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychaitry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuyi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychaitry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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20
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Asadollahi M, Nikdokht P, Hatef B, Sadr SS, Sahraei H, Assarzadegan F, Pirzad Jahromi G. Protective properties of the aqueous extract of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in ischemic stroke, randomized clinical trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111833. [PMID: 30914350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Crocus sativus L. has been used throughout the world in traditional medicine as a treatment for neurological disorders such as depression. Growing attention is currently being paid to the use of neuroprotective agents in ischemic strokes. AIM OF THE STUDY This study assed the effect of saffron as a neuroprotective natural product in cerebral ischemia in human. STUDY DESIGN Patients with acute ischemic stroke were randomly allocated to receive either routine stroke care (control group, n = 20) or routine care plus aqueous extract of saffron capsule (200 mg/day) (saffron-treated group, n = 19). Both groups were monitored during their four-day hospital stay and the three-month follow-up period. The groups were compared in terms of short- and long-term effects of saffron capsules using the National Institute of Health Stoke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Scale, and serum neuron specific enolase (NSE), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), S100 levels. RESULTS Based on the NIHSS, the severity of stroke during the first four days was significantly lower in the saffron-treated group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared to the levels on the first day, serum NSE and s100 levels were significantly decreased and BDNF concentration was increased in the saffron-treated group on the fourth day. Also, our results showed there was a negative significant non-linear cubic regression between BDNF concentration and score of NIHSS. At the end of the three-month follow-up period, the mean Barthel index was significantly higher in the saffron-treated group than in the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study confirmed the short and long-term neuroprotective effects of aqueous extract of saffron on ischemic stroke in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Asadollahi
- Neurology, Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Nikdokht
- Department of Neurology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Boshra Hatef
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Shahabeddin Sadr
- Neurology, Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hedayat Sahraei
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farhad Assarzadegan
- Department of Neurology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gila Pirzad Jahromi
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Arora P, Sagar R, Mehta M, Pallavi P, Sharma S, Mukhopadhyay AK. Serum S100B levels in patients with depression. Indian J Psychiatry 2019; 61:70-76. [PMID: 30745657 PMCID: PMC6341924 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_391_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biochemical basis of depression has been related to blood-brain barrier (BBB) allowing/restricting a number of components to enter the brain milieu from the peripheral plasma milieu. S100B has been associated with BBB damage and is used as a marker of its integrity. Several studies have reported that depressive patients have increased levels of S100B in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two confirmed cases of depression, 13-25 years of ages were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences during the period from January 2013 to June 2014 along with 42 healthy controls of comparable age and sex. Psychometric evaluation of the patients and controls was done to assess the severity of depression using Beck's Depression Inventory-II and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Medical assessment and laboratory investigations were done. Serum S100B levels were measured using Sandwich ELISA. The results obtained were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Levels of serum S100B were significantly elevated in patients with major depression as compared to controls. Significantly higher levels of S100B were seen only in females as compared to their healthy counterparts. Serum S100B was higher in depressed participants with the recurrent disorder than those with single episode. No correlation of levels of this marker was seen with clinical severity of the patients. It was found that with increased duration of illness for which the patient was being treated with antidepressants, the patients had higher levels of S100B. CONCLUSIONS Serum S100B can be used as a biomarker of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Arora
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manju Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Pallavi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhadra Sharma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Asok Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Goff DC, Zeng B, Ardekani BA, Diminich ED, Tang Y, Fan X, Galatzer-Levy I, Li C, Troxel AB, Wang J. Association of Hippocampal Atrophy With Duration of Untreated Psychosis and Molecular Biomarkers During Initial Antipsychotic Treatment of First-Episode Psychosis. JAMA Psychiatry 2018; 75:370-378. [PMID: 29466532 PMCID: PMC5875378 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been associated with poor outcomes in schizophrenia, but the mechanism responsible for this association is not known. OBJECTIVES To determine whether hippocampal volume loss occurs during the initial 8 weeks of antipsychotic treatment and whether it is associated with DUP, and to examine molecular biomarkers in association with hippocampal volume loss and DUP. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A naturalistic longitudinal study with matched healthy controls was conducted at Shanghai Mental Health Center. Between March 5, 2013, and October 8, 2014, 71 medication-naive individuals with nonaffective first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 73 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. After approximately 8 weeks, 31 participants with FEP and 32 controls were reassessed. EXPOSURES The participants with FEP were treated according to standard clinical practice with second-generation antipsychotics. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hippocampal volumetric integrity (HVI) (an automated estimate of the parenchymal fraction in a standardized hippocampal volume of interest), DUP, 13 peripheral molecular biomarkers, and 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 12 candidate genes were determined. RESULTS The full sample consisted of 71 individuals with FEP (39 women and 32 men; mean [SD] age, 25.2 [7.7] years) and 73 healthy controls (40 women and 33 men; mean [SD] age, 23.9 [6.4] years). Baseline median left HVI was lower in the FEP group (n = 57) compared with the controls (n = 54) (0.9275 vs 0.9512; difference in point estimate, -0.020 [95% CI, -0.029 to -0.010]; P = .001). During approximately 8 weeks of antipsychotic treatment, left HVI decreased in 24 participants with FEP at a median annualized rate of -.03791 (-4.1% annualized change from baseline) compared with an increase of 0.00115 (0.13% annualized change from baseline) in 31 controls (difference in point estimate, -0.0424 [95% CI, -0.0707 to -0.0164]; P = .001). The change in left HVI was inversely associated with DUP (r = -0.61; P = .002). Similar results were found for right HVI, although the association between change in right HVI and DUP did not achieve statistical significance (r = -0.35; P = .10). Exploratory analyses restricted to the left HVI revealed an association between left HVI and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial injury, and markers reflecting dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE An association between longer DUP and accelerated hippocampal atrophy during initial treatment suggests that psychosis may have persistent, possibly deleterious, effects on brain structure. Additional studies are needed to replicate these exploratory findings of molecular mechanisms by which untreated psychosis may affect hippocampal volume and to determine whether these effects account for the known association between longer DUP and poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C. Goff
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Botao Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Babak A. Ardekani
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Erica D. Diminich
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester
| | | | - Chenxiang Li
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Andrea B. Troxel
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Dorofeikova M, Neznanov N, Petrova N. Cognitive deficit in patients with paranoid schizophrenia: Its clinical and laboratory correlates. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:542-548. [PMID: 28951142 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to search for correlates of cognitive impairment in patients with paranoid schizophrenia among clinical, demographic, anamnestic and biochemical markers (NSE, S100B protein, BDNF, hs-CRP). Patients with paranoid schizophrenia (n=125) were examined using the Brief Assessment of Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia, the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure task, and a number of clinical scales including the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The majority of patients demonstrated cognitive impairment. The type of impairment was highly heterogeneous and individual. Relationships were found between the degree of executive functioning and family history of mental illness; working memory and age of onset of schizophrenia; and visual memory and psychopathological symptomatology. Negative and affective symptoms were not significantly associated with cognitive functioning. Treatment with first generation antipsychotics was associated with a more frequent impairment of motor skills, and concomitant anticholinergic drugs, with reduced accuracy. Use of second-generation antipsychotics only was associated with better accuracy, working memory and speech fluency. Among the patients, 21.4% had signs of a systemic inflammatory response, indicating a possible role of inflammatory response in the development of schizophrenia. CRP, S100B and NSE levels reflected features of the course of illness and therapeutic response. Patients with lower concentrations of BDNF were characterized by lower processing speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Dorofeikova
- State Federal Budgetary Institution, Saint-Petersburg Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Nikolay Neznanov
- State Federal Budgetary Institution, Saint-Petersburg Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nataliia Petrova
- State Federal Budgetary Institution for Higher Education, Saint-Petersburg State University,Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract
S100B is a calcium binding protein mainly produced by glial cells. Previous studies have shown elevated levels of S100B in patients with schizophrenia. We measured S100B levels in fasting plasma of 39 patients with schizophrenia and 19 adult healthy controls. We used linear regression to compare S100B between patients and controls. In patients only, we also investigated the relationship between S100B levels and psychotic symptoms (assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), and cognitive function (assessed by the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery), respectively by calculating Pearson's correlation coefficients. Mean plasma S100B was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. There were no significant correlations between plasma S100B and psychotic symptoms or cognition.
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Chupel MU, Minuzzi LG, Furtado G, Santos ML, Hogervorst E, Filaire E, Teixeira AM. Exercise and taurine in inflammation, cognition, and peripheral markers of blood-brain barrier integrity in older women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:733-741. [PMID: 29474803 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence contribute to increase the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, leading cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Thus, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise and taurine supplementation on peripheral markers of BBB, inflammation, and cognition of elderly women. Forty-eight elderly women (age, 83.58 ± 6.9 years) participated in the study, and were allocated into combined exercise training (CET: n = 13), taurine supplementation (TAU: n = 12), exercise training associated with taurine (CET+TAU: n = 11), or control (CG: n = 12) groups. Exercise was applied twice a week (multi-modal exercise). Taurine ingestion was 1.5 g., once a day. Participants were evaluated before and after 14-weeks of intervention. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and serum concentration of S100β and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were determined. The mini mental state examination (MMSE) was also applied. Concentrations of S100β were maintained in all intervention groups, while a subtle increase in the CG was found. NSE levels increased only in TAU group (p < 0.05). CET reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β/IL-1ra, IL-6/IL10, and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios (p < 0.05). TAU decreased the IL-1β/IL-1ra ratio (p < 0.05). MMSE score increased only in the CET+TAU group (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that there was a trend for changes in IL-1β and the Charlson Comorbidity Index to be independently associated with changes in S100β. Exercise and taurine decreased inflammation, and maintained the BBB integrity in elderly women. Exercise emerged as an important tool to improve brain health even when started at advanced ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Uba Chupel
- a Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Estádio Universitário de Coimbra, Avenida Conímbriga, Pavilhão 3. 3040-248, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- a Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Estádio Universitário de Coimbra, Avenida Conímbriga, Pavilhão 3. 3040-248, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Furtado
- a Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Estádio Universitário de Coimbra, Avenida Conímbriga, Pavilhão 3. 3040-248, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário Leonardo Santos
- a Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Estádio Universitário de Coimbra, Avenida Conímbriga, Pavilhão 3. 3040-248, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- b Applied Cognitive Research NCSEM Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Edith Filaire
- c CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.,d CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,e UMR 1019, INRA, Equipe ECREIN UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Allée 2 du Château, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- a Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Estádio Universitário de Coimbra, Avenida Conímbriga, Pavilhão 3. 3040-248, Coimbra, Portugal
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Haque A, Polcyn R, Matzelle D, Banik NL. New Insights into the Role of Neuron-Specific Enolase in Neuro-Inflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Neuroprotection. Brain Sci 2018; 8:E33. [PMID: 29463007 PMCID: PMC5836052 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a complex process that leads to irreversible neuronal damage and death in spinal cord injury (SCI) and various neurodegenerative diseases, which are serious, debilitating conditions. Despite exhaustive research, the cause of neuronal damage in these degenerative disorders is not completely understood. Elevation of cell surface α-enolase activates various inflammatory pathways, including the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and some growth factors that are detrimental to neuronal cells. While α-enolase is present in all neurological tissues, it can also be converted to neuron specific enolase (NSE). NSE is a glycolytic enzyme found in neuronal and neuroendocrine tissues that may play a dual role in promoting both neuroinflammation and neuroprotection in SCI and other neurodegenerative events. Elevated NSE can promote ECM degradation, inflammatory glial cell proliferation, and actin remodeling, thereby affecting migration of activated macrophages and microglia to the injury site and promoting neuronal cell death. Thus, NSE could be a reliable, quantitative, and specific marker of neuronal injury. Depending on the injury, disease, and microenvironment, NSE may also show neurotrophic function as it controls neuronal survival, differentiation, and neurite regeneration via activation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. This review discusses possible implications of NSE expression and activity in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and neuroprotection in SCI and various neurodegenerative diseases for prognostic and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
| | - Rachel Polcyn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
| | - Denise Matzelle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
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27
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The Effect of Mechanical Ventilation on TASK-1 Expression in the Brain in a Rat Model. Can Respir J 2017; 2017:8530352. [PMID: 29093631 PMCID: PMC5637865 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8530352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channel 1 (TASK-1) is closely related to respiratory central control and neuronal injury. We investigated the effect of MV on TASK-1's functions and explored the mechanism using a rat model. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to three groups: (1) high tidal volume (HVt): MV for four hours with Vt at 10 mL/kg; (2) low Vt (LVt): MV for four hours with Vt at 5 mL/kg; (3) basal (BAS): anesthetized and unventilated animals. We measured lung histology and plasma and brain levels of proteins (IL-6, TNF-α, and S-100B) and determined TASK-1 levels in rat brainstems as a marker of respiratory centre activity. Results The LISs (lung injury scores) were significantly higher in the HVt group. Brain inflammatory cytokines levels were different to those in serum. TASK-1 levels were significantly lower in the MV groups (P = 0.002) and the HVt group tended to have a lower level of TASK-1 than the LVt group. Conclusion MV causes not only lung injury, but also brain injury. MV affects the regulation of the respiratory centre, perhaps causing damage to it. Inflammation is probably not the main mechanism of ventilator-related brain injury.
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Esnafoglu E, Ayyıldız SN, Cırrık S, Erturk EY, Erdil A, Daglı A, Noyan T. Evaluation of serum Neuron‐specific enolase, S100B, myelin basic protein and glial fibrilliary acidic protein as brain specific proteins in children with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 61:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erman Esnafoglu
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryTraining and Research HospitalFaculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Sema Nur Ayyıldız
- Department of BiochemistryTraining and Research HospitalFaculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Selma Cırrık
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Emine Yurdakul Erturk
- Department of PediatryTraining and Research HospitalFaculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Abdullah Erdil
- Department of PediatryTraining and Research HospitalFaculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Abdullah Daglı
- Department of PediatryTraining and Research HospitalFaculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Tevfik Noyan
- Department of BiochemistryTraining and Research HospitalFaculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
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Morera-Fumero AL, Díaz-Mesa E, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Fernandez-Lopez L, Cejas-Mendez MDR. Day/night changes in serum S100B protein concentrations in acute paranoid schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 75:207-212. [PMID: 28188811 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There are day/night and seasonal changes in biological markers such as melatonin and cortisol. Controversial changes in serum S100B protein levels have been described in schizophrenia. We aim studying whether serum S100B levels present day/night variations in schizophrenia patients and whether S100B levels are related to psychopathology. Sixty-five paranoid schizophrenic inpatients participated in the study. Psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at admission and discharge. Blood was drawn at 12:00 (midday) and 00:00 (midnight) hours at admission and discharge. Sixty-five healthy subjects matched by age, gender and season acted as control group. At admission and discharge patients had significantly higher serum S100B concentrations at midday and midnight than healthy subjects. At admission, patients showed a day/night variation of S100B levels, with higher S100B levels at 12:00 than at 00:00h (143.7±26.3pg/ml vs. 96.9±16.6pg/ml). This day/night difference was not present in the control group. Midday and midnight S100B at admission decreased when compared to S100B at discharge (midday, 143.7±26.3 vs. 83.0±12, midnight 96.9±16.6 vs. 68.6±14.5). There was a positive correlation between the PANSS positive subscale and S100B concentrations at admission. This correlation was not present at discharge. CONCLUSIONS acute paranoid schizophrenia inpatients present a day/night change of S100B serum levels at admission that disappears at discharge. The correlation between serum S100B concentrations and the PANSS positive scores at admission as well as the decrease of S100B at discharge may be interpreted as an acute biological response to the clinical state of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando L Morera-Fumero
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Dermatología y Psiquiatría, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de la Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Consultoria Psiquiátrica SC, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Díaz-Mesa
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro Abreu-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas: Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de la Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Lourdes Fernandez-Lopez
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Dermatología y Psiquiatría, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de la Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Sociedad para la Investigación y Asistencia en Salud Mental, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Tsai MC, Huang TL. Decreased S100B serum levels after treatment in bipolar patients in a manic phase. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 74:27-34. [PMID: 28088747 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that patients with bipolar disorder might have brain damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of brain injury biomarkers and S100A10 in bipolar patients in a manic phase, and evaluate the changes in S100B, neuron specific enolase (NSE), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and S100A10 after treatment. METHOD We consecutively enrolled 17 bipolar inpatients in a manic phase and 30 healthy subjects. Serum brain injury biomarkers and S100A10 were measured with assay kits. All patients were evaluated by examining the correlation between brain injury biomarkers and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores. RESULT We found significantly decreased S100B levels only in bipolar manic patients after treatment (p=0.002), but S100B levels were not significantly different from those in healthy controls (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate there were decreased S100B serum levels in bipolar patients in a manic phase after treatment and that increased serum S100B levels might be a possible indicator of transient disruption of the blood-brain barrier in bipolar patients in a manic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chang Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tiao-Lai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Association of Polymorphisms of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts Gene with Schizophrenia in a Han Chinese Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6379639. [PMID: 28373983 PMCID: PMC5360956 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6379639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that binds diverse ligands involved in the development of inflammatory damage and diverse chronic diseases including schizophrenia. Here, three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (G82S, -374T/A, and -429T/C) in the RAGE gene were genotyped in 923 patients with schizophrenia and 874 healthy-matched controls in a Han Chinese population using the SNaPshot technique. Additionally, we investigated the association among aforementioned SNPs with the clinical psychotic symptoms of the patients and neurocognitive function. Our study demonstrated that the frequencies of the TC + CC genotypes and the C allele in the -429T/C polymorphism were significantly lower in the patients compared with the controls (p = 0.031 and p = 0.034, resp.). However, the significant effect disappeared when using Bonferroni correction (p = 0.093 and p = 0.102, resp.). And there were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between the patients and the controls for G82S and -374T/A polymorphisms. Additionally, the -429T/C C allele carriers had marginally higher Symbol coding scores than the subjects with the TT genotypes [p = 0.031 and p (corr) = 0.093]. Our data indicate that the RAGE -429T/C polymorphism may be associated with the susceptibility of schizophrenia.
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Tomasik J, Rahmoune H, Guest PC, Bahn S. Neuroimmune biomarkers in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:3-13. [PMID: 25124519 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical and biological manifestations. Due to the lack of objective tests, the accurate diagnosis and selection of effective treatments for schizophrenia remains challenging. Numerous technologies have been employed in search of schizophrenia biomarkers. These studies have suggested that neuroinflammatory processes may play a role in schizophrenia pathogenesis, at least in a subgroup of patients. The evidence indicates alterations in both pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules in the central nervous system, which have also been found in peripheral tissues and may correlate with schizophrenia symptoms. In line with these findings, certain immunomodulatory interventions have shown beneficial effects on psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia patients, in particular those with distinct immune signatures. In this review, we evaluate these findings and their potential for more targeted drug interventions and the development of companion diagnostics. Although currently no validated markers exist for schizophrenia patient stratification or the prediction of treatment efficacy, we propose that utilisation of inflammatory markers for diagnostic and theranostic purposes may lead to novel therapeutic approaches and deliver more effective care for schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tomasik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul C Guest
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Schümberg K, Polyakova M, Steiner J, Schroeter ML. Serum S100B Is Related to Illness Duration and Clinical Symptoms in Schizophrenia-A Meta-Regression Analysis. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:46. [PMID: 26941608 PMCID: PMC4766293 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
S100B has been linked to glial pathology in several psychiatric disorders. Previous studies found higher S100B serum levels in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls, and a number of covariates influencing the size of this effect have been proposed in the literature. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis on alterations of serum S100B in schizophrenia in comparison with healthy control subjects. The meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to guarantee a high quality and reproducibility. With strict inclusion criteria 19 original studies could be included in the quantitative meta-analysis, comprising a total of 766 patients and 607 healthy control subjects. The meta-analysis confirmed higher values of the glial serum marker S100B in schizophrenia if compared with control subjects. Meta-regression analyses revealed significant effects of illness duration and clinical symptomatology, in particular the total score of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), on serum S100B levels in schizophrenia. In sum, results confirm glial pathology in schizophrenia that is modulated by illness duration and related to clinical symptomatology. Further studies are needed to investigate mechanisms and mediating factors related to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schümberg
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maryna Polyakova
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; German Consortium for Frontotemporal Lobar DegenerationUlm, Germany
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Early Loss of Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Precedes NOX2 Elevation in the Prefrontal Cortex of an Animal Model of Psychosis. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2031-2044. [PMID: 26910819 PMCID: PMC5355521 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The social isolation rearing of young adult rats is a model of psychosocial stress and provides a nonpharmacological tool to study alterations reminiscent of symptoms seen in psychosis. We have previously demonstrated that social isolation in rats leads to increased oxidative stress and to cerebral NOX2 elevations. Here, we investigated early alterations in mRNA expression leading to increased NOX2 in the brain. Rats were exposed to a short period of social isolation (1 week) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for mRNA expression of genes involved in blood-brain barrier (BBB) formation and integrity (ORLs, Vof 21 and Vof 16, Leng8, Vnr1, and Trank 1 genes) was performed. Real-time PCR experiments, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting analysis showed an increased expression of these genes and related proteins in isolated rats with respect to control animals. The expression of specific markers of BBB integrity, such as matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), occludin 1, and plasmalemmal vesicle associated protein-1 (PV-1), was also significantly altered after 1 week of social isolation. BBB permeability, evaluated by quantification of Evans blue dye extravasation, as well as interstitial fluid, was significantly increased in rats isolated for 1 week with respect to controls. Isolation-induced BBB disruption was also accompanied by a significant increase of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) expression. Conversely, no differences in NOX2 levels were detected at this time point. Our study demonstrates that BBB disruption precedes NOX2 elevations in the brain. These results provide new insights in the interplay of mechanisms linking psychosocial stress to early oxidative stress in the brain, disruption of the BBB, and the development of mental disorders.
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Lisboa SF, Gomes FV, Guimaraes FS, Campos AC. Microglial Cells as a Link between Cannabinoids and the Immune Hypothesis of Psychiatric Disorders. Front Neurol 2016; 7:5. [PMID: 26858686 PMCID: PMC4729885 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Although several therapeutic options are available, the exact mechanisms responsible for the genesis of these disorders remain to be fully elucidated. In the last decade, a body of evidence has supported the involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of these conditions. Microglial cells play a significant role in maintaining brain homeostasis and surveillance. Dysregulation of microglial functions has been associated with several psychiatric conditions. Cannabinoids regulate the brain–immune axis and inhibit microglial cell activation. Here, we summarized evidence supporting the hypothesis that microglial cells could be a target for cannabinoid influence on psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina F Lisboa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Francisco S Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alline C Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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de Souza DF, Wartchow KM, Lunardi PS, Brolese G, Tortorelli LS, Batassini C, Biasibetti R, Gonçalves CA. Changes in Astroglial Markers in a Maternal Immune Activation Model of Schizophrenia in Wistar Rats are Dependent on Sex. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:489. [PMID: 26733814 PMCID: PMC4689875 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal exposure to bacterial and viral infection is an important environmental risk factor for schizophrenia. The maternal immune activation (MIA) animal model is used to study how an insult directed at the maternal host can have adverse effects on the fetus, leading to behavioral and neurochemical changes later in life. We evaluated whether the administration of LPS to rat dams during late pregnancy affects astroglial markers (S100B and GFAP) of the offspring in later life. The frontal cortex and hippocampus were compared in male and female offspring on postnatal days (PND) 30 and 60. The S100B protein exhibited an age-dependent pattern of expression, being increased in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of the MIA group at PND 60, while at PND 30, male rats presented increased S100B levels only in the frontal cortex. Considering that S100B secretion is reduced by elevation of glutamate levels, we may hypothesize that this early increment in frontal cortex tissue of males is associated with elevated extracellular levels of glutamate and glutamatergic hypofunction, an alteration commonly associated with SCZ pathology. Moreover, we also found augmented GFAP in the frontal cortex of the LPS group at PND 30, but not in the hippocampus. Taken together data indicate that astroglial changes induced by MIA are dependent on sex and brain region and that these changes could reflect astroglial dysfunction. Such alterations may contribute to our understanding of the abnormal neuronal connectivity and developmental aspects of SCZ and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Krista M Wartchow
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula S Lunardi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovana Brolese
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Tortorelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Batassini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Regina Biasibetti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Ambrée O, Bergink V, Grosse L, Alferink J, Drexhage HA, Rothermundt M, Arolt V, Birkenhäger TK. S100B Serum Levels Predict Treatment Response in Patients with Melancholic Depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv103. [PMID: 26364276 PMCID: PMC4815471 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an ongoing search for biomarkers in psychiatry, for example, as diagnostic tools or predictors of treatment response. The neurotrophic factor S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) has been discussed as a possible predictor of antidepressant response in patients with major depression, but also as a possible biomarker of an acute depressive state. The aim of the present study was to study the association of serum S100B levels with antidepressant treatment response and depression severity in melancholically depressed inpatients. METHODS After a wash-out period of 1 week, 40 inpatients with melancholic depression were treated with either venlafaxine or imipramine. S100B levels and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores were assessed at baseline, after 7 weeks of treatment, and after 6 months. RESULTS Patients with high S100B levels at baseline showed a markedly better treatment response defined as relative reduction in HAM-D scores than those with low baseline S100B levels after 7 weeks (P=.002) and 6 months (P=.003). In linear regression models, S100B was a significant predictor for treatment response at both time points. It is of interest to note that nonresponders were detected with a predictive value of 85% and a false negative rate of 7.5%. S100B levels were not associated with depression severity and did not change with clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS Low S100B levels predict nonresponse to venlafaxine and imipramine with high precision. Future studies have to show which treatments are effective in patients with low levels of S100B so that this biomarker will help to reduce patients' burden of nonresponding to frequently used antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ambrée
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany (Dr Ambrée, Ms Grosse, Dr Alferink, Dr Rothermundt, and Dr Arolt); Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Drs Bergink and Birkenhäger); Radiology Morphological Solutions, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Ms Grosse); Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Dr Drexhage); Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Münster, Germany (Dr Alferink); Department of Psychiatry, St. Rochus-Hospital, Telgte, Oberhausen, Germany (Dr Rothermundt).
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Wei XJ, Han M, Wei GC, Duan CH. Prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid free fatty acid levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:402. [PMID: 26236218 PMCID: PMC4500913 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) free fatty acid (FFA) levels in patients confirmed with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) was evaluated in a Chinese population. A prospective cohort designed study was conducted at our hospital of the Emergency department from November, 2012 to September, 2014. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission was applied to assess CSF levels of FFA and specific severity degree of stroke. Evaluation of the prognostic outcomes of those stroke patients used the modified Rankin scale scores at 90-days. Logistic regression analysis analyzed the prognostic value of FFA. NIHSS score results suggested a positive relationship between levels of CSF FFA levels and severity of stroke. There was an obviously higher trend of CSF FFA levels in patients with CE stroke than those of the non-CE stroke patients, with statistically difference (P < 0.05). Further, CSF FFA levels were evidently lower in those 73 patients with favorable outcome when compared to those with unfavorable outcomes [0.21(IQR, 0.11-0.28) mmol/L vs. 0.36 (IQR, 0.27-0.50) mmol/L, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001]. Multivariate analysis results after possible confounders adjustment indicated that there was an increased risk of unfavorable outcome associated with CSF FFA levels ≥0.29 mmol/L (OR 5.12, 95%CI: 2.35-10.28; P < 0.0001). Collectively, CSF level of FFA at admission was suggested to be a useful, independent short-term prognostic marker in Chinese patient with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Wei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Laiwu City Laiwu, China
| | - Meng Han
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Laiwu City Laiwu, China
| | - Guang-Chen Wei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Laiwu City Laiwu, China
| | - Chong-Hao Duan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Laiwu City Laiwu, China
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Patro N, Naik A, Patro IK. Differential temporal expression of S100β in developing rat brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:87. [PMID: 25852479 PMCID: PMC4364248 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radial glial cells (RGs) originally considered to provide scaffold to the radially migrating neurons constitute a heterogeneous population of the regionally variable precursor cells that generate both neurons as well as glia depending upon the location and the timing of development. Hence specific immunohistochemical markers are required to specify their spatiotemporal location and fate in the neurogenic and gliogenic zones. We hypothesize S100β as a potential and unified marker for both primary and secondary progenitors. To achieve this, cryocut sections from rat brains of varied embryonic and postnatal ages were immunolabeled with a combination of antibodies, i.e., S100β + Nestin, Nestin + GFAP and S100β + GFAP. A large population of the primary and secondary progenitors, lining the VZ and SVZ, simultaneously co-expressed S100β and nestin establishing their progenitor nature. A downregulation of both S100β and nestin noticed by the end of the 1st postnatal week marks their differentiation towards neuronal or glial lineage. In view of the absence of co-expression of GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) either with S100β or nestin, the suitability of accepting GFAP as an early marker of RG's was eliminated. Thus the dynamic expression of S100β in both the neural stem cells (NSCs) and RGs during embryonic and early neonatal life is associated with its proliferative potential and migration of undifferentiated neuroblasts and astrocytes. Once they lose their potential for proliferation, the S100β expression is repressed with its reemergence in mature astrocytes. This study provides the first clear evidence of S100β expression throughout the period of neurogenesis and early gliogenesis, suggesting its suitability as a radial progenitor cell marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji UniversityGwalior, India
| | - Aijaz Naik
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji UniversityGwalior, India
- School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji UniversityGwalior, India
| | - Ishan K. Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji UniversityGwalior, India
- School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji UniversityGwalior, India
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Petzold A. Glial fibrillary acidic protein is a body fluid biomarker for glial pathology in human disease. Brain Res 2015; 1600:17-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Immune System Related Markers: Changes in childhood Neuropsychiatry Disorders Cause and Consequence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13602-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Xue Z, Guo Y, Zhang S, Huang L, He Y, Fang R, Fang Y. Beta-asarone attenuates amyloid beta-induced autophagy via Akt/mTOR pathway in PC12 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aleksovska K, Leoncini E, Bonassi S, Cesario A, Boccia S, Frustaci A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of circulating S100B blood levels in schizophrenia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106342. [PMID: 25202915 PMCID: PMC4159239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
S100B is a calcium-binding protein secreted in central nervous system from astrocytes and other glia cells. High blood S100B levels have been linked to brain damage and psychiatric disorders. S100B levels have been reported to be higher in schizophrenics than healthy controls. To quantify the relationship between S100B blood levels and schizophrenia a systematic literature review of case-control studies published on this topic within July 3rd 2014 was carried out using three bibliographic databases: Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. Studies reporting mean and standard deviation of S100B blood levels both in cases and controls were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-Mean Ratio (mMR) of S100B blood levels in cases compared to controls was used as a measure of effect along with its 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). 20 studies were included totaling for 994 cases and 785 controls. Schizophrenia patients showed 76% higher S100B blood levels than controls with mMR = 1.76 95% CI: 1.44-2.15. No difference could be found between drug-free patients with mMR = 1.84 95%CI: 1.24-2.74 and patients on antipsychotic medication with mMR = 1.75 95% CI: 1.41-2.16). Similarly, ethnicity and stage of disease didn't affect results. Although S100B could be regarded as a possible biomarker of schizophrenia, limitations should be accounted when interpreting results, especially because of the high heterogeneity that remained >70%, even after carrying out subgroups analyses. These results point out that approaches based on traditional categorical diagnoses may be too restrictive and new approaches based on the characterization of new complex phenotypes should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina Aleksovska
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Leoncini
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Area of Systems Approaches and Non Communicable Diseases, Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Cesario
- Deputy Scientific Director and Systems Medicine Coordinator, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Frustaci
- Area of Systems Approaches and Non Communicable Diseases, Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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45
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English BA, Thomas K, Johnstone J, Bazih A, Gertsik L, Ereshefsky L. Use of translational pharmacodynamic biomarkers in early-phase clinical studies for schizophrenia. Biomark Med 2014; 8:29-49. [PMID: 24325223 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by cognitive deficits, and positive and negative symptoms. The development of effective pharmacological compounds for the treatment of schizophrenia has proven challenging and costly, with many compounds failing during clinical trials. Many failures occur due to disease heterogeneity and lack of predictive preclinical models and biomarkers that readily translate to humans during early characterization of novel antipsychotic compounds. Traditional early-phase trials consist of single- or multiple-dose designs aimed at determining the safety and tolerability of an investigational compound in healthy volunteers. However, by incorporating a translational approach employing methodologies derived from preclinical studies, such as EEG measures and imaging, into the traditional Phase I program, critical information regarding a compound's dose-response effects on pharmacodynamic biomarkers can be acquired. Furthermore, combined with the use of patients with stable schizophrenia in early-phase clinical trials, significant 'de-risking' and more confident 'go/no-go' decisions are possible.
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Steiner J, Schmitt A, Schroeter ML, Bogerts B, Falkai P, Turck CW, Martins-de-Souza D. S100B is downregulated in the nuclear proteome of schizophrenia corpus callosum. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 264:311-6. [PMID: 24504531 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the downregulation of S100B in the nuclear proteome of the corpus callosum from nine schizophrenia patients compared to seven mentally healthy controls. Our data have been obtained primarily by mass spectrometry and later confirmed by Western blot. This is an intriguing finding coming from a brain region which is essentially composed by white matter, considering the potential role of S100B in the control of oligodendrocyte maturation. This data reinforce the importance of oligodendrocytes in schizophrenia, shedding more light to its pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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47
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Schroeter ML, Sacher J, Steiner J, Schoenknecht P, Mueller K. Serum S100B represents a new biomarker for mood disorders. Curr Drug Targets 2014; 14:1237-48. [PMID: 23701298 PMCID: PMC3821390 DOI: 10.2174/13894501113149990014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, mood disorders have been discussed to be characterized by glial pathology. The protein S100B, a growth and differentiation factor, is located in, and may actively be released by astro- and oligodendrocytes. This protein is easily assessed in human serum and provides a useful parameter for glial activation or injury. Here, we review studies investigating the glial marker S100B in serum of patients with mood disorders. Studies consistently show that S100B is elevated in mood disorders; more strongly in major depressive than bipolar disorder. Consistent with the glial hypothesis of mood disorders, serum S100B levels interact with age with higher levels in elderly depressed subjects. Successful antidepressive treatment has been associated with serum S100B reduction in major depression, whereas there is no evidence of treatment effects in mania. In contrast to the glial marker S100B, the neuronal marker protein neuron-specific enolase is unaltered in mood disorders. Recently, serum S100B has been linked to specific imaging parameters in the human white matter suggesting a role for S100B as an oligodendrocytic marker protein. In sum, serum S100B can be regarded as a promising in vivo biomarker for mood disorders deepening the understanding of the pathogenesis and plasticity-changes in these disorders. Future longitudinal studies combining serum S100B with other cell-specific serum parameters and multimodal imaging are warranted to further explore this serum protein in the development, monitoring and treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias L Schroeter
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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48
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Kluge W, Alsaif M, Guest PC, Schwarz E, Bahn S. Translating potential biomarker candidates for schizophrenia and depression to animal models of psychiatric disorders. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 11:721-33. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.11.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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van der Leeuw C, Marcelis M, Peeters SCT, Verbeek MM, Menheere PPCA, de Haan L, van Os J, van Beveren NJM. Replicated evidence of absence of association between serum S100B and (risk of) psychotic disorder. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82535. [PMID: 24358202 PMCID: PMC3866164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND S100B is a potential marker of neurological and psychiatric illness. In schizophrenia, increased S100B levels, as well as associations with acute positive and persisting negative symptoms, have been reported. It remains unclear whether S100B elevation, which possibly reflects glial dysfunction, is the consequence of disease or compensatory processes, or whether it is an indicator of familial risk. METHODS Serum samples were acquired from two large independent family samples (n = 348 and n = 254) in the Netherlands comprising patients with psychotic disorder (n = 140 and n = 82), non-psychotic siblings of patients with psychotic disorder (n = 125 and n = 94) and controls (n = 83 and n = 78). S100B was analyzed with a Liaison automated chemiluminescence system. Associations between familial risk of psychotic disorder and S100B were examined. RESULTS Results showed that S100B levels in patients (P) and siblings (S) were not significantly different from controls (C) (dataset 1: P vs. C: B = 0.004, 95% CI -0.005 to 0.013, p = 0.351; S vs. C: B = 0.000, 95% CI -0.009 to 0.008, p = 0.926; and dataset 2: P vs. C: B = 0.008, 95% CI -0.011 to 0.028, p = 0.410; S vs. C: B = 0.002, 95% CI -0.016 to 0.021, p = 0.797). In patients, negative symptoms were positively associated with S100B (B = 0.001, 95% CI 0.000 to 0.002, p = 0.005) in one of the datasets, however with failure of replication in the other. There was no significant association between S100B and positive symptoms or present use or type of antipsychotic medication. CONCLUSIONS S100B is neither an intermediate phenotype, nor a trait marker for psychotic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine van der Leeuw
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld Marcelis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Sanne C. T. Peeters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M. Verbeek
- Departments of Neurology and Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P. C. A. Menheere
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- King's College London, King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nico J. M. van Beveren
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department “Nieuwe Kennis”, Delta Centre for Mental Health Care, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Ondruschka B, Pohlers D, Sommer G, Schober K, Teupser D, Franke H, Dressler J. S100B and NSE as useful postmortem biochemical markers of traumatic brain injury in autopsy cases. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:1862-71. [PMID: 23796187 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmortem analysis of relevant biomarkers might aid in characterizing causes of death and survival times in legal medicine. However, there are still no sufficiently established results of practical postmortem biochemical investigations in cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The two biomarkers--S100 protein subunit B (S100B) and neuronal specific enolase (NSE)--could be of special interest. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate changes in their postmortem levels for further determination of brain damage in TBI. In 17 cases of TBI (average age, 58 years) and in 23 controls with different causes of death (average age, 59 years), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed with a chemiluminescence immunoassay for marker expression. An increase in serum S100B, as well as a subsequent decrease after survival times>4 days, were detected in TBI cases (p<0.01). CSF NSE values >6,000 ng/mL and CSF S100B levels >10,000 ng/mL seem to indicate a TBI survival time of at least 15 min (p<0.01). It is of particular interest that CSF S100B levels (p<0.01) and serum S100B levels (p<0.05) as well as CSF NSE values (p<0.01) were significantly higher in TBI cases in comparison to the controls, especially when compared with fatal non-head injuries. In conclusion, the present findings emphasize that S100B and NSE are useful markers in postmortem biochemistry in cases of suspected TBI. Further, S100B may be helpful to estimate the survival time of fatal injuries in legal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ondruschka
- 1 Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Leipzig, Leipzig , Germany
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