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Xue J. The progression of cognitive impairment and its influencing factors in older adults based on longitudinal item response theory. Psychogeriatrics 2024; 24:876-886. [PMID: 38837636 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the development of cognitive impairment and its influencing factors in older adults is crucial for formulating early intervention strategies. PURPOSE To identify the early dimensions of cognitive impairment and provide a comprehensive description of the trajectories of cognitive decline in older adults prior to death. METHODS Based on the data of 9883 older adults in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 2002 to 2018, a longitudinal item response theory (Longitudinal IRT) model including covariates was applied to estimate the following parameters. The items in which older adults encountered obstacles first had the least difficulty parameters (δ). The earlier the information curve of an item is lifted, the more information it provides in the early stages of cognitive impairment. Regression coefficient (β) represents the relative rate of cognitive decline. The cognitive impairment values estimated from the Longitudinal IRT were fitted to a mixed-effects model to examine cognitive impairment trajectories. RESULTS 'Draw the figure on B Card' (δ = -0.816) was the most challenging item, followed by 'recalling 'clothes" (δ = 0.348) and 'recalling 'apples" (δ = 0.419), while 'name the 'pen" (δ = 4.402) was the simplest instruction for the old adults. The curves of the items in the recall dimension began to rise in the early stages of cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment of older adults who were women (β = 0.061), elder (β = 0.111), smokers (β = 0.060), living in rural areas (β = 0.052), not participating in organised social activities (β = 0.092), suffering from hypertension (β = 0.022), hyperglycaemia (β = 0.035), dyslipidaemia (β = 0.314), low education levels (β = 0.128), manual labourers (β = 0.027), and eventual development of dementia (β = 0.212) exhibited a more accelerated progression. These individuals also had poorer cognitive trajectories. CONCLUSION Recall is the earliest dimension of cognitive impairment. The subjects who were women, elder, smokers, living in rural areas, not participating in organised social activities, suffering from hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, low education, manual labourers, and eventually development of dementia, had a faster descending speed and poorer trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Xue
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated with Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Centre, Fujian Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders, Xiamen, China
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Goda A, Nakano H, Kikuchi Y, Mori K, Mitsumaru N, Murata S. Association between Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Sleep Disturbance among Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals in Japan. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1245. [PMID: 38998780 PMCID: PMC11241042 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) are a crucial modifiable risk factor for dementia. There is increasing interest in the association between SCC and sleep disturbance; however, the effects of sleep disturbance on SCC development among community-dwelling elderly individuals in Japan remain unclear. We aimed to cross-sectionally investigate the association between SCC and sleep disturbance, with adjustment for multiple factors related to cognitive decline, among 241 community-dwelling elderly persons without cognitive impairment. The measures were SCCs (Kihon Checklist-Cognitive Function, KCL-CF), sleep disturbance (Japanese version of the Athens Insomnia Scale, AIS-J), general cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination), and depressive symptoms (five-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS-5]). The following data were collected: sex, age, educational history, whether the participants had visited a medical institution for diseases (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart disease), and the presence/absence of established risk factors (hearing loss, history of head injury, drinking habits, smoking habits, social isolation, and physical inactivity and activity). Based on the KCL-CF, 96 and 145 participants were considered to have and lack SCCs, respectively. On logistic regression analysis, the AIS-J score and smoking history were significantly associated with SCCs. Our findings suggest that sleep disturbance is associated with SCC development among community-dwelling elderly people in Japan. Evaluating and managing sleep disturbances can be important in preventing SCCs and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Goda
- Hokuriku University Well-Being Research Team, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1180, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan
| | - Yuki Kikuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan
| | - Kohei Mori
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashiwara 582-0026, Japan
| | | | - Shin Murata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan
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Xu T, Bu G, Yuan L, Zhou L, Yang Q, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Liu Q, Ouyang Z, Yang X, Tang B, Jiao B, Bei Y, Shen L. The prevalence and risk factors study of cognitive impairment: Analysis of the elderly population of Han nationality in Hunan province, China. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14478. [PMID: 37736696 PMCID: PMC11017419 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A large number of studies have found that the prevalence of cognitive impairment varies in different regions. However, data on cognitive impairment in the Chinese population is still lacking. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly in a region of China and explore the associated risk factors. METHODS We performed a population-based cross-sectional survey from April to June 2022. Residents come from three villages and six urban communities in the county-level city of Liuyang in southern China (N = 3233) and the coverage rate of our study population reached 73%. Participants were assessed with a series of clinical examinations and neuropsychological measures. A total of 2598 participants were selected after filtering out those under 60 years old or with incomplete data. Patients with cognitive impairment included those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia who met standard diagnostic criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of cognitive impairment, MCI, and dementia among participants aged 60 years and older were 21.48% (95% CI, 19.90-23.10), 15.70% (95% CI, 14.30-17.10), and 5.77 (95% CI, 4.90-6.70), respectively. And residents in villagers were more likely to have cognitive impairment than in urban communities (p < 0.001). Age growth and education level were independent influencing factors for cognitive impairment in all populations (p < 0.001). For lifestyles factors, both smoking and drinking reduced the risk of cognitive impairment (p < 0.05), but when further quantified, the link disappeared. Moreover, having cerebrovascular disease and severe vision impairment were risk factors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION A representative prevalence of cognitive impairment, MCI, and dementia was found in the elderly Han Chinese population in Southern China. And we further explored the role of known risk factors, particularly in physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Guiwen Bu
- Department of NeurologyLiuyang Jili HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of NeurologyLiuyang Jili HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qijie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Sizhe Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ziyu Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment DisordersCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic DiseasesChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative DisordersCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment DisordersCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic DiseasesChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative DisordersCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yuzhang Bei
- Department of NeurologyLiuyang Jili HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment DisordersCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic DiseasesChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative DisordersCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ InjuryAging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
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Singh L, Chandra R, Pai M, Singh A, Mazumdar S, Singh Balhara YP, Singh PK, Singh S. How Does Tobacco Use Affect the Cognition of Older Adults? A Propensity Score Matching Analysis Based on a Large-Scale Survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:342-352. [PMID: 37422916 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco is a well-established risk factor for cancer, but its association with other morbidities needs consideration. The low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) with unprecedented demographic transformation lack evidence on tobacco use and its impact on cognitive health. AIMS AND METHODS Using a propensity score matching approach, we utilized data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India. Study employed 1:1 nearest neighbor matching with the replacement methodology. We estimated the odds of the poor cognitive score and tobacco use among older adults based on five different models for ever tobacco user, former tobacco user, current tobacco user, current smokers, and current smokeless tobacco users with reference to never tobacco users. RESULTS The estimated average treatment effect for the treated and the untreated group has shown a higher likelihood of cognitive decline among ever (OR -0.26; 95%CI -0.43 to -0.09), current (OR -0.28; 95%CI -0.45 to -0.10), and former (OR -0.53; 95%CI -0.87 to -0.19) tobacco users compared to never tobacco users. The finding further suggests the odds of lower cognitive scores among older adults who were smokers (OR -0.53; 95%CI -0.87 to -0.19) and smokeless tobacco users (OR -0.22; 95%CI -0.43 to -0.01) as compared to never tobacco users. CONCLUSIONS Interventions designed to prevent the incidence of cognitive impairment should focus on limiting the use of tobacco. Strategies under the tobacco-free generation initiative should be amplified in order to prevent future generations from productivity loss, premature ageing and to promote healthy aging. IMPLICATIONS Evidence of a definitive association between tobacco consumption and cognition among older adults is sporadic in LMICs. Though tobacco is a risk factor for various diseases including cancer, the extent of its impact on cognitive health among the older population is limited. This study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting poor cognitive outcomes among older adults who smoke tobacco and/or consume smokeless tobacco as compared to never-tobacco users. Our findings emphasize the need to accelerate programmes related to tobacco-free generation in LMICs to reach a higher quality of life and healthy aging in pursuit of achieving the sustainable development goal of "good health and well-being."
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Rishita Chandra
- Division of Preventive Oncology & Population Health, WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manacy Pai
- Department of Sociology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Arpit Singh
- Division of Preventive Oncology & Population Health, WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit Mazumdar
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre and Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Division of Preventive Oncology & Population Health, WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- Division of Preventive Oncology & Population Health, WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rotblatt LJ, Aiken-Morgan AT, Marsiske M, Horgas AL, Thomas KR. Do Associations Between Vascular Risk and Mild Cognitive Impairment Vary by Race? J Aging Health 2023; 35:74S-83S. [PMID: 33497299 PMCID: PMC8310897 DOI: 10.1177/0898264320984357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Given prevalence differences of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among Black and white older adults, this study aimed to examine whether overall vascular risk factor (VRF) burden and individual VRF associations with amnestic (aMCI) and nonamnestic (naMCI) MCI status varied by Black/white race. Methods: Participants included 2755 older adults without dementia from the ACTIVE study. Comprehensive neuropsychological criteria were used to classify cognitively normal, aMCI, and naMCI. VRFs were primarily defined using subjective report and medication data. Multinomial logistic regression was run predicting MCI subtype. Results: Greater overall VRF burden, high cholesterol, and obesity evinced greater odds of naMCI in Black participants than whites. Across participants, diabetes and hypertension were associated with increased odds of aMCI and naMCI, respectively. Discussion: Results may reflect known systemic inequities on dimensions of social determinants of health for Black older adults. Continued efforts toward examining underlying mechanisms contributing to these findings are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J. Rotblatt
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Michael Marsiske
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ann L. Horgas
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kelsey R. Thomas
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Porras-García E, Fernández-Espada Calderón I, Gavala-González J, Fernández-García JC. Potential neuroprotective effects of fermented foods and beverages in old age: a systematic review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1170841. [PMID: 37396132 PMCID: PMC10313410 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1170841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Numerous articles have recently studied the involvement of the gut microbiota in neurological diseases. Aging is associated with changes in the microbiome, which implies a reduction in microbial biodiversity among other changes. Considering that the consumption of a fermented-food diet improves intestinal permeability and barrier function, it seems of interest to study its participation in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews existing studies to establish whether the consumption of fermented foods and fermented beverages prevents or ameliorates neurodegenerative decline in old age. Methods The protocol used was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Details of the protocol for this systematic review are registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021250921). Results Out of 465 articles identified in the Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases, a total of 29 that examined the relationship of the consumption of fermented products with cognitive impairment in old people were selected (22 cohort, 4 case-control, and 3 cross-sectional studies). The results suggest that low-to-moderate alcohol consumption and daily intake of coffee, soy products, and fermented-food diets in general are associated with a lower risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion Daily consumption of fermented foods and beverages, either alone or as part of a diet, has neuroprotective effects and slows cognitive decline in old people. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=250921, identifier: CRD42021250921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Porras-García
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cellular Biology, University of Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Juan Gavala-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - José Carlos Fernández-García
- Department of Didactics of Languages, Arts and Sport, University of Malaga, Andalucía-Tech, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
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Schuster RM, Cather C, Pachas GN, Nielsen L, Iroegbulem V, Dufour J, Potter K, Levy S, Gray KM, Evins AE. A randomized controlled trial of varenicline and brief behavioral counseling delivered by lay counselors for adolescent vaping cessation: Study protocol. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1083791. [PMID: 37009114 PMCID: PMC10050714 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1083791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundApproximately one-fifth of high-school seniors and college students currently vape nicotine. Adolescents express a desire to quit vaping, and case reports have shown promise for e-cigarette tapering with dual behavioral and pharmacologic therapies. However, there are no published clinical trials to date that test these intervention approaches for adolescent nicotine vaping cessation. In this three-arm randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, we aim to assess the efficacy of varenicline in combination with brief behavioral counseling and texting support on vaping cessation in adolescents dependent on vaped nicotine.MethodsThe study will enroll 300 individuals between the ages of 16–25 with daily or near-daily nicotine vaping who reside in the Greater Boston area. Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio in blocks of six to one of the three arms: (1) a 12-week course of varenicline titrated to 1 mg bid, brief behavioral counseling delivered by a lay counselor, and an introduction to This is Quitting (TIQ) texting support created by the Truth Initiative; (2) a 12-week course of placebo, brief behavioral counseling, and TIQ; and (3) 12 weeks of enhanced usual care, consisting of advice to quit and an introduction to TIQ. The primary outcome will be biochemically verified continuous vaping abstinence at the end of the treatment (week 12). Secondary outcomes include continuous abstinence at follow-up (week 24), 7-day point prevalence abstinence at weeks 12 and 24, safety and tolerability of varenicline in an adolescent vaping population, as well as change in mood and nicotine withdrawal symptoms across the intervention period. Exploratory outcomes include change in comorbid substance use behaviors and nicotine dependence. Analysis will be intent-to-treat, with multiple imputation sensitivity analyses for participants with missing or incomplete outcome data.DiscussionThis is the first study to evaluate varenicline in combination with a novel, brief, lay counselor delivered vaping cessation program for adolescents who vape nicotine. Results will inform clinicians on the effectiveness and acceptability of this promising, but not yet tested intervention.Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05367492.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi M. Schuster
- Department of Psychiatry, Center of Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Randi M. Schuster,
| | - Corinne Cather
- Department of Psychiatry, Center of Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gladys N. Pachas
- Department of Psychiatry, Center of Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lindsay Nielsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Center of Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vanessa Iroegbulem
- Department of Psychiatry, Center of Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jason Dufour
- Department of Psychiatry, Center of Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, Center of Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sharon Levy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Adolescent Substance Use and Addiction Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin M. Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - A. Eden Evins
- Department of Psychiatry, Center of Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- A. Eden Evins,
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Liu C, Dai X, Li Y, Li H. Lifestyle Adjustment: Influential Risk Factors in Cognitive Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1419:185-194. [PMID: 37418215 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1627-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive aging is inevitable. However, researchers have demonstrated that lifestyle adjustments can reduce the risk of cognitive impairment. A healthy diet style, the Mediterranean diet, has been proven to benefit the elderly. Oil, salt, sugar, and fat are, on the contrary, risk factors for cognitive dysfunction because of the resultant high caloric intake. Physical and mental exercises, especially cognitive training, are also beneficial for aging. At the same time, several risk factors need to be noted, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, insomnia, and excessive daytime sleeping, which are highly relative to cognitive impairment, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwei Dai
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanglan Li
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Wang H, Fu M, Ma Y, Liu C, Wu M, Nie J. Tobacco smoke exposure and mitochondrial DNA copy number on neurobehavioural performance: A community study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:84180-84190. [PMID: 35776305 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of tobacco smoke has been a controversial and very questionable subject within the field of neurological behaviours. To examine the dose-response relationships between tobacco smoke and neurological performance, we investigated whether mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) mediates these relationships. We used restricted cubic spline models to estimate the dose-response relationships. A mediation model was also used to detect the mediating effect. Increased cotinine was negatively associated with auditory memory scores and a 0.51 decrease in mtDNAcn. MtDNAcn acts as a mediator between cotinine and auditory memory. Tobacco smoke levels were inversely associated with mtDNAcn and neurobehavioural changes, and there was a mediation effect between cotinine levels and auditory memory by mtDNAcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Mengmeng Fu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenjuan Liu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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The Effects of “Diet–Smoking–Gender” Three-Way Interactions on Cognitive Impairment among Chinese Older Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102144. [PMID: 35631285 PMCID: PMC9147822 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations on gender variations in the risk factors of cognitive impairment are required to promote future precision medicine among older adults, as well as to contribute to a better understanding of the “male–female health-survival paradox”. With this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of “diet–smoking–gender” three-way interactions on cognitive impairments among Chinese older adults. We conducted a 16-year prospective cohort study among 15,953, 15,555, 16,849, 9716, 7116, and 13,165 older adults from the 2002, 2005, 2008–2009, 2011–2012, 2014, and 2017–2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), respectively. Cognitive impairment was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated using the CLHLS food frequency questionnaire. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to assess the “diet–smoking–gender” three-way interaction effects on cognitive impairment across the six waves of CLHLS. We found that higher dietary diversity was associated with lower probability of cognitive impairment among older adults (OR = 0.92; 95%CI = 0.90, 0.98). However, smoking behavior may negatively influence the protective effect of higher dietary diversity on cognitive function among females (OR = 1.26; 95%CI = 1.07, 1.49). Our findings imply that we should take gender differences and lifestyle behaviors into consideration in implementing dietary interventions to improve cognitive function among older adults.
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Kim JH, Chang IB, Kim YH, Min CY, Yoo DM, Choi HG. Association Between Various Types or Statuses of Smoking and Subjective Cognitive Decline Based on a Community Health Survey of Korean Adults. Front Neurol 2022; 13:810830. [PMID: 35572934 PMCID: PMC9099047 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.810830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe relationship between smoking and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), which is defined as the subjective perception of cognitive decline, is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of various types of smoking, including E-cigarette smoking and the use of E-liquid, with the incidence of SCD among Korean adults.MethodsWe evaluated the 2018 Korean Community Health Survey data collected from community-dwelling people in Korea. A total of 104,453 non-smokers, 38,607 past smokers, and 26,776 current smokers with eligible data were included in the study. SCD was assessed using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The past or current smoking pack-years throughout each participant's entire life were calculated. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) as measures of the association between each type of smoking and SCD after adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsCompared to no exposure, passive smoking was associated with higher odds of SCD. Compared to non-smokers, past smokers had a higher OR for SCD; however, current smokers did not. There were no significant associations between passive smoking and SCD in the non-smoker and past smoker groups, but there was a significant relationship between them in the current smoker group. While the cumulative dose of smoking was correlated with an increased OR of SCD in each group of current smokers and past smokers, E-cigarette smoking and the use of E-liquid were not associated with higher ORs in the current smoker group.ConclusionOur findings support that passive smoking and past smoking are significantly associated with SCD and that more cumulative exposure to smoking is correlated with a higher OR of SCD.
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12
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Relationship between cognitive impairment and postural stability in the elderly population. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Yu X, Mu A, Wu X, Zhou L. Impact of Internet Use on Cognitive Decline in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: Longitudinal Observational Study. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e25760. [PMID: 35072642 PMCID: PMC8822429 DOI: 10.2196/25760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Given that cognitive decline lacks effective treatment options and has severe implications for healthy aging, internet use may achieve nonpharmacological relief of cognitive decline through cognitive stimulation and social engagement.
Objective
This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the relationship between the diversity, frequency, and type of internet use and cognitive decline, and to provide theoretical support and suggestions for mitigating cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults.
Methods
Data were obtained from a total of 10,532 survey respondents from the China Family Panel Studies database from wave 3 (2014) and wave 5 (2018) of the survey. Cognitive function was measured using vocabulary tests, and internet use was categorized into five aspects: study, work, socializing, entertainment, and commercial-related activities. Associations between the diversity, frequency, and type of internet use and cognitive decline were estimated by controlling for demographic variables and health status risk factors through fixed-effects models.
Results
After controlling for demographic and health status risk factors, the type and frequency of internet use were found to be associated with cognitive functioning during the subsequent 4-year period, and different types of internet use had different effects on cognitive decline. Frequency of internet use of at least once a week for study (β=0.620, 95% CI 0.061 to 1.180; P=.04), work (β=0.896, 95% CI 0.271 to 1.520; P=.01), and entertainment (β=0.385, 95% CI –0.008 to 0.778; P=.06), as well as less than once a week for social purposes (β=0.860, 95% CI 0.074 to 1.650; P=.06), were associated with better cognitive function. Frequency of internet use of less than once a week for commercial-related activities (β=–0.906, 95% CI –1.480 to –0.337; P=.005) was associated with poorer cognitive function. Using the internet for more than one type of activity (β=0.458, 95% CI 0.065 to 0.850; P=.03) and at least once a week (β=0.436, 95% CI 0.066 to 0.806; P=.02) was associated with better cognitive function.
Conclusions
This study shows that breadth and depth of internet use are positively associated with cognitive function and that different types of internet use have different roles in cognitive decline. The importance of the internet as a nonpharmacological intervention pathway for cognitive decline is emphasized. Future research could explore specific mechanisms of influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aruhan Mu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqin Zhou
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zacková L, Jáni M, Brázdil M, Nikolova YS, Marečková K. Cognitive impairment and depression: Meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 32:102830. [PMID: 34560530 PMCID: PMC8473769 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal comorbidity of depression and cognitive impairment has been reported by number of epidemiological studies but the underlying mechanisms explaining the link between affective problems and cognitive decline are not very well understood. Imaging studies have typically investigated patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) separately and thus have not identified a structural brain signature common to these conditions that may illuminate potentially targetable shared biological mechanisms. We performed a meta-analysis of. 48 voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies of individuals with MDD, MCI, and age-matched controls and demonstrated that MDD and MCI patients had shared volumetric reductions in a number of regions including the insula, superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior frontal gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus. We suggest that the shared volumetric reductions in the insula and STG might reflect communication deficits and infrequent participation in mentally or socially stimulating activities, which have been described as risk factors for both MCI and MDD. We also suggest that the disease-specific structural changes might reflect the disease-specific symptoms such as poor integration of emotional information, feelings of helplessness and worthlessness, and anhedonia in MDD. These findings could contribute to better understanding of the origins of MDD-MCI comorbidity and facilitate development of early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Zacková
- Brain and Mind Research Programme, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), 5 Kamenice, Brno 62500, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 664/53 Pekarska, Brno 65691, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Jáni
- Brain and Mind Research Programme, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), 5 Kamenice, Brno 62500, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Brázdil
- Brain and Mind Research Programme, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), 5 Kamenice, Brno 62500, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 664/53 Pekarska, Brno 65691, Czech Republic
| | - Yuliya S Nikolova
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1L8, Canada
| | - Klára Marečková
- Brain and Mind Research Programme, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), 5 Kamenice, Brno 62500, Czech Republic; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1L8, Canada
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Wang Y, Lebwohl B, Mehta R, Cao Y, Green PHR, Grodstein F, Jovani M, Lochhead P, Okereke OI, Sampson L, Willett WC, Sun Q, Chan AT. Long-term Intake of Gluten and Cognitive Function Among US Women. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2113020. [PMID: 34019084 PMCID: PMC8140370 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Gluten avoidance has been suggested as having a benefit to cognitive health among the general population, given the link between gluten and cognitive impairment in patients with celiac disease. However, data are lacking in individuals without celiac disease. OBJECTIVE To examine whether gluten intake is associated with cognitive function in women without celiac disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study included US women who participated in the longitudinal, population-based Nurses' Health Study II and had not previously or subsequently been diagnosed with celiac disease. Dietary data were collected from 1991 to 2015, and data on cognitive function were collected from 2014 to 2019. Data analysis was conducted from October 2020 to April 2021. EXPOSURES Energy-adjusted gluten intake, cumulatively averaged across questionnaire cycles prior to cognitive assessment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Three standardized cognitive scores assessed by the validated Cogstate Brief Battery: (1) psychomotor speed and attention score, (2) learning and working memory score, and (3) global cognition score. Higher scores indicated better performance. RESULTS The cohort included 13 494 women (mean [SD] age, 60.6 [4.6] years). The mean (SD) gluten intake was 6.3 (1.6) g/d. After controlling for demographic and lifestyle risk factors in linear regression, no significant differences in standardized cognitive scores (mean [SD], 0 [1]) by quintile of gluten intake were found across highest and lowest quintiles of gluten intake (psychomotor speed and attention: -0.02; 95% CI, -0.07 to 0.03; P for trend = .22; learning and working memory: 0.02; 95% CI, -0.03 to 0.07; P for trend = .30; global cognition: -0.002; 95% CI, -0.05 to 0.05; P for trend = .78). The null associations persisted after additional adjustment for major sources of dietary gluten (ie, refined grains or whole grains), comparing decile categories of gluten intake, using gluten intake updated at each previous questionnaire cycle, or modeling changes in gluten intake. Similarly, these associations were not materially altered in sensitivity analyses that excluded women who had reported cancer or dementia diagnosis or had not completed all dietary assessments. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, long-term gluten intake was not associated with cognitive scores in middle-aged women without celiac disease. Our results do not support recommendations to restrict dietary gluten to maintain cognitive function in the absence of celiac disease or established gluten sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Wang
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Benjamin Lebwohl
- Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Raaj Mehta
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter H. R. Green
- Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Manol Jovani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paul Lochhead
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Olivia I. Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Sampson
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qi Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Luo Y, Zhong Y, Pang L, Zhao Y, Liang R, Zheng X. The effects of indoor air pollution from solid fuel use on cognitive function among middle-aged and older population in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142460. [PMID: 33254849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Growing evidence has linked outdoor air pollution exposure with higher risk of cognitive impairments. However, the role of indoor air pollution in cognitive decline is not well elaborated. By using nationally representative longitudinal data, this study aimed to explore the effects of indoor air pollution from solid fuel use on cognitive function among middle-aged and older individuals in China. METHODS Data were obtained from 2011 to 2015 waves of CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study). Scores from the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status and figure drawing/word recall tests were used to measure cognitive function in 39,482 individuals. Exposure to indoor air pollution was measured as use of solid fuel for cooking. Solid fuel was defined as coal, biomass charcoal, wood, and straw; clean fuel was defined as liquefied gas, natural gas, and electricity. Linear mixed effect models were applied to examine the effect of indoor air pollution from solid fuel use on cognitive function. RESULTS Participants had an average global cognitive function of 9.67 (SD = 4.13). Solid fuel users made up 49.71% of participants, but this proportion was much greater among those living in rural areas (64.22%). Compared with clean fuel users, solid fuel users had worse cognitive function. On average, solid fuel users had a 0.81 (95%CI: -0.89, -0.73) lower global cognition score, 0.63 (95%CI: -0.69, -0.57) lower mental health score, and 0.16 (95%CI: -0.22, -0.14) lower episodic memory score. These effects were stronger among participants who are female, aged 65 years old and above, have education level of primary school and below, or have cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for the role of indoor air pollution in neurobehavioral disorders in China. Promotion of practices like expanded use of clean fuel and improved stoves in households may be crucial to significantly reduce indoor air pollution and protect mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Luo
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China; APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing, China; Advanced Systems Analysis, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria
| | - Yijing Zhong
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China; APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Pang
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China; APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihao Zhao
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China; APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Richard Liang
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China; APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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He F, Li T, Lin J, Li F, Zhai Y, Zhang T, Gu X, Zhao G. Passive Smoking Exposure in Living Environments Reduces Cognitive Function: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041402. [PMID: 32098188 PMCID: PMC7068506 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no consensus regarding the effects of passive smoking exposure on cognitive function in older adults. We evaluated 7000 permanent residents from six regions within Zhejiang Province, China, aged ≥60 years, without cognitive impairment at baseline and during follow-up examinations for two years. The Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess the participants’ cognitive function. Multivariate regression analyses were carried out to calculate the adjusted relative risks (RRs) as measures of the association between passive smoking exposure and cognitive impairment after adjusting for potential confounders. The results showed an association between passive smoking exposure in the living environment and increased risk of cognitive impairment (RR: 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.35). No dose–response relationship between the cumulative dose of passive smoking exposure (days) and cognitive impairment was observed. The results of stratified analyses suggested a harmful effect of passive smoking exposure on cognitive function in non-smokers (RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06–1.46), but not in smokers (RR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.71–1.92). Therefore, passive smoking exposure increased the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults, especially non-smokers. More effective measures to restrict smoking in the living environment should be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (J.L.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (T.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Tian Li
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Junfen Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (J.L.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (T.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Fudong Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (J.L.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (T.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (J.L.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (T.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (J.L.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (T.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Xue Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (J.L.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (T.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Genming Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-54237334
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De Francesco D, Underwood J, Bagkeris E, Boffito M, Post FA, Mallon P, Vera JH, Williams I, Anderson J, Johnson M, Sabin CA, Winston A. Depression, lifestyle factors and cognitive function in people living with HIV and comparable HIV-negative controls. HIV Med 2019; 20:274-285. [PMID: 30734983 PMCID: PMC6593457 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives We investigated whether differences in cognitive performance between people living with HIV (PLWH) and comparable HIV‐negative people were mediated or moderated by depressive symptoms and lifestyle factors. Methods A cross‐sectional study of 637 ‘older’ PLWH aged ≥ 50 years, 340 ‘younger’ PLWH aged < 50 years and 276 demographically matched HIV‐negative controls aged ≥ 50 years enrolled in the Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Observations in People over Fifty (POPPY) study was performed. Cognitive function was assessed using a computerized battery (CogState). Scores were standardized into Z‐scores [mean = 0; standard deviation (SD) = 1] and averaged to obtain a global Z‐score. Depressive symptoms were evaluated via the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9). Differences between the three groups and the effects of depression, sociodemographic factors and lifestyle factors on cognitive performance were evaluated using median regression. All analyses accounted for age, gender, ethnicity and level of education. Results After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, older and younger PLWH had poorer overall cognitive scores than older HIV‐negative controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively). Moderate or severe depressive symptoms were more prevalent in both older (27%; P < 0.001) and younger (21%; P < 0.001) PLWH compared with controls (8%). Depressive symptoms (P < 0.001) and use of hashish (P = 0.01) were associated with lower cognitive function; alcohol consumption (P = 0.02) was associated with better cognitive scores. After further adjustment for these factors, the difference between older PLWH and HIV‐negative controls was no longer significant (P = 0.08), while that between younger PLWH and older HIV‐negative controls remained significant (P = 0.01). Conclusions Poorer cognitive performances in PLWH compared with HIV‐negative individuals were, in part, mediated by the greater prevalence of depressive symptoms and recreational drug use reported by PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Francesco
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Underwood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Bagkeris
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Boffito
- Chelsea and Westminster Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - F A Post
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Pwg Mallon
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J H Vera
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - I Williams
- Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Anderson
- Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Johnson
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - C A Sabin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Winston
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Deng J, Cao C, Jiang Y, Peng B, Wang T, Yan K, Lian J, Wang Z. Prevalence and effect factors of dementia among the community elderly in Chongqing, China. Psychogeriatrics 2018; 18:412-420. [PMID: 29761589 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND China is an ageing society, with around 150 million people aged 60 years or older. The prevalence of dementia will increase by more than 100% in the coming 20 years. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and effects of dementia among the community elderly in Chongqing, China. METHODS Cluster sampling was adopted. A sample of elderly individuals aged 60 years and older was extracted as research subjects from three counties within Chongqing, China. One-on-one interviews were conducted through a general information questionnaire, and the Mini-Mental State Examination, Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale were administered. The investigated data were tested by χ2 , and the effect factors of dementia were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS We distributed 1850 questionnaire, and the response rate was 100%. However, only 1781 questionnaires were able to be used in the study. Of the 1781 elderly respondents, 186 (10.44%) presented with dementia. Our findings revealed that differences in regions, age, marital status, education level, occupation, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, freshwater fish consumption, exercise, intensive labour, mah-jong- and chess-playing habits, media consumption (i.e. watching TV, listening to the radio, or reading the newspaper), body mass index, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and depression were statistically significant in the prevalence of dementia (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS According to multiple logistic regression analyses, living in a rural area, older age, being single, obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and depression are risk factors for dementia. In contrast, cessation of smoking, freshwater fish consumption, moderate or frequent exercise, intensive labour, daily housework, outdoor activities, media consumption, and social activities are protective factors against dementia among community elderly in Chongqing, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Deng
- School of Public Health and Management, the Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- School of Public Health and Management, the Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- School of Public Health and Management, the Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Peng
- School of Public Health and Management, the Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, the Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Yan
- School of Public Health and Management, the Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingxi Lian
- School of Public Health and Management, the Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Zengzi Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, the Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing, China
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Takahashi S, Hoshino M, Tsujio T, Terai H, Suzuki A, Namikawa T, Kato M, Matsumura A, Takayama K, Nakamura H. Risk factors for cognitive decline following osteoporotic vertebral fractures: A multicenter cohort study. J Orthop Sci 2017; 22:834-839. [PMID: 28501435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) are the most common cause of intractable back pain and reduced activities of daily living (ADL), which may affect cognitive function. However, no previous studies have reported a change in cognitive function after OVFs. The purpose was to reveal cognitive function changes after OVFs and investigate the risk factors for cognitive decline. METHODS Consecutive patients with symptomatic OVFs were enrolled in a prospective multicenter cohort study. The inclusion criteria were age >65 years, diagnosis of acute or subacute OVF, and back pain onset within 2 months prior to presentation. Cognitive function was assessed with the mini-mental state examination. Medical history, radiological findings, and ADL were investigated as risk factors for cognitive decline. RESULTS We recruited a sample of 339 patients (58 men and 281 women) who met the inclusion criteria. Patients underwent examinations and completed questionnaires at both the time of enrollment and at 6-month follow-up. At 6-month follow-up, cognitive decline was observed in 26 (7.7%) patients. Medical history, including comorbidities and sports activities, did not affect odds ratios (ORs). However, elevated ORs were associated with delayed union (OR: 4.67, 95% Confidence interval: 1.22-17.87). In addition, significantly increased ORs were associated with reduced ADL at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The current results revealed the incidence of cognitive decline after the onset of OVF. Delayed union and reduced ADL at 6-month follow-up were associated with cognitive decline. Patients with cognitive decline experienced significantly reduced quality of life. These results highlight the importance of preventing cognitive impairment in patients with symptomatic OVF. Physical treatment or early surgical treatment may provide appropriate options, particularly for patients with suspected delayed union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hoshino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Tadao Tsujio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shiraniwa Hospital, 6-10-1, Shiraniwadai, Ikoma City, Nara, Japan
| | - Hidetomi Terai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Akinobu Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Namikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-15-16, Miyakojima Hon-Dori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minori Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-15-16, Miyakojima Hon-Dori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-15-16, Miyakojima Hon-Dori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazushi Takayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seikeikai Hospital, 6-2-11, Koryonakamachi, Sakai-ku, Sakai City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Liu J, Shang S, Li P, Deng M, Chen C, Jiang Y, Dang L, Qu Q. Association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depends on age: A cross-sectional study in Xi'an, China. Med Clin (Barc) 2017; 149:203-208. [PMID: 28416227 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment, while the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment is not fully understood. The objectives were to identify a possible association between current smoking and cognitive impairment depending on age in the Chinese rural population. METHODS Data for the study consisted of 1,782 participants (40 years and older) who lived in a rural village in the vicinity of Xi'an, China. Data about smoking history and cognitive function were collected. Cognitive function was scored by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The effect of age on the relationship between current smoking and cognitive impairment was analyzed with interaction and stratified analysis by logistic regression models. RESULTS Interaction analysis showed that current smoking is positively related with cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR]=9.067; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.305-62.979; P=.026). However, the interaction term, age by current smoking, is negatively related with cognitive impairment (OR=0.969; 95%CI 0.939-0.999; P=.045). Stratified logistic regression showed that in the 40-65 years of age sublayer, OR of current smoking is 1.966 (P=.044), whereas in the>65 years of age sublayer, the OR is 0.470 (P=.130). This means that the association between current smoking and cognitive impairment with age might be positive (OR>1) in lower age sublayers, but no significant difference in higher age sublayers. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, current smoking might be positively associated with cognitive impairment in the middle-aged but the relationship declines with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Suhang Shang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meiying Deng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangjun Dang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China.
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G SBA, Choi S, Krishnan J, K R. Cigarette smoke and related risk factors in neurological disorders: An update. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:79-86. [PMID: 27930990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is known to be harmful to health, and is considered the main cause of death worldwide, especially in India. Among the well-distinguished diseases related to smoking are, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oral and peripheral cancers, and cardiovascular complications. However, the impact of cigarette smoking on neurocognitive and neuropathological effects, including anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, still remains unclear. Cigarette smoke consists of more than 4500 toxic chemicals that combine to form free radicals, which lead to oxidative stress-associated neurological disorders. Herein, we discuss the role of antioxidant agents in delaying or attenuating disease complications. In addition, in this review, we discuss the neuropathological effect of cigarette smoke and its interference in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smilin Bell Aseervatham G
- National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Anna University, BIT campus, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruckmani K
- National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Anna University, BIT campus, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Huang WJ, Zhang X, Chen WW. Association between alcohol and Alzheimer's disease. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1247-1250. [PMID: 27588045 PMCID: PMC4998119 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by dense deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein in the brain, failure of the memory and dementia. At present, there is no cure for AD and current treatments only provide a temporary reduction of symptoms. Thus, there is a need for effective preventive/curative strategic approaches. Accordingly, epidemiological studies have reported a reduction in the prevalence of AD in individuals ingesting low amounts of alcohol, while a moderate consumption of ethanol may protect against Aβ. These data are conflicting with other observations that assigned detrimental effects of heavy alcohol use on brain function, which are apparently similar to those observed in AD. These discrepancies questioned whether or not alcohol is a protective agent against the development of AD, whether the probable protective effects are influenced by the quantity and/or frequency of drinking. These issues are addressed in this review with the aim to suggest the real risk of alcohol for developing or preventing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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Schuch JB, Polina ER, Rovaris DL, Kappel DB, Mota NR, Cupertino RB, Silva KL, Guimarães-da-Silva PO, Karam RG, Salgado CAI, White MJ, Rohde LA, Grevet EH, Bau CHD. Pleiotropic effects of Chr15q25 nicotinic gene cluster and the relationship between smoking, cognition and ADHD. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 80:73-78. [PMID: 27302872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster (Chr15q25) have been robustly associated with nicotine dependence, including genome-wide studies, as well as with cognitive and neuropsychological measures. In addition, cognitive processes can be influenced by nicotine use through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here, we evaluated the effect of polymorphisms in CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster and their interaction with tobacco smoking status on cognition in patients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Eight SNPs from the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster were evaluated on a clinical sample of 403 adults with ADHD. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R). Analyses of covariance were used to assess the influence of single markers and their interaction with smoking status in the Vocabulary and Block Design subtests of WAIS-R. Correction for multiple comparisons was applied. Lifetime smoking was associated to Vocabulary subtest. The TT genotypes of CHRNA5 SNPs rs588765 and rs514743 showed a trend towards association with, respectively, higher and lower scores on the Vocabulary subtest. There was a significant interaction between intergenic SNP rs8023462 and smoking on Vocabulary scores. Our results are consistent with an influence of variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster on cognitive measures. The overall scenario suggests a pleiotropic role of Chr15q25 nicotinic gene cluster with complex influences in ADHD, tobacco smoking and cognitive performance, characteristics that can be partially interdependent and may share underlying genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline B Schuch
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Evelise R Polina
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego L Rovaris
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Djenifer B Kappel
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nina R Mota
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata B Cupertino
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Katiane L Silva
- Adult ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael G Karam
- Adult ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos A I Salgado
- Adult ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Melanie J White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luis A Rohde
- Adult ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eugenio H Grevet
- Adult ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Adult ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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25
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Stockley CS. Wine consumption, cognitive function and dementias – A relationship? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/nua-150055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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Vajravelu HR, Gnanadurai TK, Krishnan P, Ayyavoo S. Impact of Quantified Smoking Status on Cognition in Young Adults. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:CC01-3. [PMID: 26816883 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/16444.6867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking is an addictive behaviour which continues to rise among young adults. It has been associated with various health hazards. Effect of smoking on cognitive function has been contradicting. Thus our aim was to compare cognitive performances between smokers and non smokers and also to observe the effect of varying intensity of smoking on cognition. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. Thirty non smokers, 30 mild smokers, 30 moderate smokers, 30 heavy smokers within the age group of 25-35 years were involved in the study. Their cognitive performance were assessed by digit symbol substitution test (DSST), digit vigilance test (DVT), visual reaction time (VRT), letter cancellation test (LCT), word recall (WR), and object recall (OR). RESULT The cognitive data were analysed using unpaired students t-test and ANOVA in SPSS 19. Smokers showed significant decline in their cognitive performances when compared to smokers (p ≤ 0.05). Mild smokers showed significantly better performance in the DSST, DVT and VRT tests than the non smokers. This indicates the attention and alertness were better in mild smokers than the non smokers. With the increase in the intensity of smoking cognitive performances were also significantly declined. CONCLUSION Thus the study indicates decreased cognitive performances in young adult smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemamalini Ramasamy Vajravelu
- Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Center , Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Thilip Kumar Gnanadurai
- Tutor, Department of Physiology, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Center , Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Prabhavathi Krishnan
- Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Center , Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Saravanan Ayyavoo
- Professor and HOD, Department of Physiology, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Center , Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
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Dietary Patterns and Risk of Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6144-6154. [PMID: 26553347 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dietary patterns and some dietary components have been linked with dementia. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of available studies to determine whether there is an association between diet and risk of dementia. We included eligible articles and estimated risk ratio (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs). Finally, there were 43 trials that met the inclusion standard. Some food intake was related with decrease of dementia, such as unsaturated fatty acids (RR: 0.84, 95 % CI: [0.74-0.95], P = 0.006), antioxidants (RR: 0.87, 95 % CI: [0.77-0.98], P = 0.026), vitamin B (RR: 0.72, 95 % CI: [0.54-0.96], P = 0.026), and the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) (RR: 0.69, 95 % CI: [0.57-0.84], P < 0.001). Some material intakes were related with increase of dementia, such as aluminum (RR: 2.24, 95 % CI: [1.49-3.37], P < 0.001), smoking (RR: 1.43, 95 % CI: [1.15-1.77], P = 0.001), and low levels of vitamin D (RR: 1.52, 95 % CI: [1.17-1.98], P = 0.002). The effect of some materials needs further investigation, such as fish (RR: 0.79, 95 % CI: [0.59-1.06], P = 0.113), vegetables and fruits (RR: 0.46, 95 % CI: [0.16-1.32], P = 0.149), and alcohol (RR: 0.74, 95 % CI: [0.55- 1.01], P = 0.056). Thus, the MeDi and higher consumption of unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and B vitamins decrease the risk of dementia while smoking and higher consumption of aluminum increase the risk of dementia. Low levels of vitamin D were associated with cognitive decline. The effect of fish, vegetables, fruits, and alcohol needs further investigation. The findings will be of great significance to guide people to prevent dementia.
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28
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Korpi ER, den Hollander B, Farooq U, Vashchinkina E, Rajkumar R, Nutt DJ, Hyytiä P, Dawe GS. Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:872-1004. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Handing EP, Andel R, Kadlecova P, Gatz M, Pedersen NL. Midlife Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Dementia Over 43 Years of Follow-Up: A Population-Based Study From the Swedish Twin Registry. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 70:1248-54. [PMID: 25881581 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midlife alcohol consumption (beer, wine, and spirits) was examined in relation to dementia incidence over 43 years. METHODS Participants were 12,326 members of the population-based Swedish Twin Registry born during 1907-1925 who responded to items about alcohol consumption in 1967/1970, subsequently classified as nondrinking (0 grams of ethanol per day), light (1-5g/d), moderate (5-12g/d), heavy (12-24g/d), and very heavy (>24g/d) drinking. Dementia was identified from the National Patient and Cause of Death Registries. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for cluster-correlated data were used in cohort analyses. Conditional logistic regression (dementia-discordant pairs) and mixed effects models (dementia-concordant pairs) were used in twin analyses. RESULTS Overall, nondrinkers did not differ from light drinkers in dementia risk. Heavy drinking (hazard ratio = 1.10, p = .028) and very heavy drinking (hazard ratio = 1.18, p = .033) were associated with increased dementia risk controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and cardiovascular factors. More alcohol from spirits was related to increased risk of dementia, whereas more alcohol from wine with decreased risk, although the association for wine reversed direction at high amounts. Relative to co-twins drinking light amounts, moderate-to-heavy drinking twins had (a) greater risk of dementia by 57% (p = .006, 300% in monozygotic pairs only) and (b) reduced time to dementia by 4.76 years (p = .019, 4.78 years in monozygotic pairs only). CONCLUSION Averaging more than 12 grams of alcohol per day may increase risk of dementia. Alcohol from spirits appears particularly important for the increased dementia risk. Genetic and/or familial factors do not explain these associations. Alcohol use reduction may be a useful population-wide intervention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross Andel
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa. International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Kadlecova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bickel WK, Moody L, Quisenberry AJ, Ramey CT, Sheffer CE. A Competing Neurobehavioral Decision Systems model of SES-related health and behavioral disparities. Prev Med 2014; 68:37-43. [PMID: 25008219 PMCID: PMC4253853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose that executive dysfunction is an important component relating to the socio-economic status gradient of select health behaviors. We review and find evidence supporting an SES gradient associated with (1) negative health behaviors (e.g., obesity, excessive use of alcohol, tobacco and other substances), and (2) executive dysfunction. Moreover, the evidence supports that stress and insufficient cognitive resources contribute to executive dysfunction and that executive dysfunction is evident among individuals who smoke cigarettes, are obese, abuse alcohol, and use illicit drugs. Collectively these data support the dual system model of cognitive control, referred to here as the Competing Neurobehavioral Decision Systems hypothesis. The implications of these relationships for intervention and social justice considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Bickel
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
| | - L Moody
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - A J Quisenberry
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - C T Ramey
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - C E Sheffer
- The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
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Tan SP, Fan FM, Zhao YL, Chen N, Fan HZ, Zhang JG, Wang YH, Yoon JH, Soares JC, Zou YZ, Zhang XY. Smoking, MATRICS consensus cognitive battery and P50 sensory gating in a Han Chinese population. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 143:51-7. [PMID: 25124304 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of smoking on cognitive performance have long been studied, with mixed results. P50 sensory gating has been used as endophenotype for studying nicotinic systems genetics, and P50 gating deficits have been reported to be a sensitive biomarker for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. This study examined the inter-relationship between P50 suppression, cognitive function, and smoking in a healthy Han Chinese population, which has not been reported before. METHODS We recruited 82 healthy male subjects, including 48 smokers and 34 non-smokers who were matched for age and education. The authors measured P50 sensory gating and administered the Chinese-language version of the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) and Stroop tests. RESULTS The results showed that the smokers scored lower than nonsmokers on the MCCB brief visuospatial memory test (BVMT) index and the STROOP test. Furthermore, the MCCB total score was negatively associated with number of cigarettes smoked per day in the smoker group. However, P50 sensory gating was not associated with either smoking status or any cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that smoking is associated with cognitive impairment, but not with P50 sensory gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Mei Fan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Li Zhao
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Fan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Guo Zhang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Hui Wang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin H Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addiction, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi-Zhuang Zou
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital., Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Arizaga RL, Gogorza RE, Allegri RF, Baumann PD, Morales MC, Harris P, Pallo V, Cegarra MM. Cognitive impairment and risk factor prevalence in a population over 60 in Argentina. Dement Neuropsychol 2014; 8:364-370. [PMID: 29213927 PMCID: PMC5619185 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642014dn84000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data on dementia and cognitive impairment are scarce in South America. In Argentina, no dementia/cognitive impairment population-based epidemiological studies are available. The Ceibo Study is a population-based epidemiological study of dementia and cognitive impairment in individuals over 60 to be conducted. The present paper reports the results of the pilot phase (survey of cognitive impairment) conducted in Cañuelas (province of Buenos Aires). METHODS In a door-to-door survey, trained high school students evaluated 1453 individuals aged 60 years and over in one day using a demographic data and risk factors questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). RESULTS Mean age of the individuals was 70.9 (±7.5) years, 61.4% were women, mean schooling was 5.5 (±3.5) years. Mean MMSE score was 24.5 (±4.7) and mean GDS 3.1 (±2.7). Risk factors of higher prevalence in the population under study were: hypertension (40.6%), smoking (35.1%), alcohol consumption (32.8%), high cholesterol (16.1%), diabetes (12.5%), cranial trauma with loss of consciousness (12.5%), 7 points or more on the GDS (11.7%). Prevalence of cognitive impairment for the whole sample was 23%, and 16.9% in subjects aged 60-69, 23.3% in 70-79 and 42.5% in subjects aged 80 or over . A significant correlation of cognitive impairment with age, functional illiteracy, cranial trauma, high blood pressure, inactivity and depression was found. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was comparable with previous international studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul L Arizaga
- PRONADIAL (Programa Nacional de Datos, Docencia e
Investigación en Alzheimer y otros Trastornos Cognitivos). Departamento de
Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Buenos Aires,
Argentina
- Unidad de Investigación en Neurología Cognitiva,
Synapse, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana E Gogorza
- Unidad de Investigación en Neurología Cognitiva,
Synapse, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Patricia D Baumann
- Unidad de Investigación en Neurología Cognitiva,
Synapse, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Morales
- Unidad de Investigación en Neurología Cognitiva,
Synapse, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Harris
- Centro de Memoria y Envejecimiento, FLENI, Buenos Aires,
Argentina
| | - Vicente Pallo
- Hospital Francisco Santojanni, GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M Cegarra
- Unidad de Investigación en Neurología Cognitiva,
Synapse, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Beydoun MA, Beydoun HA, Gamaldo AA, Teel A, Zonderman AB, Wang Y. Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:643. [PMID: 24962204 PMCID: PMC4099157 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment, including dementia, is a major health concern with the increasing aging population. Preventive measures to delay cognitive decline are of utmost importance. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia, increasing in prevalence from <1% below the age of 60 years to >40% above 85 years of age. Methods We systematically reviewed selected modifiable factors such as education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, caffeine, antioxidants, homocysteine (Hcy), n-3 fatty acids that were studied in relation to various cognitive health outcomes, including incident AD. We searched MEDLINE for published literature (January 1990 through October 2012), including cross-sectional and cohort studies (sample sizes > 300). Analyses compared study finding consistency across factors, study designs and study-level characteristics. Selecting studies of incident AD, our meta-analysis estimated pooled risk ratios (RR), population attributable risk percent (PAR%) and assessed publication bias. Results In total, 247 studies were retrieved for systematic review. Consistency analysis for each risk factor suggested positive findings ranging from ~38.9% for caffeine to ~89% for physical activity. Education also had a significantly higher propensity for “a positive finding” compared to caffeine, smoking and antioxidant-related studies. Meta-analysis of 31 studies with incident AD yielded pooled RR for low education (RR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.30-3.04), high Hcy (RR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.50-2.49), and current/ever smoking status (RR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.23-1.52) while indicating protective effects of higher physical activity and n-3 fatty acids. Estimated PAR% were particularly high for physical activity (PAR% = 31.9; 95% CI: 22.7-41.2) and smoking (PAR%=31.09%; 95% CI: 17.9-44.3). Overall, no significant publication bias was found. Conclusions Higher Hcy levels, lower educational attainment, and decreased physical activity were particularly strong predictors of incident AD. Further studies are needed to support other potential modifiable protective factors, such as caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, 251 Bayview Blvd,, Suite 100, Room #: 04B118, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Zhang Y, Shi Z, Liu M, Liu S, Yue W, Liu S, Xiang L, Lu H, Liu P, Wisniewski T, Wang J, Ji Y. Prevalence of cognitive impairment no dementia in a rural area of Northern China. Neuroepidemiology 2014; 42:197-203. [PMID: 24751796 DOI: 10.1159/000360138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few data are available on the prevalence of cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) in rural China. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of CIND in individuals aged 60 years and older in a large rural community, and to analyze the associated risk factors. METHODS A two-phase, door-to-door epidemiological study was used for residents aged 60 years and older in Ji County, a rural county near Tianjin in Northern China. In phase 1 of the study, the Mini-Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating were administered for screening purposes. In phase 2, the subjects who screened positive were further examined by neurologists. A total of 5,744 individuals underwent the home visit interview, where demographic variables and comorbidities were recorded; 5,550 individuals completed the two phases. CIND was diagnosed by the Aging, Demographics and Memory Study on CIND criteria. The odds ratio (OR) for each risk factor was calculated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of CIND among those aged 60 years and older was 23.3%. The prevalence of CIND was lower among those with a higher level of education or social involvement. CIND was more prevalent in females, older individuals, those with a past history of stroke, and those living without a partner. Significant risk factors were found by multivariate analyses: past history of stroke (OR = 1.889; 95% CI: 1.437-2.483); being female (OR = 1.546; 95% CI: 1.305-1.832); and having no partner (divorced, widowed or single; OR = 1.250; 95% CI: 1.042-1.499). In turn, level of education (OR = 0.560; 95% CI: 0.460-0.681) and engagement in social activities (OR = 0.339; 95% CI: 0.258-0.404) were protective factors. CONCLUSIONS This is the first large-scale community-based epidemiological study assessing the prevalence of cognitive loss in the rural Chinese population. The total prevalence of CIND observed was 23.3%, which was higher than in other studies in Western and Asian countries. Living without a partner, female gender and previous stroke increased the risk of CIND, whereas a higher level of education and engagement in social activities reduced the risk of CIND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
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Hogenkamp PS, Benedict C, Sjögren P, Kilander L, Lind L, Schiöth HB. Late-life alcohol consumption and cognitive function in elderly men. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:243-249. [PMID: 23649646 PMCID: PMC3889878 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Moderate alcohol consumption (one to two drinks per day) has been associated with better cognitive function and lower risk of developing dementia in the elderly. In light of alcohol's well-known neurotoxic properties, more evidence from well-controlled population-based studies is required. The objective of this study was to examine whether self-reported alcohol intake at age 70 is linked to cognitive function (assessed by trail making tests (TMTs) A and B, which are measures of attention, mental speed, and flexibility) in a population-based cohort consisting of 652 cognitively healthy elderly men. Linear regression models were used to assess both cross-sectional (i.e., age 70) and prospective (i.e., age 77) associations between alcohol intake and cognitive function. The analyses were adjusted for education, body mass index, energy intake, self-reported physical activity, smoking, a history of hypertension or diabetes, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, and cholesterol levels at the age of 70. Baseline data were obtained from 1990 to 1996. Self-reported alcohol intake (mean 6.9 ± 7.1 g/day) was associated with better performance on TMT-B at ages 70 and 77 (β = -0.87, p < 0.001). In contrast, alcohol intake was not predictive of the difference in performance on these tests between ages 70 and 77. Despite cross-sectional associations with performance in a test of executive functioning, moderate intake of alcohol was not linked to differences in cognitive performance between ages 70 and 77 in the present study. Thus, our findings do not support the view that daily moderate alcohol consumption is a recommendable strategy to slow cognitive aging in elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pleunie S. Hogenkamp
- />Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Benedict
- />Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Sjögren
- />Section of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- />Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- />Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- />Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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Wagner M, Schulze-Rauschenbach S, Petrovsky N, Brinkmeyer J, von der Goltz C, Gründer G, Spreckelmeyer KN, Wienker T, Diaz-Lacava A, Mobascher A, Dahmen N, Clepce M, Thuerauf N, Kiefer F, de Millas JW, Gallinat J, Winterer G. Neurocognitive impairments in non-deprived smokers--results from a population-based multi-center study on smoking-related behavior. Addict Biol 2013; 18:752-61. [PMID: 22339903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine neurocognitive function associated with chronic nicotine use. A total of 2163 healthy participants (1002 smokers, 1161 never-smoking controls) participated in a population-based case-control design. The main outcome measures were six cognitive domain factors derived from a neuropsychological test battery. In smokers, the battery was administered after controlled smoking of one cigarette. Analyses included age, sex and education as covariates. Results demonstrated small, but significant deficits in smokers for visual attention (P<0.001) and cognitive impulsivity (P<0.006), while verbal episodic memory, verbal fluency, verbal working memory, and Stroop-interference did not differ between groups. These attention/impulsivity deficits were also present in smokers with only a low amount of cigarette consumption. Lifetime nicotine use (pack-years) was not correlated with cognition in smokers. In conclusion, this study confirmed subtle and specific cognitive deficits in non-deprived smokers. The independence of these deficits from consumption intensity may argue for an a priori deficit of some cognitive abilities in smokers. These specific deficits may constitute intermediate phenotypes for genetic research on nicotine use.
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Gao Y, Huang C, Zhao K, Ma L, Qiu X, Zhang L, Xiu Y, Chen L, Lu W, Huang C, Tang Y, Xiao Q. Depression as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 28:441-9. [PMID: 22815126 DOI: 10.1002/gps.3845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined whether depression was a risk factor for onset of dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD) and any dementia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by using a quantitative meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. METHODS EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for articles published up to February 2011. All studies that examined the relationship between depression and the onset of dementia or MCI were included. Pooled relative risk was calculated using fixed-effects models. RESULTS Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. All subjects were without dementia or MCI at baseline. Four, two, five, and four studies compared the incidence of AD, VD, any dementia, and MCI between subjects with or without depression, respectively. After pooling all the studies, subjects with depression had higher incidence of AD (relative risk (RR):1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29-2.14), VD (RR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.19-3.01), any dementia (RR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.31-2.83), and MCI (RR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.53-2.54) than those without depression. CONCLUSIONS The quantitative meta-analysis showed that depression was a major risk factor for incidence of dementia (including AD, VD, and any dementia) and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Haimov I, Shatil E. Cognitive training improves sleep quality and cognitive function among older adults with insomnia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61390. [PMID: 23577218 PMCID: PMC3618113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives To investigate the effect of an eight-week, home-based, personalized, computerized cognitive training program on sleep quality and cognitive performance among older adults with insomnia. Design Participants (n = 51) were randomly allocated to a cognitive training group (n = 34) or to an active control group (n = 17). The participants in the cognitive training group completed an eight-week, home-based, personalized, computerized cognitive training program, while the participants in the active control group completed an eight-week, home-based program involving computerized tasks that do not engage high-level cognitive functioning. Before and after training, all participants' sleep was monitored for one week by an actigraph and their cognitive performance was evaluated. Setting Community setting: residential sleep/performance testing facility. Participants Fifty-one older adults with insomnia (aged 65–85). Interventions Eight weeks of computerized cognitive training for older adults with insomnia. Results Mixed models for repeated measures analysis showed between-group improvements for the cognitive training group on both sleep quality (sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency) and cognitive performance (avoiding distractions, working memory, visual memory, general memory and naming). Hierarchical linear regressions analysis in the cognitive training group indicated that improved visual scanning is associated with earlier advent of sleep, while improved naming is associated with the reduction in wake after sleep onset and with the reduction in number of awakenings. Likewise the results indicate that improved “avoiding distractions” is associated with an increase in the duration of sleep. Moreover, the results indicate that in the active control group cognitive decline observed in working memory is associated with an increase in the time required to fall asleep. Conclusions New learning is instrumental in promoting initiation and maintenance of sleep in older adults with insomnia. Lasting and personalized cognitive training is particularly indicated to generate the type of learning necessary for combined cognitive and sleep enhancements in this population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00901641
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Haimov
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Psychobiological Research, Yezreel Academic College, Emek Yezreel, Israel.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed self-reported and objective prospective memory (PM) processes in smokers and a never-smoked comparison group. If persistent smoking does impair PM, then one would expect smokers recall being lower on a study that requires them to remember everyday activities when compared with a never-smoked group. METHOD An existing-groups design was used to compare a group of smokers with a never-smoked group on the self-report Prospective Memory Questionnaire (PMQ) and the Prospective Remembering Video Procedure (PRVP) measuring objective PM. An example of the location-action combination from the PRVP is 'At Thornton's shop' (location), 'Buy a bag of sweets' (action). Participants who reported using an illegal substance (e.g. ecstasy, cannabis), who drank excessively or were 'binge drinkers', or who reported suffering from a clinical condition, such as depression, were excluded from the study. Age, weekly 'safe levels' alcohol use, and strategy use were also measured and controlled for in the study. Each person was tested individually in a quiet laboratory setting on a university campus. RESULTS After controlling for variations in age, weekly alcohol use, and strategy use, smokers recalled significantly fewer location-action combinations on the PRVP when compared with a never-smoked group, with no between-group differences on self-reported PM as measured by the PMQ. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest objective PM deficits are associated with persistent smoking - a relatively unexplored area of research. This cannot be attributed to other drug use, mood, or strategy use. The findings also suggest smokers lack self-awareness of such PM deficits. This study extends the area by utilising a more naturalistic object measure of PM and incorporating strict controls into the study.
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Panza F, Frisardi V, Seripa D, Logroscino G, Santamato A, Imbimbo BP, Scafato E, Pilotto A, Solfrizzi V. Alcohol consumption in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: harmful or neuroprotective? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012; 27:1218-38. [PMID: 22396249 DOI: 10.1002/gps.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In several longitudinal studies, light-to-moderate drinking of alcoholic beverages has been proposed as being protective against the development of age-related changes in cognitive function, predementia syndromes, and cognitive decline of degenerative (Alzheimer's disease, AD) or vascular origin (vascular dementia). However, contrasting findings also exist. METHOD The English literature published in this area before September 2011 was evaluated, and information relating to the various factors that may impact upon the relationship between alcohol consumption and dementia or predementia syndromes is presented in the succeeding texts. RESULTS Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption may be associated with a reduced risk of incident overall dementia and AD; however, protective benefits afforded to vascular dementia, cognitive decline, and predementia syndromes are less clear. The equivocal findings may relate to many of the studies being limited to cross-sectional designs, restrictions by age or gender, or incomplete ascertainment. Different outcomes, beverages, drinking patterns, and study follow-up periods or possible interactions with other lifestyle-related (e.g., smoking) or genetic factors (e.g., apolipoprotein E gene variation) may all contribute to the variability of findings. CONCLUSION Protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption against cognitive decline are suggested to be more likely in the absence of the AD-associated apolipoprotein E ε4 allele and where wine is the beverage. At present, there is no indication that light-to-moderate alcohol drinking would be harmful to cognition and dementia, and attempts to define what might be deemed beneficial levels of alcohol intake in terms of cognitive performance would be highly problematic and contentious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Panza
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatric Research Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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Goriounova NA, Mansvelder HD. Short- and long-term consequences of nicotine exposure during adolescence for prefrontal cortex neuronal network function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012; 2:a012120. [PMID: 22983224 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
More than 70% of adolescents report to have smoked a cigarette at least once. At the adolescent stage the brain has not completed its maturation. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), the brain area responsible for executive functions and attention performance, is one of the last brain areas to mature and is still developing during adolescence. Smoking during adolescence increases the risk of developing psychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment in later life. In addition, adolescent smokers suffer from attention deficits, which aggravate with the years of smoking. Recent studies in rodents reveal the molecular changes induced by adolescent nicotine exposure that alter the functioning of synapses in the PFC and that underlie the lasting effects on cognitive function. Here we provide an overview of these recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Goriounova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Goriounova NA, Mansvelder HD. Nicotine exposure during adolescence alters the rules for prefrontal cortical synaptic plasticity during adulthood. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2012; 4:3. [PMID: 22876231 PMCID: PMC3410598 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2012.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of adolescents report to have smoked a cigarette at least once. Adolescence is a critical period of brain development during which maturation of areas involved in cognitive functioning, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), is still ongoing. Tobacco smoking during this age may compromise the normal course of prefrontal development and lead to cognitive impairments in later life. In addition, adolescent smokers suffer from attention deficits, which progress with the years of smoking. Recent studies in rodents reveal the molecular changes induced by adolescent nicotine exposure that alter the functioning of synapses in the PFC and underlie the lasting effects on cognitive function. In particular, the expression and function of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are changed and this has an impact on short- and long-term plasticity of glutamatergic synapses in the PFC and ultimately on the attention performance. Here, we review and discuss these recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Goriounova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Corley J, Gow AJ, Starr JM, Deary IJ. Smoking, childhood IQ, and cognitive function in old age. J Psychosom Res 2012; 73:132-8. [PMID: 22789417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between smoking history and cognitive function in old age, and whether it remains after controlling for childhood cognitive ability (IQ) and adult socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS In the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 Study, 1080 men and women, who previously participated in a nationwide IQ-type test in childhood, were followed up at age 70. The associations between smoking history and age 70 IQ, general cognitive ability (g), processing speed, memory, and verbal ability were assessed. RESULTS Lower childhood IQ was associated with a higher risk of becoming a smoker and continuing to smoke in late life, and with reduced lung function (FEV1) in late life. Current smokers scored significantly lower than ex-smokers and never smokers on tests of age 70 IQ, general cognitive ability, and processing speed, but not memory or verbal ability. After controlling for childhood IQ and SES, current smoking at age 70 (but not pack years of smoking) was associated with impairments in general cognitive ability and processing speed. CONCLUSION Smoking in old age makes a small, independent contribution to cognitive performance in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Corley
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Jaques JADS, Rezer JFP, Carvalho FB, da Rosa MM, Gutierres JM, Gonçalves JF, Schmatz R, de Bairros AV, Mazzanti CM, Rubin MA, Schetinger MRC, Leal DBR. Curcumin protects against cigarette smoke-induced cognitive impairment and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in rats. Physiol Behav 2012; 106:664-9. [PMID: 22579739 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke, a widely spread habit, is associated with a decline in cognitive function and studies have demonstrated that curcumin (Cur), an Indian spice, possesses a strong neuroprotective potential. Considering the relevance of investigating dietary compounds this study aimed to investigate the effect of Cur on memory and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain structures and blood of cigarette smoke-exposed rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with curcumin and cigarette smoke, once a day, 5 days each week, for 30 days. The experimental procedures were divided in two sets of experiments. In the first, the animals were divided into 4 groups: Vehicle (corn oil), Cur 12.5 mg/kg, Cur 25 mg/kg and Cur 50 mg/kg. In the second, the animals were divided into 5 groups: Vehicle (corn oil), Smoke, Smoke plus Cur 12.5 mg/kg, Smoke plus Cur 25 mg/kg and Smoke plus Cur 50 mg/kg. Treatment with Cur significantly prevented the decreased latency and cholinergic alterations in cigarette smoke-exposed rats. These AChE alterations could suggest a role in the memory impairment promoted by cigarette smoke-exposure and point toward the potential of Cur to modulate cholinergic neurotransmission and, consequently, improve cognition deficits induced by smoke. This study suggests that the dietary compound Cur may be involved in cholinergic system modulation and as a consequence exert an effect on learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeandre Augusto dos Santos Jaques
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Laboratório de Enzimologia Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Prédio 18, Sala 2208, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Portugal GS, Wilkinson DS, Turner JR, Blendy JA, Gould TJ. Developmental effects of acute, chronic, and withdrawal from chronic nicotine on fear conditioning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2012; 97:482-94. [PMID: 22521799 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pre-adolescence and adolescence are developmental periods associated with increased vulnerability for tobacco addiction, and exposure to tobacco during these periods may lead to long-lasting changes in behavioral and neuronal plasticity. The present study examined the short- and long-term effects of nicotine and nicotine withdrawal on fear conditioning in pre-adolescent, adolescent, and adult mice, and potential underlying substrates that may mediate the developmental effects of nicotine, such as changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) binding, CREB expression, and nicotine metabolism. Age-related differences existed in sensitivity to the effects of acute nicotine, chronic nicotine and nicotine withdrawal on contextual fear conditioning (no changes in cued fear conditioning were seen); younger mice were more sensitive to the acute effects and less sensitive to the effects of nicotine withdrawal 24 h post treatment cessation. Developmental differences in nAChR binding were associated with the effects of nicotine withdrawal on contextual learning. Developmental differences in nicotine metabolism and CREB expression were also observed, but were not related to the effects of nicotine withdrawal on contextual learning 24 h post treatment. Chronic nicotine exposure during pre-adolescence or adolescence, however, produced long-lasting impairments in contextual learning that were observed during adulthood, whereas adult chronic nicotine exposure did not. These developmental effects could be related to changes in CREB. Overall, there is a developmental shift in the effects of nicotine on hippocampus-dependent learning and developmental exposure to nicotine results in adult cognitive deficits; these changes in cognition may play an important role in the development and maintenance of nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Portugal
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Potvin O, Lorrain D, Forget H, Dubé M, Grenier S, Préville M, Hudon C. Sleep quality and 1-year incident cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults. Sleep 2012; 35:491-9. [PMID: 22467987 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine in cognitively intact older men and women the associations between subjective sleep quality and 1-yr incident cognitive impairment. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING General community. PARTICIPANTS 1,664 cognitively intact individuals age 65 to 96 years. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Sleep quality at baseline was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Cognitive functioning was assessed at baseline and 12 months later using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Incident general cognitive impairment was defined according to a follow-up MMSE score below the 15(th) percentile according to normative data and of at least 2 points below baseline. General cognitive impairments were also separated into amnestic and nonamnestic subtypes according to MMSE delayed recall performance. Associations between sleep quality indicators at baseline and incident cognitive impairment were assessed by odds ratio (OR) adjusted for age, education, baseline MMSE score, psychotropic drug use, anxiety, depressive episodes, cardiovascular conditions, and chronic diseases. Results revealed that global PSQI score was significantly linked with incident cognitive impairment (OR 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.30) in men, but not in women. In women, sleep disturbance score (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.41-4.86) and long sleep duration (≥ 9 hr; OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.49-9.17) were associated with nonamnestic and amnestic incident cognitive impairment, respectively. In men, short sleep duration (≤ 5 hr; OR 4.95, 95% CI 1.72-14.27) and habitual sleep efficiency score (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.42-2.66) were associated with amnestic and general incident cognitive impairment, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Sleep quality in older adults should receive particular attention by clinicians because poor sleep quality can be an early sign of cognitive decline.
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Jaques JADS, Rezer JFP, Gonçalves JF, Spanevello RM, Gutierres JM, Pimentel VC, Thomé GR, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC, Leal DBR. The effect of curcumin in the ectonucleotidases and acetylcholinesterase activities in synaptosomes from the cerebral cortex of cigarette smoke-exposed rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:703-7. [PMID: 21932293 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the evidence that curcumin may be a potent neuroprotective agent and that cigarette smoke is associated with a decline in the cognitive performance as our bases, we investigated the activities of Ecto-Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), 5'-nucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in cerebral cortex synaptosomes from cigarette smoke-exposed rats treated with curcumin (Cur). The experimental procedures entailed two sets of experiments. In the first set, the groups were vehicle, Cur 12·5, 25 and 50 mg·kg(-1) ; those in the second set were vehicle, smoke, smoke and Cur 12·5, 25 and 50 mg·kg(-1) . Curcumin prevented the increased NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and AChE activities caused by smoke exposure. We suggest that treatment with Cur was protective because the decrease of ATP and acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations is responsible for cognitive impairment, and both ATP and ACh have key roles in neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeandre Augusto Dos Santos Jaques
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Enzimologia Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Brazil.
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Solfrizzi V, Panza F, Frisardi V, Seripa D, Logroscino G, Imbimbo BP, Pilotto A. Diet and Alzheimer's disease risk factors or prevention: the current evidence. Expert Rev Neurother 2011; 11:677-708. [PMID: 21539488 DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preventing or postponing the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and delaying or slowing its progression would lead to a consequent improvement of health status and quality of life in older age. Elevated saturated fatty acids could have negative effects on age-related cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Furthermore, at present, epidemiological evidence suggests a possible association between fish consumption, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; in particular, n-3 PUFA) and a reduced risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Poorer cognitive function and an increased risk of vascular dementia (VaD) were found to be associated with a lower consumption of milk or dairy products. However, the consumption of whole-fat dairy products may be associated with cognitive decline in the elderly. Light-to-moderate alcohol use may be associated with a reduced risk of incident dementia and AD, while for VaD, cognitive decline and predementia syndromes, the current evidence is only suggestive of a protective effect. The limited epidemiological evidence available on fruit and vegetable consumption and cognition generally supports a protective role of these macronutrients against cognitive decline, dementia and AD. Only recently, higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet was associated with decreased cognitive decline, although the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) combines several foods, micro- and macro-nutrients already separately proposed as potential protective factors against dementia and predementia syndromes. In fact, recent prospective studies provided evidence that higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet could be associated with slower cognitive decline, reduced risk of progression from MCI to AD, reduced risk of AD and a decreased all-cause mortality in AD patients. These findings suggested that adherence to the MeDi may affect not only the risk of AD, but also of predementia syndromes and their progression to overt dementia. Based on the current evidence concerning these factors, no definitive dietary recommendations are possible. However, following dietary advice for lowering the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, high levels of consumption of fats from fish, vegetable oils, nonstarchy vegetables, low glycemic index fruits and a diet low in foods with added sugars and with moderate wine intake should be encouraged. Hopefully this will open new opportunities for the prevention and management of dementia and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, Memory Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Positive and negative effects of alcohol and nicotine and their interactions: a mechanistic review. Neurotox Res 2011; 21:57-69. [PMID: 21932109 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine and alcohol are two of the most commonly abused legal substances. Heavy use of one drug can often lead to, or is predictive of, heavy use of the other drug in adolescents and adults. Heavy drinking and smoking alone are of significant health hazard. The combination of the two, however, can result in synergistic adverse effects particularly in incidences of various cancers (e.g., esophagus). Although detrimental consequences of smoking are well established, nicotine by itself might possess positive and even therapeutic potential. Similarly, alcohol at low or moderated doses may confer beneficial health effects. These opposing findings have generated considerable interest in how these drugs act. Here we will briefly review the negative impact of drinking-smoking co-morbidity followed by factors that appear to contribute to the high rate of co-use of alcohol and nicotine. Our main focus will be on what research is telling us about the central actions and interactions of these drugs, and what has been elucidated about the mechanisms of their positive and negative effects. We will conclude by making suggestions for future research in this area.
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Sabia S, Guéguen A, Berr C, Berkman L, Ankri J, Goldberg M, Zins M, Singh-Manoux A. High alcohol consumption in middle-aged adults is associated with poorer cognitive performance only in the low socio-economic group. Results from the GAZEL cohort study. Addiction 2011; 106:93-101. [PMID: 20840170 PMCID: PMC3006084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the association of alcohol consumption over 10 years with cognitive performance in different socio-economic groups. DESIGN Prospective cohort study, the French GAZEL study. SETTING France. PARTICIPANTS Employees of France's national electricity and gas company. MEASUREMENTS Alcohol intake was assessed annually, beginning in 1992, using questions on frequency and quantity of alcoholic beverages consumed in a week; used to define mean consumption and trajectory of alcohol intake over 10 years. Cognitive performance among participants aged ≥ 55 years (n = 4073) was assessed in 2002-04 using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), a measure of psychomotor speed, attention and reasoning. Occupational position at age 35 and education were used as the markers of socio-economic position. FINDINGS All analyses were stratified by socio-economic position. In the low occupational group, participants consuming a mean of more than 21 drinks per week had 2.1 points lower (95% CI: -3.9, -0.3) DSST score compared to those consuming four to 14 drinks per week. In participants with primary school education, the corresponding difference was 3.6 points (95% CI: -7.1, -0.0). No association between alcohol consumption and cognitive performance was observed in the intermediate and high socio-economic groups, defined using either occupation or education. Analysis of trajectories of alcohol consumption showed that in the low socio-economic groups large increase or decrease in alcohol consumption was associated with lower cognitive scores compared to stable consumption. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that high alcohol consumption is associated with poorer cognitive performance only in the low socio-economic group, due possibly to greater cognitive reserve in the higher socio-economic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Sabia
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.
| | - Alice Guéguen
- INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health. Hôpital Paul Brousse, 16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Bâtiment 15/16, 94807 Villejuif Cedex. France
| | - Claudine Berr
- INSERM U888, Hôpital La Colombière, Montpellier, France,University Montpellier 1, Service de Neurologie, CMRR, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lisa Berkman
- Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA,US
| | - Joël Ankri
- INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health. Hôpital Paul Brousse, 16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Bâtiment 15/16, 94807 Villejuif Cedex. France,Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Yvelines, France,Centre de Gérontologie, Hôpital Ste Perine, AP-HP, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health. Hôpital Paul Brousse, 16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Bâtiment 15/16, 94807 Villejuif Cedex. France,Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Yvelines, France
| | - Marie Zins
- INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health. Hôpital Paul Brousse, 16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Bâtiment 15/16, 94807 Villejuif Cedex. France
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- INSERM U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health. Hôpital Paul Brousse, 16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Bâtiment 15/16, 94807 Villejuif Cedex. France,Centre de Gérontologie, Hôpital Ste Perine, AP-HP, France,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
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