1
|
Vasilj M, Zovko T, Galic K, Goluza Sesar M, Pejanovic Skobic N, Pavlovic K. A case report of massive pulmonary tuberculosis and newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus with complications. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e9407. [PMID: 39238507 PMCID: PMC11375285 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.9407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of extensive pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in young people, should take into account the possibility of an associated systemic autoimmune disease. Infections remain an important cause of morbidity and mortalityin systemic lupus erythematosus. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing the association of systemic autoimmune diseases and infections and the need for a multidisciplinary approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Vasilj
- Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis University Clinical Hospital Mostar Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tanja Zovko
- Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis University Clinical Hospital Mostar Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Medicine University of Mostar Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Kristina Galic
- Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis University Clinical Hospital Mostar Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Medicine University of Mostar Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marija Goluza Sesar
- Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis University Clinical Hospital Mostar Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Medicine University of Mostar Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Natasa Pejanovic Skobic
- Faculty of Medicine University of Mostar Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Clinic for Neurology University Clinical Hospital Mostar Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Katica Pavlovic
- Faculty of Medicine University of Mostar Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Clinic for Urology University Clinical Hospital Mostar Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roberts JE, Faino A, Bryan MA, Cogen JD, Morgan EM. Hospitalization and Mortality Due to Infection Among Children and Adolescents With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the United States. J Rheumatol 2024; 51:891-898. [PMID: 38561187 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2023-1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the frequency and types of infections in hospitalized children with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), and to identify risk factors for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of youth aged 2 to 21 years using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for SLE assigned during admission to a hospital participating in the Pediatric Health Information System, a database of United States children's hospitals, from 2009 to 2021. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to identify risk factors for ICU admission and mortality among children hospitalized with infection. RESULTS We identified 8588 children with cSLE and ≥ 1 hospitalization. Among this cohort, there were 26,269 hospitalizations, of which 13% had codes for infections, a proportion that increased over time (P = 0.04). Bacterial pneumonia was the most common hospitalized infection. In-hospital mortality occurred in 0.4% (n = 103) of cSLE hospitalizations for any indication and 2% of hospitalizations for infection (n = 60). The highest mortality rates occurred with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (21%) and other fungal infections (21%). Lupus nephritis (LN) and endstage renal disease (ESRD) were associated with increased odds of ICU admission (odds ratio [OR] 1.47 [95% CI 1.2-1.8] and OR 2.40 [95% CI 1.7-3.4]) among children admitted for serious infection. ESRD was associated with higher mortality (OR 2.34 [95% CI 1.1-4.9]). CONCLUSION Hospitalizations with ICD codes for infection comprised a small proportion of cSLE admissions but accounted for the majority of mortality. The proportion of hospitalizations for infection increased over time. LN and ESRD were risk factors for poor outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Roberts
- J.E. Roberts, MD, MPH, E.M. Morgan, MD, MSCE, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle, and Division of Rheumatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle;
| | - Anna Faino
- A. Faino, MSc, Core for Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Analytics in Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle
| | - Mersine A Bryan
- M.A. Bryan, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle, and Division of Hospital Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle
| | - Jonathan D Cogen
- J.D. Cogen, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, and Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Esi M Morgan
- J.E. Roberts, MD, MPH, E.M. Morgan, MD, MSCE, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle, and Division of Rheumatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Calderón-Parra J, Gutiérrez-Villanueva A, Yagüe-Diego I, Cobo M, Domínguez F, Forteza A, Ana FC, Muñez-Rubio E, Moreno-Torres V, Ramos-Martínez A. Trends in epidemiology, surgical management, and prognosis of infective endocarditis during the XXI century in Spain: A population-based nationwide study. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:881-888. [PMID: 38555656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few population-based studies have evaluated the epidemiology of infective endocarditis (IE). Changes in population demographics and guidelines on IE may have affected both the incidence and outcomes of IE. Therefore, the aim of our study is to provide contemporary population-based epidemiological data of IE in Spain. METHODS Retrospective nationwide observational study using data from the Spanish National Health System Discharge Database. We included all patients hospitalized with IE from January 2000 to December 2019. RESULTS A total of 64,550 IE episodes were included. The incidence of IE rose from 5.25 cases/100,000 person-year in 2000 to 7.21 in 2019, with a 2% annual percentage change (95% CI 1.3-2.6). IE incidence was higher among those aged 85 or older (43.5 cases/100.000 person-years). Trends across the study period varied with sex and age. Patients with IE were progressively older (63.9 years in 2000-2004 to 70.0 in 2015-2019, p < 0.001) and had more frequent comorbidities and predispositions, including, previous valvular prosthesis (12.1% vs 20.9%, p < 0.001). After adjustment, a progressive reduction in mortality was noted including in 2015-2019 compared to 2010-2014 (adjusted odds ratio 0.93, 95% confident interval 0.88-0.99, p = 0.023)., which was associated with more frequent cardiac surgery in recent years (15.1% in 2010-2014 vs 19.9% in 2015-2019). CONCLUSIONS In Spain, the incidence of IE has increased during the XXI century, with a more pronounced increase in elderly individuals. Adjusted-mortality decreased over the years, which could be related to a higher percentage of surgery. Our results highlight the changing epidemiology of IE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Calderón-Parra
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain; Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHSA). Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Andrea Gutiérrez-Villanueva
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain; Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHSA). Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Itziar Yagüe-Diego
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Marta Cobo
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Fernando Domínguez
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Alberto Forteza
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Fernández-Cruz Ana
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain; Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHSA). Majadahonda, Spain; Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Muñez-Rubio
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain; Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHSA). Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno-Torres
- Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHSA). Majadahonda, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain; UNIR Health Sciences School, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Ramos-Martínez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain; Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHSA). Majadahonda, Spain; Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moreno-Torres V, Martínez-Urbistondo M, Vázquez-Comendador J, Mateos Seirul-Lo M, Castejón R, Huerta A, Durán-Del Campo P, Tutor P, Mellor-Pita S. Higher mortality risk from gynaecological neoplasms and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: an observational study from the Spanish National Registry. Lupus Sci Med 2024; 11:e001153. [PMID: 38631847 PMCID: PMC11029302 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2024-001153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of the different types of neoplasms and lineages on mortality of patients with SLE. METHODS Retrospective and observational comparison of the neoplasm-related deaths in patients with SLE and the general Spanish population reported in the Spanish Hospital Discharge Database. To determine the impact of SLE on the risk of dying from each neoplasm lineage, a binary logistic regression considering age, female sex, tobacco and alcohol consumption, was performed. RESULTS During 2016-2019, 139 531 in-hospital deaths from neoplasms were certified in Spain (91 in patients with SLE). Patients with SLE presented a lower mortality rate from solid organ neoplasms, (80.2% vs 91.1%, OR 0.393), linked to their lower risk of colorectal carcinoma (1.1% vs 10.8%, OR 0.110). By contrast, gynaecological neoplasms presented a higher risk (8.8% vs 3%, OR 3.039) in the deceased patients with SLE, associated with the higher frequency of vulvar neoplasms (2% vs 0.2%, OR 14.767) and cervical carcinomas (3.3% vs 0.5%, OR 3.809). Haematological neoplasm-related deaths were also more prevalent in patients with SLE (19.8% vs 8.9%, OR 2.546), mostly attributable to the higher proportion of deaths due to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (11% vs 2.9%, OR 4.060) of B cell lineage (9.9% vs 2.5%, OR 4.133). CONCLUSIONS Patients with SLE present a higher risk of death from vulvar neoplasms, cervical carcinomas and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in comparison with the general Spanish population. In addition to developing strategies that might help to attenuate their occurrence and impact, such as decreasing the immunosuppressive burden, specific early detection programmes for these conditions should be investigated and considered carefully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Moreno-Torres
- Puerta de Hierro University Hospital of Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
- Health Sciences School and Medical Center, UNIR, Logrono, La Rioja, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Castejón
- Puerta de Hierro University Hospital of Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Ana Huerta
- Puerta de Hierro University Hospital of Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Tutor
- Puerta de Hierro University Hospital of Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akhlaq A, Aamer S, Hasan KM, Muzammil TS, Sohail AH, Quazi MA, Khan MS, Sheikh AB. Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with increased risk of mortality and acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19 hospitalization: Insights from a National Inpatient Sample analysis. Lupus 2024; 33:248-254. [PMID: 38194931 DOI: 10.1177/09612033241227027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global health, especially for patients with chronic diseases that may compromise the immune system. This study investigates the association between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and COVID-19 outcomes. METHODS Data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) were analyzed to create a retrospective cohort of COVID-19 hospitalizations, comparing patients with and without SLE. Propensity-score matched analysis was conducted to assess the association between SLE and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 hospitalizations. RESULTS The study included over a million COVID-19 hospitalizations, with approximately 0.5% having a secondary diagnosis of SLE. The SLE-COVID hospitalizations were predominantly female and younger, with a median age of 57.2, while the non-SLE-COVID group had a median age of 64.8 years. Comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal failure, liver disease, and others were more prevalent in the SLE-COVID group. Patients with SLE and COVID-19 had a significantly higher incidence of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis than those without SLE. In-hospital mortality was higher in the SLE group, particularly in the 18-44 year age group (6.15% vs 2.47%, p = .022). CONCLUSION COVID-19 patients with SLE are at an increased mortality risk, especially in the younger age group, and a higher incidence of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. The elevated risk of adverse outcomes underscores the vulnerability of SLE patients to COVID-19. These findings emphasize the importance of special precautions and patient education for individuals with SLE to mitigate the risks associated with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anum Akhlaq
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi University Hospital, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Sameen Aamer
- Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mohammed A Quazi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Muhammad Salman Khan
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas at Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abu Baker Sheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chatterjee R, Pattanaik SS, Misra DP, Agarwal V, Lawrence A, Misra R, Aggarwal A. Tuberculosis remains a leading contributor to morbidity due to serious infections in Indian patients of SLE. Clin Rheumatol 2023:10.1007/s10067-023-06592-x. [PMID: 37040053 PMCID: PMC10088612 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We assessed the incidence and risk factors for major infections in SLE in India. METHODS A retrospective review of a cohort of 1354 patients of adult SLE (ACR 1997 criteria) seen between 2000 and 2021 at a single center was conducted. Serious infections (need for hospitalisation, prolonged intravenous antibiotics, disability, or death) were recorded. Cox regression was used to determine factors associated with serious infection and the effects of serious infection on survival and damage. RESULTS Among the 1354 patients (1258 females, mean age of 30.3 years, follow-up of 7127.89 person-years), there were 439 serious infections in 339 patients (61.6 per 1000 person-years follow-up). Bacterial infections (N = 226) were the most common infection followed by mycobacterial infections (n = 81), viral (n = 35), and then invasive fungal infections (N = 13). Mycobacterium tuberculosis was the single most common microbiologically confirmed organism with incidence of 1136.4/100,000 person-years with 72.8% of them being extrapulmonary. Infection free survival at 1 year and 5 years was 82.9% and 73.8%. There were 119 deaths with infection attributable mortality in 65 (54.6%). On multivariable Cox regression analysis, higher baseline activity (HR 1.02, 1.01-1.05), gastrointestinal involvement (HR 2.75, 1.65-4.69), current steroid dose (HR 1.65, 1.55-1.76), and average cumulative steroid dose per year (HR 1.007, 1.005-1.009) were associated with serious infection and higher albumin (HR 0.65, 0.56-0.76) was protective. Serious infections led to greater damage accrual (median SLICC damage index of 1 vs. 0) and mortality (HR was 18.2, 32.7 and 81.6 for the first, second, and third infections). CONCLUSION Serious infections remain a major cause of mortality and damage accrual in SLE and higher disease activity, gastrointestinal involvement, hypoalbuminemia, current steroid dose, and cumulative steroid dose are the risk factors for it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudrarpan Chatterjee
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sarit Sekhar Pattanaik
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Durga P Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Able Lawrence
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ramnath Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li M, Bai W, Wang Y, Song L, Zhang S, Zhao J, Wu C, Li M, Tian X, Zeng X. Infection in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a potential key to improve outcomes. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:1573-1584. [PMID: 36797549 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and associated factors of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated diffusive alveolar hemorrhage (SLE-DAH) stratified by infection status in a national representative cohort. METHODS This single-center retrospective study included 124 consecutive patients with SLE-DAH in a tertiary care center between 2006 and 2021. The diagnosis of DAH was made based on a comprehensive evaluation of clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiologic findings, and bronchoalveolar lavage. Demographics, clinical features, and survival curves were compared between patients with bacterial, non-bacterial, and non-infection groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors independently associated with bacterial infection in SLE-DAH. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients with SLE-DAH developed bacterial infection after DAH occurrence, thirty-two patients developed fungal and/or viral infection, and thirty-four patients were categorized as non-infection. The bacterial infection group have a worse prognosis (OR 3.059, 95%CI 1.469-6.369, p = 0.002) compared with the other two groups, with a mortality rate of 60.3% within 180 days after DAH occurrence. Factors independently associated with bacterial infections in SLE-DAH included hematuria (OR 4.523, 95%CI 1.068-19.155, p = 0.040), hemoglobin drop in the first 24 h after DAH occurred (OR 1.056, 95%CI 1.001-1.115, p = 0.049), and anti-Smith antibody (OR 0.167, 95%CI 0.052-0.535, p = 0.003). Glucocorticoid pulse therapy and cyclophosphamide were administered in more than 50% of patients regardless of their infectious status. According to clinical experience at our hospital and in previous studies, we recommended a comprehensive management algorithm for SLE-DAH based on infection stratification. CONCLUSION Infection, especially bacterial infection, is a severe complication and prognostic factor of SLE-DAH. Comprehensive management strategies, including diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and monitoring, based on infection stratification may fundamentally improve outcomes of patients with SLE-DAH. Key Points • Bacterial infection is an important, but neglected, prognosis factor of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-associated diffusive alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). • Hematuria, hemoglobin drop, and anti-Smith antibody can independently predict bacterial infections in SLE-DAH. • We put forward a comprehensive management algorithm based on infection stratification for SLE-DAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mucong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lan Song
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shangzhu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiuliang Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chanyuan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinping Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Al-arbi KMS, Magula NP, Mody GM. Tuberculosis remains a major burden in systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Durban, South Africa. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1118390. [PMID: 36936236 PMCID: PMC10014752 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1118390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Infections are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with tuberculosis (TB) being important in an endemic environment. We studied the prevalence and spectrum of TB in SLE in Durban, South Africa. Methods A medical records review of SLE patients seen over 13-year period, and the demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome were noted. Results There were 512 SLE patients and 72 (14.1%) had TB. Thirty (41.7%) had pulmonary TB (PTB) and 42 (58.3%) had extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB). The prevalence of TB among the different ethnic groups was 36/282 (12.8%) for Indian people, 29/184 (15.8%) Black African people, 7/26 (26.9%) admixed African people and none among the 18 White people. Comparison of the 72 SLE-TB patients with 72 SLE controls showed no difference in gender, age at SLE diagnosis and disease duration. The SLE-TB patients had a significant increase in the clinical and laboratory features of disease activity (arthritis, mucocutaneous lesions, renal involvement, vasculitis, low complement, raised ds-DNA antibodies), and cumulative prednisone use over the preceding 3 months.Compared to PTB, the EPTB patients were significantly younger, developed TB earlier after SLE diagnosis, and had higher disease activity. The EPTB patients also had increase in features of disease activity (renal, thrombocytopenia, ds-DNA antibodies), and increase in ever use of intravenous methylprednisolone (IV-MP) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). On multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors for EPTB were ever use of MMF (p = 0.003) and IV-MP (p = 0.027). Analysis of the cumulative SLE criteria showed renal involvement was an independent risk factor for EPTB. The outcome was similar in both groups. Conclusion We show an increased prevalence of TB (14.1%) and EPTB (58.3%) in SLE in an endemic area and confirm that features of disease activity and use of immunosuppressive therapy are the major risk factors. Renal involvement (as a cumulative criterion) is an independent risk factor for EPTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mohamed Sefow Al-arbi
- Department of Rheumatology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal and Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nombulelo P. Magula
- Division of Internal Medicine, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Girish M. Mody
- Department of Rheumatology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal and Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Girish M. Mody,
| |
Collapse
|