1
|
Liang L, Chai Y, Chai F, Liu H, Ma N, Zhang H, Zhang S, Nong L, Li T, Zhang B. Expression of SASP, DNA Damage Response, and Cell Proliferation Factors in Early Gastric Neoplastic Lesions: Correlations and Clinical Significance. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610401. [PMID: 36061145 PMCID: PMC9437220 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) pathway has recently been identified in the suppression and promotion of cancers. However, its practical role in carcinogenesis remains to be comprehensively elucidated. Here, we describe an investigation analysing SASP activity and its correlations with DNA damage response (DDR), genomic mutations, and cell proliferation in gastric carcinogenesis among 30 cases with available endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) specimens of early neoplastic lesions (including low-grade dysplasia [LGD], high-grade dysplasia [HGD], and intramucosal carcinoma). The positive cells of senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and cGAS, STING, interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) expression levels using immunostaining were elevated in HGD and in cancers. Similarly, increased expression of the Fanconi anemia group D2 (FANCD2) protein, tumour suppressor p53 binding protein 1 (TP53BP1), and replication protein A (RPA2) (i.e., primary DDR factors) was detected in HGD and in cancers; these increased expression levels were closely correlated with high expression of Ki67 and minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) proteins. Moreover, genomic mutations in TP53 gene were detected in 56.67% of the evaluated cases (17/30) using next-generation sequencing, and positive staining was verified in HGD and in cancers. Statistical analysis revealed that cell proliferation closely correlated with the expression of DDR factors, of which TP53BP1 was positively associated with SASP factors and IRF3 was positively correlated with cell proliferation. In addition, an analysis evaluating clinical features demonstrated that STAT6-positive cases showed a longer progression-free survival time than STAT6-negative cases. Our evaluation, conducted using a limited number of specimens, suggests SASP may be prevalent in early gastric neoplastic lesions and could be activated by accelerated cell proliferation-induced DDR. The clinical significance of SASP still needs to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Chai
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chai
- Department of Pathology, Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China
| | - Haijing Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Nong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wood AC, Zhang Y, Mo Q, Cen L, Fontaine J, Hoffe SE, Frakes J, Dineen SP, Pimiento JM, Walko CM, Mehta R. Evaluation of Tumor DNA Sequencing Results in Patients with Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma Stratified by TP53 Mutation Status. Oncologist 2022; 27:307-313. [PMID: 35380714 PMCID: PMC8982441 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas (GEJ) are molecularly diverse. TP53 is the most frequently altered gene with approximately 50% of patients harboring mutations. This qualitative study describes the distinct genomic alterations in GCs and GEJs stratified by TP53 mutation status.
Patients and Methods
Tumor DNA sequencing results of 324 genes from 3741 patients with GC and GEJ were obtained from Foundation Medicine. Association between gene mutation frequency and TP53 mutation status was examined using Fisher’s exact test. Functional gene groupings representing molecular pathways suggested to be differentially mutated in TP53 wild-type (TP53WT) and TP53 mutant (TP53MUT) tumors were identified. The association of the frequency of tumors containing a gene mutation in the molecular pathways of interest and TP53 mutation status was assessed using Fisher’s exact test with a P-value of <.01 deemed statistically significant for all analyses.
Results
TP53 mutations were noted in 61.6% of 2946 GCs and 81.4% of 795 GEJs (P < .001). Forty-nine genes had statistically different mutation frequencies in TP53WT vs. TP53MUT patients. TP53WT tumors more likely had mutations related to DNA mismatch repair, homologous recombination repair, DNA and histone methylation, Wnt/B-catenin, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and chromatin remodeling complexes. TP53MUT tumors more likely had mutations related to fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, other receptor tyrosine kinases, and cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinases.
Conclusion
The mutational profiles of GCs and GEJs varied according to TP53 mutation status. These mutational differences can be used when designing future studies assessing the predictive ability of TP53 mutation status when targeting differentially affected molecular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Wood
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ling Cen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jacques Fontaine
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah E Hoffe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jessica Frakes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sean P Dineen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jose M Pimiento
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Christine M Walko
- Department of Individualized Cancer Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rutika Mehta
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim HJ, Kim N, Yoon H, Choi YJ, Lee JY, Kwon YH, Yoon K, Jo HJ, Shin CM, Park YS, Park DJ, Kim HH, Lee HS, Lee DH. Comparison between Resectable Helicobacter pylori-Negative and -Positive Gastric Cancers. Gut Liver 2016; 10:212-9. [PMID: 26087794 PMCID: PMC4780450 DOI: 10.5009/gnl14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Controversy exists regarding the characteristics of Helicobacter pylori infection-negative gastric cancer (HPIN-GC). The aim of this study was to evaluate clinicopathologic features of HPIN-GC compared to H. pylori infection-positive gastric cancer (HPIP-GC) using a comprehensive analysis that included genetic and environmental factors. METHODS H. pylori infection status of 705 resectable gastric cancer patients was determined by the rapid urease test, testing for anti-H. pylori antibodies, histologic analysis and culture of gastric cancer tissue samples, and history of H. pylori eradication. HPIN-GC was defined as gastric cancer that was negative for H. pylori infection based on all five methods and that had no evidence of atrophy in histology or serology. RESULTS The prevalence of HPIN-GC was 4% (28/705). No significant differences with respect to age, sex, smoking, drinking, family history of gastric cancer or obesity were observed between the two groups. HPIN-GC tumors were marginally more likely to involve the cardia (14.3% for HPIN-GC vs 5.3% for HPIP-GC, p=0.068). The Lauren classification, histology, and TNM stage did not differ according to H. pylori infection status. Microsatellite instability was not different between the two groups, but p53 overexpression in HPIN-GC was marginally higher than in HPIP-GC (56.0% for HPIN-GC vs 37.0% for HPIP-GC, p=0.055). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HPIN-GC was extremely low, and its clinicopathologic characteristics were similar to HPIP-GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ju Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kichul Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyung Ho Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bennett C, Moayyedi P, Corley DA, DeCaestecker J, Falck-Ytter Y, Falk G, Vakil N, Sanders S, Vieth M, Inadomi J, Aldulaimi D, Ho KY, Odze R, Meltzer SJ, Quigley E, Gittens S, Watson P, Zaninotto G, Iyer PG, Alexandre L, Ang Y, Callaghan J, Harrison R, Singh R, Bhandari P, Bisschops R, Geramizadeh B, Kaye P, Krishnadath S, Fennerty MB, Manner H, Nason KS, Pech O, Konda V, Ragunath K, Rahman I, Romero Y, Sampliner R, Siersema PD, Tack J, Tham TCK, Trudgill N, Weinberg DS, Wang J, Wang K, Wong JYY, Attwood S, Malfertheiner P, MacDonald D, Barr H, Ferguson MK, Jankowski J. BOB CAT: A Large-Scale Review and Delphi Consensus for Management of Barrett's Esophagus With No Dysplasia, Indefinite for, or Low-Grade Dysplasia. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110:662-82; quiz 683. [PMID: 25869390 PMCID: PMC4436697 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2015.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a common premalignant lesion for which surveillance is recommended. This strategy is limited by considerable variations in clinical practice. We conducted an international, multidisciplinary, systematic search and evidence-based review of BE and provided consensus recommendations for clinical use in patients with nondysplastic, indefinite, and low-grade dysplasia (LGD). METHODS We defined the scope, proposed statements, and searched electronic databases, yielding 20,558 publications that were screened, selected online, and formed the evidence base. We used a Delphi consensus process, with an 80% agreement threshold, using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) to categorize the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. RESULTS In total, 80% of respondents agreed with 55 of 127 statements in the final voting rounds. Population endoscopic screening is not recommended and screening should target only very high-risk cases of males aged over 60 years with chronic uncontrolled reflux. A new international definition of BE was agreed upon. For any degree of dysplasia, at least two specialist gastrointestinal (GI) pathologists are required. Risk factors for cancer include male gender, length of BE, and central obesity. Endoscopic resection should be used for visible, nodular areas. Surveillance is not recommended for <5 years of life expectancy. Management strategies for indefinite dysplasia (IND) and LGD were identified, including a de-escalation strategy for lower-risk patients and escalation to intervention with follow-up for higher-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS In this uniquely large consensus process in gastroenterology, we made key clinical recommendations for the escalation/de-escalation of BE in clinical practice. We made strong recommendations for the prioritization of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Bennett
- Centre for Technology Enabled Health Research, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | | | - Yngve Falck-Ytter
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case and VA Medical Center Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gary Falk
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nimish Vakil
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - John Inadomi
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Khek-Yu Ho
- National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Odze
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Eamonn Quigley
- Weill Cornell Medical College and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Leo Alexandre
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Yeng Ang
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Callaghan
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Rajvinder Singh
- Lyell McEwin Hospital/University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Philip Kaye
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sheila Krishnadath
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Research Group, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hendrik Manner
- Department of Gastroenterology HSK Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Katie S Nason
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Oliver Pech
- Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brueder, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vani Konda
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Krish Ragunath
- Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan Tack
- University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Nigel Trudgill
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, West Bromwich, UK
| | | | - Jean Wang
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Jennie Y Y Wong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - David MacDonald
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hugh Barr
- Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK
| | | | - Janusz Jankowski
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire and University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li-Chang HH, Kasaian K, Ng Y, Lum A, Kong E, Lim H, Jones SJ, Huntsman DG, Schaeffer DF, Yip S. Retrospective review using targeted deep sequencing reveals mutational differences between gastroesophageal junction and gastric carcinomas. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:32. [PMID: 25656989 PMCID: PMC4322811 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenocarcinomas of both the gastroesophageal junction and stomach are molecularly complex, but differ with respect to epidemiology, etiology and survival. There are few data directly comparing the frequencies of single nucleotide mutations in cancer-related genes between the two sites. Sequencing of targeted gene panels may be useful in uncovering multiple genomic aberrations using a single test. METHODS DNA from 92 gastroesophageal junction and 75 gastric adenocarcinoma resection specimens was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Targeted deep sequencing of 46 cancer-related genes was performed through emulsion PCR followed by semiconductor-based sequencing. Gastroesophageal junction and gastric carcinomas were contrasted with respect to mutational profiles, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, as well as corresponding clinicopathologic data. RESULTS Gastroesophageal junction carcinomas were associated with younger age, more frequent intestinal-type histology, more frequent p53 overexpression, and worse disease-free survival on multivariable analysis. Among all cases, 145 mutations were detected in 31 genes. TP53 mutations were the most common abnormality detected, and were more common in gastroesophageal junction carcinomas (42% vs. 27%, p = 0.036). Mutations in the Wnt pathway components APC and CTNNB1 were more common among gastric carcinomas (16% vs. 3%, p = 0.006), and gastric carcinomas were more likely to have ≥3 driver mutations detected (11% vs. 2%, p = 0.044). Twenty percent of cases had potentially actionable mutations identified. R132H and R132C missense mutations in the IDH1 gene were observed, and are the first reported mutations of their kind in gastric carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Panel sequencing of routine pathology material can yield mutational information on several driver genes, including some for which targeted therapies are available. Differing rates of mutations and clinicopathologic differences support a distinction between adenocarcinomas that arise in the gastroesophageal junction and those that arise in the stomach proper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hector H Li-Chang
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, 855 12 Ave W, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1 M9, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Katayoon Kasaian
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Ying Ng
- Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Amy Lum
- Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Esther Kong
- Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Howard Lim
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Steven Jm Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - David G Huntsman
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, 855 12 Ave W, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1 M9, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
- Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - David F Schaeffer
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, 855 12 Ave W, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1 M9, Canada.
| | - Stephen Yip
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, 855 12 Ave W, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1 M9, Canada.
- Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Galandiuk S, Rodriguez-Justo M, Jeffery R, Nicholson AM, Cheng Y, Oukrif D, Elia G, Leedham SJ, Mcdonald SAC, Wright NA, Graham TA. Field cancerization in the intestinal epithelium of patients with Crohn's ileocolitis. Gastroenterology 2012; 142:855-864.e8. [PMID: 22178590 PMCID: PMC4446968 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tumors that develop in patients with Crohn's disease tend be multifocal, so field cancerization (the replacement of normal cells with nondysplastic but tumorigenic clones) might contribute to intestinal carcinogenesis. We investigated patterns of tumor development from pretumor intestinal cell clones. METHODS We performed genetic analyses of multiple areas of intestine from 10 patients with Crohn's disease and intestinal neoplasia. Two patients had multifocal neoplasia; longitudinal sections were collected from 3 patients. Individual crypts were microdissected and genotyped; clonal dependency analysis was used to determine the order and timing of mutations that led to tumor development. RESULTS The same mutations in KRAS, CDKN2A(p16), and TP53 that were observed in neoplasias were also present in nontumor, nondysplastic, and dysplastic epithelium. In 2 patients, carcinogenic mutations were detected in nontumor epithelium 4 years before tumors developed. The same mutation (TP53 p.R248W) was detected at multiple sites along the entire length of the colon from 1 patient; it was the apparent founder mutation for synchronous tumors and multiple dysplastic areas. Disruption of TP53, CDKN2A, and KRAS were all seen as possible initial events in tumorigenesis; the sequence of mutations (the tumor development pathway) differed among lesions. CONCLUSIONS Pretumor clones can grow extensively in the intestinal epithelium of patients with Crohn's disease. Segmental resections for neoplasia in patients with Crohn's disease might therefore leave residual pretumor disease, and dysplasia might be an unreliable biomarker for cancer risk. Characterization of the behavior of pretumor clones might be used to predict the development of intestinal neoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Galandiuk
- Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, England.
| | | | - Rosemary Jeffery
- Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, England
| | - Anna M. Nicholson
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, England
| | - Yong Cheng
- Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, England,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Dahmane Oukrif
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospital, London, England
| | - George Elia
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Institute of Cancer and CR-UK Clinical Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, England
| | - Simon J. Leedham
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, England
| | - Stuart A. C. Mcdonald
- Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, England,Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, England
| | - Nicholas A. Wright
- Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, England,Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, England
| | - Trevor A. Graham
- Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, England
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Lehrbach DM, Cecconello I, Ribeiro U, Capelozzi VL, Ab'saber AM, Alves VAF. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: relationship between clinicopathological data and p53, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 immunoexpressions. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2010; 46:315-20. [PMID: 20232013 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032009000400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma has an aggressive behavior, and TNM (UICC) staging is not always accurate enough to categorize patient's outcome. OBJECTIVES To evaluated p53, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 immunoexpressions in esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma patients, without Barrett's esophagus, and to compared to clinicopathological characteristics and survival rate. METHODS Tissue sections from 75 esophagogastric junction adenocarcinomas resected from 1991 to 2003 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for p53, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 using streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. The mean follow-up time was 60 months SD = 61.5 (varying from 4 to 273 months). RESULTS Fifty (66.7%) of the tumors were intestinal type and 25 (33.3%) were diffuse. Vascular, lymph node and perineural infiltration were verified in 16%, 80% and 68% of the patients, respectively. The patients were distributed according to the TNM staging in IA in 4 (5.3%), IB in 10 (13.3%), II in 15 (20%), IIA in 15 (20%), IIIB in 15 (20%) and IV in 16 (21.3%). Immunohistochemical analysis was positive for p53, cyclin D1 and bcl-2 in 68%, 18.7% and 100%, respectively. There was no association between immunoexpression and vascular and/or perineural invasions, clinicopathological characteristics and patients' survival rate. CONCLUSION In this selected population, there was no association between the immunomarkers, p53, cyclin D1 and bcl-2 and clinicopathological data and/or overall survival.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lehmann K, Schneider PM. Differences in the molecular biology of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, gastric cardia, and upper gastric third. Recent Results Cancer Res 2010; 182:65-72. [PMID: 20676871 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-70579-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus, gastric cardia, and upper gastric third are grouped in type I-III by the Siewert classification. This classification is based on the endoscopic localisation of the tumor center, and is the most important diagnostic tool to group these tumors. On a molecular level, there is currently no marker that would allow to differentiate the three different types. Furthermore, the Siewert classification was not uniformly used in the recent literature, making interpretation and generalization of these results difficult. However, several potential targets have been identified that may help to separate these tumors by molecular markers, and are summarized in this chapter.
Collapse
|
10
|
Park JC, Lee YC, Kim JH, Kim YJ, Lee SK, Shin SK, Hyung WJ, Noh SH, Kim CB. Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of proximal gastric carcinoma in a population with high Helicobacter pylori prevalence: a single-center, large-volume study in Korea. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 17:829-37. [PMID: 19882188 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of gastric cancers has fallen in recent decades. However, a substantial reduction in Helicobacter pylori prevalence and a substantial increase in the incidence of proximal gastric cancer (PGC) have been observed in the West and Japan, but not in other East Asian countries. The purpose of this large-volume study was to analyze prevalence, clinicopathological features, and prognosis of PGC compared with other types of gastric cancer in Korea, where there is high incidence of H. pylori infection. METHODS Between 2000 and 2005, a total of 3,193 patients were enrolled. We analyzed clinicopathological features and survival outcomes. RESULTS Chronological analysis showed increasing incidence of PGC over the study period. PGC patients were younger and had higher incidence of Bormann types III and IV than did distal gastric cancer (DGC) patients. Also, PGC was associated with a significantly higher proportion of poorly differentiated type, T3 and T4 stage, and positive lymph nodes compared with DGC. Peritoneal and other distant metastases were more common in PGC group than in DGC group. The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in PGC than in DGC group, regardless of curative resection. Also, the N0 and N1 category significantly influenced the 5-year survival rate. Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, hepatic metastasis, and curative resection were significant prognostic factors in PGC patients. CONCLUSIONS PGC has increased in incidence with the respective decline in H. pylori prevalence in Korea. Survival was worse for patients with PGC than for those with DGC, regardless of curative respectability. PGC is often diagnosed at more advanced stage than other gastric cancers, and therefore early detection is critical for successful treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Panani AD. Cytogenetic and molecular aspects of gastric cancer: clinical implications. Cancer Lett 2008; 266:99-115. [PMID: 18381231 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is of major importance world-wide being the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. According to Lauren's histological classification gastric cancer is divided in two groups, the better differentiated intestinal carcinomas and the poorly differentiated diffuse-type cancers. The genetic changes underlying the initiation and progression of gastric cancer are not well defined. Gastric carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving a number of genetic and epigenetic factors. Although it has been proposed that different genetic pathways exist for differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas, the two histological subtypes of gastric cancer share some common genetic alterations. Currently, tumor histology and pathologic stage are the major prognostic variables used in the clinical practice for gastric cancer patients. However, it is known that tumors with similar morphology may differ in biological aggressiveness, prognosis and response to treatment. Molecular genetic analysis of gastric cancer revealed a number of associations of certain genetic changes with pathological features, tumor biological behavior and prognosis of gastric cancer patients, suggesting that these genetic abnormalities might play an important role in gastric tumorigenesis. Increasing evidence suggests that the molecular genetic changes could be helpful in the clinical setting, contributing to prognosis and management of patients. Regarding epigenetic events in gastric tumorigenesis, a number of methylating markers have been proposed for risk assessment, prognostic evaluation and as therapeutic targets. However, further research is required in order to systematically investigate the genetic changes in gastric cancer estimating also their usefulness in the clinical practice. A good understanding of the genetic changes underlying gastric carcinogenesis may provide new perspectives for prognosis and screening of high risk individuals. Some of the genetic alterations could definitely improve tumor classification and management of gastric cancer patients. Also, based on molecular data identified in gastric cancer novel therapeutics might help to improve the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Panani
- Critical Care Department, Medical School of Athens University, Cytogenetics Unit, Evangelismos Hospital, Ipsilandou 45-47, Athens 10676, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pinto-de-Sousa J, Silva F, David L, Leitão D, Seixas M, Pimenta A, Cardoso-de-Oliveira M. Clinicopathological significance and survival influence of p53 protein expression in gastric carcinoma. Histopathology 2004; 44:323-31. [PMID: 15049897 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mutations in the gene coding for p53 protein are among the most frequent genetic alterations observed in human cancers. The relevance and biological significance of p53 expression in gastric carcinoma are far from being fully established. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of p53 detected by immunohistochemistry in the clinicopathological behaviour of a series of gastric carcinoma cases. METHODS AND RESULTS Samples from 163 patients treated by gastric resection for gastric carcinoma between 1988 and 1995 were used. Surgical specimens were evaluated for the presence of p53 protein detected by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody. Cases were classified as positive or negative for p53. Several clinicopathological parameters and c-erb B-2 expression were analysed in the same series and compared with the expression of p53. Cumulative survival was evaluated using univariate analysis and Cox model regression. p53 expression was identified in 41 carcinomas (25.2%) and was significantly associated with venous invasion (P = 0.049), lymph node metastases (P = 0.01) and c-erb B-2 expression (P = 0.003). All the parameters except gender, tumour size and Laurén's classification influenced survival on univariate analysis. p53 expression correlated with overall survival (P = 0.006) and survival in the subgroup of patients with intestinal type carcinoma (P = 0.04). In the subgroup of patients with carcinomas not expressing c-erb B-2, p53 expression significantly influenced cumulative survival (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS p53 expression is associated with the aggressive biological behaviour of gastric carcinomas and is related to cumulative survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Pinto-de-Sousa
- Surgery B, Hospital S. João and Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) and Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Su PC, Li ZY, Zhang LH, Wan WH, Ren H, Zhang GG, Wang Y, Deng GR, Ji JF. Detection of p53 gene mutation in plasma of patients with gastric cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-004-0023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
14
|
Driessen A, Van Raemdonck D, De Leyn P, Filez L, Peeters M, Winnepenninckx V, Penninckx F, Lerut T, Ectors N. Are carcinomas of the cardia oesophageal or gastric adenocarcinomas? Eur J Cancer 2004; 39:2487-94. [PMID: 14602134 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(03)00664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a clear relationship between Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma, and between Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer, but the histogenesis of cardiac adenocarcinomas is unknown. Some clues as to possible disease associations may be provided by the pattern of gastritis. In our study, we analysed gastritis associated with oesophageal, cardiac and gastric adenocarcinomas according to the Sydney classification. Chronic gastritis was more common in gastric (88%) than in cardiac (56%) and oesophageal adenocarcinomas (38%). H. pylori was significantly more prevalent in gastric (73%) than in cardiac (34%) or oesophageal (21%) adenocarcinomas. Our results show that factors other than H. pylori must be involved in the histogenesis of cardiac adenocarcinomas. As the pattern of gastritis and the clinical features of cardiac adenocarcinomas are more comparable to oesophageal carcinomas than gastric carcinomas, we speculate that most of these tumours share similar aetiological factors with oesophageal carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Driessen
- Department of Pathology, P. Debyelaan 25 Postbus 5800, AZ 6202 Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Buskens CJ, Sivula A, van Rees BP, Haglund C, Offerhaus GJA, van Lanschot JJB, Ristimäki A. Comparison of cyclooxygenase 2 expression in adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia and distal oesophagus. Gut 2003; 52:1678-83. [PMID: 14633942 PMCID: PMC1773905 DOI: 10.1136/gut.52.12.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2003] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia and distal oesophagus are at present often considered as one clinical entity because of their comparable increasing incidence, prognosis, and optimal treatment options. However, it is still a matter of debate whether these malignancies have the same pathogenesis and genotype. AIMS The aim of this study was to analyse expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in cardia carcinomas, and correlate this expression with clinicopathological parameters and survival. The results were compared with the prognostic value of COX-2 found for Barrett carcinomas. METHODS Tumour sections of 134 consecutive patients undergoing potentially curative surgery for an adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia and substantially invading the distal oesophagus were immunohistochemically stained using a COX-2 monoclonal antibody. Specimens were blindly scored based on intensity and extent of COX-2 immunopositivity. RESULTS COX-2 expression was negative to weak in 59% ("COX-2 low") and moderate to strong in 41% ("COX-2 high") of tumours. This was significantly lower than in Barrett carcinomas (p<0.0001). COX-2 expression was not correlated with any clinicopathological parameter. A correlation between elevated COX-2 expression and reduced survival, as described for Barrett carcinomas, was not identified for cardiac carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS There is a difference in COX-2 expression with respect to intensity and prognostic significance between adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia and distal oesophagus. This suggests a different pathogenesis and different genetic constitution of these two cancers. Based on these findings, the role of selective COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia is less promising than in Barrett carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Buskens
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fenoglio-Preiser CM, Wang J, Stemmermann GN, Noffsinger A. TP53 and gastric carcinoma: a review. Hum Mutat 2003; 21:258-70. [PMID: 12619111 DOI: 10.1002/humu.10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we survey the major p53 (TP53) alterations identified in gastric carcinomas and their precursors. These include p53 expression, mutations, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Not only are the various abnormalities summarized, but in addition there is a survey of the literature with respect to the impact of these changes on patient prognosis and treatment response. The majority of published studies involve the immunohistochemical detection of the protein. These use different antibodies, different detection techniques, and different methods of interpretation. Therefore not surprisingly, the results of many of the studies are contradictory with one another. Overall, however, it appears that p53 alterations occur early in the development of gastric carcinoma, being present even in the nonneoplastic mucosa and they increase in frequency as one progresses along the pathway of gastric carcinoma development. p53 immunoreactivity is seen in 17%-90.7% of invasive gastric carcinomas. p53 alterations occur much more commonly in proximal lesions than in distal ones, suggesting that the molecular events leading to the development of gastric carcinoma may be very different in proximal vs. distal tumors. p53 mutations occur in 0%-77% of gastric carcinomas. The mutations are distributed widely across the gene from exons 4-11 with hot spots of mutation at codons 175, 248, 273, 282, 245, and 213. G:C>A:T transitions at CpG sites are the commonest type of mutation. At least 60% of carcinomas with mutations also exhibit p53 LOH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Fenoglio-Preiser
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0529, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Taniere P, Borghi-Scoazec G, Saurin JC, Lombard-Bohas C, Boulez J, Berger F, Hainaut P, Scoazec JY. Cytokeratin expression in adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction: a comparative study of adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus and of the proximal stomach. Am J Surg Pathol 2002; 26:1213-21. [PMID: 12218578 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200209000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction form a heterogeneous group of tumors. We aimed to evaluate the value of the expression pattern of cytokeratins 7, 19, and 20 for their diagnosis and classification. A total of 85 cases of adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and 67 cases of adenocarcinoma of the proximal stomach, defined on strict topographical criteria, were investigated. About 90% of the adenocarcinomas of distal esophagus were positive for cytokeratins 7 and 19, in contrast to <45% of the adenocarcinomas of proximal stomach (p <0.01); 17.6% of the adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus and 55.2% of the adenocarcinomas of the proximal stomach expressed cytokeratin 20 (p <0.01); and 74.1% of the adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus and 23.8% of the adenocarcinomas of the proximal stomach had a CK7+/CK20- immunophenotype (p <0.01). In intestinal-type tumors a CK7+/CK20- immunophenotype had a sensitivity of 76.5%, a specificity of 84.5%, and a predictive positive value of 87.3% for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus. Cytokeratin patterns are different in adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus and in adenocarcinomas of the proximal stomach. A CK7+/CK20- pattern is highly suggestive of an esophageal origin and may be helpful for the correct classification of esophagogastric adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Taniere
- Service Central d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Unité d'Oncologie Médicale, Hôspital Eduard Herriot, Lion, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Monges G. Adénocarcinomes du bas œsophage. Adénocarcinomes du cardia. Cancer Radiother 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1278-3218(01)80011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
19
|
Zheng YL, Herr AM, Jacobson BA, Ferrin LJ. High-density allelotype of the commonly studied gastric cancer cell lines. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 32:67-81. [PMID: 11477663 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of death from cancer throughout the world, and studies to elucidate the genetic defects found in this type of cancer are growing in number. Increasingly sophisticated techniques and the sequencing of the human genome have had an impact on the scope of such studies. While the use of tumor specimens remains popular, more emphasis is being placed on cell lines as model systems where specific data can be directly combined with results from other studies. This article describes a genetic survey of the most widely used gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines. The allelotype at 351 polymorphic loci in 14 cell lines was obtained, and the results from the 4,900 polymerase chain reactions are displayed. In addition to confirming loss of heterozygosity on chromosome arms 6p, 7q, 17p, and 18, additional deletions on arm 5p and the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 1 and 10 were detected. Areas that might contain homozygous deletions or amplifications also were mapped. The rate of microsatellite instability was quantified and shown to vary greatly among the different cell lines. Most important, this study serves as a genetic scaffold for the integration of past and future studies on the nature of the genetic defects in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y L Zheng
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Tanière P, Martel-Planche G, Maurici D, Lombard-Bohas C, Scoazec JY, Montesano R, Berger F, Hainaut P. Molecular and clinical differences between adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and of the gastric cardia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2001; 158:33-40. [PMID: 11141476 PMCID: PMC1850280 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (ADCE) with Barrett's mucosa and adenocarcinoma of the cardia (ADCC) are often reported as a single pathological entity. In this study we have used strict anatomical-pathological criteria to distinguish between these two lesions and we have investigated their differences in TP53 mutations, MDM2 gene amplification, and cytokeratin expression. DNA was extracted from the tumor areas of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections in 26 ADCC and 28 ADCE patients. TP53 mutations were detected by temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis and identified by sequencing. MDM2 amplification was assessed by differential polymerase chain reaction. The expression of cytokeratins 4, 7, and 13 was examined by immunohistochemistry. In ADCC, the male to female ratio was 1.8:1, compared to 27:1 in ADCE. Five ADCC patients had a history of other neoplasms, compared to only one ADCE patient. The two types of tumor differed in the prevalence of TP53 mutations (31% in ADCC and 50% in ADCE) and of MDM2 gene amplification (19% in ADCC and 4% in ADCE), and in the pattern of expression of cytokeratin 7 (positive in 100% of ADCE and in 41% of ADCC) and cytokeratin 13 (positive in 81% of ADCE and in 36.5% of ADCC). ADCE and ADCC differ in their clinical characteristics, in the prevalence of TP53 mutations and MDM2 amplifications, and in the patterns of cytokeratin expression. These results support the notion that ADCC and ADCE are distinct pathological entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Tanière
- International Agency for Research on Cancer. the Fédération des Spécialités Digestives and the Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|