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Gas flow-assisted headspace-single drop microextraction to determine benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene in aqueous samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Saraei M, Golshan M, Aminian O, Eftekhari S. Association between solvent exposure and depression among industrial workers. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Umicevic N, Kotur-Stevuljevic J, Paleksic V, Djukic-Cosic D, Miljakovic EA, Djordjevic AB, Curcic M, Bulat Z, Antonijevic B. Liver function alterations among workers in the shoe industry due to combined low-level exposure to organic solvents. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:1907-1914. [PMID: 33715556 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1894703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxic, and hematotoxic effects of simultaneous occupational low-level exposure of shoe workers to a mixture of organic solvents. The study included 16 male and 55 female workers and non-exposed subjects (n = 60) in the control group. Along with a standard sets of hematological, liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), bilirubin total, bilirubin direct, blood glucose, urea, and creatinine were analyzed in all participants. Indoor air quality was monitored using a Gasmet Dx - 4000 multi-component analyzer. Despite the concentration levels of individual chemicals in shoe production units were below the permissible limits, the equivalent exposure (Em) values calculated based on the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) occupational exposure limits were higher than 1. Statistically significant increase of biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin) was obtained in exposed workers of both genders compared with controls (p < 0.001). Calculated liver damage risk scores were significantly higher in both females and males compared with controls (p < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that direct bilirubin was the most important predictor of organic solvent mixture exposure in the studied group of workers. These results suggest that combined exposure to organic solvents even at low concentrations may lead to hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Umicevic
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Vesna Paleksic
- Institute of Occupational and Sports Health in Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Danijela Djukic-Cosic
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijevic Miljakovic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Marijana Curcic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
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Shuai J, Kim S, Ryu H, Park J, Lee CK, Kim GB, Ultra VU, Yang W. Health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds exposure near Daegu dyeing industrial complex in South Korea. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:528. [PMID: 29678134 PMCID: PMC5910572 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying human health in areas with industrial contamination is a serious and complex issue. In recent years, attention has increasingly focused on the health implications of large industrial complexes. A variety of potential toxic chemicals have been produced during manufacturing processes and activities in industrial complexes in South Korea. A large number of dyeing industries gathered together in Daegu dyeing industrial complex. The residents near the industrial complex could be often exposed to volatile organic compounds. This study aimed to evaluate VOCs levels in the ambient air of DDIC, to assess the impact on human health risks, and to find more convincing evidences to prove these VOCs emitted from DDIC. METHODS According to deterministic risk assessment, inhalation was the most important route. Residential indoor, outdoor and personal exposure air VOCs were measured by passive samplers in exposed area and controlled area in different seasons. Satisfaction with ambient environments and self-reported diseases were also obtained by questionnaire survey. The VOCs concentrations in exposed area and controlled area was compared by t-test. The relationships among every VOC were tested by correlation. The values of hazard quotient (HQ) and life cancer risk were estimated. RESULTS The concentrations of measured VOCs were presented, moreover, the variety of concentrations according the distances from the residential settings to the industrial complex site in exposed area. The residential indoor, outdoor, and personal exposure concentrations of toluene, DMF and chloroform in exposed area were significantly higher than the corresponding concentrations in controlled area both in summer and autumn. Toluene, DMF, chloroform and MEK had significantly positive correlations with each other in indoor and outdoor, and even in personal exposure. The HQ for DMF exceeded 1, and the life cancer risk of chloroform was greater than 10- 4 in exposed area. The prevalence of respiratory diseases, anaphylactic diseases and cardiovascular diseases in exposed area were significantly higher than in controlled area. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that adverse cancer and non-cancer health effects may occur by VOCs emitted from DDIC, and some risk managements are needed. Moreover, this study provides a convenient preliminarily method for pollutants source characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Shuai
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Public Health, Daegu Catholic University, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 712-702, South Korea.,College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Sunshin Kim
- Environmental Health Center for Hazardous Gas Exposure, Gumi Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Gumi, Korea
| | - Hyeonsu Ryu
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Public Health, Daegu Catholic University, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 712-702, South Korea
| | - Jinhyeon Park
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Public Health, Daegu Catholic University, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 712-702, South Korea
| | - Chae Kwan Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea
| | - Geun-Bae Kim
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seo-gu, South Korea
| | - Venecio U Ultra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Wonho Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Public Health, Daegu Catholic University, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 712-702, South Korea.
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Richtwerte für Dimethylbenzole in der Innenraumluft. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2015; 58:1378-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-015-2252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Doganlar O, Doganlar ZB, Tabakcioglu K. Effects of permissible maximum-contamination levels of VOC mixture in water on total DNA, antioxidant gene expression, and sequences of ribosomal DNA of Drosophila melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:15610-15620. [PMID: 26018283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of a volatile organic compound (VOC) mixture with references to the response of D.melanogaster using selected antioxidant gene expressions, RAPD assay and base-pair change of ribosomal 18S, and the internal transcribed spacer, ITS2 rDNA gene sequences. For this purpose, Drosophila melanogaster Oregon R, reared under controlled conditions on artificial diets, were treated with the mixture of thirteen VOCs, which are commonly found in water in concentrations of 10, 20, 50, and 75 ppb for 1 and 5 days. In the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay, band changes were clearly detected, especially at the 50 and 75 ppb exposure levels, for both treatment periods, and the band profiles exhibited clear differences between the treated and untreated flies with changes in band intensity and the loss/appearance of bands. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-synthetase (GS) expressions demonstrated that these markers responded significantly to VOC-induced oxidative stress. Whilst CAT gene expressions increased linearly with increasing concentrations of VOCs and treatment times, the 50- and 75-ppb treatments caused decreases in GS expressions compared to the control at 5 days. Treatment with VOCs at both exposure times, especially in high doses, caused gene mutation of the 18S and the ITS2 ribosomal DNA. According to this research, we thought that the permissible maximum-contamination level of VOCs can cause genotoxic effect especially when mixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguzhan Doganlar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Banu Doganlar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Kiymet Tabakcioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Neuropsychological Symptoms among Workers Exposed to Toluene and Xylene in Two Paint Manufacturing Factories in Eastern Thailand. Adv Prev Med 2015; 2015:183728. [PMID: 26290757 PMCID: PMC4531158 DOI: 10.1155/2015/183728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study analyzed the exposure factors that may lead to neuropsychological symptoms among 92 workers who were exposed to xylene and toluene and 100 workers who were not exposed to the solvents. The airborne concentration of xylene and toluene was evaluated with personal passive badges. The levels of methyl hippuric acid and hippuric acid in urine were assessed, and interviews were performed to observe the neuropsychological symptoms that may result from exposure to the solvents. The result showed that the average concentration for the exposed group of xylene in the paint company working environment was 2.7 (SD = 2.4) ppm and the average concentration of toluene was 9.5 (SD = 10.4) ppm. The average level of methyl hippuric acid in urine was 78 (SD = 74.7) mg/g creatinine. Factors that affected the neuropsychological symptoms included the following. (1) The impact of age: the risk (adjusted odds ratio) for getting psychosomatic symptoms in persons over 40 and exposed to xylene was 9.5 and the aOR of those exposed to toluene was 8.3. (2) The impact of not providing personal protective equipment was found to be sleep disturbance; it was found that the aOR of those exposed to xylene was 3.9, and the aOR of those exposed to toluene was 4.4. In summary, periodic examination of workers by occupational physician is needed for detection of early neuropsychological effects, especially psychosomatic symptoms, and sleep disturbances.
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Saha A, Tripathi SR. A study on neurobehavioral performance of workers occupationally exposed to solvent in synthetic resin manufacturing. Toxicol Int 2015; 21:264-8. [PMID: 25948964 PMCID: PMC4413408 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.155346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One major effect of occupational solvent exposure is central nervous system (CNS) impairment, ranging from depression to encephalopathy with cognitive, behavioral changes. Exposures in industries being varied, classification of health outcomes for different exposures is important. Objectives: This study assessed neurobehavioral performance of synthetic resin manufacturing workers exposed to organic solvent, mainly formalin. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study selected subjects by random selection from all such workers of an Indian city. Questionnaire survey and assessment by a neurobehavioral test battery (NBT) was undertaken. Results: Comparison between actual and allied workers observed significant difference in tweezer dexterity, card sorting and backward memory scores. Significant effect of exposure was observed on tweezer dexterity, card sorting, and hand dynamometer scores. Conclusion: Changes of neurobehavioral performance might occur following solvent exposure and these changes might have a relationship with the quantum of exposure. Periodic examination of workers with NBT is needed for detection of early neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Saha
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Eastern), Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S R Tripathi
- Department of Psychology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Inoue O, Seiji K, Kudo S, Jin C, Cai SX, Liu SJ, Watanabe T, Nakatsuka H, Ikeeda M. A Sensitive HPLC Method for Determination of Mandelic Acid in Urine, and Its Application to Biological Monitoring of Ethylbenzene-exposed Chinese Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/oeh.1995.1.3.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Singh MP, Ram KR, Mishra M, Shrivastava M, Saxena DK, Chowdhuri DK. Effects of co-exposure of benzene, toluene and xylene to Drosophila melanogaster: alteration in hsp70, hsp60, hsp83, hsp26, ROS generation and oxidative stress markers. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 79:577-587. [PMID: 20188393 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Benzene, toluene and xylene are monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, used both as individual compound and as mixtures, in industry as well as household. Previous studies involving exposures to these compounds, individually, have shown that benzene was more toxic compared to toluene or xylene. Here, we tested a working hypothesis that toluene and/or xylene in a mixture containing benzene affect benzene induced toxicity in a non-target organism, Drosophila melanogaster. We exposed D. melanogaster larvae transgenic for hsp70, hsp83 or hsp26 and wild type (Oregon R strain) larvae to 25.0-100.0mM benzene, 25.0-100.0mM toluene and 25.0-100mM xylene, individually or in mixtures. Subsequently, we examined the expression of stress genes (encoding heat shock proteins, hsps), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induction of anti-oxidant stress markers and emergence of flies under treatment as well as control conditions. We observed that all these endpoints were significantly altered in all the treatment groups compared to their respective controls. However, the magnitude of toxicity of a benzene-toluene (BT) or benzene-xylene (BX) or benzene-toluene-xylene (BTX) mixture was significantly lower in the organism than that of individual chemical. Our results also show the modulation of toluene toxicity by xylene. Present study suggests antagonistic effect of xylene and toluene on benzene toxicity and additive/synergistic effect of xylene on toluene induced toxicity. Thus, expression of stress genes may be used as an assay for detection of early cellular toxicity. Further, our study supports the use of Drosophila as an alternative animal model for first tier screening of adverse effects of chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Pratap Singh
- Embryotoxicology Section, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
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Rapid HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Eight Urinary Metabolites of Toluene, Xylene and Styrene. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.9.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Viaene M, Vermeir G, Godderis L. Sleep disturbances and occupational exposure to solvents. Sleep Med Rev 2009; 13:235-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Evaluación del daño en el ADN y vigilancia biológica de la exposición laboral a solventes orgánicos, 2006. BIOMEDICA 2008. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v28i1.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ohashi Y, Mamiya T, Mitani K, Wang B, Takigawa T, Kira S, Kataoka H. Simultaneous determination of urinary hippuric acid, o-, m- and p-methylhippuric acids, mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid for biomonitoring of volatile organic compounds by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yu ITS, Lee NL, Zhang XH, Chen WQ, Lam YT, Wong TW. Occupational exposure to mixtures of organic solvents increases the risk of neurological symptoms among printing workers in Hong Kong. J Occup Environ Med 2004; 46:323-30. [PMID: 15076649 DOI: 10.1097/01.jom.0000121367.69269.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Summarize the nature and extent of exposure to organic solvents to which printing workers in this study were subjected. Compare the numbers of neurological symptoms in exposed and non-exposed workers and how they related to level of exposure, as defined by specific job title or by air sampling. Clarify the relationship between exposure to organic solvents and individual psychoneurological and other symptoms. ABSTRACT The health effects of low-dose occupational exposure to organic solvents remains unclear. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 762 male printing workers to assess the impacts of exposure to mixtures of n-hexane, toluene, isopropyl alcohol, and benzene on neurological and other symptoms. After controlling for age, smoking, alcohol drinking, past exposure history, working hours and shift work, current exposure to solvent mixtures was significantly associated with the total number of neurological symptoms and with the prevalence of specific symptoms of the nervous system and mucous membrane irritation. The adjusted odds ratio of neurovegetative lability (1.7-5.9), abnormal or reduced smell (1.6-4.1), memory loss (1.8), and mucous membrane irritation symptoms (1.5-4.6) significantly increased in the exposed group, especially when the summation index of exposure exceeded one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatius Tak-Sun Yu
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Chouanière D, Wild P, Fontana JM, Héry M, Fournier M, Baudin V, Subra I, Rousselle D, Toamain JP, Saurin S, Ardiot MR. Neurobehavioral disturbances arising from occupational toluene exposure. Am J Ind Med 2002; 41:77-88. [PMID: 11813212 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.10030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotoxicity of long-term exposure to toluene is known at higher levels than 50 ppm and is suspected at lower levels. METHODS A cross-sectional study carried out in two printing plants on 129 blue collar workers explored such a low level exposure of toluene. With 231 samples of ambient air, toluene concentration was estimated from 0 to 18 ppm in Plant A (offset) and from 2 to 27 ppm in Plant B (heliogravure). Outside any period of acute exposure, the workers answered a self-administered questionnaire on neurotoxic symptoms, EUROQUEST, and performed six psychometric tests on a computer-assisted version of battery NES. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, we found significant relationships only between present exposure and Digit Span Forwards (DSF) performance (decrement is 1 digit for 40 ppm, P=0.04) and Digit Span Backwards (DSB) performance (decrement is 1 digit for 25 ppm, P=0.01). Neurotoxic symptoms were not significantly correlated with current exposure. No association was found between estimated cumulative exposure and either psychometric performances or neurotoxic symptoms. CONCLUSION In this study, low present exposure levels to toluene were associated with decrements of memory test performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Chouanière
- Department of Epidemiology, French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases, Vandoeuvre, Cedex, France.
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Inoue O, Seiji K, Takahashi M, Kudo K, Nakatsuka H, Watanabe T, Uchida Y, Ikeda M. Subtle increase in leukocyte counts in association with drinking and smoking habits. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1995; 66:383-8. [PMID: 7782121 DOI: 10.1007/bf00383144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral leukocyte counts were examined in venous blood of more than 800 male workers exposed to toluene, xylenes, a combination of the two, or neither. Information on the social habits of smoking and drinking was obtained in an occupational health interview. The analysis showed that smoking (15 cigarettes/day on average) induced a significant increase (by 7%) in leukocyte counts, and that an additional increase was induced when the drinking habit was coupled with smoking. Drinking alone tended to increase the leukocyte counts but the effect was statistically nonsignificant, possibly because the number of nondrinking smokers was limited. The study stresses the importance of paying attention to smoking and drinking habits when evaluating hematological parameters such as peripheral leukocyte counts in solvent-exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Inoue
- Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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Inoue O, Seiji K, Kudo S, Jin C, Cai SX, Liu SJ, Watanabe T, Nakatsuka H, Ikeda M. Urinary Phenylglyoxylic Acid Excretion after Exposure to Ethylbenzene among Solvent-exposed Chinese Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1995; 1:1-8. [PMID: 9990150 DOI: 10.1179/oeh.1995.1.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Factory surveys were conducted in the second half of work weeks on 360 solvent workers (202 men and 158 women) and 281 controls in China. Monitoring personal exposures showed that ethylbenzene exposure was low (geometric mean 1.8 ppm) and was accompanied by coexposure to toluene (1.5 ppm) and three xylene isomers (6.7 ppm). Urine samples collected at the end of the eight-hour shift were analyzed for phenylglyoxylic and mandelic acids by high-pressure liquid chromatography at 257 nm. Despite the low level of the exposures, a significant correlation was observed between ethylbenzene exposure and urinary phenylglyoxylic acid, with high (0.6-0.7) correlation coefficients, suggesting that urinary phenylglyoxylic acid is a good marker of occupational exposure to ethylbenzene. Mandelic acid also correlated with ethylbenzene exposure, but with much smaller coefficients (0.2), possibly because the method employed was more sensitive to phenylglyoxylic acid than to mandelic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Inoue
- Department of Public Health, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto 606-01, Japan
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Abstract
Health hazards related to activities performed in pathology departments have represented, in recent years, an increasing concern among pathologists and pathology technicians. The major occupational health problems encountered in pathology departments are reviewed. They include biological hazards (tuberculosis, hepatitis, HIV, other infectious diseases), chemical hazards (formaldehyde, xylene(s), aromatic amines, methacrylates, glutaraldehyde, latex) and physical hazards (cut injuries, accidental fires, radiation). Current data suggest that infections (particularly, tuberculosis and hepatitis) still represent the more relevant risk. Exposure to HIV and Creutzfeldt-Jakob agent may be highly harmful but containment measures have been proven to be effective. The actual adverse effects due to chemicals seem to be less alarming than was previously believed. Attaining a safe work environment is an inherent element of good quality assurance management. This task is largely a matter of information, education, organization and common sense. Well-designed premises, efficient equipment and well-trained personnel are the keys to preventing and minimizing hazardous exposures. In order to provide current information that may be used by pathology staff to implement the functional quality of the workplace, organizational and preventive measures are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Andrion
- Division of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, City Hospital, Asti, Italy
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