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Tao XG, Curriero FC, Mahesh M. Low Dose Radiation and Solid Tumors Mortality Risk. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:e230-e237. [PMID: 38527177 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000003099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND US nuclear capable shipyard workers have increased potential for occupational radiation exposure. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to examine solid tumor mortality risks at low doses. METHOD 437,937 workers working from 1957 to 2004 at eight US shipyards were studied. RESULTS Radiation workers with a median life-time dose at 0.82 mSv had a significantly lower solid tumor mortality risk (relative risk [RR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94-0.98) than nonradiation workers. Among 153,930 radiation workers, the RRs of solid tumors increased with increasing dose categories without statistical significance. The dose category >0-<25 mSv had significantly lower RR (0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99) versus 0 dose and the excess relative risk was 0.05/100 mSv (95% CI: 0.01-0.08). CONCLUSIONS Solid tumor risk might increase with radiation dose, but not linearly at low doses. Actual mortality risk may be dependent on dose received.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Grant Tao
- From the Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (T.G.X.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (F.C.C.), and the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science and Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.M.)
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Barrera LM, Ortiz LD, Grisales HDJ, Camargo M. Survival analysis and associated factors of highgrade glioma patients. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2024; 44:191-206. [PMID: 39088535 PMCID: PMC11374120 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Introduction High-grade gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults, and they usually have a quick fatal course. Average survival is 18 months, mainly, because of tumor resistance to Stupp protocol. Objective To determine high-grade glioma patient survival and the effect of persuasion variables on survival. Materials and methods We conducted a longitudinal descriptive study in which 80 untreated recently diagnosed high-grade glioma patients participated. A survey was conducted regarding their exposure to some risk factors, degree of genetic instability in peripheral blood using micronucleus quantification on binuclear lymphocytes, micronuclei in reticulocytes and sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes. In the statistical analysis, this study constructed life tables, used the Kaplan-Meier, and the log-rank test, and in the multivariate analysis, a Cox proportional hazards model was constructed. Results Eighty patients' clinical, demographic and lifestyle characteristics were analyzed, as well as their survival rates and the average survival time is 784 days (interquartile range: 928). Factors like age, exposure at work to polycyclic hydrocarbons and the number of sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes in the first sampling was significantly survivalrelated in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion We determined that only three of the analyzed variables have an important effect on survival time when it comes to high-grade glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Marcela Barrera
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, Escuela Ciencias de la Vida, Programa de Medicina, Universidad EIA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Leon Darío Ortiz
- Instituto de Cancerología, Clínica Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Hugo de Jesús Grisales
- Grupo de Investigación Demografía y Salud, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Turner MC, Cogliano V, Guyton K, Madia F, Straif K, Ward EM, Schubauer-Berigan MK. Research Recommendations for Selected IARC-Classified Agents: Impact and Lessons Learned. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:105001. [PMID: 37902675 PMCID: PMC10615125 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs program assembles expert working groups who publish a critical review and evaluation of data on agents of interest. These comprehensive reviews provide a unique opportunity to identify research needs to address classification uncertainties. A multidisciplinary expert review and workshop held in 2009 identified research gaps and needs for 20 priority occupational chemicals, metals, dusts, and physical agents, with the goal of stimulating advances in epidemiological studies of cancer and carcinogen mechanisms. Overarching issues were also described. OBJECTIVES In this commentary we review the current status of the evidence for the 20 priority agents identified in 2009. We examine whether identified Research Recommendations for each agent were addressed and their potential impact on resolving classification uncertainties. METHODS We reviewed the IARC classifications of each of the 20 priority agents and identified major new epidemiological and human mechanistic studies published since the last evaluation. Information sources were either the published Monograph for agents that have been reevaluated or, for agents not yet reevaluated, Advisory Group reports and literature searches. Findings are described in view of recent methodological developments in Monographs evidence evaluation processes. DISCUSSION The majority of the 20 priority agents were reevaluated by IARC since 2009. The overall carcinogen classifications of 9 agents advanced, and new cancer sites with either "sufficient" or "limited" evidence of carcinogenicity were also identified for 9 agents. Examination of published findings revealed whether evidence gaps and Research Recommendations have been addressed and highlighted remaining uncertainties. During the past decade, new research addressed a range of the 2009 recommendations and supported updated classifications for priority agents. This supports future efforts to systematically apply findings of Monograph reviews to identify research gaps and priorities relevant to evaluation criteria established in the updated IARC Monograph Preamble. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincent Cogliano
- California Environmental Protection Agency Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Kathryn Guyton
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Federica Madia
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Kurt Straif
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Boston College, Massachusetts, USA
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Lin D, Wang M, Chen Y, Gong J, Chen L, Shi X, Lan F, Chen Z, Xiong T, Sun H, Wan S. Trends in Intracranial Glioma Incidence and Mortality in the United States, 1975-2018. Front Oncol 2021; 11:748061. [PMID: 34790574 PMCID: PMC8591029 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.748061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioma incidence in the US seems to have stabilized over the past 20 years. It’s also not clear whether changes in glioblastoma incidence are associated with glioma mortality trends. Our study investigated trends in glioma incidence and mortality according to tumor characteristics. Methods This study obtained data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-9 (SEER-9) registries to calculate glioma incidence and mortality trends. Annual percent changes (APC) and 95% CIs were calculated using the Joinpoint program. Results 62,159 patients (34,996 males and 55,424 whites) were diagnosed with glioma during 1975-2018, and 31,922 deaths occurred from 1995-2018. Glioblastoma (32,893 cases) and non-glioblastoma astrocytoma (17,406 cases) were the most common histologic types. During the study period, the incidence of glioma first experienced a significant increase (APC=1.8%, [95% CI, 1.3% to 2.3%]) from 1975 to 1987, and then experienced a slight decrease (APC=-0.4%, [95% CI, -0.5% to -0.3%]) from 1987 to 2018, while the APC was 0.8% for glioblastoma, -2.0% for non-glioblastoma astrocytoma, 1.1% for oligodendroglial tumors, 0.7% for ependymoma and -0.3% for glioma NOS during the study period. Glioblastoma incidence increased for all tumor size and tumor extension except for distant. From 1995 to 2018, glioma mortality declined 0.4% per year (95% CI: -0.6% to -0.2%) but only increased in patients older than 80 years [APC=1.0%, (95% CI, 0.4% to 1.6%)]. Conclusion Significant decline in glioma incidence (1987-2018) and mortality (1995-2018) were observed. Epidemiological changes in non-glioblastoma astrocytoma contributed the most to overall trends in glioma incidence and mortality. These findings can improve understanding of risk factors and guide the focus of glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lin
- Brain Center, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Brain Center, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Brain Center, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Gong
- Brain Center, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Brain Center, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Shi
- Brain Center, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fujun Lan
- Brain Center, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongliang Chen
- Brain Center, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- Brain Center, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hu Sun
- Brain Center, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Wan
- Brain Center, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Raghavapudi H, Singroul P, Kohila V. Brain Tumor Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Radiotherapy Treatment. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 17:931-942. [PMID: 33573575 DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666210126160206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The strategy used for the treatment of given brain cancer is critical in determining the post effects and survival. An oncological diagnosis of tumor evaluates a range of parameters such as shape, size, volume, location and neurological complexity that define the symptomatic severity. The evaluation determines a suitable treatment approach chosen from a range of options such as surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy and other targeted therapies. Often, a combination of such therapies is applied to achieve superior results. Radiotherapy serves as a better treatment strategy because of a higher survival rate. It offers the flexibility of synergy with other treatment strategies and fewer side effects on organs at risk. This review presents a radiobiological perspective in the treatment of brain tumor. The cause, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, post-treatment effects and the framework involved in its elimination are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haarika Raghavapudi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal -506004, Telangana, India
| | - Pankaj Singroul
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal -506004, Telangana, India
| | - V Kohila
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal -506004, Telangana, India
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Eslahi M, Dana PM, Asemi Z, Hallajzadeh J, Mansournia MA, Yousefi B. The effects of chitosan-based materials on glioma: Recent advances in its applications for diagnosis and treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:124-129. [PMID: 33275978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is known as the most common primary brain tumor occurring in adolescents and is considered as a lethal disease worldwide. Despite the advancements in presently available therapeutic approaches (i.e. radiation therapy and chemotherapy), the rate of amelioration in glioma patients is still low. In this regard, it seems that there is a need for reconsidering and enhancing current therapies and/or discovering novel therapeutic platforms. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide with several beneficial characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. Without causing toxic effects on healthy cells, chitosan nanoparticles are attractive targets in cancer therapy which lead to the sustained release and enhanced internalization of chemotherapeutic drugs as well as higher cytotoxicity for cancer cells. Hence, these properties turn it into a suitable candidate for the treatment of various cancers, including glioma. In the viewpoint of glioma, cancer inhibition is possible through targeting glioma-associated signaling pathways and molecules such as MMP-9, VEGF, TRAIL and nuclear factor-κB by chitosan and its derivatives. Moreover, it has been acknowledged that chitosan and its derivatives can be applied as a delivery system for carrying a diverse range of therapeutic agents to the tumor site. Besides the anti-glioma effects of chitosan and its derivatives, these molecules can be utilized for culturing glioma cancer cells; providing a better understanding of glioma pathogenesis. Furthermore, it is documented that 3D chitosan scaffolds are potential targets that offer advantageous drug screening platforms. Herein, we summarized the anti-glioma effects of chitosan and also its utilization as drug delivery systems in the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Eslahi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran and Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
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Sritharan J, Luo Y, Harris MA. Trends in participation rates in case–control studies of occupational risk factors 1991–2017. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:659-665. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveDeclining participation has been observed in previous epidemiological studies, could occupational risk factor epidemiology be particularly vulnerable to this trend? The objective of this study was to assess trends of participation rates in occupational case-control studies.MethodsFive prominent occupational and epidemiological journals were pre-selected and all articles published between 1991 and 2017 were screened for case-control studies of occupational risk factors for chronic disease outcomes. The primary independent variable was median year of data collection, while the primary outcome variable was reported participation rate. We conducted linear regression, adjusting for study characteristics that included study gender mix, location of recruitment, disease outcome, and data collection method.ResultsA total of 180 studies published in the five journals were included in the final analysis. The mean participation was higher for cases (78.9%) than for controls (71.5%). In linear regression, a significant trend of decreasing participation was observed for both cases with a percent change of −0.50 per year (95% CI −0.75 to −0.25) for cases and a percent change of −0.95 per year (95% CI −1.23 to −0.67) for controls. After adjustment for study gender mix, location, disease outcome, and data collection method, the trend remained statistically significant for both case and control groups.ConclusionDeclining participation rates in case-control studies of occupational risk factors may reflect an overall decline of participation in population-based samples. Lower participation rates introduce the potential for bias and may deter future population-based studies of occupational risk factors.
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Rodrigues EG, Herrick RF, Stewart J, Palacios H, Laden F, Clark W, Delzell E. Case-control study of brain and other central nervous system cancer among workers at semiconductor and storage device manufacturing facilities. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:238-248. [PMID: 32019845 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the relationship between brain and other central nervous system cancer ('CNS cancer') and exposures at two semiconductor and electronic module manufacturing facilities and at a storage device manufacturing facility. METHODS The case-control study, nested in a cohort of 126 836 employees, compared 120 CNS cancer cases and 1028 matched controls with respect to employment in 10 process groups and estimated cumulative exposure to 31 known or possible carcinogens. RESULTS CNS cancer was associated with module manufacturing operations at two facilities. Module manufacturing is a process that begins with production of ceramic substrates followed by attachment of completed semiconductor chips and metal-containing circuitry resulting in a high performing electronic device. Positive associations with the highest tertile of estimated cumulative exposure were found for several chemicals, including 2-butoxyethanol, cyclohexanone, ortho-dichlorobenzene, cadmium, molybdenum, trichloroethylene and vinyl chloride. CONCLUSIONS Results suggested positive associations between CNS cancer and specific operations and chemicals experienced in the semiconductor and electronic module manufacturing industry. However, lack of external support for these findings precludes a causal interpretation, and the observed associations may have been due to chance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema G Rodrigues
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert F Herrick
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Stewart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helena Palacios
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Clark
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Delzell
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Makris KC, Voniatis M. Brain cancer cluster investigation around a factory emitting dichloromethane. Eur J Public Health 2018; 28:338-343. [PMID: 29036600 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The health risks associated with dichloromethane (DCM) for the general population living near industrial activities have not yet been quantified, primarily due to lack of epidemiological datasets. In the absence of such human data, we undertook a cancer cluster investigation in Cyprus around a historically using DCM plant producing shoe soles that were globally exported. We designed the methodology to investigate the possible existence of a cancer cluster in the area around the factory (point zero) and within a radius of 500 meters. Methods A retrospective comparative population study was designed using a group of cancer patients living or working in the chosen geographical area around the factory. Results Mean stack emissions of DCM of 88 mg/Nm3 and flow rates of 850 g/h exceeded the permissible DCM limits established for industrial zones. Brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancer incidence rates showed significant (P < 0.001) increase in the study area around the plant when compared with those observed in other areas of Cyprus. Calculated standardized incidence ratios for brain/CNS after adjusting for the age at diagnosis ranged from 11.3-25.7 [mean 6.5 (3.02 : 12.3)] for the study area. Conclusions We showed the association between chronic, unintentional DCM exposures and brain/CNS cancer cases for the general population located in a residential area being in close proximity with a plant historically emitting DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos C Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Michael Voniatis
- Ministry of Labour, Welfare and Social Insurance, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Fate of Chloromethanes in the Atmospheric Environment: Implications for Human Health, Ozone Formation and Depletion, and Global Warming Impacts. TOXICS 2017; 5:toxics5040023. [PMID: 29051455 PMCID: PMC5750551 DOI: 10.3390/toxics5040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the halogenated hydrocarbons, chloromethanes (i.e., methyl chloride, CH₃Cl; methylene chloride, CH₂Cl₂; chloroform, CHCl₃; and carbon tetrachloride, CCl₄) play a vital role due to their extensive uses as solvents and chemical intermediates. This article aims to review their main chemical/physical properties and commercial/industrial uses, as well as the environment and health hazards posed by them and their toxic decomposition products. The environmental properties (including atmospheric lifetime, radiative efficiency, ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, photochemical ozone creation potential, and surface mixing ratio) of these chlorinated methanes are also reviewed. In addition, this paper further discusses their atmospheric fates and human health implications because they are apt to reside in the lower atmosphere when released into the environment. According to the atmospheric degradation mechanism, their toxic degradation products in the troposphere include hydrogen chloride (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), chlorine (Cl₂), formyl chloride (HCOCl), carbonyl chloride (COCl₂), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Among them, COCl₂ (also called phosgene) is a powerful irritating gas, which is easily hydrolyzed or thermally decomposed to form hydrogen chloride.
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Benke G, Turner MC, Fleming S, Figuerola J, Kincl L, Richardson L, Blettner M, Hours M, Krewski D, McLean D, Parent ME, Sadetzki S, Schlaefer K, Schlehofer B, Siemiatycki J, van Tongeren M, Cardis E. Occupational solvent exposure and risk of glioma in the INTEROCC study. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1246-1254. [PMID: 28910824 PMCID: PMC5674105 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aetiology of glioma remains largely unknown. Occupational solvent exposure has been suggested as a putative cause of glioma, but past studies have been inconsistent. We examined the association between a range of solvents and glioma risk within the INTEROCC project, a study of brain tumours and occupational exposures based on data from seven national case–control studies conducted in the framework of the INTERPHONE study. We also investigated associations according to tumour grade. Methods: Data from the seven countries were standardised and then combined into one aggregate data set. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for adjusted models that included sex, age, country–region of residence and level of educational attainment. Exposures to any solvent or 11 specific solvents or subgroups were assessed using a modified version of the FINJEM job exposure matrix (JEM) specifically developed for the study, called INTEROCC-JEM. Results: Analysis included 2000 glioma cases and 5565 controls. For glioma and ever/never exposure to any solvent, the OR was 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.74–1.11). All ORs were <1.0 for specific solvents/subgroups. There were no increases in risk according to high or low grade of tumour. Conclusions: The results of this study show no consistent associations for any solvent exposures overall or by grade of tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geza Benke
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 028020, Spain.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sarah Fleming
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Cancer &Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LN, UK
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 028020, Spain
| | - Laurel Kincl
- Environmental and Occupational Health program in the College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lesley Richardson
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal H2X OA9, Canada
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Martine Hours
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique Transport Travail Environnement Université Lyon 1/IFSTTAR, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69675, France
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Disease Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - David McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Marie-Elise Parent
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- The Cancer &Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52620, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Klaus Schlaefer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Jack Siemiatycki
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal H2X OA9, Canada
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 028020, Spain
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Dopart PJ, Friesen MC. New Opportunities in Exposure Assessment of Occupational Epidemiology: Use of Measurements to Aid Exposure Reconstruction in Population-Based Studies. Curr Environ Health Rep 2017; 4:355-363. [PMID: 28695485 PMCID: PMC5693667 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-017-0153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exposure assessment efforts in population-based studies are increasingly incorporating measurements. The published literature was reviewed to identify the measurement sources and the approaches used to incorporate measurements into these efforts. RECENT FINDINGS The variety of occupations and industries in these studies made collecting participant-specific measurements impractical. Thus, the starting point was often the compilation of large databases of measurements from inspections, published literature, and other exposure surveys. These measurements usually represented multiple occupations, industries, and worksites, and spanned multiple decades. Measurements were used both qualitatively and quantitatively, dependent on the coverage and quality of the data. Increasingly, statistical models were used to derive job-, industry-, time period-, and other determinant-specific exposure concentrations. Quantitative measurement-based approaches are increasingly replacing expert judgment, which facilitates the development of quantitative exposure-response associations. Evaluations of potential biases in these measurement sources, and their representativeness of typical exposure situations, warrant additional examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Dopart
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Melissa C Friesen
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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Koh DH, Nam JM, Graubard BI, Chen YC, Locke SJ, Friesen MC. Evaluating temporal trends from occupational lead exposure data reported in the published literature using meta-regression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 58:1111-25. [PMID: 25193938 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/meu061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The published literature provides useful exposure measurements that can aid retrospective exposure assessment efforts, but the analysis of this data is challenging as it is usually reported as means, ranges, and measures of variability. We used mixed-effects meta-analysis regression models, which are commonly used to summarize health risks from multiple studies, to predict temporal trends of blood and air lead concentrations in multiple US industries from the published data while accounting for within- and between-study variability in exposure. METHODS We extracted the geometric mean (GM), geometric standard deviation (GSD), and number of measurements from journal articles reporting blood and personal air measurements from US worksites. When not reported, we derived the GM and GSD from other summary measures. Only industries with measurements in ≥2 time points and spanning ≥10 years were included in our analyses. Meta-regression models were developed separately for each industry and sample type. Each model used the log-transformed GM as the dependent variable and calendar year as the independent variable. It also incorporated a random intercept that weighted each study by a combination of the between- and within-study variances. The within-study variances were calculated as the squared log-transformed GSD divided by the number of measurements. Maximum likelihood estimation was used to obtain the regression parameters and between-study variances. RESULTS The blood measurement models predicted statistically significant declining trends of 2-11% per year in 8 of the 13 industries. The air measurement models predicted a statistically significant declining trend (3% per year) in only one of the seven industries; an increasing trend (7% per year) was also observed for one industry. Of the five industries that met our inclusion criteria for both air and blood, the exposure declines per year tended to be slightly greater based on blood measurements than on air measurements. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis provides a useful tool for synthesizing occupational exposure data to examine exposure trends that can aid future retrospective exposure assessment. Data remained too sparse to account for other exposure predictors, such as job category or sampling strategy, but this limitation may be overcome by using additional data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Koh
- 1.Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA 3.National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Nam
- 1.Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barry I Graubard
- 1.Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- 2.National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11503, Taiwan
| | - Sarah J Locke
- 1.Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melissa C Friesen
- 1.Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Charbotel B, Fervers B, Droz J. Occupational exposures in rare cancers: A critical review of the literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 90:99-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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McLean D, Fleming S, Turner MC, Kincl L, Richardson L, Benke G, Schlehofer B, Schlaefer K, Parent ME, Hours M, Krewski D, van Tongeren M, Sadetzki S, Siemiatycki J, Cardis E. Occupational solvent exposure and risk of meningioma: results from the INTEROCC multicentre case-control study. Occup Environ Med 2014; 71:253-8. [PMID: 24474387 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between occupational exposure to selected organic solvents and meningioma. METHODOLOGY A multicentre case-control study conducted in seven countries, including 1906 cases and 5565 controls. Occupational exposure to selected classes of organic solvents (aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons and 'other' organic solvents) or seven specific solvents (benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethylene, methylene chloride and gasoline) was assessed using lifetime occupational histories and a modified version of the FINJEM job-exposure matrix (INTEROCC-JEM). Study participants were classified as 'exposed' when they had worked in an occupation for at least 1 year, with a 5-year lag, in which the estimated prevalence of exposure was 25% or greater in the INTEROCC-JEM. Associations between meningioma and each of the solvent exposures were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 6.5% of study participants were ever exposed to 'any' solvent, with a somewhat greater proportion of controls (7%) ever exposed compared with cases (5%), but only one case was ever exposed to any chlorinated hydrocarbon (1,1,1-trichloroethane). No association was observed between any of the organic solvents and meningioma, in either men or women, and no dose-response relationships were observed in internal analyses using either exposure duration or cumulative exposure. DISCUSSION We found no evidence that occupational exposure to these organic solvents is associated with meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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Occupational exposure to methylene chloride and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:2037-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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