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Coates A, Cline TW, Foreman SE. Examining the Impact of Organizational Support on the Secondary Traumatic Stress of Mental Health Professionals Exposed to Workplace Violence. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39365981 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2024.2397539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Mental health professionals are at a heightened risk of secondary traumatic stress (STS) due to the higher prevalence of trauma-exposed individuals seeking clinical help compared to the general population. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to explore the association between exposure to workplace violence (WPV) and secondary traumatic stress, and the potential mitigating effects of organizational support and (2) to examine how the workplace setting (inpatient vs outpatient) affects the experience of STS. The study was cross-sectional. Over 58 days, survey data was collected from mental health professionals working in both inpatient and outpatient settings. A total of 2,549 professionals responded. The overall prevalence of STS across settings was 87%. The highest reported secondary traumatic stress levels were among nurse practitioners/APRNs (49.29%), followed by nurses (47.94%) and psychiatrists (46.85%). Levels of STS occurred at slightly higher levels among professionals in outpatient settings (48.39%) than those in inpatient settings (45.11%). Increased exposure to WPV correlated with higher levels of STS, while higher levels of perceived organizational support (POS) had a moderating effect on STS levels. This study suggests that STS is a significant phenomenon and that mental health professionals are at risk for developing the condition. Organizational support can play a role in mitigating the effects of WPV and STS. Interventions aimed at improving organizational support and building psychological resilience may help reduce the prevalence of STS among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas W Cline
- Business & Statistics, Saint Vincent College, Latrobe, PA, USA
| | - Stephen E Foreman
- Economics & Health Care Administration, Robert Morris University, Moon Township, PA, USA
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2
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Kamau-Mitchell C, Bin Waleed K, Gallagher MM. Global meta-analysis of physicians' experiences of workplace sexual harassment by patients. Intern Med J 2024; 54:1760-1764. [PMID: 39245447 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization recognises that sexual harassment is an occupational hazard in medicine, but the prevalence of sexual harassment by patients is unknown. This global meta-analysis found that a pooled prevalence of 45.13% of 18 803 physicians from several specialities (e.g. internal medicine and surgery) have ever experienced it. Hospitals should implement protective measures such as panic alarms for night shifts and isolated wards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid Bin Waleed
- Birkbeck Business School, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, St. George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark M Gallagher
- Department of Cardiology, St. George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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David E, Lifshitz M, Kraitenbrg K, Warshawski S. The Relationship Between Individual Social Responsibility and the Public's Intention to Act Violently Toward Nurses-A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39334538 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To explore (a) the associations between individual social responsibility and the public intention to use violence against nurses; and (b) the relationship between individual social responsibility, personal variables and the public's intention to employ violence against nurses. BACKGROUND Workplace violence against nurses is a significant widespread occupational health issue. To date, no reference has been found to the association between personality traits such as individual social responsibility and the public's intention to use violence against nurses. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey design with a convenience sample of 667 Israeli participants from among the public. A structured self-report questionnaire was distributed, including socioeconomic variables, individual social responsibility and responses to four vignettes describing incidents of violence directed at nurses. Multiple linear regressions were calculated for intention to employ violence, with demographic variables and individual social responsibility as independent variables. The STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies was used for reporting. RESULTS Negative correlations were found between individual social responsibility and the intention to employ violence against nurses. Gender, having witnessed physical violence and individual social responsibility explained 19% of the variance in the intention to employ violence against nurses. Demographic variables and having witnessed verbal or physical violence were found to moderate the association between individual social responsibility and the intention to employ violence against nurses. CONCLUSIONS Witnessing a violent incident in a healthcare setting is a risk factor for the intention to employ violence against nurses. Our findings point to the role of individual social responsibility as one of the strategies to help reduce violent events. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE Educating and promoting values of social responsibility among the public can reduce incidents of violence in healthcare settings, thus contributing to the safety and quality of care provided. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The public contributed via study participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat David
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mor Lifshitz
- The Raphael Cohen Pediatric Emergency Department, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Kim Kraitenbrg
- Surgical Trauma Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center-Ichilov Hospital, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Sigalit Warshawski
- Nursing Department, The Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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Sela Y, Grinberg K, Halevi Hochwald I. Exploring client violence during home visits: a qualitative study of perceptions and experiences of Israeli nurses. Isr J Health Policy Res 2024; 13:53. [PMID: 39334503 PMCID: PMC11429182 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-024-00640-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home care provides an excellent opportunity for personalizing treatment as nurses see patients in their natural environment. Along with its many advantages, the home care environment carries unique risks, as nurses are usually alone, without the protection and security provided by primary care clinics. There are no accurate data in Israel on the scope and characteristics of client violence against nurses during home visits. We conducted a qualitative study to investigate the nature of client violence faced by Israeli nurses during home visits, to gain insights into their perceptions and experiences, and to contribute to the development of effective policies and strategies to combat client violence in the healthcare sector. METHODS Twenty-seven female nurses from primary care clinics, who were exposed to client violence during a home visit, were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed, and categories and themes were extracted. RESULTS Most nurses interviewed experienced at least three incidents of client violence, the most common of which was verbal abuse. The nurses perceived that the location of the encounter between the nurse and the patient in the patient's natural surroundings, rather than within the controlled boundaries of a clinic, contributes to the risk of violence. Violence affected the nurses' professional decisions. The nurses reported that their organization had no established guidelines or instructions for safely conducting home visits, they were not provided with protective or security measures for emergencies, nor did they perceive that they had sufficient training to deal with client violence in clients' homes. CONCLUSIONS Nurses encounter a range of challenges that make it difficult for them to deal with client violence during home visits, affecting their personal safety and professional decisions. Their ability to manage such situations is shaped by a complex interplay of personal and organizational factors and requires a range of strategies and resources to effectively address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Sela
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Community Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center , Emeq Hefer, Israel.
- Community Nurse, Maccabi Healthcare Services, HaSharon District, Israel.
| | - Keren Grinberg
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Community Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center , Emeq Hefer, Israel
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Podlogar MC, Carolina HS, Lauver M, Selig MK, Hughes GJ. Addressing the Complex Needs of Customers Who Contact the Veterans Crisis Line. CRISIS 2024. [PMID: 39252532 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Since its creation in 2007, the Veterans Crisis Line (VCL) has provided 24/7, confidential crisis support services for Veterans, Service Members, and their families, supporting the VA's highest clinical priority of suicide prevention. As part of this effort, VCL created the Customers with Complex Needs (CWCN) program to manage the individual needs and operational impact of VCL customers who call at a high frequency, are abusive toward hotline staff, exhibit sexually inappropriate behavior, and/or make threats of violence. This paper describes the VCL CWCN program and customer characteristics. Call data from 2012 to 2022, including operational data for 1,096 CWCN customers identified from October 2017 to December 2020, were used for analysis. At the cohort's peak size in 2020, calls from CWCN customers accounted for 0.4% of all distinct phone numbers received by VCL and for 22.1% of total VCL call volume. Implementation of the CWCN program was associated with significant annual reductions in average individual call volume among high frequency callers. However, no change in call volume was observed among nonhigh frequency callers. Formative challenges and future directions for the CWCN program and implications for other crisis lines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Podlogar
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Crisis Line, Office of Suicide Prevention, VA Central Office, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Honor S Carolina
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Crisis Line, Office of Suicide Prevention, VA Central Office, Washington, DC, USA
| | - MaryGrace Lauver
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Crisis Line, Office of Suicide Prevention, VA Central Office, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Morgan K Selig
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Crisis Line, Office of Suicide Prevention, VA Central Office, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gregory J Hughes
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Crisis Line, Office of Suicide Prevention, VA Central Office, Washington, DC, USA
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He W, Denman L, Luder M, Stedman T. Response to workplace aggression in forensic and secure mental health services: Investigating staff confidence, associated factors, and training needs. Australas Psychiatry 2024:10398562241282874. [PMID: 39252423 DOI: 10.1177/10398562241282874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate forensic and secure mental health services (FSMHS) staff's confidence in managing workplace aggression, identify associated factors, and explore their workplace aggression prevention training needs. METHODS Through an online survey, staff rated their experience of workplace aggression, perceived effectiveness of current training, and confidence in responding to workplace aggression, and described training needs. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify associated factors with statistical significance. Thematic analysis was used to generate themes describing their training needs. RESULTS The staff perceived current training as low-to-medium in effectiveness, mirroring their confidence in managing workplace aggression. Nurses experienced more workplace aggression compared to other professions. Staff working at High Security perceived current training as less effective compared to those working at Medium Security or Low Security. Qualitative findings underscored the necessity for improved training content, methods, and supportive strategies. CONCLUSION Recommendations for enhancing training include: tailoring training to FSMHS settings; equally focussing on both non-physical and physical intervention techniques; providing more scenario-based hands-on practice opportunities; delivering training in a reasonable trainer-trainee ratio; prioritising nurses and High Security staff and integrating other professions into the training framework; and implementing strategies that support staff, consumers, and environment to ensure training effectiveness and applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Mental Health and Specialised Services, West Moreton Health, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lara Denman
- Department of Mental Health and Specialised Services, West Moreton Health, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Luder
- Department of Mental Health and Specialised Services, West Moreton Health, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Terry Stedman
- Department of Mental Health and Specialised Services, West Moreton Health, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Chipps E, Weaver SH, Wood T, Sinnott LT, McCarthy K. The Impact of Patient Assaults and Aggressive Behaviors on Nursing Personnel's Stress, Well-being, and Intention to Leave Post-COVID-19 Pandemic. J Nurs Adm 2024; 54:479-487. [PMID: 39166810 DOI: 10.1097/nna.0000000000001464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM To describe and compare the prevalence of assaults and aggressive patient behavior among frontline staff in behavioral health (BH), medical-surgical (MS), and emergency department (ED) settings and examine the impact on staff health, work stress, work engagement, and intent to leave their position. BACKGROUND Patient verbal and physical assaults have significant staff consequences, including decreased work productivity, increased burnout, job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, turnover, and intentions to leave. METHODS Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, data were collected from a sample of 432 frontline staff working in ED, BH, and MS settings across 3 healthcare systems. RESULTS The majority of frontline staff (74%) reported experiencing verbal aggression often/frequently, significantly impacting their mental health, work engagement, stress levels, and intent to leave. All 3 specialty groups reported a significant increase in verbal/psychological assaults and physical assaults since the pandemic's onset. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on assaultive/aggressive behaviors. Nurse leaders must strategize on methods to decrease the normalization of violence against healthcare workers and support research aimed at evidence-based interventions to reduce such incidences of violence and ensure the well-being of healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Chipps
- Author Affiliations: Clinical Professor of Nursing, Clinical Nurse Scientist (Dr Chipps), The Ohio State University College of Nursing, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Nurse Scientist (Dr Weaver), Hackensack Meridian Health Ann May Center for Nursing, Neptune, and NJ Collaborating Center for Nursing, Newark, New Jersey; Program Manager, Nursing Research (Dr Wood), OhioHealth; and Research Consulting Statistician (Dr Sinnott), The Ohio State University, College of Optometry, Columbus; and Clinical Nurse Specialist (McCarthy), Hackensack Meridian Health Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, New Jersey
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Mohammadpour Y, Parizad N, Habibzadeh H, Moradi Y, Baghaei R. "We just ignored them." Adaptation strategies used by emergency department personnel in the face of workplace violence: A qualitative study. Int Emerg Nurs 2024; 76:101507. [PMID: 39208695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2024.101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) can have adverse psychological, physical, and emotional effects on emergency department (ED) personnel. Adaptive strategies can help them better adapt to WPV. The study aimed to explore ED personnel's experiences with adaptive strategies used in the face of WPV. METHODS In this qualitative study, 22 ED personnel (nurses, doctors, services patient care assistants, and security guards) were selected using purposive sampling from Urmia city hospitals. Deep semi-structured individual face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. After recording and implementing interviews, conventional content analysis was used to extract concepts. RESULTS Data analysis led to extracting an overarching theme of "mastering the situation and avoiding harm." Two categories that supported the main theme were: "effort to avoid violence" and "effort to escape suffering." The seven subcategories supported main categories included "managing patients and companions, "self-control," "seeking support, "emotional discharge," "thought diversion, "tendency to spirituality," and "seeking medical assistance." CONCLUSION Given the experiences of ED personnel regarding strategies used, health managers and policymakers are recommended to develop and implement comprehensive programs to reduce violence and empower nurses before and after dealing with violence. The following programs will help: developing and implementing guidelines such as zero-tolerance WPV policy, criminalizing violence against personnel and punishing perpetrators; holding classes related to communication skills, self-control skills, and deviant thinking skills for ED personnel; raising public awareness of the prevailing conditions in the emergency through mass media, and counseling and treating violent ED personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Mohammadpour
- Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Nursing & Midwifery School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Naser Parizad
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hossein Habibzadeh
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nursing & Midwifery School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yaser Moradi
- Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Nursing & Midwifery School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rahim Baghaei
- Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Nursing & Midwifery School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Whalen M, Bradley M, Hanson GC, Maliszewski B, Pandian V. Exploring perceptions of reporting violence against healthcare workers in the emergency department: A qualitative study. Int Emerg Nurs 2024; 76:101500. [PMID: 39126883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2024.101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against healthcare workers is a pervasive, yet in many cases, under-reported problem. This is due to various factors, including lack of time, support and a universal understanding of what constitutes a reportable event. This study explored facilitators and barriers to reporting workplace violence among emergency department nurses. METHODS In this descriptive, qualitative study, researchers conducted open-ended interviews with emergency nurses considered to be "high-" and "non-reporters" of violent events and analyzed for themes. RESULTS Participants cited consistent factors associated with less reporting, factors associated with more reporting and effectiveness of existing safety measures. CONCLUSIONS To encourage the reporting of violent events, frequently cited barriers and facilitators should be addressed. Strategies such as integrating reporting mechanisms into the health record, creating nuanced definitions of reportable events, and consistent education with positive feedback can promote reporting by staff. These efforts should be combined with prevention strategies to ensure we are collecting correct data about the success or failure of these programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Whalen
- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St., Baltimore MD 21287, USA.
| | - Maia Bradley
- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St., Baltimore MD 21287, USA.
| | - Ginger C Hanson
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | | | - Vinciya Pandian
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Yücel Özden KB, Sarıca Çevik H, Asenova R, Ungan M. Guardians of health under fire: Understanding and combating violence against doctors. Aten Primaria 2024; 56:102944. [PMID: 38678853 PMCID: PMC11066614 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2024.102944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Violence against physicians is not a newly emerged but an increasingly serious problem. Various studies have reported a prevalence of up to 90%. If not prevented, it not only causes physical and mental harm to physicians who are dedicated to serving humanity but also affects the entire healthcare system and, consequently, the whole community with its direct and indirect effects. Some interventions have a positive outcome when effectively managed. However, for these interventions to be permanent and effective, they need to be multidisciplinary, legally backed and adopted as public policy. In this article, the prevalence of violence against physicians in the literature, its causes, practices worldwide, and suggestions for solving this problem are compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hüsna Sarıca Çevik
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Radost Asenova
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Department of Urology and General Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mehmet Ungan
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Amara SS, R Hansen B. Reducing Violence by Patients against Healthcare Workers at Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitals: An Integrative Review. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39208405 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2024.2386419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Violence by patients against healthcare workers is of global concern among both producers and consumers of health care. The US is among the countries with the highest reports of workplace violence, and the majority of the violent incidents occur in healthcare settings. The purpose of this integrative review is to identify, analyze and appraise the best interventions for reducing violence by patients against healthcare workers in adult acute psychiatric hospitals. Additionally, findings from the review inform our recommendations designed to contribute to violence reduction in these settings. We explored the PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases and launched an integrative review using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model as a framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Fifteen records were included in this review using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four themes were identified from the review as providing evidence-based interventions to reduce and mitigate violence against healthcare providers in acute psychiatric hospitals. These were staff attributes, patient characteristics, environmental factors, and staff-patient relationships. These factors interact in a dynamic and complex manner in optimizing the nurse-patient relationship to decrease violence by patients against healthcare workers in inpatient psychiatric settings. The implications of this review are that a multifactorial approach is needed in devising effective strategies to reduce violence in psychiatric settings. The strategies should involve all stakeholders including providers, administrators, and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakpa S Amara
- Division of Nursing, Allied Health, Life & Physical Sciences, University of District of Columbia Community College, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bryan R Hansen
- Center for Equity in Aging, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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12
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Ajuwa MEPE, Veyrier CA, Cousin Cabrolier L, Chassany O, Marcellin F, Yaya I, Duracinsky M. Workplace violence against female healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079396. [PMID: 39209501 PMCID: PMC11369783 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) is highly prevalent in the health sector and remains a major occupational issue causing significant harm, ranging from bodily and psychological harm to death. Female healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of WPV. OBJECTIVES Identify risk factors of WPV among different professional categories of female HCWs. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science, along with their references lists January 2010 and March 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA English language observational studies focusing on WPV among HCWs evaluating the risk factors, impacts and consequences of WPV in female HCWs. METHOD Risk of bias was assessed for all studies by Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists. We estimated the pooled prevalence of WPV and the associated 95% CI using a random-effects meta-analysis model. We then described the associated factors and effects of WPV. RESULTS 28 reviewed studies (24 quantitative, 4 qualitative and 1 mixed-method) from 20 countries were selected. From the available results of 16 studies, the pooled prevalence of WPV was estimated at 45.0% (95% CI 32% to 58%). Types of violence included verbal abuse, verbal threats, physical assaults, sexual harassment, mobbing, bullying and discrimination. Perpetrators were patients, patients' relatives, colleagues and supervisors. Nurses were the most studied HCWs category. WPV was found to affect both mental and physical health. Age, marital status, lower occupational position, substance abuse, shorter work experience and low support at work were the main socio-demographic and organisational factors associated with higher risk of WPV. CONCLUSION WPV prevalence is high among female HCWs, warranting a multilevel intervention approach to address and mitigate its impact. This approach should include targeted policies and individual-level strategies to create a safer work environment and prevent adverse effects on both HCWs and the broader healthcare system. Further research is needed to better document WPV in categories of HCWs other than nurses. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022329574.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clair-Antoine Veyrier
- URC ECO, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ECEVE UMR 1123, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Lorraine Cousin Cabrolier
- URC ECO, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ECEVE UMR 1123, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Chassany
- URC ECO, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ECEVE UMR 1123, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Issifou Yaya
- URC ECO, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ECEVE UMR 1123, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Martin Duracinsky
- URC ECO, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ECEVE UMR 1123, INSERM, Paris, France
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Masadeh A, Al-Rimawi R, Salem A, Masa'deh R. Jordanian nursing students' experience of harassment in clinical care settings. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:587. [PMID: 39183279 PMCID: PMC11346050 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nursing students experienced various types of bullying and abuse in their practice areas. This study aims to assess the incidence, nature, and types of bullying and harassment experienced by Jordanian nursing students in clinical areas. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used, utilizing a self-report questionnaire. A convenient sampling technique was used to approach nursing students who are in their 3rd or 4th year in governmental and private universities. RESULTS Of 162 (70%) students who reported harassment, more than 80% of them were females and single. Almost 40% of them reported that males were the gender of the perpetrator. Almost 26.5% of them reported that patient's relatives or friends were the sources of harassment. Psychological/verbal harassment was the most reported type of harassment (79%). Findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference in psychological/verbal harassment based on gender and type of the university. Also, there were significant negative correlations between psychological/verbal harassment, professional achievement, and personal life. CONCLUSION Harassment in the clinical area is affecting the professional and personal lives of students, who lack the knowledge of policy to report this harassment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Masadeh
- School of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, 11937, Jordan
| | - Rula Al-Rimawi
- Nursing College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
| | - Aziza Salem
- Nursing Department, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Masa'deh
- School of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, 11937, Jordan.
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Magnavita N, Meraglia I. Poor Work Ability Is Associated with Workplace Violence in Nurses: A Two-Wave Panel Data Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1118. [PMID: 39338001 PMCID: PMC11431590 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21091118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Healthcare personnel must deal with two problems of growing importance: violence in the workplace and the loss of work ability due to the aging of the workforce. Our objective was to evaluate, with a two-wave perspective design, the relationships of work ability, social support, and occupational stress with workplace violence in nurses. In an Italian public health company, we asked nurses to self-assess their work ability using the Work Ability Index (WAI) and we analyzed the relationship between this indicator and the violence experienced in the previous and following years. A total of 321 out of 344 nurses (99.3%) participated. In a logistic regression model, the WAI score was a significant protective factor for violence experienced in the previous year (OR = 0.94 CI95% = 0.90; 0.98 p < 0.01) and in the following year (OR = 0.88 CI95% = 0.84; 0.92 p < 0.01). In a hierarchical logistic regression model, social support acted as a protective factor (OR = 0.87 CI95% = 0.79; 0.95 for violence experienced in the previous year), while occupational stress was a significant determinant of the risk of aggression (OR = 3.65 CI95% = 1.90; 7.03 in the previous year, OR = 3.54 CI95% = 1.801; 6.947 in the following year). The difficulties that nurses encounter in carrying out their growing work demands in an environment that is not promptly adapted to their changing physical and mental states can lead to an increased risk of violence. Prevention of workplace violence should include organizational and ergonomic measures that reduce stress and increase staff support and work ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- School of Occupational Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
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15
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Taherzadeh Chenani K, Jahangiri M, Madadizadeh F, Sadat Anoosheh V. Factors associated with occurrence of workplace violence against healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39154295 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2381981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Objectives. Healthcare systems all over the world are increasingly alarmed by the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) directed at healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the aim of the current review was to investigate the factors associated with WPV against HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. This study was conducted in December 2021. Four international databases along with two Iranian databases were searched. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement served as the foundation for the reporting procedure. Results. A total of 13 articles were included in the analysis. Results showed that females are less at risk of WPV (odds ratio [OR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.67, 0.84], p = 0.000 based on a fixed-effects model). Moreover, significant association was found between education level (OR 1.09, 95% CI [1.05, 1.14]), age (correlation = 0.025, 95% CI [0.014, 0.036]) and work experience (correlation = 0.028, 95% CI [0.016, 0.016]) and WPV. Conclusion. The primary factors linked to WPV exposure were found to be gender, education level, age and work experience. Additional research is necessary to provide more accurate and detailed data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Taherzadeh Chenani
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Faculty of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Occupational Health, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jahangiri
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Faculty of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzan Madadizadeh
- Research Center of Prevention, and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Vida Sadat Anoosheh
- Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Xiao Y, Du N, Chen TT, Cheng HF. High time to stop workplace violence against health professionals in the context of COVID-19. Fam Pract 2024; 41:393-394. [PMID: 36271839 PMCID: PMC9620320 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- Psychosomatic Medical Center, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Psychosomatic Medical Center, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Du
- Psychosomatic Medical Center, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting-ting Chen
- Nursing School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-fei Cheng
- Psychosomatic Medical Center, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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Pien LC, Cheng Y, Lee FC, Cheng WJ. The effect of multiple types of workplace violence on burnout risk, sleep quality, and leaving intention among nurses. Ann Work Expo Health 2024; 68:678-687. [PMID: 38888222 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to explore the associations between multiple types of workplace violence (WPV) and burnout risk, sleep problems, and leaving intention among nurses. METHODS This cross-sectional survey recruited 1,742 nurses, and data on WPV experiences were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Work conditions, burnout risk scales, sleep quality, and leaving intentions were also evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations of WPV with burnout risk, sleep quality, and leaving intentions, adjusting for demographic characteristics and work conditions. RESULTS The study found that 66.7% of nurses reported experience of WPV, with 26.9% experiencing both physical and nonphysical forms. Those who experienced multiple types of WPV reported worse work conditions, higher burnout risk, poorer sleep quality, and a stronger leaving intention compared to those without such experiences. Adjusting for working conditions, logistic regression analysis showed that nurses who experienced multiple types of WPV had 2.12-fold higher odds of high personal burnout risk, 2.36-fold higher odds of high client-related burnout risk, 1.95-fold higher odds of poor sleep quality, and 1.80-fold higher odds of high leaving intention, compared to those without WPV experiences. CONCLUSIONS Strategies by hospital managers and policymakers to monitor and reduce workplace violence are vital for sustaining nurses' mental health, well-being, and preventing early attrition from the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chung Pien
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd., Taipei, 116079, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd., Taipei, 116079, Taiwan
| | - Yawen Cheng
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chun Lee
- Nursing Department, Taipei City Hospital Songde Branch, 145 Zhengzhou Rd., Taipei, 103212, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Cheng
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Rd., Taichung, 404327, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, 100 Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Taichung, 706040, Taiwan
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Waltzman M, Ozonoff A, Fournier KA, Welcher J, Milliren C, Landschaft A, Bulis J, Kimia AA. Surveillance of Health Care-Associated Violence Using Natural Language Processing. Pediatrics 2024; 154:e2023063059. [PMID: 38973359 PMCID: PMC11291961 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-063059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Patient and family violent outbursts toward staff, caregivers, or through self-harm, have increased during the ongoing behavioral health crisis. These health care-associated violence (HAV) episodes are likely under-reported. We sought to assess the feasibility of using nursing notes to identify under-reported HAV episodes. METHODS We extracted nursing notes across inpatient units at 2 hospitals for 2019: a pediatric tertiary care center and a community-based hospital. We used a workflow for narrative data processing using a natural language processing (NLP) assisted manual review process performed by domain experts (a nurse and a physician). We trained the NLP models on the tertiary care center data and validated it on the community hospital data. Finally, we applied these surveillance methods to real-time data for 2022 to assess reporting completeness of new cases. RESULTS We used 70 981 notes from the tertiary care center for model building and internal validation and 19 332 notes from the community hospital for external validation. The final community hospital model sensitivity was 96.8% (95% CI 90.6% to 100%) and a specificity of 47.1% (39.6% to 54.6%) compared with manual review. We identified 31 HAV episodes in July to December 2022, of which 26 were reportable in accordance with the hospital internal criteria. Only 7 of 26 cases were reported by employees using the self-reporting system, all of which were identified by our surveillance process. CONCLUSIONS NLP-assisted review is a feasible method for surveillance of under-reported HAV episodes, with implementation and usability that can be achieved even at a low information technology-resourced hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Waltzman
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Al Ozonoff
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amir A Kimia
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Connecticut Children’s Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
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Aksoy F, Bıyık Bayram S, Özsaban A. Nursing students' exposure to violence in clinical practice and violence management competence levels. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 139:106237. [PMID: 38735095 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The violence nursing students experience in the clinic may affect their attitudes towards the profession. AIM This study was conducted to determine nursing students' exposure to violence during their clinical practice and their violence management competence levels. DESIGN This was a two-centred, descriptive, and correlational study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 512 nursing students from two universities in Türkiye participated in this study. METHODS The study data was collected between March and April 2023 with the Student Information Form, Violence Exposure Form, and Management of Workplace Violence Competence Scale for Nursing Students. Institutional permission and ethics committee approval were obtained before starting the study (Date: 05/01/2023, No: 50). Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the data. Statistical significance was accepted as p < 0.05. RESULTS It was determined that 17.4 % (n = 89) of the participant students felt competent in managing violence, and 94.3 % (n= 483) were concerned about being exposed to violence at various levels. In these results, 20.5 % (n = 105) of them were exposed to violence during clinical practice, 60.9 % (n = 64) of whom experienced verbal violence and 52.3 % (n = 55) psychological violence. The total mean score from the violence management competence scale was 103.29 ± 16.64. No statistically significant difference was found between the scale total and subscale scores according to gender (p > 0.05). The scale total scores of fourth-grade students with a good perceived academic success and who received training on coping with violence were statistically significantly higher (p˂0.05). The regression model created between the scale score and students' perceived academic success and receiving white code training (Training on the use of the alarm system that will enable security guards to reach the scene as soon as possible in cases where healthcare workers are exposed to all kinds of violence.) was statistically significant (F = 23.108, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Some of the students participating in the study experienced violence in clinical practices. Their violence management competence levels were good. It can be said that academic success, coping with violence, and white code training are useful in increasing competence levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Aksoy
- Karadeniz Technical University Institute of Health Sciences, Trabzon, Türkiye.
| | - Sule Bıyık Bayram
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Trabzon, Türkiye.
| | - Aysel Özsaban
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Trabzon, Türkiye.
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Walsh C, England A, Young R, Moore N, Hutch A, Dennan S, Rainford L, Albeshan S, Alashban Y, McEntee M. The prevalence of harassment of diagnostic radiography and radiation therapy students whilst on clinical placement in the Republic of Ireland. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024; 46:1077-1083. [PMID: 38092027 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2290464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if student radiographers and radiation therapists experience harassment (verbal, physical or sexual) while on clinical placement and their awareness of policies in place to report such incidents. METHODS An online questionnaire developed from the World Health Organisation's questionnaire on workplace violence in healthcare and the higher education authority (HEA) national survey of student experiences of sexual violence and harassment in Irish HEIs was used. Undergraduate and postgraduate diagnostic radiography and radiation therapy students in the Republic of Ireland to be included and have completed a minimum of four weeks of clinical placement. Our of 256 students, 98 filled out the survey. RESULTS Forty-one per cent (n = 40) of students reported experiencing at least one incident of harassment. Thirteen per cent reported experiencing two forms of harassment, and 2 students reported experiencing verbal, physical and sexual harassment. Verbal harassment (n = 33) and sexual (n = 16) were the most common form of harassment while physical harassment was experienced 7 participants. Ninety-one per cent (n = 88) of participants reported they don't believe they have received sufficient training in dealing with incidents of physical, verbal or sexual harassment. CONCLUSION Harassment of student radiographers and radiation therapists is occurring while on placement. Male patients are the modal perpetrator, and most incidents go unreported. Students are not empowered to report an incident of harassment and are sometimes unaware of how to report harassment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh Walsh
- Discipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Brookfield Health Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrew England
- Discipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Brookfield Health Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Rena Young
- Discipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Brookfield Health Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Niamh Moore
- Discipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Brookfield Health Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Avril Hutch
- South Lodge, EDI Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Dennan
- Diagnostic imaging department, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Rainford
- Radiography & Diagnostic Imaging, School of Medicine, University college, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Salman Albeshan
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Alashban
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark McEntee
- Discipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Brookfield Health Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
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Palmer BE, Barnes RD, Freese RL, Kim MH, Robiner WN. Physician homicide: Reports in the National Violent Death Reporting System (2003-2018). Compr Psychiatry 2024; 133:152503. [PMID: 38788614 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the occurrence, demographics, and circumstances of homicides of physicians. METHOD Authors interrogated the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's surveillance system tracking violent deaths between 2003 and 2018 which integrates data from law enforcement and coroner/medical examiner reports. Authors identified cases of homicide decedents whose profession was physician, surgeon, or psychiatrist. Data collected included decedents' demographics as well as circumstances of death. RESULTS Data were provided by 7-41 states as participating states increased over time. Fifty-six homicides were reported, most were male (73.2%) and white (76.8%). Most (67.9%) identified assailants reportedly knew decedents: 23.2% were perpetrated by partners/ex-partners; 10.7% by patients/patients' family members. Deaths were mainly due to gunshot wounds (44.6%), stabbing (16.1%), and blunt force trauma (16.1%). More (58.9%) homicides occurred at victims' homes than work (16.1%). CONCLUSIONS Physician homicides are relatively rare and occur at lower rates than in the general population. Physicians were more frequently killed by partners or ex-partners than by patients. Most homicides occurred away from the workplace. Broader efforts are needed to promote interventions throughout America's violent society to reduce domestic/partner violence and gun violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Palmer
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
| | - Rachel D Barnes
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L Freese
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States of America
| | - Michael H Kim
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, 2450 Riverside Ave S AO-102, Delivery Code 8951, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States of America
| | - William N Robiner
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, 2450 Riverside Ave S AO-102, Delivery Code 8951, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States of America
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Küçük Öztürk G, Başer E, Engin E. 'On the slope of an erupting volcano': A qualitative study on the workplace violence experiences of psychiatric nurses. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024; 31:515-524. [PMID: 38084835 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Workplace violence is common in healthcare. Workplace violence remains a complex and serious occupational hazard in healthcare. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Since there is no study examining detailed explanations of experiences and perspectives of workplace violence among psychiatric nurses, this study will act as a guide for psychiatric nurses. This study provides information about how psychiatric nurses evaluate the concept of workplace violence from their perspective, what it means to them and the effects of workplace violence. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Considering the effects of workplace violence, a preventive, systematic and holistic approach should be used in psychiatry and community mental health centres. Supportive interventions should be used to improve the health and safety of psychiatric nurses and patients. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Workplace violence is common in healthcare and remains a complex and serious occupational hazard. AIM This research was conducted to assess the workplace violence experiences and perspectives of psychiatric nurses. METHOD This study was a qualitative study conducted using a grounded theory approach method. The study was conducted between November 2022 and January 2023. The purposeful sampling method was used, and 11 psychiatric nurses were interviewed. Data were collected with an information form and a semi-structured interview form. The data were analysed using content analysis, and themes were created. FINDINGS The ages of the psychiatric nurses ranged from 38 to 57 years. Themes and sub-themes related to the workplace violence experiences and perspectives of psychiatric nurses included the way of violence (rising tension, eruption of the volcano, unintentional violence and turning to ash) and empowerment (ash cloud and ring of fire). CONCLUSION Psychiatric nurses stated that they were exposed to verbal and physical violence for many reasons, that this situation seriously affected their physical, mental and social health and that in addition to the devastating effects of violence, they became stronger by developing various skills to protect against violence. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Supportive interventions should be used to improve the health and safety of psychiatric nurses and patients. Strategies can be developed to include psychiatric nurses in occupational health nursing courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülhan Küçük Öztürk
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Vefa Küçük Faculty of Health Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Semra, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Eylül Başer
- Home Patient Care Program, Muş Alparslan University, Health Services Vocational School, Muş, Turkey
| | - Esra Engin
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Duff J, Jeffries L, Griffiths J, Woollett K, Carter A, Xu HG. Qualitative Evaluation of a Novel Security Role to Reduce Occupational Violence in Inpatient Hospital Settings. Workplace Health Saf 2024; 72:327-336. [PMID: 38813915 DOI: 10.1177/21650799241249187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Background: Occupational violence (OV) is a priority issue that significantly affects the safety of nurses, leading to staff burnout and poor retention issues. Security personnel are common in inpatient settings, yet there is limited research on their role, function, and impacts. The study aims to qualitatively evaluate a novel security role to reduce OV in inpatient settings. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Brisbane, Queensland. A novel security role (Ambassador) was piloted in three inpatient wards over 6 months in 2020 to mitigate OV risk. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. All interviews were audio recorded. Interview transcripts were transcribed. Deductive analysis based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to identify the experiences and perceptions of the participants. Findings: 17 participants were interviewed. Five themes were identified including program characteristics, internal drivers, external drivers, individual experience, and implementation process. An Ambassador proactively engages with patients and visitors and employs behavioral strategies to de-escalate or redirect persons of concern. Participants considered Ambassadors to be important members of the health care team who supported the provision of patient and family-centered care. Successful implementation was said to require collaboration between clinical and security services and a small agile project team with authority and autonomy. Conclusion/Application to practice: This study provides many insights into the successful implementation of a novel security role in acute hospital settings. More research is needed on the effectiveness, appropriateness, feasibility, and cost of different security models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed Duff
- School of Nursing, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology
- Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre
| | - Lita Jeffries
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Queensland Occupational Violence Strategy Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
| | - Joanna Griffiths
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Queensland Occupational Violence Strategy Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
| | | | | | - Hui Grace Xu
- School of Nursing, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology
- Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre
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Dawson D, Bell SB, Hollman N, Lemens T, Obiozor C, Safo D, Manning T. Assaults and Microaggressions Against Psychiatric Residents: Findings from a US Survey. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2024; 48:310-319. [PMID: 38291313 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-024-01933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychiatric physicians may experience higher rates of assault than those in other fields. For many reasons, residents may be especially vulnerable. This study updates rates of assaults among US psychiatry residents as well as the reporting rates and emotional effects of these incidents. Little data exists to examine rates of microaggressions against psychiatry residents. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was distributed through a national residency database via a snowball-sampling approach between June and September of 2021. The questionnaire asked about experiences of verbal, physical, and sexual assaults, as well as microaggressions and their impact. Descriptive analyses of the obtained data were conducted. RESULTS The survey was completed by 275 psychiatry residents from 29 states (63.6% women). At least one form of assault was experienced by 78.9% of participants with 74.5% experiencing verbal, 22.2% experiencing physical, and 6.2% experiencing sexual assault. At least one type of microaggression was experienced by 86.9% of trainees. Elevations in PTSD scores were seen in residents who identified as women and non-White and those physically injured or sexually assaulted. While 92.7% of residents stated their program provided training about assault, 25% of residents indicated they had no training on recognizing and responding to microaggressions. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric residents experience widespread assault and microaggressions in the clinical setting but often do not report them. Due to the ubiquitous nature of these events, programs should provide training about early recognition and de-escalation techniques for agitation, responding effectively to microaggressions, and the importance of reporting events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Dawson
- Oklahoma City Indian Clinic, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarah Beth Bell
- University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Nicholas Hollman
- University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Tara Lemens
- University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Danielle Safo
- University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Tessa Manning
- University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA.
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25
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Gilroy H, Anderson K, Berry DM, Hirsch S, Johnson Makiya D, Ratcliff C. Stress and Trauma Among Nurses in Development (STAND): A Descriptive Study. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2024; 45:840-849. [PMID: 38843035 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2024.2352588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health conditions related to traumatic stress exposure are common in practicing nurses. Less is known about the impact of trauma on nursing students and how it affects their transition to practice. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to understand the experience of trauma exposure and resulting symptoms in undergraduate nursing students. DESIGN This is an analysis of baseline data from a longitudinal study. Students in an undergraduate nursing program completed a survey with validated instruments to measure trauma exposure, risk and protective factors, and trauma symptoms. SETTINGS The study took place in an undergraduate nursing program in the United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 248 nursing students participated in the study. RESULTS The nursing students reported a higher number of adverse childhood experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms than the general population. Additionally, mental health symptoms and burnout symptoms increased over time. CONCLUSIONS Nursing students are at high risk for PTSD and other mental health conditions due to cumulative trauma. Interventions are needed to address trauma in developing nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Gilroy
- Memorial Hermann Health System, The Woodlands, Texas, USA
| | - Kennedy Anderson
- School of Nursing, Sam Houston State University, The Woodlands, Texas, USA
| | - Devon M Berry
- School of Nursing, Sam Houston State University, The Woodlands, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah Hirsch
- School of Nursing, Sam Houston State University, The Woodlands, Texas, USA
| | | | - Chelsea Ratcliff
- School of Nursing, Sam Houston State University, The Woodlands, Texas, USA
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Duffhues WAC, Barten DG, Cauwer HD, Mortelmans L, van Osch F, Tin D, Koopmans MPG, Ciottone G. Worldwide Trends in COVID-19-Related Attacks Against Healthcare: A Review of the Safeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition Database. Health Secur 2024; 22:294-303. [PMID: 38717838 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, violence targeting healthcare reportedly increased. Attacks against healthcare can severely hamper the public health response during a pandemic. Descriptive data analysis of these attacks may be helpful to develop prevention and mitigation strategies. This study aimed to investigate trends regarding COVID-19-related attacks against healthcare from January 2020 until January 2023. COVID-19-related incidents occurring between January 2020 and January 2023 were extracted from the Safeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition database and screened for eligibility. Included incidents were linked to COVID-19 health measures or were attacks directly interfering with COVID-19 healthcare, including conflict-related attacks. Data collected per incident included temporal factors; country; setting; attack and weapon type; perpetrator; motive; number of healthcare workers (HCWs) killed, injured, or kidnapped; and health facility damage. The study identified 255 COVID-19-related attacks against healthcare, with 18 HCWs killed, 147 HCWs injured, and 86 facilities damaged. The highest attack frequency was reported during the beginning of the pandemic and predominantly concerned stigma-related attacks against healthcare. Reported incidents in 2021 included attacks targeting vaccination campaigns, as well as conflict-related attacks interfering with COVID-19 healthcare. COVID-19-related attacks against healthcare occurred in heterogeneous contexts throughout the pandemic. Due to underreporting, the data presented are a minimum estimate of the actual magnitude of violence. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of public education campaigns, improved coordination between healthcare organizations and law enforcement, and the possible need to bolster the security of medical facilities and health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke A C Duffhues
- Willeke A. C. Duffhues, MD, was a Medical Student, at VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis G Barten
- Dennis G. Barten, MD, is an Emergency Physician and Residency Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, at VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Harald De Cauwer
- Harald De Cauwer, MD, is a Neurologist, Department of Neurology, Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium; and PhD Candidate, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Luc Mortelmans
- Luc Mortelmans, MD, is an Emergency Physician, Center for Research and Education in Emergency Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; REGEDIM, Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; and Department of Emergency Medicine, ZNA Camp Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium.in the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Frits van Osch
- Frits van Osch, PhD, is a Clinical Epidemiologist, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, at VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Derrick Tin
- Derrick Tin, MD, PhD, is an Emergency Physician and Core Faculty, in the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Marion P. G. Koopmans, PhD, is a Professor of Virology and Head, Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre and the Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Center, Rotterdam/Delft, the Netherlands
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Rabin S, Akinfemiwa O, Bradley M, Clayton GC, Cozzi N, Gottlieb M. Protecting Frontline Workers: Strategies for Preventing and Mitigating Violence in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2024:S0196-0644(24)00357-3. [PMID: 39093246 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Violence in the emergency department (ED) has been escalating for decades worldwide. High-stress situations are commonplace in the ED and can lead to intentional and unintentional aggression from patients. Staff must be educated on the signs of violence and escalation to recognize potentially dangerous situations early. Staff must also identify underlying medical conditions as the source of unintentional violence. Both situations would require different approaches to management. ED violence negatively affects patient care and leads to long-term harmful outcomes for staff. Multiple strategies for mitigation and prevention have been explored in the literature. Among those, weapon detection systems, de-escalation training, and violence prevention programs have demonstrated improved staff outcomes and decreased violence. Formalized procedures and policies should clearly assign roles for each staff member in the event of a violent patient. Training programs should be instituted and may include self-defense classes or crisis intervention courses. Emergency medicine residency programs and EDs around the country must address the rising incidence of violence within EDs through interdisciplinary policy, procedure development, and prevention and mitigation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rabin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
| | - Ololade Akinfemiwa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Miranda Bradley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Nicholas Cozzi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael Gottlieb
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang S, Wang J, Huang Y, Wang X, Guo H, Zhou J. Exploring the Impact of Workplace Violence on the Mental Health of Chinese Correctional Officers: A JD-R Model Approach. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2865-2874. [PMID: 39104767 PMCID: PMC11298411 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s468370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Correctional officers face widespread workplace violence and the resulting overwork that can profoundly damage their physical and mental health. Purpose This study aims to investigate the mediating role of overwork in the relationship between workplace violence and the manifestation of physical and mental health issues among correctional officers. Methods This study enlisted 472 eligible participants. Cross-sectional data were obtained using the Chinese version of the Workplace Violence Scale (WVS), while the physical and mental health of correctional officers was evaluated through relevant scales. Analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and tests for mediation models. Results The study found significant correlations between workplace violence, overwork, and various mental health variables (depression, anxiety, stress, suicidal ideation, and insomnia), with correlations ranging from 0.135 to 0.822 (p < 0.01). Mediation analysis revealed that workplace violence directly impacts correctional officers' physical and mental health (p < 0.001) and also has an indirect effect through overwork (p < 0.023). These findings underscore the substantial impact of workplace violence on the health of correctional officers, both directly and indirectly. Conclusion Workplace violence and overwork significantly contribute to the physical and mental health challenges faced by correctional officers. Overwork acts as a mediator in the relationship between workplace violence and these health issues. The study suggests addressing workplace violence and mental health issues among correctional officers by increasing their numbers, improving the work environment, and implementing enhanced welfare policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Pingtang Compulsory Isolation Detoxification Institute in Hunan Province, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jizhi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
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Babkair KA, Altirkistani BA, Baljoon JM, Almehmadi AA, Atiah AL, Alsadan SA, Moamena ME. The prevalence of physical and verbal violence among emergency medicine physicians in military hospitals vs non-military hospitals, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: multi-center cross-sectional study. BMC Emerg Med 2024; 24:129. [PMID: 39075365 PMCID: PMC11288119 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-024-01049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In healthcare settings, physical and verbal attacks are commonly encountered in the workplace among healthcare providers. Patients and patients' relatives and friends have been reported to be the perpetrators of workplace violence. Among all healthcare settings, emergency department (ED) have been designated as high-risk settings for violence, where more than one-quarter of emergency physicians reported that they were victims of physical assault. This study aimed to report the prevalence of workplace violence against emergency medicine physicians in military and non-military hospitals in Jeddah city. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional design has been used in this study. An electronic questionnaire was developed through the Google Form Platform and it included demographic data, the occurrence of verbal or physical violence in the workplace to participants, how many times they experienced this violence, the time of incidents, the location either inside or outside the hospital, whether the perpetrators were mostly patients, patient families, or friends, and whether they reported any violence or not. Categorical variables were used to describe frequencies and percentages, while descriptive statistics such as mean and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were used to summarize the scale variables. P < 0.05 was considered for statistically significant differences. RESULTS Among the 100 participants, 76 experienced either physical or verbal violence, or both. The remaining 24 did not experience any sort of violence. 83% of the physicians who have been physically violated were working in non-military hospitals. Of the 72 participants who had experienced verbal violence, 51 (70.8%) were working in a non-military hospital, while 21 (29.2%) were in a military hospital. The most common reason for not reporting was that the participants felt that reporting the violence incidence was useless. Moreover, 92% of participants chose "Train healthcare workers to deal with violent attacks" as a suggested helpful factor in decreasing the number of work-related violence. In addition, "Education of the public" and "Raising awareness of healthcare workers" were chosen as helpful factors as well by 91% and 90% of participants, respectively. CONCLUSION This revealed that physicians in non-military hospitals experience higher levels of violence compared to their military counterparts. However, it is concerning that instances of violence are substantially under-reported across both military and non-military healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud Abdullah Babkair
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bsaim Abdulsalam Altirkistani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jamil Mostafa Baljoon
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Adnan Almehmadi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Loay Atiah
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Abdullah Alsadan
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Montasir Esam Moamena
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Shenai N, Fulmer V, Gowl C, See J, Peterson R, Van Deusen R. A Verbal De-escalation Standardized Patient Workshop for Third- and Fourth-Year Medical Students. MEDEDPORTAL : THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES 2024; 20:11417. [PMID: 39035103 PMCID: PMC11258212 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Verbal de-escalation is an essential skill for physicians across specialties and is the first-line intervention for patients who present with agitation. Training in verbal de-escalation for medical students is less robust compared to other health care disciplines. We describe the creation and evaluation of a novel verbal de-escalation curriculum for third- and fourth-year medical students on their psychiatry clerkship rotation. Method We developed a simulation using standardized patient (SP) methodology and a dedicated reflection session, implementing it in the third-year psychiatry clerkship. Participants in the scenario received targeted feedback from their peers and SPs. The sessions were video recorded, and a random sample was selected and reviewed to identify key observations and themes from student performance. Results A total of 139 students participated in the encounter. One hundred twenty-two of 125 students (82%) stated the activity met the learning objectives, with 108 (86%) assigning the letter grade A to the activity. Written feedback indicated that the majority of students believed the activity to be realistic, instructive, and helpful but felt the SPs de-escalated too quickly. Video review of the encounters found that while the students effectively used the skills, many jumped to a quick fix, and some offered inappropriate choices to end the encounter. Discussion This SP activity was effective in allowing students to practice skills in a safe setting and was valued by students. In the future, adding another workshop in the fourth year could facilitate higher retention and practice of skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Shenai
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Valerie Fulmer
- Director of Standardized Patient Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Catherine Gowl
- Standardized Patient Program Manager, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Jordan See
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Ryan Peterson
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Reed Van Deusen
- Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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Sjöberg F, Salzmann-Erikson M, Åkerman E, Joelsson-Alm E, Schandl A. The paradox of workplace violence in the intensive care unit: a focus group study. Crit Care 2024; 28:232. [PMID: 38992709 PMCID: PMC11241930 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-05028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicts with patients and relatives occur frequently in intensive care units (ICUs), driven by factors that are intensified by critical illness and its treatments. A majority of ICU healthcare professionals have experienced verbal and/or physical violence. There is a need to understand how healthcare professionals in ICUs experience and manage this workplace violence. METHODS A qualitative descriptive analysis of four hospitals in Sweden was conducted using semi-structured focus-group interviews with ICU healthcare professionals. RESULTS A total of 34 participants (14 nurses, 6 physicians and 14 other staff) were interviewed across the four hospitals. The overarching theme: "The paradox of violence in healthcare" illustrated a normalisation of violence in ICU care and indicated a complex association between healthcare professionals regarding violence as an integral aspect of caregiving, while simultaneously identifying themselves as victims of this violence. The healthcare professionals described being poorly prepared and lacking appropriate tools to manage violent situations. The management of violence was therefore mostly based on self-taught skills. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to understanding the normalisation of violence in ICU care and gives a possible explanation for its origins. The paradox involves a multifaceted approach that acknowledges and confronts the structural and cultural dimensions of violence in healthcare. Such an approach will lay the foundations for a more sustainable healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric Sjöberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, SE-118 83, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Salzmann-Erikson
- Department of Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Eva Åkerman
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Joelsson-Alm
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, SE-118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Schandl
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, SE-118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nelson S, Ayaz B, Baumann AL, Dozois G. A gender-based review of workplace violence amongst the global health workforce-A scoping review of the literature. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003336. [PMID: 38954697 PMCID: PMC11218983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WPV) impacts all levels of the health workforce, including the individual provider, organization, and society. While there is a substantial body of literature on various aspects of WPV against the health workforce, gender-based WPV (GB-WPV) has received less attention. Violence in both the workplace and broader society is rooted in gendered socio-economic, cultural, and institutional factors. Developing a robust understanding of GB-WPV is crucial to explore the differing experiences, responses, and outcomes of GB-WPV with respect to gender. We conducted a scoping review and report on the prevalence and risk factors of GB-WPV in healthcare settings globally. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We registered the scoping review protocol on the Open Science Framework on January 14, 2022, at https://osf.io/t4pfb/. A systematic search was conducted of empirical literature in five health and social science databases. Of 13667, 226 studies were included in the analysis. Across the studies, more women than men experienced non-physical violence, including verbal abuse, sexual harassment, and bullying. Men experienced more physical violence compared to women. Younger age, less experience, shifting duties, specific clinical settings, lower professional status, organizational hierarchy, and minority status were found to be sensitive to gender, reflecting women's structural disadvantages in the workplace. Given the high prevalence and impact of GB-WPV on women, we provided recommendations to address systemic issues in clinical practice, academia, policy, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sioban Nelson
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Basnama Ayaz
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea L. Baumann
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham Dozois
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ustuner Top F, Kulakaç N, Cam HH. Prevalence and Determinants of Workplace Violence Against Pediatric Emergency Healthcare Workers and Its Effect on Their Psychological Resilience. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:942-952. [PMID: 37698082 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231199831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence (WPV) against pediatric emergency healthcare workers and evaluate the relationship between WPV and psychological resilience. This study is cross-sectional and correlational. According to the results, the prevalence of WPV was 69.8%, and its distribution was as follows: verbal abuse (56.9%), bullying/mobbing (37.6%), physical abuse (12.8%), and sexual abuse (2.2%). Being single/separated/divorced/widowed (odds ratio [OR]: 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-3.30), being a physician (OR: 4.74, 95% CI: 1.73-12.96), being a staff member (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.10-5.99), routine direct physical contact with patients/clients (OR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.40-5.48), and lack of encouragement to report WPV (OR: 3.76, 95% CI: 2.01-7.01) were independent predictors of WPV (P < .05), and WPV was found to be associated with low psychological resilience. Arrangements related to violence prevention, preparation, and intervention should be made and maintained in all pediatric emergency departments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurşen Kulakaç
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
| | - Hasan Hüseyin Cam
- Yusuf Şerefoğlu Faculty of Health Sciences, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis, Turkey
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Bass GA, Chang CWJ, Winkle JM, Cecconi M, Kudchadkar SR, Akuamoah-Boateng K, Einav S, Duffy CC, Hidalgo J, Rodriquez-Vega GM, Gandra-d'Almeida AJ, Barletta JF, Kaplan LJ. In-Hospital Violence and Its Impact on Critical Care Practitioners. Crit Care Med 2024; 52:1113-1126. [PMID: 38236075 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000006189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a narrative review of hospital violence (HV) and its impact on critical care clinicians. DATA SOURCES Detailed search strategy using PubMed and OVID Medline for English language articles describing HV, risk factors, precipitating events, consequences, and mitigation strategies. STUDY SELECTION Studies that specifically addressed HV involving critical care medicine clinicians or their practice settings were selected. The time frame was limited to the last 15 years to enhance relevance to current practice. DATA EXTRACTION Relevant descriptions or studies were reviewed, and abstracted data were parsed by setting, clinician type, location, social media events, impact, outcomes, and responses (agency, facility, health system, individual). DATA SYNTHESIS HV is globally prevalent, especially in complex care environments, and correlates with a variety of factors including ICU stay duration, conflict, and has recently expanded to out-of-hospital occurrences; online violence as well as stalking is increasingly prevalent. An overlap with violent extremism and terrorism that impacts healthcare facilities and clinicians is similarly relevant. A number of approaches can reduce HV occurrence including, most notably, conflict management training, communication initiatives, and visitor flow and access management practices. Rescue training for HV occurrences seems prudent. CONCLUSIONS HV is a global problem that impacts clinicians and imperils patient care. Specific initiatives to reduce HV drivers include individual training and system-wide adaptations. Future methods to identify potential perpetrators may leverage machine learning/augmented intelligence approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Bass
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Julie M Winkle
- Emergency Medicine, UC Health, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO
| | - Maurizio Cecconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sapna R Kudchadkar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kwame Akuamoah-Boateng
- Department of Surgery Acute Care Surgical Services, Mary Baldwin University and Virginia Commonwealth University Health Richmond, Richmond, VA
| | - Sharon Einav
- General Intensive Care Unit of the Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Caoimhe C Duffy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jorge Hidalgo
- Division of Critical Care, Karl Heusner Memorial Hospital, Belize City, Belize
| | - Gloria M Rodriquez-Vega
- Department of Critical Care Medicine - HIMA-San Pablo, Caguas Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Jeffrey F Barletta
- Pharmacy Practice, Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy-Glendale Campus, Glendale, AZ
| | - Lewis J Kaplan
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Ebrahim FA, Shah J, Sharma K, Kunyiha N, Korom R, Ali SK. Discrimination and Abuse Among Healthcare Workers from Patients and their Relatives at a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya. Behav Med 2024; 50:242-249. [PMID: 37489805 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2023.2238104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination and abuse of healthcare workers (HCWs) by patients and their relatives remains a pressing and prevalent problem in various healthcare settings, negatively affecting professional outcomes. Despite this, little has been reported about discrimination and abuse in many low- and middle-income countries such as Kenya. We conducted a cross-sectional survey study between May - August 2021 among healthcare workers at a hospital in Kenya. Email invitations were sent, and the survey was in English, and the data was collected through and online survey. Discrimination based on gender was reported by 24.9% of all HCWs; 39.9% of doctors, 17.2% of nurses, and 10.9% of allied staff whereas racial discrimination was reported by 28.8% of all HCWs; 49.0% of doctors, 18.9% of nurses, and 8.9% of allied staff. Verbal or emotional abuse was the most common form of abuse and was reported by 56.8% of all HCWs while physical abuse was reported by 4.9% of all HCWs. For those that reported discrimination based on gender, 77.4% reported patient and their family members as the main source, whereas 81.2% of those that reported discrimination based on race reported the main source was from patient and their family members. Despite strict laws against discrimination and abuse, a significant portion of healthcare providers suffer from discrimination and abuse primarily from patients and their family members. In addition to education programs and policies to curb such behavior in the work environment, coping mechanisms should be actively sought to help healthcare providers deal with such actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmit Shah
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Nancy Kunyiha
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Sayed K Ali
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Aust B, Leduc C, Cresswell-Smith J, O'Brien C, Rugulies R, Leduc M, Dhalaigh DN, Dushaj A, Fanaj N, Guinart D, Maxwell M, Reich H, Ross V, Sadath A, Schnitzspahn K, Tóth MD, van Audenhove C, van Weeghel J, Wahlbeck K, Arensman E, Greiner BA. The effects of different types of organisational workplace mental health interventions on mental health and wellbeing in healthcare workers: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:485-522. [PMID: 38695906 PMCID: PMC11130054 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if and which types of organisational interventions conducted in small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in healthcare are effective on mental health and wellbeing. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched six scientific databases, assessed the methodological quality of eligible studies using QATQS and grouped them into six organisational intervention types for narrative synthesis. Only controlled studies with at least one follow-up were eligible. RESULTS We identified 22 studies (23 articles) mainly conducted in hospitals with 16 studies rated of strong or moderate methodological quality. More than two thirds (68%) of the studies reported improvements in at least one primary outcome (mental wellbeing, burnout, stress, symptoms of depression or anxiety), most consistently in burnout with eleven out of thirteen studies. We found a strong level of evidence for the intervention type "Job and task modifications" and a moderate level of evidence for the types "Flexible work and scheduling" and "Changes in the physical work environment". For all other types, the level of evidence was insufficient. We found no studies conducted with an independent SME, however five studies with SMEs attached to a larger organisational structure. The effectiveness of workplace mental health interventions in these SMEs was mixed. CONCLUSION Organisational interventions in healthcare workers can be effective in improving mental health, especially in reducing burnout. Intervention types where the change in the work environment constitutes the intervention had the highest level of evidence. More research is needed for SMEs and for healthcare workers other than hospital-based physicians and nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Aust
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Caleb Leduc
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Clíodhna O'Brien
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mallorie Leduc
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Arilda Dushaj
- Community Centre for Health and Wellbeing, Tirana, Albania
| | - Naim Fanaj
- Per Mendje Te Shendoshe (PMSH), Prizren, Kosovo
- Alma Mater Europaea Campus Rezonanca, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Daniel Guinart
- CIBERSAM, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Salut Mental, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, USA
| | - Margaret Maxwell
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professionals Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Hanna Reich
- German Foundation for Depression and Suicide Prevention, Leipzig, Germany
- Depression Research Centre of the German Depression Foundation, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Victoria Ross
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anvar Sadath
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Mónika Ditta Tóth
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chantal van Audenhove
- KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Center for Care Research and Consultancy, LUCAS, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Jaap van Weeghel
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Lawrence J, Emory J, Sousa S, Thompson D, Jenkins K, Bettencourt AP, McLaughlin MK, Russell-Babin K. Implementing the Brøset Violence Checklist in the ED. Am J Nurs 2024; 124:52-60. [PMID: 38900125 DOI: 10.1097/01.naj.0001025656.82073.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The emerging field of implementation science (IS) facilitates the sustainment of evidence-based practice in clinical care. This article, the second in a series on applying IS, describes how a nurse-led IS team at a multisite health system implemented the Brøset Violence Checklist-a validated, evidence-based tool to predict a patient's potential to become violent-in the system's adult EDs, with the aim of decreasing the rate of violence against staff. The authors discuss how they leveraged IS concepts, methods, and tools to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lawrence
- John Lawrence is a sepsis coordinator at Inova Mount Vernon Hospital in Alexandria, VA. Johanna Emory is a pediatric ED nurse at Inova Loudoun Hospital in Leesburg, VA. Sara Sousa is an ED nurse manager at Inova Fairfax Hospital in Falls Church, VA. Danielle Thompson is a clinical mentor at Inova Alexandria Hospital in Alexandria, VA. Kenya Jenkins is an education coordinator at Inova Health System in Falls Church, VA, where Maureen Kirkpatrick McLaughlin is an implementation science consultant and Kathleen Russell-Babin is vice president of professional practice. Amanda P. Bettencourt is an assistant professor in the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing in Philadelphia and an implementation science consultant. Contact author: Kathleen Russell-Babin, . The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
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Chen R, Wang R, Wang D, Wang Q, Liu X. Do inexperienced nurses in the lactation period experience workplace violence? A qualitative study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1387976. [PMID: 38983262 PMCID: PMC11231073 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1387976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Among clinical healthcare personnel, nurses face the highest proportion of workplace violence, which has a significant impact on their physical and mental well-being as well as their personal and professional lives. However, little is known about the effects of workplace violence on inexperienced breastfeeding nurses and their experiences during and after breastfeeding when they return to work. This study aimed to explore the experiences of inexperienced breastfeeding nurses who encountered workplace violence and its resulting impacts. Methods This study employed a descriptive qualitative design. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 nurses working in various positions and departments at three tertiary hospitals. Purposive and maximum variation sampling techniques were employed. The interview data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method, and the research findings were reported according to Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ)standards. Results Inferences regarding workplace violence and risks for inexperienced breastfeeding nurses included physical labor (such as lifting heavy objects and performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation), conflicts, inadequate job skills, role confusion, occupational exposure risks, patient violence, and pressure from older adults. An inductive thematic investigation revealed the "Challenges faced during breastfeeding," "Conflicting professional and family roles," "Out of balance," and "Coping strategies." Conclusion Inexperienced breastfeeding nurses experience several negative consequences due to workplace violence. Therefore, it is essential to plan and implement preventive strategies and management programs that specifically target workplace violence among inexperienced breastfeeding nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runpeng Chen
- Department of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ruiwen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Department of Nursing, The Third People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Shandong Vheng Data Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
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Germiyanoğlu RC, Demir DÖ, Kaçan T. Characteristics and Risk Factors of Workplace Violence: Experiences of Urologists Working in Turkey. Urology 2024:S0090-4295(24)00496-5. [PMID: 38936627 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2024.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate how safe urologists feel in their work environment and the sociodemographic characteristics and working conditions that affect their sense of security. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted with urologists working in different hospitals. Data were collected through a 2-part online survey that took a few minutes to complete. The first section included items about the participant's sociodemographic characteristics and working conditions. The second part consisted of the Safety and Confidence Scale for Health Professionals (SCSHP) to assess how safe the physicians feel when faced with violence and how confident they are in handling violence. RESULTS The study included 221 participants. Male urologists had a higher median SCSHP score than female urologists (P <.001). Single urologists felt safer when faced with violence than those who were married (P = .037). Participants who worked in hospitals with 24-hour security or law enforcement presence also felt safer than those who did not. Urologists who worked at universities and those who were faculty members also had higher SCSHP scores than urologists working in secondary and tertiary care (P <.001 for both). When SCSHP scores were compared according to professional experience, we observed that urologists in the first year of practice felt safer, while there was no statistically significant difference between the other groups. CONCLUSION Among urologists, those who feel least safe from workplace violence are female urologists, those who work in secondary and tertiary hospitals, and those who do not have 24-hour security or law enforcement in their center.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Turgay Kaçan
- Department of Urology Clinic, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Popčević M, Javorina T, Košiček M, Meštrović A. Exposure of Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians to Violence in Community Pharmacies in Southeast Europe: Frequency and Ethical Considerations. PHARMACY 2024; 12:88. [PMID: 38921964 PMCID: PMC11207363 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy12030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians working in community pharmacies are exposed to the risk of violence in their workplaces. Studies have shown that workplace violence is affecting their job satisfaction, productivity, and mental health. This study aims to identify the frequency of different types of violence, as well as the common perpetrators that community pharmacy staff in SEE (Southeast Europe) are dealing with. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire created for this purpose. Selected community pharmacies in Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro participated in this study. In total, 732 responses were collected from 24 pharmacy chains or independent pharmacies including all community pharmacy staff. More than 80% of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians reported having been exposed to verbal violence at the workplace, while more than 20% of them reported physical and sexual violence in the preceding 12 months. There were no statistically significant differences between pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, gender, age groups, or countries in relation to exposure to physical, verbal, and sexual violence. The most common perpetrators were identified as patients/clients. More than 90% of pharmacy staff reported they did not receive any kind of support from their employer nor any other help after experiencing a robbery. There is a need for a structured approach to addressing violence in pharmacies including organized support for pharmacy staff. Achieving quality patient care, despite dealing with violent individuals or situations daily, is one of the greatest ethical challenges for healthcare providers in community pharmacies to be empowered.
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McIntyre N, Crilly J, Elder E. Factors that contribute to turnover and retention amongst emergency department nurses: A scoping review. Int Emerg Nurs 2024; 74:101437. [PMID: 38583300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2024.101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internationally, the emergency nursing workforce shortage is of critical concern. AIM To synthesise the evidence and assess the scope of literature regarding factors that contribute to turnover and retention amongst emergency nurses. METHOD A scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute approach was undertaken. Fivedatabases (Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Business Source Complete) were searched for papers published in English between January 2011 and June 2023 where the population was nurses, context was the emergency department, and the concept was turnover or retention. A quality appraisal was performed on included studies. RESULTS A total of 31 articles met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-six studies focussed on turnover and five studies focussed on retention. Factors that contribute to ED nursing turnover included workplace violence, personal aspects (e.g., burnout or depression), organisational characteristics, and environmental/ job characteristics. Factors that contributed to ED nursing retention included mentoring programs, the advancement in nursing skills, and the transition to practice speciality (emergency) programs. CONCLUSIONS A large body of literature exists regarding ED nurses' reasons for leaving their area of practice, yet limited evidence exist on retention. Research exploring factors that promote retention of emergency nurses that leads to subsequent stability and growth in the emergency nursing workforce is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas McIntyre
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Julia Crilly
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Elder
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Work, Organisation and Wellbeing, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
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Acquadro Maran D, Giacomini G, Scacchi A, Bigarella R, Magnavita N, Gianino MM. Consequences and coping strategies of nurses and registered nurses perceiving to work in an environment characterized by workplace bullying. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2024; 4:100174. [PMID: 38516220 PMCID: PMC10953936 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to analyze the well-being and coping strategies of nurses working in an organizational setting perceived as characterized by workplace bullying. The innovative aspect of this study is that we considered only those who perceive to work in an organizational environment characterized by workplace bullying, and not those who see themselves as victims and those who perceive they work in an organizational environment not characterized by workplace bullying. Method A questionnaire with the NAQ-R, PGWBI, Val.Mob. and Brief COPE scales was administered to nurses. To better understand this phenomenon, a comparison was made between 331 nurses and 166 workers in other professions who also work in an organizational environment perceived to be characterized by workplace bullying. Results In both groups (nurses and workers), the results were approximately the same in terms of personal bullying and workplace bullying episodes and the number of physical and emotive symptoms. The PGWBI score was lower for nurses than for workers in other fields. Among the individual symptoms, nurses and registered nurses were more likely to report gastritis, insomnia and heartburn than workers in other contexts. Workers in other contexts were more likely than nurses to report symptoms of anxiety, fear, feelings of insecurity, inferiority and guilt. In terms of coping strategies, nurses were more likely than other workers to report distraction, substance use, emotional support, disengagement, venting, positive reframing, humor, and religion. Workers in other professional context were more likely than nurses to report active coping, denial, instrumental support, planning, acceptance, and self-blame. Conclusion Results suggest that the consequences of working in a perceived organizational environment characterized by workplace bullying are similar for both groups of workers, with nonstatistical differences in perceived workplace bullying episodes and sum of physical and emotive symptoms. Implication Overall, findings suggest that workplace bullying prevention is a fundamental element in training workers in all types of workplaces and should be an integral part of curriculum activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianmarco Giacomini
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scacchi
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Magnavita
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Gianino
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia, 94, Torino (I) 10126
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Touzet S, Buchet-Poyau K, Denis A, Occelli P, Jacquin L, Potinet V, Sigal A, Delaroche-Gaudin M, Fayard-Gonon F, Tazarourte K, Douplat M. Impact of the presence of a mediator on patient violent or uncivil behaviours in emergency departments: a cluster randomised crossover trial. Eur J Emerg Med 2024; 31:201-207. [PMID: 38329117 DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000001121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Several studies reported that violent behaviours were committed by patients against healthcare professionals in emergency departments (EDs). The presence of mediators could prevent or resolve situations of tension. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the presence of mediators in EDs would have an impact on violent behaviours committed by patients or their relatives against healthcare professionals. Design, settings and participants A 6-period cluster randomised crossover trial was performed in 4 EDs during 12 months. Patients aged ≥18 and their relatives were included. INTERVENTION In order to prevent or resolve situations of tension and conflict, four mediators were recruited.Outcome measure and analysis Using a logistic regression mixed model, the rate of ED visits in which at least one act of violence was committed by a patient or their relatives, reported by healthcare professionals, was compared between the intervention group and the control group. RESULTS A total of 50 429 ED visits were performed in the mediator intervention group and 50 851 in the control group. The mediators reported 1365 interventions; >50% of the interventions were to answer questions about clinical management or waiting time. In the intervention group, 173 acts of violence were committed during 129 ED visits, and there were 145 acts of violence committed during 106 ED visits in the control group. The rate of ED visits in which at least one act of violence was committed, was 0.26% in the intervention group and 0.21% in the control group (OR = 1.23; 95% CI [0.73-2.09]); on a 4-level seriousness scale, 41.6% of the acts of violence were rated level-1 (acts of incivility or rudeness) in the intervention group and 40.0% in the control group. CONCLUSION The presence of mediators in the ED was not associated with a reduction in violent or uncivil behaviours committed by patients or their relatives. However, the study highlighted that patients had a major need for information regarding their care; improving communication between patients and healthcare professionals might reduce the violence in EDs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03139110).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Touzet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle de Santé Publique
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
| | | | | | - Pauline Occelli
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle de Santé Publique
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
| | - Laurent Jacquin
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service d'Accueil des Urgences
| | - Véronique Potinet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Service d'Accueil des Urgences
| | - Alain Sigal
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Service d'Accueil des Urgences, Lyon, France
| | | | - Florence Fayard-Gonon
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Service d'Accueil des Urgences, Lyon, France
| | - Karim Tazarourte
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service d'Accueil des Urgences
| | - Marion Douplat
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Service d'Accueil des Urgences
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Wang Y, Xu M, Wei Z, Sun L. Associations between workplace violence and suicidal ideation among Chinese medical staff: a propensity score matching analysis. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:1020-1034. [PMID: 37656046 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2254037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Physical and mental health problems had been identified as the negative outcomes of workplace violence (WPV) against medical staff. Considering the proven associations between physical and mental health and suicidal ideation, it is reasonable to assume that WPV may associate with suicidal ideation. However, few studies were conducted to explore the relationship between WPV and their suicidal ideation against medical staff. Based on a cross-sectional design, 3, 426 medical staff working in general hospitals were interviewed in Shandong Province, China. Socio-demographic characteristics, work-related factors, psychological variables, WPV, and suicidal ideation were evaluated. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to explore the association between WPV and suicidal ideation. The prevalence of suicidal ideation among medical staff was 9.1% (312/3426), and 52.2% (1788/3426) of medical staff reported the WPV experience. Before PSM, we found that the association between WPV and suicidal ideation was statistically significant (aOR = 1.606, p < 0.01). After PSM, there was a statistically significant correlation between WPV and suicidal ideation (aOR = 1.525, p < 0.01). This study supported the correlations between WPV against medical staff and their suicidal ideation. The results of PSM further implied that WPV might cause suicidal ideation among medical staff. Psychological health, especially for suicidal ideation, should be paid attention for medical staff with WPV experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Meixia Xu
- Department of Current Situation and Policy, Shandong Women's University Jinan Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Long Sun
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
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Wu Y, Buljac-Samardzic M, Zhao D, Ahaus CTB. The importance and feasibility of hospital interventions to prevent and manage patient aggression and violence against physicians in China: a Delphi study. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2024; 22:34. [PMID: 38802830 PMCID: PMC11131301 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-024-00914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggression and violence by patient (and their relatives/friends) is widely acknowledged as a serious occupational hazard, with physicians being particularly susceptible to witnessing and experiencing such incidents within hospitals. Research has shown that the negative consequences of such aggression and violence are not only felt at the individual level, but also at the team and organizational levels. Understanding how to prevent and manage this behavior towards physicians in hospitals is urgent and not fully researched. While there are many potentially effective interventions, it is unclear which ones would be valuable and feasible for Chinese hospitals. Because patient aggression and violence may occur more frequently in Chinese hospitals than in other countries, this suggests that cultural differences play a role and that tailored interventions may be needed. METHOD We conducted a Delphi study to reach a consensus on the importance and feasibility of hospital interventions to prevent and manage patient (and their relatives/friends) aggression and violence against physicians in Chinese hospitals. Seventeen experts in China were invited to complete online questionnaires over three rounds. RESULTS After three rounds, consensus was achieved concerning 44 interventions, five other interventions were rejected, and no consensus was reached on another two. These interventions were clustered into eight categories: environment design, access and entrance, staffing and working practices, leadership and culture, training and education, support, during/after-the-event actions, and hospital policy. Each category is considered important in preventing and managing patient (and their relatives/friends) aggression and violence towards physicians in Chinese hospitals. This study also investigated the feasibility of the suggested interventions and found that 36 of the 44 interventions were considered not only relevant, but also feasible for implementation in Chinese hospitals. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an overview of interventions that can be implemented in Chinese hospitals to prevent and manage patient (and their relatives/friends) aggression and violence before, during, and after a violent incident occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wu
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martina Buljac-Samardzic
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dahai Zhao
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - C T B Ahaus
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Li C, Fu C. Workplace violence and depressive symptoms: the mediating role of fear of future workplace violence and burnout among Chinese nurses. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:379. [PMID: 38773476 PMCID: PMC11110276 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying the relationship between workplace violence (WPV) and depressive symptoms in nurses have been less studied. This study aims to examine the mediating role of fear of future workplace violence (FFWV) and burnout in the association between WPV and depressive symptoms. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional web survey at 12 tertiary hospitals in Shandong province, China, in 2020. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10), the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and the Fear of Future Violence at Work Scale were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and ordinary least squares regression with bootstrap resampling were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 45.9% among nurses. The regression model showed that FFWV and burnout mediated the relationship between WPV and depressive symptoms. The total effects of WPV on depressive symptoms (3.109, 95% bootstrap CI:2.324 - 3.713) could be decomposed into direct (2.250, 95% bootstrap CI:1.583 - 2.917) and indirect effects (0.769, 95% bootstrap CI:0.543 - 1.012). Indirect effects mediated by FFWV and burnout were 0.203 (95% bootstrap CI:0.090 - 0.348) and 0.443 (95% bootstrap CI:0.262 - 0.642), respectively. Furthermore, serial multiple mediation analyses indicated that the indirect effect mediated by FFWV and burnout in a sequential manner was 0.123 (95% bootstrap CI:0.070 - 0.189). CONCLUSION The prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses was high. The WPV was an important risk factor for depressive symptoms and its negative effect was mediated by FFWV and burnout. The importance of decreasing WPV exposure and level of FFWV and burnout was emphasized to prevent depressive symptoms among nurses. The findings implied that hospital managers and health policy makers should not only develop targeted interventions to reduce exposure to WPV in daily work among all nurses, but also provide psychological support to nurses with WPV experience to reduce FFWV and burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xilu Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xilu Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Fu
- Department of Health Service and Management, School of Health Management, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China.
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xilu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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47
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Lin E, Malhas M, Bratsalis E, Thomson K, Hargreaves F, Donner K, Baig H, Boateng R, Swain R, Benadict MB, Busch L. Behavioral skills training for teaching safety skills to mental health service providers compared to training-as-usual: a pragmatic randomized control trial. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:639. [PMID: 38760754 PMCID: PMC11102142 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence in the healthcare workplace has been a global concern for over two decades, with a high prevalence of violence towards healthcare workers reported. Workplace violence has become a healthcare quality indicator and embedded in quality improvement initiatives of many healthcare organizations. The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada's largest mental health hospital, provides all clinical staff with mandated staff safety training for self-protection and team-control skills. These skills are to be used as a last resort when a patient is at imminent risk of harm to self or others. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two training methods of this mandated staff safety training for workplace violence in a large psychiatric hospital setting. METHODS Using a pragmatic randomized control trial design, this study compares two approaches to teaching safety skills CAMH's training-as-usual (TAU) using the 3D approach (description, demonstration and doing) and behavioural skills training (BST), from the field of applied behaviour analysis, using instruction, modeling, practice and feedback loop. Staff were assessed on three outcome measures (competency, mastery and confidence), across three time points: before training (baseline), immediately after training (post-training) and one month later (follow-up). This study was registered with the ISRCTN registry on 06/09/2023 (ISRCTN18133140). RESULTS With a sample size of 99 new staff, results indicate that BST was significantly better than TAU in improving observed performance of self-protection and team-control skills. Both methods were associated with improved skills and confidence. However, there was a decrease in skill performance levels at the one-month follow-up for both methods, with BST remaining higher than TAU scores across all three time points. The impact of training improved staff confidence in both training methods and remained high across all three time points. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest that BST is more effective than TAU in improving safety skills among healthcare workers. However, the retention of skills over time remains a concern, and therefore a single training session without on-the-job-feedback or booster sessions based on objective assessments of skill may not be sufficient. Further research is needed to confirm and expand upon these findings in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lin
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Mais Malhas
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Bratsalis
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kendra Thomson
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Applied Disability Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Fabienne Hargreaves
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kayle Donner
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heba Baig
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rhonda Boateng
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajlaxmi Swain
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Benisha Benadict
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Busch
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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48
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Friganović A, Slijepčević J, Režić S, Cristina Alfonso-Arias C, Borzuchowska M, Constantinescu-Dobra A, Coțiu MA, Estel Curado-Santos E, Dobrowolska B, AGutysz-Wojnicka A, Hadjibalassi M, Laurado-Serra M, Sabou A, Georgiou E. Critical Care Nurses' Perceptions of Abuse and Its Impact on Healthy Work Environments in Five European Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1607026. [PMID: 38800831 PMCID: PMC11116648 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Workplace violence is a prevalent phenomenon in hospital settings which critical care nurses are particularly exposed to. The aim of this study was to research abuse against Critical Care Nurses in five European countries, and its association with and impact on Healthy Work Environments. Methods This was a multinational cross-sectional study. The 1,183 participants were nurses working in intensive care units from five European countries: Croatia, Cyprus, Poland, Spain, and Romania. The participants were selected by the convenience sampling method from 1 January 2021 to April 2022. Results Of 1,033 critical care nurses who answered questions about abuse, 646 reported at least one incident in the previous year. The highest number of incidents came from patients (2,050), followed by another nurse (1,453) and physicians (1,039). Conclusion Although nurses in ICUs are aware that a healthy working environment benefits them in their daily work, most of them still face some form of abuse. Organizations must take a realistic approach to prevent abuse and to educate nurses and nurse managers by implementing standards for healthy work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Friganović
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Slijepčević
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slađana Režić
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrian Sabou
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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49
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Steiner JL, Belisle N, Cahill JD, Garcia-Vassallo G, Johnson A, Lukens C, Oliva ME, Pedersen K, Shetler D, Wassmer K, Wilkins KM. Adopting a Novel Approach to Prevent and Address Patient Mistreatment of Staff in a Community Mental Health Center. Psychiatr Serv 2024; 75:492-495. [PMID: 38291887 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20230234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Verbal mistreatment of staff by patients is common in health care settings. Experiencing or witnessing mistreatment can have harmful psychological impacts, affecting well-being and clinical practice. As part of an effort to become an antiracist organization, an academic community mental health center based in Connecticut developed an initiative to address verbal mistreatment. Training in the Expect, Recognize, Address, Support, Establish (ERASE) framework was provided to 140 staff members. This training and subsequent actions to enhance the culture of safety were perceived as helpful by staff. Further development of the initiative is proceeding as the center's primary performance improvement program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne L Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Garcia-Vassallo, Johnson, Lukens, Oliva, Pedersen, Wilkins); Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Johnson, Oliva, Pedersen, Shetler, Wassmer); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Garcia-Vassallo, Lukens, Wilkins)
| | - Nicole Belisle
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Garcia-Vassallo, Johnson, Lukens, Oliva, Pedersen, Wilkins); Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Johnson, Oliva, Pedersen, Shetler, Wassmer); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Garcia-Vassallo, Lukens, Wilkins)
| | - John D Cahill
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Garcia-Vassallo, Johnson, Lukens, Oliva, Pedersen, Wilkins); Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Johnson, Oliva, Pedersen, Shetler, Wassmer); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Garcia-Vassallo, Lukens, Wilkins)
| | - Gabriela Garcia-Vassallo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Garcia-Vassallo, Johnson, Lukens, Oliva, Pedersen, Wilkins); Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Johnson, Oliva, Pedersen, Shetler, Wassmer); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Garcia-Vassallo, Lukens, Wilkins)
| | - Avon Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Garcia-Vassallo, Johnson, Lukens, Oliva, Pedersen, Wilkins); Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Johnson, Oliva, Pedersen, Shetler, Wassmer); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Garcia-Vassallo, Lukens, Wilkins)
| | - Carrie Lukens
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Garcia-Vassallo, Johnson, Lukens, Oliva, Pedersen, Wilkins); Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Johnson, Oliva, Pedersen, Shetler, Wassmer); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Garcia-Vassallo, Lukens, Wilkins)
| | - Maria E Oliva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Garcia-Vassallo, Johnson, Lukens, Oliva, Pedersen, Wilkins); Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Johnson, Oliva, Pedersen, Shetler, Wassmer); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Garcia-Vassallo, Lukens, Wilkins)
| | - Kyle Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Garcia-Vassallo, Johnson, Lukens, Oliva, Pedersen, Wilkins); Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Johnson, Oliva, Pedersen, Shetler, Wassmer); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Garcia-Vassallo, Lukens, Wilkins)
| | - Dan Shetler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Garcia-Vassallo, Johnson, Lukens, Oliva, Pedersen, Wilkins); Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Johnson, Oliva, Pedersen, Shetler, Wassmer); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Garcia-Vassallo, Lukens, Wilkins)
| | - Karen Wassmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Garcia-Vassallo, Johnson, Lukens, Oliva, Pedersen, Wilkins); Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Johnson, Oliva, Pedersen, Shetler, Wassmer); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Garcia-Vassallo, Lukens, Wilkins)
| | - Kirsten M Wilkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Garcia-Vassallo, Johnson, Lukens, Oliva, Pedersen, Wilkins); Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven (Steiner, Belisle, Cahill, Johnson, Oliva, Pedersen, Shetler, Wassmer); U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven (Garcia-Vassallo, Lukens, Wilkins)
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50
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Garg P, Sohal A, Kaur G, Yagnik VD, Dawka S. Is it Possible to Decrease Violence against Healthcare Workers in a Simple, Cost-effective Way?: A New Concept. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:555-557. [PMID: 38933795 PMCID: PMC11198537 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_994_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Garg
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Garg Fistula Research Institute, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Aalam Sohal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), Fresno, 93701-2302 California, USA
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Adesh Medical College and Hospital, Shahbad, Haryana, India
| | - Vipul D. Yagnik
- Department of Surgery, Nishtha Surgical Hospital and Research Centre, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Sushil Dawka
- Department of Surgery, SSR Medical College, Belle Rive, Mauritius
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