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Wills TA, Maziak W, Asfar T, Roy S. Current perspective on e-cigarette use and respiratory outcomes: mechanisms and messaging. Expert Rev Respir Med 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39101843 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2387090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been an increasing amount of research on the consequences of e-cigarette use for respiratory outcomes, which is significant for public health and respiratory medicine. We discuss recent findings and lay out implications for prevention and treatment. AREAS COVERED Based on literature searches using several databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar) for keywords, including synonyms, 'e-cigarettes,' with 'pulmonary function,' 'oxidative stress,' and 'inflammation,' we review studies on acute effects of e-cigarette use for measures of pulmonary function and discuss selected laboratory studies on mechanisms of effect, focusing on processes with known relation to respiratory disease; oxidative stress and inflammation. We discuss available studies that have tested the effectiveness of communication strategies for prevention of e-cigarette use oriented to different audiences, including nonsmoking adolescents and adult smokers. EXPERT OPINION We conclude that the evidence presents a mixed picture. Evidence is found for adverse consequences of e-cigarette use on measures of lung function and two disease-related biological processes, sometimes but not always less than for cigarette smoking. How to best communicate these results to a complex audience of users, from younger susceptible adolescents to long-term adult smokers interested in quitting, is a question of significant interest and empirically validated communication strategies are greatly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Wills
- Cancer Prevention in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Wasim Maziak
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Taghrid Asfar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simanta Roy
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Sommer N, Franzen K, Andreas S, Pankow W, Kunstmann W, Hanewinkel R. [Harmful health effects of flavors in e-cigarettes]. Laryngorhinootologie 2024. [PMID: 38996433 DOI: 10.1055/a-2341-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost all e-cigarettes contain flavorings that make the product more attractive. In the evaluation of e-cigarettes on health, flavors have so far played a subordinate role. METHOD Selective literature search in PubMed, supplemented by legal regulations on the use of flavors in e-cigarettes. RESULTS Flavors make it easier to start using e-cigarettes and have a consumption-promoting effect. Deeper inhalation increases nicotine uptake and the absorption of toxic substances from the e-cigarette liquid. For some flavors, pathological effects have been demonstrated in addition to other toxic components of the e-cigarette. To date, no toxicological analyses are available for the vast majority of flavors contained in e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS The proven consumption-promoting effect and the health risks that can be extrapolated from preclinical data are significant for the political discussion of a ban on flavors for e-cigarettes, analogous to the ban on flavors in tobacco products already in force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Sommer
- Medizinische Klinik II, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Mitglied des Deutschen Zentrums für Lungenforschung (DZL), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | - Klaas Franzen
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Medizinische Klinik III, Pneumologie, Campus Lübeck, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL), Lübeck/Großhansdorf
| | - Stefan Andreas
- Lungenfachklinik Immenhausen, Immenhausen, Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung
| | - Wulf Pankow
- Philipps-Universität Marburg - Fachbereich Medizin
| | - Wilfried Kunstmann
- IFT-Nord gGmbH, Institut für Therapie- und Gesundheitsforschung, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Reiner Hanewinkel
- IFT-Nord gGmbH, Institut für Therapie- und Gesundheitsforschung, Kiel, Deutschland
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Sommer N, Franzen K, Andreas S, Pankow W, Kunstmann W, Hanewinkel R. [Harmful health effects of flavors in e-cigarettes]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2024; 149:646-653. [PMID: 38458230 DOI: 10.1055/a-2260-5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost all e-cigarettes contain flavorings that make the product more attractive. In the evaluation of e-cigarettes on health, flavors have so far played a subordinate role. METHOD Selective literature search in PubMed, supplemented by legal regulations on the use of flavors in e-cigarettes. RESULTS Flavors make it easier to start using e-cigarettes and have a consumption-promoting effect. Deeper inhalation increases nicotine uptake and the absorption of toxic substances from the e-cigarette liquid. For some flavors, pathological effects have been demonstrated in addition to other toxic components of the e-cigarette. To date, no toxicological analyses are available for the vast majority of flavors contained in e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS The proven consumption-promoting effect and the health risks that can be extrapolated from preclinical data are significant for the political discussion of a ban on flavors for e-cigarettes, analogous to the ban on flavors in tobacco products already in force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Sommer
- Medizinische Klinik II, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Mitglied des Deutschen Zentrums für Lungenforschung (DZL), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | - Klaas Franzen
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Medizinische Klinik III, Pneumologie, Campus Lübeck, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL), Lübeck/Großhansdorf
| | - Stefan Andreas
- Lungenfachklinik Immenhausen, Immenhausen, Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung
| | - Wulf Pankow
- Philipps-Universität Marburg - Fachbereich Medizin
| | | | - Reiner Hanewinkel
- IFT-Nord gGmbH, Institut für Therapie- und Gesundheitsforschung, Kiel
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Li W, Kalan ME, Kondracki AJ, Gautam P, Jebai R, Osibogun O. Longitudinal impact of perceived harm and addiction on e-cigarette initiation among tobacco-naïve youth: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (Waves 1-5). Public Health 2024; 230:52-58. [PMID: 38507916 PMCID: PMC11025441 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the effect of e-cigarette-related harm and addiction perceptions on e-cigarette initiation among US tobacco-naïve adolescents. STUDY DESIGN This is a longitudinal study. METHODS Using data from five waves (2013-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, we created a longitudinal data set for 2775 youth aged 12-17 years who had no prior use of tobacco products at Wave 1. E-cigarette initiation was defined as transitioning from non-use at Wave 1 to ever use in subsequent waves. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the impact of harm and addiction perceptions on e-cigarette initiation. RESULTS Our analytic sample comprised 63.1% of youth who had never used tobacco products at Wave 1 and consequently initiated e-cigarette use in subsequent waves. Over time, fewer individuals perceived e-cigarettes as harmless (14.1%-2.1%), whereas more perceived them as likely to cause addiction (53.7%-76.6%). Compared with perceiving e-cigarettes as a lot of harm, those perceiving some harm (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.52), little harm (aHR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20-1.68), or no harm (aHR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.64-2.65) were more likely to initiate e-cigarette use. Demographic factors for initiation included being Black or Hispanic ethnicity (vs White), younger age (12-14 vs15-17 years), and receiving over $20 per week (vs $0) in pocket money, with P-values <0.05. However, in adjusted results, addiction perceptions did not significantly impact e-cigarette initiation (P-values >0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among youth without prior tobacco/nicotine use, perceiving e-cigarettes as having low harm significantly predicted initiation over time. Effective prevention strategies, including targeted risk communication interventions, are essential for discouraging e-cigarette use among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - M E Kalan
- School of Health Professionals, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - A J Kondracki
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - P Gautam
- Texas State Board of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - R Jebai
- Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, School of Public Health, Boston University, MA, USA
| | - O Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Hanewinkel R, Hansen J. [Use of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and shishas among children and adolescents: Results of the 'Präventionsradar' from 2016 to 2023]. Laryngorhinootologie 2024. [PMID: 38408484 DOI: 10.1055/a-2249-3796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
AIM To measure trends in the use of various smoking products among children and adolescents from 2016 to 2023. METHOD The data is based on seven waves of the "Präventionsradar", a school-based epidemiological study in grades 5 to 10. The primary endpoints of the study were the lifetime and monthly prevalence of the use of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, shisha and the use of at least two of these smoking products (combined use). Prevalence estimates are based on logistic regression models. RESULTS The analysis was based on 94,127 questionnaires. The sex ratio was balanced (49% female), mean age was 13 years (SD=1.8). In 2022/2023, the lifetime prevalence of smoking tobacco cigarettes was 18.8% (95% CI 18.1-19.5), of e-cigarettes 23.5% (95% CI 22.8-24.3), of shisha 14.0% (95% CI 13.4-14.7) and combined use 19.0% (95% CI 18.3-19.7). The monthly prevalence of smoking tobacco cigarettes was 5.9% (95% CI 5.5-6.4), of e-cigarettes 7.0% (95% CI 6.5-7.4), of shisha 3.2% (95% CI 2.8-3.5) and combined use 4.8% (95% CI 4.4-5.2). The following trends in lifetime prevalence have emerged since 2016: tobacco cigarettes (-3.0 percentage points), e-cigarettes (+1.8 percentage points), shisha (-9.2 percentage points), combined use (-2.7 percentage points). In the years of the COVID-19 pandemic, youth smoking decreased and rose again post-COVID with the exception of shisha. DISCUSSION The use of smoking products in adolescence occurs frequently. Over the observational period, a trend reversal towards e-cigarettes as the most popular product among children and young people is most likely. In addition, the combined use of several smoking products has become a common pattern of consumption. Consistent preventive measures are required in order to achieve the goal of a smoke-free society in 2040.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Hanewinkel
- IFT-Nord gGmbH, Institut für Therapie- und Gesundheitsforschung, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Julia Hansen
- IFT-Nord gGmbH, Institut für Therapie- und Gesundheitsforschung, Kiel, Deutschland
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Asfar T, Schmidt M, Oluwole OJ, Casas A, Friedman L, Ferdous T, Noar SM, Eissenberg T, Maziak W. Building consensus on a set of ENDS-specific pictorial health warnings: a Delphi study among a tobacco control expert panel. Tob Control 2024:tc-2023-058384. [PMID: 38346872 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-058384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study reports on the development of pictorial health warning labels for electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) using the Delphi approach with a panel of tobacco control experts. Twenty-four evidence-based ENDS-specific warnings corresponding to three themes (toxicity, health risks and specific harm) were developed and used in the Delphi study. METHODS We conducted a three-round online Delphi study among 60 experts (55% female) between June 2022 and April 2023. We balanced the panel in areas of expertise and positions relevant to ENDS (risks, benefits). In round 1, participants rated the warnings on attention, relevance to evidence and perceived effectiveness (harm perception, motivation to quit) and provided suggestions for improvement. In rounds 2 and 3, participants ranked the revised warnings based on importance in each theme. We assessed levels of agreement between participants using interquartile deviations and medians. RESULTS Warnings in theme 1, toxicity, received the highest ratings for perceived effectiveness on harm perception and encouraging quitting ENDS (p<0.05). Experts recommended using clear and affirmative text paired with emotion-provoking pictures and avoiding the rare side effects of ENDS. Most of the top-ranked warnings were from theme 3, ENDS-specific harm, pertained to lung damage, dual use of ENDS and cigarettes, nicotine addiction among youth, anti-ENDS industry sentiment and toxicity. DISCUSSION This study developed 24 evidence-based ENDS health warning labels using a systematic process that included several rounds of expert panel feedback. These warnings can be used to advance ENDS prevention and tobacco control policies and further target different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghrid Asfar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Department of Art, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Olusanya Joshua Oluwole
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alejandra Casas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lily Friedman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tarana Ferdous
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Seth M Noar
- Husssman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Psychology and Inst. for Drug/Alc. Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Wasim Maziak
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Hanewinkel R, Hansen J. Regional socioeconomic deprivation in Germany and nicotine use among children and adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1023-1033. [PMID: 36966513 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2195155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To assess the association of regional socioeconomic deprivation and nicotine use, survey data from 17,877 pupils aged 9-17 years were analysed. Lifetime use of combustible, e-cigarettes, and both products were the outcome variables. The German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation was the exposure variable. Logistic regression models controlling for age, gender, school type, and sensation seeking were used to examine associations between regional socioeconomic deprivation and nicotine use. Ever use of combustible cigarettes was 17.8%, of e-cigarettes 19.6%, and of both products 13.4%. Compared to the most affluent area, the adjusted odds ratio of combustible cigarette use in the most deprived area was 2.24 (95% CI: 1.67-3.00), of e-cigarette use 1.56 (95% CI: 1.20-2.03), and of poly use 1.91 (95% CI: 1.36-2.69). Nicotine use among young people across ages and especially in socioeconomic-deprived areas was widespread. Nicotine control measures are urgently needed to reduce smoking and vaping in German adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Hansen
- Institute for Therapy and Health Research, Kiel, Germany
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Asfar T, Oluwole OJ, Pan Y, Casas A, Garayua AMH, Schmidt M, Noar SM. Youth Exposure and Response to the FDA Health Warning Label on Electronic Cigarettes Packaging: Policy Implications. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:151-160. [PMID: 37688562 PMCID: PMC10803120 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Youth represent a high-priority group for e-cigarette health communication. This study examined youth exposure to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) e-cigarette warning label over 4 years and its association with change in youth harm perception and intention. AIMS AND METHODS We pooled data from the 2018-2021 National Youth Tobacco Survey (age 10-17; n = 67 159). Participants were divided into four groups: never users (58.5%), susceptible nonusers (16.3%), former users (12.7%), and current users (12.5%). We examined the prevalence, time-trend, correlates, and association of youth exposure to the warning with addictiveness and harm perception, intention to use e-cigarettes, and intention to quit all tobacco products. RESULTS Only 24.5% of youth were exposed to the warning. Exposure increased from 14.9% in 2018 to 30.8% in 2019, then declined to 25.2% in 2021. Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.76 [95% CI = 0.641 to 0.89]) and non-Hispanic black current users (0.53 [0.40 to 0.69]) were less likely to be exposed to the warning than white current users. Youth exposure was positively associated with a higher perception of e-cigarette addictiveness (1.12 [1.04 to 1.19]) and intention to quit all tobacco products (1.28 [1.13 to 1.46]). However, exposure was negatively associated with harm perception (0.91 [0.85 to 0.96]) and the intention to use e-cigarettes among e-cigarette nonusers (2.38 [1.99 to 2.84]). CONCLUSIONS The decline in youth exposure to the warning indicates wear-out effects. Strengthening the label by using compelling designs, adding themes on e-cigarette harm to youth, periodically rotating warning content, and using culturally tailored messaging may improve its impact on youth and address racial/ethnic disparities. IMPLICATIONS The FDA e-cigarette label reached only 24.5% of youth, and exposure to the warning declined to indicate wear-out effects. Exposure was significantly lower among minorities. Exposure was associated with a higher perception of e-cigarette addictiveness and intention to quit all tobacco products. Still, it did not increase harm perception or reduce intention to use e-cigarettes among nonusers. Strengthening the label by using more compelling designs, including diverse themes focusing on e-cigarette harm relevant to youth, and periodically rotating warning content may improve its impact on youth. Continued surveillance of the implementation of e-cigarette policies is needed to ensure that they equally affect youth across racial/ethnic subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghrid Asfar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Olusanya J Oluwole
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alejandra Casas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Michael Schmidt
- Department of Art and School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Seth M Noar
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Hedman L, Lyytinen G, Backman H, Lundbäck M, Stridsman C, Lindberg A, Kankaanranta H, Rönnebjerg L, Rönmark E, Ekerljung L. Electronic cigarette use in relation to changes in smoking status and respiratory symptoms. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-21. [PMID: 38259663 PMCID: PMC10801701 DOI: 10.18332/tid/176949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION How e-cigarette use relates to changes in smoking status and respiratory symptoms in the population remains controversial. The aim was to study the association between e-cigarette use and, changes in smoking status and changes in respiratory symptoms. METHODS A prospective, population-based study of random samples of the population (age 16-69 years) was performed within The Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) study and West Sweden Asthma Study (WSAS). A validated postal questionnaire containing identical questions was used in OLIN and WSAS at baseline in 2006-2008 and at follow-up in 2016. In total, 17325 participated on both occasions. Questions about respiratory symptoms and tobacco smoking were included in both surveys, while e-cigarette use was added in 2016. RESULTS In 2016, 1.6% used e-cigarettes, and it was significantly more common in persistent tobacco smokers (10.6%), than in those who quit smoking (2.1%), started smoking (7.8%), or had relapsed into tobacco smoking at follow-up (6.4%) (p<0.001). Among current smokers at baseline, tobacco smoking cessation was less common in e-cigarette users than e-cigarette non-users (14.2% vs 47.6%, p<0.001) and there was no association with a reduction in the number of tobacco cigarettes smoked per day. Those who were persistent smokers reported increasing respiratory symptoms. In contrast, the symptoms decreased among those who quit tobacco smoking, but there was no significant difference in respiratory symptoms between quitters with and without e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette use was associated with persistent tobacco smoking and reporting respiratory symptoms. We found no association between e-cigarette use and tobacco smoking cessation, reduction of number of tobacco cigarettes smoked per day or reduction of respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnéa Hedman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Lyytinen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Backman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Lundbäck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Stridsman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Lindberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- Krefting Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lina Rönnebjerg
- Krefting Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Rönmark
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Ekerljung
- Krefting Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Hanewinkel R, Hansen J. [Use of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and shishas among children and adolescents: Results of the 'Präventionsradar' from 2016 to 2023]. Pneumologie 2023; 77:1001-1008. [PMID: 37758039 DOI: 10.1055/a-2146-7087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To measure trends in the use of various smoking products among children and adolescents from 2016 to 2023. METHOD The data is based on seven waves of the "Präventionsradar", a school-based epidemiological study in grades 5 to 10. The primary endpoints of the study were the lifetime and monthly prevalence of the use of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, shisha and the use of at least two of these smoking products (combined use). Prevalence estimates are based on logistic regression models. RESULTS The analysis was based on 94,127 questionnaires. The sex ratio was balanced (49% female), mean age was 13 years (SD=1.8). In 2022/2023, the lifetime prevalence of smoking tobacco cigarettes was 18.8% (95% CI 18.1-19.5), of e-cigarettes 23.5% (95% CI 22.8-24.3), of shisha 14.0% (95% CI 13.4-14.7) and combined use 19.0% (95% CI 18.3-19.7). The monthly prevalence of smoking tobacco cigarettes was 5.9% (95% CI 5.5-6.4), of e-cigarettes 7.0% (95% CI 6.5-7.4), of shisha 3.2% (95% CI 2.8-3.5) and combined use 4.8% (95% CI 4.4-5.2). The following trends in lifetime prevalence have emerged since 2016: tobacco cigarettes (-3.0 percentage points), e-cigarettes (+1.8 percentage points), shisha (-9.2 percentage points), combined use (-2.7 percentage points). In the years of the COVID-19 pandemic, youth smoking decreased and rose again post-COVID with the exception of shisha. DISCUSSION The use of smoking products in adolescence occurs frequently. Over the observational period, a trend reversal towards e-cigarettes as the most popular product among children and young people is most likely. In addition, the combined use of several smoking products has become a common pattern of consumption. Consistent preventive measures are required in order to achieve the goal of a smoke-free society in 2040.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Hanewinkel
- IFT-Nord gGmbH, Institut für Therapie- und Gesundheitsforschung, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Julia Hansen
- IFT-Nord gGmbH, Institut für Therapie- und Gesundheitsforschung, Kiel, Deutschland
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Abstract
This paper deals with the question of whether electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) can minimize the proven harm of smoking tobacco or may lead to a long-term harm. While the British Royal College of Physicians recommends smokers to use e-cigarettes as a substitute for tobacco products, the German Society for Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine advises smokers against using e-cigarettes. The harm reduction strategy is based on three hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: It is assumed that e-cigarettes cause less damage to health than tobacco cigarettes. Hypothesis 2: It is postulated that smokers are motivated to switch from conventional cigarettes to e-cigarettes. Hypothesis 3: It is assumed that e-cigarettes are an effective means for quitting smoking with few side effects. Although the long-term health consequences of e-cigarette use remain unknown, there is increasing evidence that e-cigarettes are toxic, harmful to cardiovascular system, respiratory health and potentially carcinogenic. Population-representative epidemiological surveys have shown that three-quarters of all current e-cigarette users in Germany smoke tobacco at the same time. In a few randomized clinical trials, e-cigarettes showed higher success rates compared to nicotine replacement products. As over-the-counter consumer products, a large number of studies have found no advantage for e-cigarettes under real conditions. In addition, e-cigarettes prolong nicotine dependence compared to nicotine replacement products. According to the current state of knowledge, the hypotheses behind the harm minimization strategy using e-cigarettes must be regarded as refuted. It therefore appears ethically problematic when doctors recommend e-cigarettes to their patients as a substitute for smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Hanewinkel
- Institut für Therapie- und Gesundheitsforschung, IFT-Nord gGmbH, Kiel, Deutschland
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Mugharbil S, Tleis M, Romani M, Salloum RG, Nakkash R. Understanding Determinants of Electronic Cigarette and Heated Tobacco Product Use among Young Adults in Lebanon: Prevention and Policy Implications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4273. [PMID: 36901283 PMCID: PMC10001978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In line with the global trends, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) have found their way to the Lebanese market. The present study aims to explore the determinants of e-cigarette and HTP use among young adults in Lebanon. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants aged 18-30 residing in Lebanon, who were familiar with e-cigarettes products. Twenty-one consenting participants were interviewed via Zoom and the verbatim transcriptions were analyzed thematically. The outcome expectancy theory was used to categorize the results into determinants and deterrents of use. HTPs were viewed by participants as another mode of smoking. The results showed that most participants perceived e-cigarettes and HTPs to be healthier alternatives to cigarettes/waterpipes and to be used as smoking cessation tools. Both e-cigarettes and HTPs were found to be easily accessible in Lebanon; although, in the recent economic crisis, e-cigarettes have become unaffordable. More research is needed to investigate the motivations and behaviors of e-cigarette and HTP users if effective policies and regulations are to be developed and enforced. Furthermore, greater public health efforts need to be made to increase awareness of the harmful impacts of e-cigarettes and HTPs and to implement evidence-based cessation programs tailored to those modes of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Mugharbil
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Malak Tleis
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Maya Romani
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Ramzi G. Salloum
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rima Nakkash
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
- Global and Community Health Department, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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Matar-Khalil S, Piedrahita Vallejo C, Uárez Portilla C. Del consumo ocasional del tabaco a la adicción a la nicotina. NOVA 2022. [DOI: 10.22490/24629448.6592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducción. El consumo ocasional de nicotina puede generar una dependencia o adicción, siendo detectable mediante modificaciones en los mecanismos neurobiológicos. Objetivo. Contextualizar del consumo a la adicción e identificar teóricamente el mecanismo neurobiológico de transición del consumo regular del tabaco a la adicción de la nicotina. Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en inglés y español usando diferentes bases de datos y combinaciones de palabras clave, se seleccionaron los artículos que describieran las características de los procesos neurobiológicos implicados en el uso o consumo intermitentedel tabaco a la adicción a la nicotina como el tema principal. Resultados. El número de investigaciones relacionados a este tema es reducido, aún más en relación con la descripción de los procesos y cambios neurales de la adicción a la nicotina. La adicción a las drogas es un proceso neuroconductual complejo que altera los circuitos del sistema de motivaciónrecompensa del cerebro, por la disminución de la dopamina y la afectación en la regulación del glutamato en los ganglios basales y extensión de la amígdala se asocia con el craving, la anticipación y el déficit en la función ejecutiva. Conclusiones. El tabaco está considerado como una droga legal, por lo que su consumo pareciera ser inofensivo. Sin embargo, las evidencias muestran que su consumo a largo plazo tiene consecuencias graves en la salud de los individuos. El entender cómo cambia el hábito de fumar ocasionalmente al consumocrónico nos hace más conscientes sobre las adaptaciones en el cerebro.
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Austin-Datta RJ, Chaudhari PV, Cheng TYD, Klarenberg G, Striley CW, Cottler LB. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use Among Members of a Community Engagement Program. J Community Health 2022; 48:338-346. [PMID: 36436165 PMCID: PMC9702843 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-022-01169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are relatively new and ENDS use data from community engagement programs may help us understand usage patterns and facilitate targeted longitudinal studies. Community members in Florida, USA, were asked about ENDS use, tobacco use, and health history/concerns by Community Health Workers. Among 7253 members recruited during 2014 to 2021 into our HealthStreet program, 1177 had ever used ENDS; the proportion increased from 12 to 27% from 2014 to 2021 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.5; 95% CI 1.7-3.5; Ever versus never used ENDS). Ever tobacco use was strongly associated with ENDS use; 69% of ever users were current tobacco users. Demographic determinants (sex, age, race) and food insecurity were strongest predictors of ENDS use. Most who had ever used ENDS were aged 18-25 (aOR 5.9; 95% CI 4.6-7.6; vs. aged 60 + years), White (aOR 3.7; 95% CI 3.2-4.3; vs. Black/African American), male (aOR 1.5; 95% CI 1.3-1.7; vs. female), and recently food insecure (aOR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-2.0; vs. not recently food insecure). Those with respiratory issues were more likely to have used ENDS compared to those without (aOR 2.0; 95% CI 1.6-2.6; aOR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-1.5). Members concerned about hypertension were less likely to have used ENDS (aOR 0.7; 95% CI 0.5-0.9). In this relatively rural, micropolitan sample, tobacco use, socio-economic determinants, and certain health history/concerns were strongly associated with ENDS use. Community outreach approaches are needed to further understand these factors and implement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Austin-Datta
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Piyush Vilas Chaudhari
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ting-Yuan David Cheng
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| | - Geraldine Klarenberg
- UF/IFAS School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Catherine Woodstock Striley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Linda B Cottler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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