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Theofani E, Tsitsopoulou A, Morianos I, Semitekolou M. Severe Asthmatic Responses: The Impact of TSLP. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087581. [PMID: 37108740 PMCID: PMC10142872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the lower respiratory system and includes several categories of patients with varying features or phenotypes. Patients with severe asthma (SA) represent a group of asthmatics that are poorly responsive to medium-to-high doses of inhaled corticosteroids and additional controllers, thus leading in some cases to life-threatening disease exacerbations. To elaborate on SA heterogeneity, the concept of asthma endotypes has been developed, with the latter being characterized as T2-high or low, depending on the type of inflammation implicated in disease pathogenesis. As SA patients exhibit curtailed responses to standard-of-care treatment, biologic therapies are prescribed as adjunctive treatments. To date, several biologics that target specific downstream effector molecules involved in disease pathophysiology have displayed superior efficacy only in patients with T2-high, eosinophilic inflammation, suggesting that upstream mediators of the inflammatory cascade could constitute an attractive therapeutic approach for difficult-to-treat asthma. One such appealing therapeutic target is thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial-derived cytokine with critical functions in allergic diseases, including asthma. Numerous studies in both humans and mice have provided major insights pertinent to the role of TSLP in the initiation and propagation of asthmatic responses. Undoubtedly, the magnitude of TSLP in asthma pathogenesis is highlighted by the fact that the FDA recently approved tezepelumab (Tezspire), a human monoclonal antibody that targets TSLP, for SA treatment. Nevertheless, further research focusing on the biology and mode of function of TSLP in SA will considerably advance disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Theofani
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Tsitsopoulou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Morianos
- Host Defense and Fungal Pathogenesis Lab, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 71300 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Semitekolou
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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Pandey R, Parkash V, Kant S, Verma AK, Sankhwar SN, Agrawal A, Parmar D, Verma S, Ahmad MK. An update on the diagnostic biomarkers for asthma. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1139-1148. [PMID: 34041141 PMCID: PMC8140254 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2037_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a respiratory disorder accounts for ~339 million cases per annum. The initial diagnosis of asthma relies on the symptomatic identification of characters, such as wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough. The presence of two or more of these symptoms may be considered as indicative of asthma. The asthma-diagnostic also involves spirometry test before and after inhaling a bronchodilator like albuterol. Because asthma pathophysiology involves participation of immune system, the cytokines play an important role. The review discusses various molecules that are or may be used as biomarkers for the asthma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Pandey
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ved Parkash
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya Kant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay K. Verma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S. N. Sankhwar
- Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Agrawal
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Department of Development Toxicology, CSIR IITR, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sheetal Verma
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md. Kaleem Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Abdelmoneim M, El-Naenaeey ESY, Abd-Allah SH, Gharib AA, Alhussein M, Aboalella DA, Abdelghany EM, Fathy MA, Hussein S. Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Role of Bone Marrow-Derived MSCs in Mice with Acute Lung Injury. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:29-36. [PMID: 33471617 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, studies suggested that the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory roles in the induced acute lung injury in mice via controlling innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immunity. Sixty adult male mice were divided equally into three groups. Group A (control group) received an intraperitoneal (IP) phosphate-buffered saline. Group B was injected IP with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Group C was injected IP with LPS, followed after 2 h by intravenous labeled bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). The plasma and bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were collected at 12, 24, and 72 h postinjection. Estimation of total cell and neutrophils count and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in BAL fluid was performed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) that is a proinflammatory cytokine and interleukin-10 (IL-10), which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in plasma. Lung samples were collected for histopathological examination at 12, 24, 72 h, and 1 week postinjection. Decreased TNF-α and increased IL-10 levels in the plasma of MSC-treated group compared to the LPS-infected group were observed. Also, decreased IgM level in BAL fluid of the MSC-treated group after 72 h compared to the LPS-infected group was detected with a resolution of inflammation and improvement in lung injury. Moreover, MSC-treated group showed a reduction in total leukocyte count and neutrophil percentage in comparison to control and LPS-infected groups. Histopathological improvement was detected in MSC-treated group as well. In conclusion, systemic MSCs injection has an anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effect in LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelmoneim
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed Y El-Naenaeey
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Somia Hassan Abd-Allah
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahlam A Gharib
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona Alhussein
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Doaa Alhussein Aboalella
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohamed Abdelghany
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, and Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maha Abdelhamid Fathy
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samia Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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4
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Balkrishna A, Solleti SK, Singh H, Tomer M, Sharma N, Varshney A. Calcio-herbal formulation, Divya-Swasari-Ras, alleviates chronic inflammation and suppresses airway remodelling in mouse model of allergic asthma by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110063. [PMID: 32145582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic allergic respiratory disease with limited therapeutic options. Here we validated the potential anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and immunomodulatory therapeutic properties of calcio-herbal ayurvedic formulation, Divya-Swasari-Ras (DSR) in-vivo, using mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA) induced allergic asthma. HPLC analysis identified the presence of various bioactive indicating molecules and ICP-OES recognized the presence of Ca mineral in the DSR formulation. Here we show that DSR treatment significantly reduced cardinal features of allergic asthma including inflammatory cell accumulation, specifically lymphocytes and eosinophils in the Broncho-Alveolar Lavage (BAL) fluids, airway inflammation, airway remodelling, and pro-inflammatory molecules expression. Conversely, number of macrophages recoverable by BAL were increased upon DSR treatment. Histology analysis of mice lungs revealed that DSR attenuates inflammatory cell infiltration in lungs and thickening of bronchial epithelium. PAS staining confirmed the decrease in OVA-induced mucus secretion at the mucosal epithelium; and trichrome staining confirmed the decrease in peribronchial collagen deposition upon DSR treatment. DSR reduced the OVA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) levels in BALF and whole lung steady state mRNA levels (IL-4, -5, -33, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-1β). Biochemical assays for markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence mechanism confirmed that DSR increases the activity of SOD, Catalase, GPx, GSH, GSH/GSSG ratio and decreases the levels of MDA activity, GSSG, EPO and Nitrite levels in whole lungs. Collectively, present study suggests that, DSR effectively protects against allergic airway inflammation and possess potential therapeutic option for allergic asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Siva Kumar Solleti
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hoshiyar Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meenu Tomer
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Niti Sharma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Haridwar, 249405, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India.
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5
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Leija-Martínez JJ, Huang F, Del-Río-Navarro BE, Sanchéz-Muñoz F, Romero-Nava R, Muñoz-Hernandez O, Rodríguez-Cortés O, Hall-Mondragon MS. Decreased methylation profiles in the TNFA gene promoters in type 1 macrophages and in the IL17A and RORC gene promoters in Th17 lymphocytes have a causal association with non-atopic asthma caused by obesity: A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2019; 134:109527. [PMID: 31877441 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious public health problem worldwide and has been associated in epidemiological studies with a unique type of non-atopic asthma, although the causal association of asthma and obesity has certain criteria, such as the strength of association, consistency, specificity, temporality, biological gradient, coherence, analogy and experimentation; nevertheless, the biological plausibility of this association remains uncertain. Various mechanisms have been postulated, such as immunological, hormonal, mechanical, environmental, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Our hypothesis favours immunological mechanisms because some cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-17A, are responsible for orchestrating low-grade systemic inflammation associated with obesity; however, these cytokines are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, such as gene promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Leija-Martínez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Blanca E Del-Río-Navarro
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Department of Pediatric Allergy Clinical Immunology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sanchéz-Muñoz
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Octavio Rodríguez-Cortés
- Laboratorio 103, SEPI, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Beneficial Effects of Neurotensin in Murine Model of Hapten-Induced Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205025. [PMID: 31614422 PMCID: PMC6834300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) demonstrates ambiguous activity on inflammatory processes. The present study was undertaken to test the potential anti-inflammatory activity of NT in a murine model of non-atopic asthma and to establish the contribution of NTR1 receptors. Asthma was induced in BALB/c mice by skin sensitization with dinitrofluorobenzene followed by intratracheal hapten provocation. The mice were treated intraperitoneally with NT, SR 142948 (NTR1 receptor antagonist) + NT or NaCl. Twenty-four hours after the challenge, airway responsiveness to nebulized methacholine was measured. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were collected for biochemical and immunohistological analysis. NT alleviated airway hyperreactivity and reduced the number of inflammatory cells in BALF. These beneficial effects were inhibited by pretreatment with the NTR1 antagonist. Additionally, NT reduced levels of IL-13 and TNF-α in BALF and IL-17A, IL12p40, RANTES, mouse mast cell protease and malondialdehyde in lung homogenates. SR 142948 reverted only a post-NT TNF-α decrease. NT exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in the hapten-induced asthma. Reduced leukocyte accumulation and airway hyperresponsiveness indicate that this beneficial NT action is mediated through NTR1 receptors. A lack of effect by the NTR1 blockade on mast cell activation, oxidative stress marker and pro-inflammatory cytokine production suggests that other pathways can be involved, which requires further research.
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7
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Theofani E, Semitekolou M, Morianos I, Samitas K, Xanthou G. Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Severe Asthma. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101615. [PMID: 31590215 PMCID: PMC6833007 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma (SA) is a chronic lung disease characterized by recurring symptoms of reversible airflow obstruction, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), and inflammation that is resistant to currently employed treatments. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an intracellular sensor that detects microbial motifs and endogenous danger signals and represents a key component of innate immune responses in the airways. Assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome leads to caspase 1-dependent release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 as well as pyroptosis. Accumulating evidence proposes that NLRP3 activation is critically involved in asthma pathogenesis. In fact, although NLRP3 facilitates the clearance of pathogens in the airways, persistent NLRP3 activation by inhaled irritants and/or innocuous environmental allergens can lead to overt pulmonary inflammation and exacerbation of asthma manifestations. Notably, administration of NLRP3 inhibitors in asthma models restrains AHR and pulmonary inflammation. Here, we provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SA, present molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant inflammatory responses in the airways, summarize recent studies pertinent to the biology and functions of NLRP3, and discuss the role of NLRP3 in the pathogenesis of asthma. Finally, we contemplate the potential of targeting NLRP3 as a novel therapeutic approach for the management of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Theofani
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Semitekolou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Morianos
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Samitas
- 7th Respiratory Clinic and Asthma Center, 'Sotiria' Athens Chest Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgina Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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Regulation of Airway Smooth Muscle Contraction in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1124:381-422. [PMID: 31183836 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-5895-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) extends from the trachea throughout the bronchial tree to the terminal bronchioles. In utero, spontaneous phasic contraction of fetal ASM is critical for normal lung development by regulating intraluminal fluid movement, ASM differentiation, and release of key growth factors. In contrast, phasic contraction appears to be absent in the adult lung, and regulation of tonic contraction and airflow is under neuronal and humoral control. Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in ASM responsiveness contribute to the pathophysiology of lung diseases with lifelong health impacts.Functional assessments of fetal and adult ASM and airways have defined pharmacological responses and signaling pathways that drive airway contraction and relaxation. Studies using precision-cut lung slices, in which contraction of intrapulmonary airways and ASM calcium signaling can be assessed simultaneously in situ, have been particularly informative. These combined approaches have defined the relative importance of calcium entry into ASM and calcium release from intracellular stores as drivers of spontaneous phasic contraction in utero and excitation-contraction coupling.Increased contractility of ASM in asthma contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness. Studies using animal models and human ASM and airways have characterized inflammatory and other mechanisms underlying increased reactivity to contractile agonists and reduced bronchodilator efficacy of β2-adrenoceptor agonists in severe diseases. Novel bronchodilators and the application of bronchial thermoplasty to ablate increased ASM within asthmatic airways have the potential to overcome limitations of current therapies. These approaches may directly limit excessive airway contraction to improve outcomes for difficult-to-control asthma and other chronic lung diseases.
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Koziol-White CJ, Panettieri RA. Modulation of Bronchomotor Tone Pathways in Airway Smooth Muscle Function and Bronchomotor Tone in Asthma. Clin Chest Med 2018; 40:51-57. [PMID: 30691716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle is the primary cell mediating bronchomotor tone. The milieu created in the asthmatic lung modulates airway smooth muscle contractility and relaxation. Experimental findings suggest intrinsic abnormalities in airway smooth muscle derived from patients with asthma in comparison with airway smooth muscle from those without asthma. These changes to excitation-contraction pathways may underlie airway hyperresponsiveness and increased airway resistance associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J Koziol-White
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Suite 4268, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Room 4210, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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André DM, Horimoto CM, Calixto MC, Alexandre EC, Antunes E. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects against the exacerbation of allergic eosinophilic inflammation associated with obesity in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 62:212-219. [PMID: 30015241 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is linked to worse asthma symptoms. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) reduces airway inflammation, but no study investigated the effects of EGCG on obesity-associated asthma. We aimed here to evaluate the effects of EGCG on allergen-induced airway inflammation in high-fat diet-fed mice. Male C57Bl/6 mice maintained on either standard-chow or high-fat diet for 12 weeks were treated or not with EGCG (10 mg/kg/day, gavage, two weeks). Animals were intranasally challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). In lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), cell counting and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated. High-fat diet-fed mice exhibited significantly higher body weight and epididymal fat mass compared with lean group. EGCG treatment reduced by 20% the epididymal fat mass in obese mice (P < 0.05). The OVA-induced increases of total cells and eosinophils in lung tissue of obese mice were significantly reduced EGCG treatment. The increased levels of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5 and eotaxin in BALF of obese mice were normalized by EGCG. Likewise, the enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide metabolite (NOx) levels in obese mice were normalized by EGCG. Reactive‑oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were elevated and reduced, respectively, in lung tissue of obese mice, both of which were restored by EGCG. In lean mice, EGCG had no significant effect in evaluated parameter (body measures, and inflammatory and oxidative markers). EGCG turns to normal the levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in lungs of obese mice, suggesting it could be an option to attenuate obesity-related asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Majolli André
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Maki Horimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Ciarallo Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Costa Alexandre
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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CD38/cADPR Signaling Pathway in Airway Disease: Regulatory Mechanisms. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8942042. [PMID: 29576747 PMCID: PMC5821947 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8942042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease in which proinflammatory cytokines have a role in inducing abnormalities of airway smooth muscle function and in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness. Inflammatory cytokines alter calcium (Ca2+) signaling and contractility of airway smooth muscle, which results in nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness to agonists. In this context, Ca2+ regulatory mechanisms in airway smooth muscle and changes in these regulatory mechanisms encompass a major component of airway hyperresponsiveness. Although dynamic Ca2+ regulation is complex, phospholipase C/inositol tris-phosphate (PLC/IP3) and CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose (CD38/cADPR) are two major pathways mediating agonist-induced Ca2+ regulation in airway smooth muscle. Altered CD38 expression or enhanced cyclic ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity associated with CD38 contributes to human pathologies such as asthma, neoplasia, and neuroimmune diseases. This review is focused on investigations on the role of CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose signaling in airway smooth muscle in the context of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of CD38 expression. The specific roles of transcription factors NF-kB and AP-1 in the transcriptional regulation of CD38 expression and of miRNAs miR-140-3p and miR-708 in the posttranscriptional regulation and the underlying mechanisms of such regulation are discussed.
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12
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Uwaezuoke SN, Ayuk AC, Eze JN. Severe bronchial asthma in children: a review of novel biomarkers used as predictors of the disease. J Asthma Allergy 2018; 11:11-18. [PMID: 29398922 PMCID: PMC5774744 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s149577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma or therapy-resistant asthma in children is a heterogeneous disease that affects all age-groups. Given its heterogeneity, precision in diagnosis and treatment has become imperative, in order to achieve better outcomes. If one is thus able to identify specific patient phenotypes and endotypes using the appropriate biomarkers, it will assist in providing the patient with more personalized and appropriate treatment. However, there appears to be a huge diagnostic gap in severe asthma, as there is no single test yet that accurately determines disease phenotype. In this paper, we review the published literature on some of these biomarkers and their possible role in bridging this diagnostic gap. We also highlight the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in severe asthma, in order to show the basis for the novel biomarkers. Some markers useful for monitoring therapy and assessing airway remodeling in the disease are also discussed. A review of the literature was conducted with PubMed to gather baseline data on the subject. The literature search extended to articles published within the last 40 years. Although biomarkers specific to different severe asthma phenotypes have been identified, progress in their utility remains slow, because of several disease mechanisms, the variation of biomarkers at different levels of inflammation, changes in relying on one test over time (eg, from sputum eosinophilia to blood eosinophilia), and the degree of invasive tests required to collect biomarkers, which limits their applicability in clinical settings. In conclusion, several biomarkers remain useful in recognizing various asthma phenotypes. However, due to disease heterogeneity, identification and utilization of ideal and defined biomarkers in severe asthma are still inconclusive. The development of novel serum/sputum-based biomarker panels with enhanced sensitivity and specificity may lead to prompt diagnosis of the disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Uwaezuoke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze C Ayuk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Nigeria
| | - Joy N Eze
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Nigeria
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13
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Draikiwicz S, Oppenheimer J. What is the current role of biologics in the management of patients with severe refractory asthma? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 116:383-7. [PMID: 27153737 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Draikiwicz
- Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Livingston, New Jersey.
| | - John Oppenheimer
- Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Livingston, New Jersey
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14
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Mitchell PD, El-Gammal AI, O'Byrne PM. Anti-IgE and Biologic Approaches for the Treatment of Asthma. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 237:131-152. [PMID: 27864676 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current asthma treatments are effective for the majority of patients with mild-to-moderate disease. However, in those with more severe refractory asthma, agents other than inhaled corticosteroids and beta-agonists are needed both to better manage this group of patients and to avoid the side effects of high-dose corticosteroids and the social and personal hardship endured. Several biological pathways have been targeted over the last 20 years, and this research has resulted in pharmacological approaches to attempt to better treat patients with severe refractory asthma. The flagship of the biologics, the anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, omalizumab, has proven efficacious in selected subgroups of asthma patients. Tailoring asthma treatments to suit specific subtypes of asthma patients is in keeping with ideals of personalized medicine. Research in the complex interplay of allergens, epithelial host defenses, cytokines, and innate and adaptive immunity interactions has allowed better understanding of the mechanics of allergy and inflammation in asthma. As a result, new biologic treatments have been developed that target several different phenotypes and endotypes in asthma. As knowledge of the efficacy of these biological agents in asthma emerges, as well as the type of patients in whom they are most beneficial, the movement toward personalized asthma treatment will follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Mitchell
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health and the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amani I El-Gammal
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health and the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul M O'Byrne
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health and the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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15
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Whitehead GS, Thomas SY, Shalaby KH, Nakano K, Moran TP, Ward JM, Flake GP, Nakano H, Cook DN. TNF is required for TLR ligand-mediated but not protease-mediated allergic airway inflammation. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3313-3326. [PMID: 28758900 DOI: 10.1172/jci90890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is associated with exposure to a wide variety of allergens and adjuvants. The extent to which overlap exists between the cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered by these various agents is poorly understood, but it might explain the differential responsiveness of patients to specific therapies. In particular, it is unclear why some, but not all, patients benefit from blockade of TNF. Here, we characterized signaling pathways triggered by distinct types of adjuvants during allergic sensitization. Mice sensitized to an innocuous protein using TLR ligands or house dust extracts as adjuvants developed mixed eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) following allergen challenge, whereas mice sensitized using proteases as adjuvants developed predominantly eosinophilic inflammation and AHR. TLR ligands, but not proteases, induced TNF during allergic sensitization. TNF signaled through airway epithelial cells to reprogram them and promote Th2, but not Th17, development in lymph nodes. TNF was also required during the allergen challenge phase for neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation. In contrast, TNF was dispensable for allergic airway disease in a protease-mediated model of asthma. These findings might help to explain why TNF blockade improves lung function in only some patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gordon P Flake
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α have been linked to a number of pulmonary inflammatory diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sarcoidosis, and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). TNFα plays multiple roles in disease pathology by inducing an accumulation of inflammatory cells, stimulating the generation of inflammatory mediators, and causing oxidative and nitrosative stress, airway hyperresponsiveness and tissue remodeling. TNFα-targeting biologics, therefore, present a potentially highly efficacious treatment option. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of TNFα in pulmonary disease pathologies, with a focus on the therapeutic potential of TNFα-targeting agents in treating inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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17
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de Almeida TVVS, Fernandes JS, Lopes DM, Andrade LS, Oliveira SC, Carvalho EM, Araujo MI, Cruz ÁA, Cardoso LS. Schistosoma mansoni antigens alter activation markers and cytokine profile in lymphocytes of patients with asthma. Acta Trop 2017; 166:268-279. [PMID: 27931742 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation, obstruction and hyperresponsiveness. Severe asthma affects a small proportion of subjects but results in most of the morbidity, costs and mortality associated with the disease. Studies have suggested that Schistosoma mansoni infection reduces the severity of asthma and prevent atopy. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the ability of S. mansoni antigens, Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 to modulate lymphocyte activation status in response to the allergen of the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p1) in cell cultures of individuals with asthma. METHODS Thirty four patients were enrolled in this study: seventeen patients with severe asthma (SA group), seventeen patients with mild asthma (MA group) and six controls with no asthma. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained and stimulated with Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 in the presence or absence of Der p1. The expression of surface markers and cytokines on lymphocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry and the levels of IL-10 in the culture supernatant were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The addition of Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 antigens to PBMC cultures from both groups of subjects with asthma stimulated with Der p1 reduced the frequency of CD4+CD25low cells whereas and increased frequency of CD4+CD25high population was observed compared to unstimulated cultures. Moreover, cultures stimulated with Sm29TSP-2 showed a reduction in the frequency of T cells expressing CD69, IFN-γ, TNF and TGF-β in the MA group and an increase in the frequency of CD4+TSLPR+ T cells in the SA group. The addition of Sm29 to the cultures reduced the frequency of CD4+CD69+ and CD4+IL-5+ T cells in all asthmatic groups, and reduced the frequency of CD4+ T cells expressing IL-13 in the MA group. The cultures stimulated with Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 showed an increase in the level of IL-10 in the supernatants. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the addition of Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 to the cells cultures from subjects with asthma reduced cell activation markers and altered the cytokine production pattern in a way that can potentialy control the inflammatory response associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamille Souza Fernandes
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diego Mota Lopes
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lorena Santana Andrade
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Costa Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPq), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerias, Brazil
| | - Edgar M Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPq), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Ilma Araujo
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPq), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Baiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Álvaro A Cruz
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; ProAR-Núcleo de Excelência em Asma, UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciana Santos Cardoso
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPq), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFBA, Brazil.
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18
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Jang J, Jung Y, Chae S, Chung SI, Kim SM, Yoon Y. WNT/β-catenin pathway modulates the TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in bronchial epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:442-449. [PMID: 28137581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, TNF-α was found to activate the WNT/β-catenin pathway in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. Levels of phospho-LRP6, Dvl-2, and phospho-GSK-3β were elevated, while that of Axin was reduced by TNF-α treatment. Nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the reporter activity of a β-catenin-responsive promoter were increased by TNF-α treatment. Under the same experimental conditions, TNF-α activated the NF-κB signaling, which includes the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB and nuclear translocation and target DNA binding of NF-κB, and it was found that an inhibitor of NF-κB activation, JSH-23, inhibited TNF-α-induced Wnt signaling as well as NF-κB signaling. It was also found that recombinant Wnt proteins induced NF-κB nuclear translocations and its target DNA binding, suggesting that Wnt signaling and NF-κB signaling were inter-connected. TNF-α-induced modulations of IκB and NF-κB as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were significantly suppressed by the transfection of β-catenin siRNA compared to that of control siRNA. Transfection of a β-catenin expression plasmid augmented the TNF-α-induced modulations of IκB and NF-κB as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. These results clearly demonstrated that the WNT/β-catenin pathway modulates the inflammatory response induced by TNF-α, suggesting that this pathway may be a useful target for the effective treatment of bronchial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoong Jang
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonju Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Chae
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Chung
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosik Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Schleich F, Demarche S, Louis R. Biomarkers in the Management of Difficult Asthma. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 16:1561-73. [PMID: 26467509 PMCID: PMC4997932 DOI: 10.2174/1568026616666151015093406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Difficult asthma is a heterogeneous disease of the airways including various types of bronchial inflammation and various degrees of airway remodeling. Therapeutic response of severe asthmatics can be predicted by the use of biomarkers of Type2-high or Type2-low inflammation. Based on sputum cell analysis, four inflammatory phenotypes have been described. As induced sputum is time-consuming and expensive technique, surrogate biomarkers are useful in clinical practice. Eosinophilic phenotype is likely to reflect ongoing adaptive immunity in response to allergen. Several biomarkers of eosinophilic asthma are easily available in clinical practice (blood eosinophils, serum IgE, exhaled nitric oxyde, serum periostin). Neutrophilic asthma is thought to reflect innate immune system activation in response to pollutants or infectious agents while paucigranulocytic asthma is thought to be not inflammatory and characterized by smooth muscle dysfunction. We currently lack of user-friendly biomarkers of neutrophilic asthma and airway remodeling. In this review, we summarize the biomarkers available for the management of difficult asthma.
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20
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Swedin L, Saarne T, Rehnberg M, Glader P, Niedzielska M, Johansson G, Hazon P, Catley MC. Patient stratification and the unmet need in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 169:13-34. [PMID: 27373855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is often described as an inflammatory disease of the lungs and in most patients symptomatic treatment with bronchodilators or inhaled corticosteroids is sufficient to control disease. Unfortunately there are a proportion of patients who fail to achieve control despite treatment with the best current treatment. These severe asthma patients have been considered a homogeneous group of patients that represent the unmet therapeutic need in asthma. Many novel therapies have been tested in unselected asthma patients and the effects have often been disappointing, particularly for the highly specific monoclonal antibody-based drugs such as anti-IL-13 and anti-IL-5. More recently, it has become clear that asthma is a syndrome with many different disease drivers. Clinical trials of anti-IL-13 and anti-IL-5 have focused on biomarker-defined patient groups and these trials have driven the clinical progression of these drugs. Work on asthma phenotyping indicates that there is a group of asthma patients where T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines and inflammation predominate and these type 2 high (T2-high) patients can be defined by biomarkers and response to therapies targeting this type of immunity, including anti-IL-5 and anti-IL-13. However, there is still a subset of T2-low patients that do not respond to these new therapies. This T2-low group will represent the new unmet medical need now that the T2-high-targeting therapies have made it to the market. This review will examine the current thinking on patient stratification in asthma and the identification of the T2-high subset. It will also look at the T2-low patients and examine what may be the drivers of disease in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Swedin
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tiiu Saarne
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Rehnberg
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Glader
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Niedzielska
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gustav Johansson
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Hazon
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew C Catley
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden.
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21
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The anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects of aspirin-triggered RvD1 (AT-RvD1) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with severe asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:142-148. [PMID: 27044027 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease that is characterized by a predominance of eosinophils and/or neutrophils in the airways. In the resolution of inflammation, lipid mediators such as resolvin D1 (RvD1) and its epimer aspirin-triggered RvD1 (AT-RvD1) are produced and demonstrate anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects. In experimental models such as airway allergic inflammation induced by ovalbumin in mice, RvD1 and AT-RvD1 alleviate some of the most important phenotypes of asthma. Here, we demonstrated the effects of AT-RvD1 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals and patients with severe asthma stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DM). AT-RvD1 (100nM) reduced the concentration of TNF-α in PBMCs from healthy individuals and patients with severe asthma stimulated with LPS or DM. In addition, AT-RvD1 lowered the production of IL-10 only in PBMCs from patients with severe asthma stimulated with LPS. These effects were associated in part with decreasing NF-κB activation. Moreover, AT-RvD1 significantly increased phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by monocytes from patients with severe asthma. In conclusion, AT-RvD1 demonstrated both anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects in PBMCs from patients with severe asthma and could become in the future an alternative treatment for asthma.
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22
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Zissler UM, Esser-von Bieren J, Jakwerth CA, Chaker AM, Schmidt-Weber CB. Current and future biomarkers in allergic asthma. Allergy 2016; 71:475-94. [PMID: 26706728 DOI: 10.1111/all.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis early in life, sensitization, asthma endotypes, monitoring of disease and treatment progression are key motivations for the exploration of biomarkers for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. The number of genes related to allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma increases steadily; however, prognostic genes have not yet entered clinical application. We hypothesize that the combination of multiple genes may generate biomarkers with prognostic potential. The current review attempts to group more than 161 different potential biomarkers involved in respiratory inflammation to pave the way for future classifiers. The potential biomarkers are categorized into either epithelial or infiltrate-derived or mixed origin, epithelial biomarkers. Furthermore, surface markers were grouped into cell-type-specific categories. The current literature provides multiple biomarkers for potential asthma endotypes that are related to T-cell phenotypes such as Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and Tregs and their lead cytokines. Eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma endotypes are also classified by epithelium-derived CCL-26 and osteopontin, respectively. There are currently about 20 epithelium-derived biomarkers exclusively derived from epithelium, which are likely to innovate biomarker panels as they are easy to sample. This article systematically reviews and categorizes genes and collects current evidence that may promote these biomarkers to become part of allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma classifiers with high prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - J. Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - C. A. Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - A. M. Chaker
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; Medical School; Technical University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - C. B. Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
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23
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TNF-α enhance Th2 and Th17 immune responses regulating by IL23 during sensitization in asthma model. Cytokine 2016; 79:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Staton TL, Choy DF, Arron JR. Biomarkers in the clinical development of asthma therapies. Biomark Med 2016; 10:165-76. [PMID: 26764286 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we review how biomarkers have been used in the design, execution and interpretation of recent clinical studies of therapeutic candidates targeting cytokine-mediated inflammatory pathways in asthma. This review focuses on type 2 inflammation, as there are multiple therapeutics and/or clinical studies that can be compared within that specific pathway. Comparative analyses of data from these clinical studies illustrate the utility of biomarkers to quantify pharmacodynamic effects, clarify mechanism of action and stratify patients, which may facilitate the interpretation of outcomes in the development of molecularly targeted therapies. These case examples provide a basis for biomarker considerations in the design of future studies in the asthma setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Staton
- Department of OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David F Choy
- Department of Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Arron
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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25
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Subhashini, Chauhan PS, Dash D, Paul BN, Singh R. Intranasal curcumin ameliorates airway inflammation and obstruction by regulating MAPKinase activation (p38, Erk and JNK) and prostaglandin D2 release in murine model of asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 31:200-6. [PMID: 26761722 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Asthma, a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease encompasses multiple complex pathways releasing number of mediators by activated mast cells, eosinophils and T lymphocytes, leading to its severity. Presently available medications are associated with certain limitations, and hence, it is imperative to search for anti-inflammatory drug preferably targeting signaling cascades involved in inflammation thereby suppressing inflammatory mediators without any side effect. Curcumin, an anti-inflammatory molecule with potent anti-asthmatic potential has been found to suppress asthmatic features by inhibiting airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction if administered through nasal route. The present study provides new insight towards anti-asthmatic potential of intranasal curcumin at lower doses (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) in Balb/c mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) which is effective in inhibiting airway inflammation. These investigations suggest that intranasal curcumin (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) regulates airway inflammation and airway obstruction mainly by modulating cytokine levels (IL-4, 5, IFN-ƴ and TNF-α) and sPLA2 activity thereby inhibiting PGD2 release and COX-2 expression. Further, the suppression of p38 MAPK, ERK 42/44 and JNK54/56 activation elucidate the mechanism behind the inhibitory role of intranasal curcumin in asthma progression. Thus, curcumin could be better alternative for the development of nasal formulations and inhalers in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini
- Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Preeti S Chauhan
- Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - D Dash
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University
| | - B N Paul
- Department of Immunobiology, Indian Institute of Toxicology and Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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26
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Mast cells in airway diseases and interstitial lung disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 778:125-38. [PMID: 25959386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are major effector cells of inflammation and there is strong evidence that mast cells play a significant role in asthma pathophysiology. There is also a growing body of evidence that mast cells contribute to other inflammatory and fibrotic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This review discusses the role that mast cells play in airway diseases and highlights how mast cell microlocalisation within specific lung compartments and their cellular interactions are likely to be critical for their effector function in disease.
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27
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Rider CF, Shah S, Miller-Larsson A, Giembycz MA, Newton R. Cytokine-induced loss of glucocorticoid function: effect of kinase inhibitors, long-acting β(2)-adrenoceptor [corrected] agonist and glucocorticoid receptor ligands. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116773. [PMID: 25625944 PMCID: PMC4308083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acting on the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), glucocorticoids are widely used to treat inflammatory diseases. However, glucocorticoid resistance often leads to suboptimal asthma control. Since glucocorticoid-induced gene expression contributes to glucocorticoid activity, the aim of this study was to use a 2 × glucocorticoid response element (GRE) reporter and glucocorticoid-induced gene expression to investigate approaches to combat cytokine-induced glucocorticoid resistance. Pre-treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) or interleukin-1β inhibited dexamethasone-induced mRNA expression of the putative anti-inflammatory genes RGS2 and TSC22D3, or just TSC22D3, in primary human airway epithelial and smooth muscle cells, respectively. Dexamethasone-induced DUSP1 mRNA was unaffected. In human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, dexamethasone-induced TSC22D3 and CDKN1C expression (at 6 h) was reduced by TNF pre-treatment, whereas DUSP1 and RGS2 mRNAs were unaffected. TNF pre-treatment also reduced dexamethasone-dependent 2×GRE reporter activation. This was partially reversed by PS-1145 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor VIII, inhibitors of IKK2 and JNK, respectively. However, neither inhibitor affected TNF-dependent loss of dexamethasone-induced CDKN1C or TSC22D3 mRNA. Similarly, inhibitors of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, phosphoinositide 3-kinase or protein kinase C pathways failed to attenuate TNF-dependent repression of the 2×GRE reporter. Fluticasone furoate, fluticasone propionate and budesonide were full agonists relative to dexamethasone, while GSK9027, RU24858, des-ciclesonide and GW870086X were partial agonists on the 2×GRE reporter. TNF reduced reporter activity in proportion with agonist efficacy. Full and partial agonists showed various degrees of agonism on RGS2 and TSC22D3 expression, but were equally effective at inducing CDKN1C and DUSP1, and did not affect the repression of CDKN1C or TSC22D3 expression by TNF. Finally, formoterol-enhanced 2×GRE reporter activity was also proportional to agonist efficacy and functionally reversed repression by TNF. As similar effects were apparent on glucocorticoid-induced gene expression, the most effective strategy to overcome glucocorticoid resistance in this model was addition of formoterol to high efficacy NR3C1 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F. Rider
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suharsh Shah
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Mark A. Giembycz
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Newton
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Guedes AGP, Deshpande DA, Dileepan M, Walseth TF, Panettieri RA, Subramanian S, Kannan MS. CD38 and airway hyper-responsiveness: studies on human airway smooth muscle cells and mouse models. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 93:145-53. [PMID: 25594684 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease in which altered calcium regulation, contractility, and airway smooth muscle (ASM) proliferation contribute to airway hyper-responsiveness and airway wall remodeling. The enzymatic activity of CD38, a cell-surface protein expressed in human ASM cells, generates calcium mobilizing second messenger molecules such as cyclic ADP-ribose. CD38 expression in human ASM cells is augmented by cytokines (e.g., TNF-α) that requires the activation of MAP kinases and the transcription factors, NF-κB and AP-1, and is post-transcriptionally regulated by miR-140-3p and miR-708 by binding to 3' Untranslated Region of CD38 as well as by modulating the activation of signaling mechanisms involved in its regulation. Mice deficient in Cd38 exhibit reduced airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine relative to the response in wild-type mice. Intranasal challenge of Cd38-deficient mice with TNF-α or IL-13, or the environmental fungus Alternaria alternata, causes significantly attenuated methacholine responsiveness compared with wild-type mice, with comparable airway inflammation. Reciprocal bone marrow transfer studies revealed partial restoration of airway hyper-responsiveness to inhaled methacholine in the Cd38-deficient mice. These studies provide evidence for CD38 involvement in the development of airway hyper-responsiveness; a hallmark feature of asthma. Future studies aimed at drug discovery and delivery targeting CD38 expression and (or) activity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso G P Guedes
- a Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Bodine BG, Bennion BG, Leatham E, Jimenez FR, Wright AJ, Jergensen ZR, Erickson CJ, Jones CM, Johnson JP, Knapp SM, Reynolds PR. Conditionally induced RAGE expression by proximal airway epithelial cells in transgenic mice causes lung inflammation. Respir Res 2014; 15:133. [PMID: 25359169 PMCID: PMC4219035 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are multiligand cell-surface receptors expressed abundantly by distal pulmonary epithelium. Our lab has discovered RAGE-mediated effects in the orchestration of lung inflammation induced by tobacco smoke and environmental pollutants; however, the specific contribution of RAGE to the progression of proximal airway inflammation is still inadequately characterized. Methods and results We generated a Tet-inducible transgenic mouse that conditionally overexpressed RAGE using the club cell (Clara) secretory protein (CCSP) promoter expressed by club (Clara) cells localized to the proximal airway. RAGE was induced for 40 days from weaning (20 days of age) until sacrifice date at 60 days. Immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and qPCR revealed significant RAGE up-regulation when compared to non-transgenic controls; however, H&E staining revealed no detectible morphological abnormalities and apoptosis was not enhanced during the 40 days of augmentation. Freshly procured bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from CCSP-RAGE TG mice had significantly more total leukocytes and PMNs compared to age-matched control littermates. Furthermore, CCSP-RAGE TG mice expressed significantly more tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 7 (IL-7), and interleukin 14 (IL-14) in whole lung homogenates compared to controls. Conclusions These data support the concept that RAGE up-regulation specifically in lung airways may function in the progression of proximal airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Garrett Bodine
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Brock G Bennion
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Emma Leatham
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Felix R Jimenez
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Alex J Wright
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Zac R Jergensen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Connor J Erickson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Cameron M Jones
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Jeff P Johnson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Steven M Knapp
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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Kim KM, Kim SS, Lee SH, Song WJ, Chang YS, Min KU, Cho SH. Association of insulin resistance with bronchial hyperreactivity. Asia Pac Allergy 2014; 4:99-105. [PMID: 24809015 PMCID: PMC4005343 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2014.4.2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several epidemiologic studies showed the significant association of insulin resistance with asthma. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of insulin resistance with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in adult population. Methods 1,058 subjects who visited to the Seoul National University Hospital Gangnam Center from October 2007 to January 2009 for a routine health check-up were enrolled. All subjects completed a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, blood tests, pulmonary function test, and methacholine bronchial provocation test (MBPT). Insulin resistance was estimated from the homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results Thirty-three subjects (3.1%) had AHR based on MBPT. The subjects with AHR had higher BMI, waist circumference, and HOMA-IR than those without AHR (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, and p = 0.002, respectively). In case of men, fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR had significant correlation with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (%) (r = -0.1440, p = 0.011, and r = -0.1156, p = 0.042, respectively). Fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR were higher in men with AHR than in those without (p = 0.046 and p = 0.040, respectively). In binary logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age, HOMA-IR was the significant risk factor for AHR in men (HOMA-IR: odds ratio [OR], 3.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-10.30). In case of women, fasting insulin, glucose level, or insulin resistance had no significant correlation with lung function. BMI, waist circumference, and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in women with AHR than in those without (p = 0.001, p = 0.011, and p = 0.010, respectively). In binary logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age, BMI and HOMA-IR were the significant risk factors for AHR in women (BMI: OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.23-3.82; insulin resistance: OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.09). Conclusion Insulin resistance was significantly associated with bronchial hyperreactivity, which is the most characteristic feature of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeonggi Provincial Medical Center Suwon Hospital, Suwon 440-842, Korea
| | - Sun-Sin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Seoul National University Hospital, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul 135-984, Korea
| | - So-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Seoul National University Hospital, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul 135-984, Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Korea
| | - Kyung-Up Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Seoul National University Hospital, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul 135-984, Korea
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Ho CY, Weng CJ, Jhang JJ, Cheng YT, Huang SM, Yen GC. Diallyl sulfide as a potential dietary agent to reduce TNF-α- and histamine-induced proinflammatory responses in A7r5 cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1069-78. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ying Ho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Weng
- Graduate Institute of Applied Living Science; Tainan University of Technology; Yongkang Distric; Tainan City Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Jia Jhang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ming Huang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
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Ichikawa T, Hayashi R, Suzuki K, Imanishi S, Kambara K, Okazawa S, Inomata M, Yamada T, Yamazaki Y, Koshimizu Y, Miwa T, Matsui S, Usui I, Urakaze M, Matsuya Y, Sasahara M, Tobe K. Sirtuin 1 activator SRT1720 suppresses inflammation in an ovalbumin-induced mouse model of asthma. Respirology 2013; 18:332-9. [PMID: 23062010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In asthma, reduced histone deacetylase activity and enhanced histone acetyltransferase activity in the lungs have been reported. However, the precise function of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a class III histone deacetylase, and the effect of the Sirt1 activator SRT1720 on allergic inflammation have not been fully elucidated. METHODS The effect of SRT1720, a synthetic activator of Sirt1, in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model was investigated. The effect of SRT1720 and resveratrol on OVA stimulation in splenocytes from OVA-sensitized and challenged mice was also examined. RESULTS In OVA-sensitized and challenged mice (OVA mice) compared with saline-sensitized and challenged mice (control mice), Sirt1 messenger RNA expression in the lungs was decreased (P = 0.02), while cellular infiltration, airway eosinophilia and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 were increased (P < 0.01). In OVA mice, SRT1720 treatment decreased total and eosinophil cell counts and IL-5 and IL-13 levels in the BAL fluid compared with the vehicle treatment (P < 0.05). In OVA mice, SRT1720 treatment also decreased inflammatory cell lung infiltrates histologically (P = 0.002). Both SRT1720 and resveratrol suppressed OVA-induced cell proliferation and IL-6 (P < 0.05) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P < 0.05) production in splenocytes (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The Sirt1 activator SRT1720 suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine production in an OVA-induced mouse model of asthma. SRT1720 and resveratrol suppressed OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation and TNF-α and IL-6 production. Sirt1 activators might have beneficial effects in asthmatics by suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Ichikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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Golikova EA, Lopatnikova JA, Kovalevskaya-Kucheryavenko TV, Nepomnyashih VM, Sennikov SV. Levels of TNF, TNF autoantibodies and soluble TNF receptors in patients with bronchial asthma. J Asthma 2013; 50:705-11. [PMID: 23638975 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2013.796972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential contribution made by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) autoantibodies to the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma (BA). METHODS We used affinity chromatography methods and a magnetic separation procedure to purify human autoantibodies specific to TNF. The autoantibodies were used as a calibration material to determine the absolute content of autoantibodies to TNF using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TNF content and levels of soluble receptors to TNF were determined using the ELISA commercial test kits. RESULTS We demonstrated significant increases in the levels of TNF and soluble TNF receptors in the sera of patients with uncontrolled and controlled BA, as compared with healthy donors. Levels of autoantibodies of the IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses were significantly higher in sera from patients with uncontrolled BA than in healthy donors. Levels of IgG2 autoantibodies were significantly higher in sera from patients with uncontrolled BA than in patients with controlled BA. CONCLUSIONS BA is associated with changes in the levels of not only TNF and soluble receptors for TNF, but also autoantibodies to TNF. Given the magnitude of the changes in the levels of different subclasses of autoantibodies to TNF, we propose that these autoantibodies might contribute to the pathogenesis of BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alexeevna Golikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Institution Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Okada S, Hasegawa S, Hasegawa H, Ainai A, Atsuta R, Ikemoto K, Sasaki K, Toda S, Shirabe K, Takahara M, Harada S, Morishima T, Ichiyama T. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a mouse model of bronchial asthma and H1N1 2009 infection. Cytokine 2013; 63:194-200. [PMID: 23706975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial asthma is known as a risk factor of admission to the intensive care unit. However, the mechanism by which pandemic 2009 H1N1 (A(H1N1)pdm09) infection increases the severity of symptoms in patients with bronchial asthma is unknown; therefore, we aimed at determining this mechanism. METHODS Inflammatory cell levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from the non-asthma/mock, non-asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09, asthma/mock, and asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 groups were determined using BALB/c mice. Cell infiltration levels, cytokine levels, and viral titers were compared among the groups. RESULTS Neutrophil, monocyte, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were significantly higher in the BAL fluid from the non-asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 and asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 groups than in the mock groups (p<0.05 for neutrophils and monocytes; p<0.01 for the rest). The number of eosinophils and CD8(+) lymphocytes and the level of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in BAL fluid in the asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 group were significantly higher among all groups (p<0.05 for eosinophils and CD8(+) lymphocytes; p<0.01 for TGF-β1). The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and TNF-α were significantly higher in the asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 group than in the non-asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 group (p<0.05 for IL-6 and IL-10; p<0.01 for IL-13 and TNF-α). The level of IFN-γ in the asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 group was significantly lower than that in the non-asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 group (p<0.05). The viral titers in the BAL fluids were higher in the asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 group than in the non-asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 group (p<0.05). Histopathological examination showed more severe infiltration of inflammatory cells and destruction of lung tissue in the asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 group than in the non-asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09 group. CONCLUSIONS Severe pulmonary inflammation induced by elevated levels of cytokines, combined with increased viral replication due to decreased IFN-γ levels, may contribute to worsening respiratory symptoms in patients with bronchial asthma and A(H1N1)pdm09 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
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Macrophage heterogeneity in respiratory diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:769214. [PMID: 23533311 PMCID: PMC3600198 DOI: 10.1155/2013/769214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are among the most abundant cells in the respiratory tract, and they can have strikingly different phenotypes within this environment. Our knowledge of the different phenotypes and their functions in the lung is sketchy at best, but they appear to be linked to the protection of gas exchange against microbial threats and excessive tissue responses. Phenotypical changes of macrophages within the lung are found in many respiratory diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis. This paper will give an overview of what macrophage phenotypes have been described, what their known functions are, what is known about their presence in the different obstructive and restrictive respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis), and how they are thought to contribute to the etiology and resolution of these diseases.
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Sismanopoulos N, Delivanis DA, Mavrommati D, Hatziagelaki E, Conti P, Theoharides TC. Do mast cells link obesity and asthma? Allergy 2013; 68:8-15. [PMID: 23066905 DOI: 10.1111/all.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs. Both the number of cases and severity of asthma have been increasing without a clear explanation. Recent evidence suggests that obesity, which has also been increasing alarmingly, may worsen or precipitate asthma, but there is little evidence of how obesity may contribute to lung inflammation. We propose that mast cells are involved in both asthma and obesity by being the target and source of adipocytokines, 'alarmins' such as interleukin-9 (IL-9) and interleukin-33 (IL-33), and stress molecules including corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and neurotensin (NT), secreted in response to the metabolic burden. In particular, CRH and NT have synergistic effects on mast cell secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). IL-33 augments VEGF release induced by substance P (SP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release induced by NT. Both IL-9 and IL-33 also promote lung mast cell infiltration and augment allergic inflammation. These molecules are also expressed in human mast cells leading to autocrine effects. Obese patients are also less sensitive to glucocorticoids and bronchodilators. Development of effective mast cell inhibitors may be a novel approach for the management of both asthma and obesity. Certain flavonoid combinations may be a promising new treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Sismanopoulos
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery; Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology; Tufts University School of Medicine; Boston; MA; USA
| | - D.-A. Delivanis
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery; Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology; Tufts University School of Medicine; Boston; MA; USA
| | - D. Mavrommati
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery; Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology; Tufts University School of Medicine; Boston; MA; USA
| | - E. Hatziagelaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine; Athens University Medical School; ‘Attikon’ General Hospital; Athens; Greece
| | - P. Conti
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Medicine; University of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti; Italy
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Kim HK, Lee CH, Kim JM, Ayush O, Im SY, Lee HK. Biphasic late airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 160:173-83. [PMID: 23018605 DOI: 10.1159/000341645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is one of the cardinal features of bronchial asthma. Early AHR is caused by chemical mediators released from pulmonary mast cells activated in an IgE-dependent way. However, the mechanism of late AHR remains unclear. METHODS Features of airway allergic inflammation were analyzed, including antigen-induced AHR, using a murine model of asthma. The model was suitable for examining the sequential early molecular events occurring after the initial airway exposure to antigen. RESULTS AHR increased at 10-12 h after airway challenge, followed by the second-phase response, which was larger and broader in resistance at 18-30 h. Pretreatment of sensitized animals with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) before airway challenge or induction of allergic asthma in TNF(-/-) mice resulted in abrogation of the first-phase late AHR. Intratracheal instillation of TNF induced a single peak of AHR at 10 h. IgE and IgG immune complexes induced the development of the first-phase late AHR by TNF production. Pretreatment with cytosolic phospholipase inhibitor and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors abolished the first-phase late AHR as well as the leukotriene B(4) levels in the airway. CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) pretreatment reduced airway levels of Th2 cytokines, eosinophil infiltration and second-phase late AHR. However, CpG-ODN did not reduce TNF levels or the magnitude of first-phase late AHR. CONCLUSION Biphasic late AHR occurs in a murine model of asthma. First- and second-phase late AHR is caused by TNF and Th2 response, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Immunology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Choi JP, Kim YS, Kim OY, Kim YM, Jeon SG, Roh TY, Park JS, Gho YS, Kim YK. TNF-alpha is a key mediator in the development of Th2 cell response to inhaled allergens induced by a viral PAMP double-stranded RNA. Allergy 2012; 67:1138-48. [PMID: 22765163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as dsRNA, disrupt airway tolerance to inhaled allergens. Specifically, the Th2 and Th17 cell responses are induced by low-dose dsRNA and the Th1-dominant response by high-dose dsRNA. OBJECTIVE In this model, we evaluate the role of TNF-α in the development of adaptive immune dysfunction to inhaled allergens induced by airway sensitization with dsRNA-containing allergens. METHODS A virus-associated asthma mouse model was generated via simultaneous airway administration of ovalbumin (OVA) and low (0.1 μg) or high (10 μg) doses of polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]). The effect of TNF-α on Th2 airway inflammation was evaluated using TNF-α-deficient mice and recombinant TNF-α. RESULTS TNF-α production was enhanced by airway exposure to low and high doses of poly[I:C]. After airway sensitization with OVA plus low-dose poly[I:C], TNF-α-deficient mice exhibited less OVA-induced airway inflammation than did wild-type (WT) mice. However, this did not occur upon sensitization with high-dose poly[I:C]. In terms of T-cell response, the production of IL-4 from lung T cells after OVA challenge was enhanced by airway sensitization with OVA plus low-dose poly[I:C] in WT mice, and this phenotype was inhibited by the absence of TNF-α. Moreover, the Th2 cell response induced by sensitization with OVA plus low-dose poly[I:C], which was abolished in TNF-α-deficient mice, was restored in these mice upon addition of recombinant TNF-α. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that TNF-α produced by airway exposure to low-dose dsRNA is a key mediator in the development of Th2 cell response to inhaled allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-P. Choi
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
| | - Y.-S. Kim
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
| | - O. Y. Kim
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
| | - Y.-M. Kim
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
| | - S. G. Jeon
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
| | - T.-Y. Roh
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
| | - J.-S. Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang; Korea
| | - Y. S. Gho
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
| | - Y.-K. Kim
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Department of Life Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang
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Abstract
Asthma is increasing in prevalence worldwide. It is characterized by typical symptoms and variable airway obstruction punctuated with episodes of worsening symptoms known as exacerbations. Underlying this clinical expression of disease is airway inflammation and remodeling. Cytokines and their networks are implicated in the innate and adaptive immune responses driving airway inflammation in asthma and are modulated by host-environment interactions. Asthma is a complex heterogeneous disease, and the paradigm of Th2 cytokine-mediated eosinophilic inflammation as a consequence of allergic sensitization has been challenged and probably represents a subgroup of asthma. Indeed, as attention has switched to the importance of severe asthma, which represents the highest burden both to the patient and health care provider, there is an increasing recognition of inflammatory subphenotypes that are likely to be driven by different cytokine networks. Interestingly, these networks may be specific to aspects of clinical expression as well as inflammatory cell profiles and therefore present novel phenotype-specific therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the breadth of cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and focus upon the outcomes of early clinical trials conducted using cytokines or cytokine-blocking therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Desai
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Koziol-White CJ, Damera G, Panettieri RA. Targeting airway smooth muscle in airways diseases: an old concept with new twists. Expert Rev Respir Med 2011; 5:767-77. [PMID: 22082163 PMCID: PMC3276206 DOI: 10.1586/ers.11.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) manifests a hyper-responsive phenotype in airway disorders such as asthma. ASM also modulates immune responses by secreting mediators and expressing cell-surface molecules that promote recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lungs. The aim of the current article is to highlight therapeutics that may modulate ASM responses in airway disorders and exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J Koziol-White
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3413, USA
| | - Gautam Damera
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3413, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3413, USA
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Kobayashi M, Kubo S, Hirano Y, Kobayashi S, Takahashi K, Shimizu Y. Anti-asthmatic effect of ASP3258, a novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 12:50-8. [PMID: 22036845 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ASP3258 is a potent and selective PDE4 inhibitor and exerts a wide-range of anti-inflammatory effects with low emetic potential, a major adverse effect of PDE4 inhibitors. Here, we investigated the anti-asthmatic potency of ASP3258 as compared with those of two representative PDE4 inhibitors: roflumilast and cilomilast. Orally administered ASP3258, roflumilast, and cilomilast all inhibited ovalbumin (OVA)-induced eosinophil infiltration into the airway of sensitized Brown Norway rats with ED(50) values of 0.81, 0.46, and 4.4 mg/kg, respectively. Histological examination also revealed a decreasing trend in inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung following ASP3258 administration. In vitro investigation of bronchodilatory activities showed that these compounds (10(-8)-10(-6) M) concentration-dependently inhibited OVA-induced contraction of trachea isolated from sensitized guinea pigs but had no effect on spasmogen-precontracted tracheal tension prepared from non-sensitized guinea pigs up to 10(-6) M. In vivo experiments using sensitized guinea pigs showed that these orally administered compounds inhibited OVA-induced increases in airway resistance with ED(50) values of 2.2, 0.35, and 12 mg/kg, respectively. Further, orally administered ASP3258 (0.1 and 1 mg/kg), roflumilast (0.1 and 1 mg/kg), and cilomilast (10 mg/kg) significantly suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness caused by OVA exposure. ASP3258's potent inhibition of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness, two characteristic symptoms of bronchial asthma, suggests that this compound will be useful in treating asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Kobayashi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
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42
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Koziol-White CJ, Panettieri RA. Airway smooth muscle and immunomodulation in acute exacerbations of airway disease. Immunol Rev 2011; 242:178-85. [PMID: 21682745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) manifests a hyperresponsive phenotype in airway disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. Current evidence also suggests that ASM modulates immune responses by secreting mediators and expressing cell surface molecules. Such processes amplify or dampen inflammation by inflammatory cells in the airways or by altering cellular responses to viruses, bacteria, or pathogens known to exacerbate airways diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J Koziol-White
- Airways Biology Initiative, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3413, USA
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Lee CH, Kim YS, Kang NI, Lee YM, Kim KJ, Chai OH, Song CH, Kim HK, Im SY, Oh DK, Lee HK. IgG immune complex induces the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the airway and TNF-mediated late airway hyperresponsiveness via NF-κB activation in mice. J Asthma 2011; 48:757-66. [PMID: 21854343 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2011.606578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many of the inflammatory proteins that are expressed in asthmatic airways are regulated, at least partially, by nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Blockade of NF-κB activity has resulted in attenuation of the cardinal features of asthma. Thus, delineating the mechanisms involved in NF-κB activation in asthma might provide an interesting approach to improving the management of asthma. However, despite its importance, the mechanism for NF-κB activation in asthma has not yet been determined. OBJECTIVE To examine the role of IgE and IgG antibodies (Abs) in the activation of NF-κB in mouse lungs. METHODS To examine the effect of IgE, mice underwent intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of an IgE immune complex (IgE-IC) (anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl hapten (DNP) IgE + DNP-BSA or DNP-OVA) and anaphylactogenic anti-IgE (LO-ME-2). For IgG, mice underwent i.t. instillation with a complex of anti-chicken gamma globulin (CGG) IgG1 mAb + CGG. NF-κB activation was determined by gel shift assay. Small interfering RNA was used for blockade of p50 expression. The effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockade was determined using anti-TNF Ab. A previously established murine model of asthma was used to assess airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). RESULTS A single i.t. instillation of either IgE-IC or LO-ME-2 failed to induce activation of NF-κB in the lungs. In contrast, single i.t. instillation of IgG-IC was capable of inducing NF-κB activation, as well as NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory molecules, such as TNF and CXC chemokines. Pretreatment of p50 small interfering RNA decreased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of TNF and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 induced by IgG-IC instillation. Single i.t. instillation of IgG-IC caused the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages into the airway and TNF-mediated late AHR, but failed to induce Th2 cell-mediated asthmatic phenotypes. CONCLUSION IgG, but not IgE, is the major Ab that induces not only NF-κB activation and NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory molecules in the lungs but also subsequent recruitment of inflammatory cells into the airway and TNF-mediated late AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Immunology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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44
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Leukotriene D4 enhances tumor necrosis factor-α-induced vascular endothelial growth factor production in human monocytes/macrophages. Cytokine 2011; 55:24-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. Chronic inflammation is associated with airway hyper-responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing, as well as variable airflow obstruction within the lung. With time, such airflow obstruction may become permanent due to remodeling. It has been treated for more than 100 years by subcutaneous immunotherapy with allergen extracts but in recent years, other forms and types of immunotherapy have been introduced. Perhaps the most successful of these to date, is sublingual immunotherapy, which has attained significant usage in European countries but has yet to make inroads into clinical practice in North America. Other mechanisms to modify the inflammatory responses of asthma have included immunotherapy with recombinant allergens, the use of allergen peptides targeting antigen-specific T cells and the administration of Toll-like receptor agonists coupled to allergen proteins. As the inflammatory responses in asthma frequently involve IgE, a modified monoclonal antibody to IgE and interfering with its binding to the IgE receptor have gained acceptance for treating severe allergic asthma. Other monoclonal antibodies or recombinant receptor antagonists are being assessed for their ability to block other contributors to the inflammatory response. Finally, attempts have been made to generate autoantibody responses to cytokines implicated in asthma. Most of these therapies aim to modify or inhibit the so-called Th 2 immune response, which is implicated in many forms of asthma, or to inhibit cytokines involved in these responses. However, an added benefit of classical immunotherapy seems to be the ability to prevent the allergic progression to new sensitivities and new forms of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Warrington
- University of Manitoba, GC319, 820 Sherbook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada.
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46
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Damera G, Panettieri RA. Does airway smooth muscle express an inflammatory phenotype in asthma? Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:68-80. [PMID: 21175578 PMCID: PMC3085869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to hyperresponsiveness in asthma, airway smooth muscle (ASM) also manifests an inflammatory phenotype characterized by augmented expression of mediators that enhance inflammation, contribute to tissue remodelling and augment leucocyte trafficking and activity. Our present review summarizes contemporary understanding of ASM-derived mediators and their paracrine and autocrine actions in airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Damera
- Airways Biology Initiative, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Airways Biology Initiative, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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47
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Stratified medicine in selecting biologics for the treatment of severe asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 11:58-63. [PMID: 21150434 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e3283423245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite optimal treatment, asthma symptoms in about 5-10% of patients remain poorly controlled. Apart from having an impact on their asthma-related quality of life and adverse effects of the medications used (especially corticosteroids), their severe symptoms also impact healthcare resources due to frequent admission and requirement for intensive medications use. The last decade has seen an improved understanding in the pathophysiology of the complex cellular and molecular networks involved in the inflammatory and immunological phenotype of severe asthma. This knowledge may help providing strategies by which these phenotypes operate and pave the way for drug development and individualized treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Here we review the current evidence of biological agents in patients with severe asthma recently assessed for safety and efficacy. Some of these agents have shown to be useful in specifically targeted subpopulations of patients with severe asthma, whereas others have proven to be unsafe and/or unsuccessful. In addition, we discuss recent data on clinical and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic aspects of omalizumab, the only licensed anti-IgE therapy for severe atopic asthma. SUMMARY More basic science work is required to improve the current understanding of severe asthma pathophysiology and proof-of-concept clinical studies are required to explore relevant biomolecular targets in this small subset of patients. At present, only one drug is licensed for allergic asthmatic patients with severe disease, omalizumab. Novel therapies in the form of oligonucleotide therapies and other biological agents are also being investigated in the difficult-to-treat asthmatic patient group.
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Babu SK, Puddicombe SM, Arshad HH, Wilson SJ, Ward J, Gozzard N, Higgs G, Holgate ST, Davies DE. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) autoregulates its expression and induces adhesion molecule expression in asthma. Clin Immunol 2011; 140:18-25. [PMID: 21459047 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Subjects with mild asthma underwent repeated low-dose allergen exposure and bronchial biopsies were examined for the expression of TNF-α and adhesion molecules. Bronchial biopsies from moderately severe asthmatics were then tested in an explant culture system to assess the effect of Der p and CDP-870, a TNF-α blocking pegylated-antibody Fab, on expression of TNF-α and adhesion molecules. Low-dose allergen challenge significantly upregulated sub-mucosal mast cells, TNF-α(+) cells, and VCAM. When bronchial explants were exposed to Der p and CDP 870 for 24h, CDP 870 caused a significant reduction in TNF-α release both at baseline and following stimulation with Der p allergen. The bronchial biopsies showed significant upregulation of TNF-α positive cells and ICAM-1 following exposure to Der p (p=0.03) and this was reduced in the presence of CDP-870. So, allergen exposure up-regulates TNF-α expression in asthma and down-stream targets, including adhesion molecules that contribute to airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Babu
- The Brooke Laboratories, Division of Infection, Inflammation, and Repair, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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Kobayashi M, Kubo S, Iwata M, Ohtsu Y, Takahashi K, Shimizu Y. ASP3258, an orally active potent phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with low emetic activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:732-9. [PMID: 21315169 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the pharmacology of a novel phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitor, ASP3258 (3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-ethyl-7-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl] propanoic acid), comparing its potency with that of the most advanced PDE4 inhibitors, roflumilast and cilomilast. PDE4 inhibition by ASP3258 (IC(50)=0.28nM) was as potent as that achieved with roflumilast. ASP3258 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in rat whole blood cells (IC(50)=8.8 nM) and rat alveolar macrophages (IC(50)=2.6 nM). Orally administered ASP3258, roflumilast, and cilomilast dose-dependently inhibited production of interleukin-4, TNF-α, and cysteinyl leukotrienes, as well as leukocyte infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the airways of ovalbumin-sensitized Brown Norway rats, and these compounds showed almost complete inhibition at doses of 3, 3, and 30 mg/kg, respectively. PDE4 inhibitors induce emesis by mimicking the pharmacological action of α(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist. However, orally administered roflumilast (3mg/kg) and cilomilast (10mg/kg), but not ASP3258 (3mg/kg), inhibited α(2)-adrenoceptor agonist-induced anesthesia in rats and induced emesis in ferrets. Although ASP3258 (3mg/kg) inhibited airway inflammation completely, it had no emetic activity. As such, this compound may be useful in treating airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Kobayashi
- Pharmacology Research Labs, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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50
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Chen X, Xiong L, Qin S, Ma W, Zhou Q. Effect of tumor necrosis factor-α antagonism in asthma: a meta-analysis of the published literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:137-141. [PMID: 21336739 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It remains controversial whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonism is effective for asthma. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate efficacy of TNF-α antagonism in treatment of patients with asthma. MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and CINAHL databases were searched for English-language studies published through January 3, 2010. Randomized-controlled trials comparing TNF-α antagonism with control therapy were selected. For each report, data were extracted in relation to the outcomes analyzed: asthma exacerbation, asthma quality of life questionnaire scores, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Four assessable trials were identified including 641 patients with asthma. TNF-α antagonism therapy was superior to control therapy in preventing exacerbations in asthmatics [pooled odds ratio 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.29-0.88), P=0.02]; however, there was a nonsignificant reduction in asthma quality of life questionnaire scores [0.23 (0 to 0.47), P=0.05], forced expiratory volume in 1 second [0.03, (-0.14 to 0.10), P=0.74] when analyzed using standardized mean differences. TNF-α antagonism was superior to control chemotherapy in terms of asthma exacerbation, but not asthma quality of life questionnaire scores or forced expiratory volume in 1 second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Union Hospital, Key Lab of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Union Hospital, Key Lab of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shouming Qin
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Union Hospital, Key Lab of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Union Hospital, Key Lab of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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