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Stella J, Abdelaal MAME, Kamal MAM, Shehu K, Alhayek A, Haupenthal J, Hirsch AK, Schneider M. Spray drying of a zinc complexing agent for inhalation therapy of pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 202:106891. [PMID: 39233259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis, a disabling lung disease, results from the fibrotic transformation of lung tissue. This fibrotic transformation leads to a deterioration of lung capacity, resulting in significant respiratory distress and a reduction in overall quality of life. Currently, the frontline treatment of pulmonary fibrosis remains limited, focusing primarily on symptom relief and slowing disease progression. Bacterial infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are contributing to a severe progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Phytic acid, a natural chelator of zinc, which is essential for the activation of metalloproteinase enzymes involved in pulmonary fibrosis, shows potential inhibition of LasB, a virulence factor in P. aeruginosa, and mammalian metalloproteases (MMPs). In addition, phytic acid has anti-inflammatory properties believed to result from its ability to capture free radicals, inhibit certain inflammatory enzymes and proteins, and reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines, key signaling molecules that promote inflammation. To achieve higher local concentrations in the deep lung, phytic acid was spray dried into an inhalable powder. Challenges due to its hygroscopic and low melting (25 °C) nature were mitigated by converting it to sodium phytate to improve crystallinity and powder characteristics. The addition of leucine improved aerodynamic properties and reduced agglomeration, while mannitol served as carrier matrix. Size variation was achieved by modifying process parameters and were evaluated by tools such as the Next Generation Impactor (NGI), light diffraction methods, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An inhibition assay for human MMP-1 (collagenase-1) and MMP-2 (gelatinase A) allowed estimation of the biological effect on tissue remodeling enzymes. The activity was also assessed with respect to inhibition of bacterial LasB. The formulated phytic acid demonstrated an IC50 of 109.7 µg/mL for LasB with viabilities > 80 % up to 188 µg/mL on A549 cells. Therefore, inhalation therapy with phytic acid-based powder shows promise as a treatment for early-stage Pseudomonas-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Stella
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | | | - Mohamed Ashraf Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Kristela Shehu
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany; INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Alaa Alhayek
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Anna K Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany.
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Ren Y, You X, Zhu R, Li D, Wang C, He Z, Hu Y, Li Y, Liu X, Li Y. Mutation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lasI/rhlI diminishes its cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis on THP-1 macrophages. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0414623. [PMID: 39162513 PMCID: PMC11448257 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04146-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections presents a substantial challenge to clinics and public health, emphasizing the urgent need for innovative strategies to address this issue. Quorum sensing (QS) is an intercellular communication mechanism that coordinates bacterial activities involved in various virulence mechanisms, such as acquiring host nutrients, facilitating biofilm formation, enhancing motility, secreting virulence factors, and evading host immune responses, all of which play a crucial role in the colonization and infection of P. aeruginosa. The LasI/R and RhlI/R sub-systems dominate in the QS system of P. aeruginosa. Macrophages play a pivotal role in the host's innate immune response to P. aeruginosa invasion, particularly through phagocytosis as the initial host defense mechanism. This study investigated the effects of P. aeruginosa's QS system on THP-1 macrophages. Mutants of PAO1 with lasI/rhlI deletion, as well as their corresponding complemented strains, were obtained, and significant downregulation of QS-related genes was observed in the mutants. Furthermore, the ΔlasI and ΔlasIΔrhlI mutants exhibited significantly attenuated virulence in terms of biofilm formation, extracellular polymeric substances synthesis, bacterial adhesion, motility, and virulence factors production. When infected with ΔlasI and ΔlasIΔrhlI mutants, THP-1 macrophages exhibited enhanced scavenging ability against the mutants and demonstrated resistance to cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis induced by the culture supernatants of these mutant strains. These findings offer novel insights into the mechanisms underlying how the lasI/rhlI mutation attenuates cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in macrophages induced by P. aeruginosa.IMPORTANCEP. aeruginosa is classified as one of the ESKAPE pathogens and poses a global public health concern. The QS system of this versatile pathogen contributes to a broad spectrum of virulence, thereby constraining therapeutic options for serious infections. This study illustrated that the lasI/rhlI mutation of the QS system plays a prominent role in attenuating the virulence of P. aeruginosa by affecting bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, extracellular polymeric substances synthesis, bacterial motility, and virulence factors' production. Notably, THP-1 macrophages infected with mutant strains exhibited increased phagocytic activity in eliminating intracellular bacteria and enhanced resistance to cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. These findings suggest that targeted intervention toward the QS system is anticipated to diminish the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa to THP-1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Ren
- Dazhou integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine & Western Medicine Hospital, Dazhou Second People's Hospital, Dazhou, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan You
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhenghzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhenghzhou, China
| | - Dengzhou Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhenghzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhenghzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang He
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhenghzhou, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhenghzhou, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhenghzhou, China
| | - Yongwei Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhenghzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes &Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Identification of Pathogenic Microbes, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Antibiotics-Resistant Bacterial Infection Prevention & Therapy with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Guo L, Ruan Q, Ma D, Wen J. Revealing quorum-sensing networks in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections through internal and external signals to prevent new resistance trends. Microbiol Res 2024; 289:127915. [PMID: 39342746 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
In the context of growing antibiotic resistance in bacteria, the quorum-sensing (QS) system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) has become a target for new therapeutic strategies. QS is a crucial communication process and an essential pathogenic mechanism. This comprehensive review explores the critical role of QS in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infections, including lung, burn, bloodstream, gastrointestinal, corneal, and urinary tract infections. In addition, this review delves into the complexity of the bacterial QS communication network and highlights the intricate mechanisms underlying these pathological processes. Notably, in addition to the four main QS systems, bacterial QS can interact with various external and internal signaling networks, such as host environments and nutrients in the external microbiome, as well as internal virulence regulation systems within bacteria. These elements can significantly influence the behavior and virulence of microbial communities. Therefore, this review reveals that inhibitors targeting singular QS pathways may inadvertently promote virulence in other pathways, leading to new trends in drug resistance. In response to evolving resistance challenges, this study proposes more cautious treatment strategies, including multitarget interventions and combination therapies, aimed at combating the escalating issue of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Ruan
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Yuan J, Mo Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q. HMGB1 derived from lung epithelial cells after cobalt nanoparticle exposure promotes the activation of lung fibroblasts. Nanotoxicology 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39295432 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2404074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that exposure to cobalt nanoparticles (Nano-Co) caused extensive interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse lungs. However, the underlying mechanisms of Nano-Co-induced pulmonary fibrosis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the epithelial cell-fibroblast crosstalk in Nano-Co-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Our results showed that Nano-Co exposure caused remarkable production and release of HMGB1, as well as nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) in a dose- and a time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with CAY10585, an inhibitor against HIF-1α, significantly blocked the overexpression of HMGB1 in cell lysate and the release of HMGB1 in the supernatant of BEAS-2B cells induced by Nano-Co exposure, indicating that Nano-Co exposure induces HIF-1α-dependent HMGB1 overexpression and release. In addition, treatment of lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) with conditioned media from Nano-Co-exposed BEAS-2B cells caused increased RAGE expression, MAPK signaling activation, and enhanced expression of fibrosis-associated proteins, such as fibronectin, collagen 1, and α-SMA. However, conditioned media from Nano-Co-exposed BEAS-2B cells with HMGB1 knockdown had no effects on the activation of MRC-5 fibroblasts. Finally, inhibition of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK all abolished MRC-5 activation induced by conditioned media from Nano-Co-exposed BEAS-2B cells, suggesting that MAPK signaling might be a key downstream signal of HMGB1/RAGE to promote MRC-5 fibroblast activation. These findings have important implications for understanding the pro-fibrotic potential of Nano-Co.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yiqun Mo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yuanbao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Liu Z, Sun L, Li L, Miao EA, Amer AO, Wozniak DJ, Wen H. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mediates Host Necroptosis through Rhl-Pqs Quorum Sensing Interaction. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:721-728. [PMID: 39312394 PMCID: PMC11447673 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients. Quorum sensing (QS), a communication system evolved by P. aeruginosa to survey its density, is well acknowledged to be involved in various activities during bacterial infection. Recent studies have revealed the link between P. aeruginosa QS and host innate immune response. Previous evidence suggests that programmed cell death exists in response to P. aeruginosa infection. However, it remains unclear whether QS plays a role in the host programmed cell death process during the infection. In this study, we found that the deficiency of one of QS subsystems, rhl, markedly increased mouse bone marrow macrophage cell death induced by P. aeruginosa, which was accompanied by elevated phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL. This highly increased necroptosis activation was caused by the upregulation of another QS subsystem, pqs, because the deletion of pqs in rhl-deficient P. aeruginosa abolished macrophage necroptosis in vitro and in vivo. In sum, our data highlight the cross-talk between P. aeruginosa QS and host necroptosis, which is executed through the rhl-pqs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lupeng Li
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Amal O Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Haitao Wen
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
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Cianciotto NP. The type II secretion system as an underappreciated and understudied mediator of interbacterial antagonism. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0020724. [PMID: 38980047 PMCID: PMC11320942 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00207-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Interbacterial antagonism involves all major phyla, occurs across the full range of ecological niches, and has great significance for the environment, clinical arena, and agricultural and industrial sectors. Though the earliest insight into interbacterial antagonism traces back to the discovery of antibiotics, a paradigm shift happened when it was learned that protein secretion systems (e.g., types VI and IV secretion systems) deliver toxic "effectors" against competitors. However, a link between interbacterial antagonism and the Gram-negative type II secretion system (T2SS), which exists in many pathogens and environmental species, is not evident in prior reviews on bacterial competition or T2SS function. A current examination of the literature revealed four examples of a T2SS or one of its known substrates having a bactericidal activity against a Gram-positive target or another Gram-negative. When further studied, the T2SS effectors proved to be peptidases that target the peptidoglycan of the competitor. There are also reports of various bacteriolytic enzymes occurring in the culture supernatants of some other Gram-negative species, and a link between these bactericidal activities and T2SS is suggested. Thus, a T2SS can be a mediator of interbacterial antagonism, and it is possible that many T2SSs have antibacterial outputs. Yet, at present, the T2SS remains relatively understudied for its role in interbacterial competition. Arguably, there is a need to analyze the T2SSs of a broader range of species for their role in interbacterial antagonism. Such investigation offers, among other things, a possible pathway toward developing new antimicrobials for treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Cianciotto
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Brax S, Gaudin C, Calmel C, Boëlle PY, Corvol H, Ruffin M, Guillot L. Septin-dependent defense mechanisms against Pseudomonas aeruginosa are stalled in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151416. [PMID: 38636185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells form a physical barrier against inhaled pathogens and coordinate innate immune responses in the lungs. Bronchial cells in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) are colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa because of the accumulation of mucus in the lower airways and an altered immune response. This leads to chronic inflammation, lung tissue damage, and accelerated decline in lung function. Thus, identifying the molecular factors involved in the host response in the airways is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies. The septin (SEPT) cytoskeleton is involved in tissue barrier integrity and anti-infective responses. SEPT7 is critical for maintaining SEPT complexes and for sensing pathogenic microbes. In the lungs, SEPT7 may be involved in the epithelial barrier resistance to infection; however, its role in cystic fibrosis (CF) P. aeruginosa infection is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of SEPT7 in controlling P. aeruginosa infection in bronchial epithelial cells, particularly in CF. The study findings showed that SEPT7 encages P. aeruginosa in bronchial epithelial cells and its inhibition downregulates the expression of other SEPTs. In addition, P. aeruginosa does not regulate SEPT7 expression. Finally, we found that inhibiting SEPT7 expression in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B 16HBE14o- and primary cells) resulted in higher levels of internalized P. aeruginosa and decreased IL-6 production during infection, suggesting a crucial role of SEPT7 in the host response against this bacterium. However, these effects were not observed in the CF cells (16HBE14o-/F508del and primary cells) which may explain the persistence of infection in pwCF. The study findings suggest the modification of SEPT7 expression as a potential approach for the anti-infective control of P. aeruginosa, particularly in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Brax
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris F-75012, France.
| | - Clémence Gaudin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris F-75012, France.
| | - Claire Calmel
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris F-75012, France.
| | - Pierre-Yves Boëlle
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Paris F-75012, France.
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris F-75012, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Paris F-75012, France.
| | - Manon Ruffin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris F-75012, France.
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris F-75012, France.
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Gaudin C, Ghinnagow R, Lemaire F, Villeret B, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Sallenave JM. Abnormal functional lymphoid tolerance and enhanced myeloid exocytosis are characteristics of resting and stimulated PBMCs in cystic fibrosis patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360716. [PMID: 38469306 PMCID: PMC10925672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the commonest genetically inherited disease (1 in 4,500 newborns) and 70% of people with CF (pwCF) harbour the F508Del mutation, resulting in misfolding and incorrect addressing of the channel CFTR to the epithelial membrane and subsequent dysregulation of fluid homeostasis. Although studies have underscored the importance and over-activation of myeloid cells, and in particular neutrophils in the lungs of people with CF (pwCF), relatively less emphasis has been put on the potential immunological bias in CF blood cells, at homeostasis or following stimulation/infection. Methods Here, we revisited, in an exhaustive fashion, in pwCF with mild disease (median age of 15, median % FEV1 predicted = 87), whether their PBMCs, unprimed or primed with a 'non specific' stimulus (PMA+ionomycin mix) and a 'specific' one (live P.a =PAO1 strain), were differentially activated, compared to healthy controls (HC) PBMCs. Results 1) we analysed the lymphocytic and myeloid populations present in CF and Control PBMCs (T cells, NKT, Tgd, ILCs) and their production of the signature cytokines IFN-g, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22. 2) By q-PCR, ELISA and Luminex analysis we showed that CF PBMCs have increased background cytokines and mediators production and a partial functional tolerance phenotype, when restimulated. 3) we showed that CF PBMCs low-density neutrophils release higher levels of granule components (S100A8/A9, lactoferrin, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, NE), demonstrating enhanced exocytosis of potentially harmful mediators. Discussion In conclusion, we demonstrated that functional lymphoid tolerance and enhanced myeloid protease activity are key features of cystic fibrosis PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Gaudin
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Physiopathologie et Épidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Reem Ghinnagow
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Physiopathologie et Épidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Flora Lemaire
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Physiopathologie et Épidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bérengère Villeret
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Physiopathologie et Épidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- ERN-LUNG CF Network, Frankfurt, Germany
- Centre de Ressources et de Compétence de la Mucoviscidose Pédiatrique, Hôpital Mignot, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Physiopathologie et Épidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
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9
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Cholon DM, Greenwald MA, Higgs MG, Quinney NL, Boyles SE, Meinig SL, Minges JT, Chaubal A, Tarran R, Ribeiro CMP, Wolfgang MC, Gentzsch M. A Novel Co-Culture Model Reveals Enhanced CFTR Rescue in Primary Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cultures with Persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. Cells 2023; 12:2618. [PMID: 37998353 PMCID: PMC10670530 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
People with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) suffer from chronic and recurring bacterial lung infections that begin very early in life and contribute to progressive lung failure. CF is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which encodes an ion channel important for maintaining the proper hydration of pulmonary surfaces. When CFTR function is ablated or impaired, airways develop thickened, adherent mucus that contributes to a vicious cycle of infection and inflammation. Therapeutics for pwCF, called CFTR modulators, target the CFTR defect directly, restoring airway surface hydration and mucociliary clearance. However, even with CFTR modulator therapy, bacterial infections persist. To develop a relevant model of diseased airway epithelium, we established a primary human airway epithelium culture system with persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. We used this model to examine the effects of CFTR modulators on CFTR maturation, CFTR function, and bacterial persistence. We found that the presence of P. aeruginosa increased CFTR mRNA, protein, and function. We also found that CFTR modulators caused a decrease in P. aeruginosa burden. These results demonstrate the importance of including live bacteria to accurately model the CF lung, and that understanding the effects of infection on CFTR rescue by CFTR modulators is critical to evaluating and optimizing drug therapies for all pwCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M. Cholon
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Matthew A. Greenwald
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew G. Higgs
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nancy L. Quinney
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Susan E. Boyles
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Suzanne L. Meinig
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Pharmaceutical Product Development (PPD), Thermo Fisher Scientific, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - John T. Minges
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Ashlesha Chaubal
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Division of Genetic, Department of Internal Medicine, Environmental and Inhalational Disease, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Carla M. P. Ribeiro
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew C. Wolfgang
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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10
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Kolling D, Haupenthal J, Hirsch AKH, Koehnke J. Facile Production of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence Factor LasB in Escherichia coli for Structure-Based Drug Design. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300185. [PMID: 37195753 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a number of virulence factors at its disposal that play crucial roles in the progression of infection. LasB is one of the major virulence factors and exerts its effects through elastolytic and proteolytic activities aimed at dissolving connective tissue and inactivating host defense proteins. LasB is of great interest for the development of novel pathoblockers to temper the virulence, but access has thus far largely been limited to protein isolated from Pseudomonas cultures. Here, we describe a new protocol for high-level production of native LasB in Escherichia coli. We demonstrate that this facile approach is suitable for the production of mutant, thus far inaccessible LasB variants, and characterize the proteins biochemically and structurally. We expect that easy access to LasB will accelerate the development of inhibitors for this important virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kolling
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123, Saarbrücken, UK
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123, Saarbrücken, UK
| | - Jesko Koehnke
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, G12 800, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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11
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Llanos A, Achard P, Bousquet J, Lozano C, Zalacain M, Sable C, Revillet H, Murris M, Mittaine M, Lemonnier M, Everett M. Higher levels of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasB elastase expression are associated with early-stage infection in cystic fibrosis patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14208. [PMID: 37648735 PMCID: PMC10468528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and a major contributor to progressive lung damage. P. aeruginosa elastase (LasB), a key virulence factor, has been identified as a potential target for anti-virulence therapy. Here, we sought to differentiate the P. aeruginosa isolates from early versus established stages of infection in CF patients and to determine if LasB was associated with either stage. The lasB gene was amplified from 255 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates from 70 CF patients from the Toulouse region (France). Nine LasB variants were identified and 69% of the isolates produced detectable levels of LasB activity. Hierarchical clustering using experimental and clinical data distinguished two classes of isolates, designated as 'Early' and 'Established' infection. Multivariate analysis revealed that the isolates from the Early infection class show higher LasB activity, fast growth, tobramycin susceptibility, non-mucoid, pigmented colonies and wild-type lasR genotype. These traits were associated with younger patients with polymicrobial infections and high pFEV1. Our findings show a correlation between elevated LasB activity in P. aeruginosa isolates and early-stage infection in CF patients. Hence, it is this patient group, prior to the onset of chronic disease, that may benefit most from novel therapies targeting LasB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Llanos
- Antabio SAS, Biostep, 436, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31760, Labège, France.
| | - Pauline Achard
- Antabio SAS, Biostep, 436, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31760, Labège, France
| | - Justine Bousquet
- Antabio SAS, Biostep, 436, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31760, Labège, France
| | - Clarisse Lozano
- Antabio SAS, Biostep, 436, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31760, Labège, France
| | - Magdalena Zalacain
- Antabio SAS, Biostep, 436, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31760, Labège, France
| | - Carole Sable
- Antabio SAS, Biostep, 436, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31760, Labège, France
| | - Hélène Revillet
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Murris
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Pulmonology Unit, Hôpital Larrey, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Marc Lemonnier
- Antabio SAS, Biostep, 436, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31760, Labège, France
| | - Martin Everett
- Antabio SAS, Biostep, 436, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31760, Labège, France
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12
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Zeng S, Shi Q, Liu Y, Li M, Lin D, Zhang S, Li Q, Pu J, Shen C, Huang B, Chen C, Zeng J. The small RNA PrrH of Pseudomonas aeruginosa regulates hemolysis and oxidative resistance in bloodstream infection. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106124. [PMID: 37105322 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) regulate multiple physiological functions in bacteria, and sRNA PrrH can regulate iron homeostasis and virulence. However, the function of PrrH in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bloodstream infection (BSI) is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PrrH in P. aeruginosa BSI model. First, P. aeruginosa PAO1 was co-cultured with peripheral blood cells for 6 h qRT-PCR results showed a transient up-regulation of PrrH expression at 1 h. Simultaneously, the expression of iron uptake genes fpvA, pvdS and phuR was upregulated. In addition, the use of iron chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl to create low-iron conditions caused up-regulation of PrrH expression, a result similar to the BSI model. Furthermore, the addition of FeCl3 was found to decrease PrrH expression. These results support the hypothesis that the expression of PrrH is regulated by iron in BSI model. Then, to clarify the effect of PrrH on major cells in the blood, we used PrrH mutant, overexpressing and wild-type strains to act separately on erythrocytes and neutrophils. On one hand, the hemolysis assay revealed that PrrH contributes to the hemolytic activity of PAO1, and its effect was dependent on the T3SS system master regulator gene exsA, yet had no association with the hemolytic phospholipase C (plcH), pldA, and lasB elastase genes. On the other hand, PrrH mutant enhanced the oxidative resistance of PAO1 in the neutrophils co-culture assay, H2O2-treated growth curve and conventional plate spotting assays. Furthermore, the katA was predicted to be a target gene of PrrH by bioinformatics software, and then verified by qPCR and GFP reporter system. In summary, dynamic changes in the expression of prrH are iron-regulated during PAO1 bloodstream infection. In addition, PrrH promotes the hemolytic activity of P. aeruginosa in an exsA-dependent manner and negatively regulates katA to reduce the oxidative tolerance of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghe Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qixuan Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - YinZhen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Dongling Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Shebin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qiwei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jieying Pu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Cha Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Jianming Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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13
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Godbold GD, Hewitt FC, Kappell AD, Scholz MB, Agar SL, Treangen TJ, Ternus KL, Sandbrink JB, Koblentz GD. Improved understanding of biorisk for research involving microbial modification using annotated sequences of concern. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1124100. [PMID: 37180048 PMCID: PMC10167326 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1124100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of research on microbes that cause disease in humans has historically been focused on taxonomic lists of 'bad bugs'. However, given our increased knowledge of these pathogens through inexpensive genome sequencing, 5 decades of research in microbial pathogenesis, and the burgeoning capacity of synthetic biologists, the limitations of this approach are apparent. With heightened scientific and public attention focused on biosafety and biosecurity, and an ongoing review by US authorities of dual-use research oversight, this article proposes the incorporation of sequences of concern (SoCs) into the biorisk management regime governing genetic engineering of pathogens. SoCs enable pathogenesis in all microbes infecting hosts that are 'of concern' to human civilization. Here we review the functions of SoCs (FunSoCs) and discuss how they might bring clarity to potentially problematic research outcomes involving infectious agents. We believe that annotation of SoCs with FunSoCs has the potential to improve the likelihood that dual use research of concern is recognized by both scientists and regulators before it occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stacy L. Agar
- Signature Science, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Todd J. Treangen
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Jonas B. Sandbrink
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory D. Koblentz
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, United States
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14
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Pellielo G, Agyapong ED, Pinton P, Rimessi A. Control of mitochondrial functions by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 377:19-43. [PMID: 37268349 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease characterized by mutations of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which lead to a dysfunctional chloride and bicarbonate channel. Abnormal mucus viscosity, persistent infections and hyperinflammation that preferentially affect the airways, referred to the pathogenesis of CF lung disease. It has largely demonstrated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) represents the most important pathogen that affect CF patients, leading to worsen inflammation by stimulating pro-inflammatory mediators release and tissue destruction. The conversion to mucoid phenotype and formation of biofilms, together with the increased frequency of mutations, are only few changes that characterize the P. aeruginosa's evolution during CF lung chronic infection. Recently, mitochondria received increasing attention due to their involvement in inflammatory-related diseases, including in CF. Alteration of mitochondrial homeostasis is sufficient to stimulate immune response. Exogenous or endogenous stimuli that perturb mitochondrial activity are used by cells, which, through the mitochondrial stress, potentiate immunity programs. Studies show the relationship between mitochondria and CF, supporting the idea that mitochondrial dysfunction endorses the exacerbation of inflammatory responses in CF lung. In particular, evidences suggest that mitochondria in CF airway cells are more susceptible to P. aeruginosa infection, with consequent detrimental effects that lead to amplify the inflammatory signals. This review discusses the evolution of P. aeruginosa in relationship with the pathogenesis of CF, a fundamental step to establish chronic infection in CF lung disease. Specifically, we focus on the role of P. aeruginosa in the exacerbation of inflammatory response, by triggering mitochondria in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pellielo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Esther Densu Agyapong
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of research for innovative therapies in cystic fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of research for innovative therapies in cystic fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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15
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Ribeiro CMP, Higgs MG, Muhlebach MS, Wolfgang MC, Borgatti M, Lampronti I, Cabrini G. Revisiting Host-Pathogen Interactions in Cystic Fibrosis Lungs in the Era of CFTR Modulators. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055010. [PMID: 36902441 PMCID: PMC10003689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, a new series of therapeutics that correct and potentiate some classes of mutations of the CFTR, have provided a great therapeutic advantage to people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). The main hindrances of the present CFTR modulators are related to their limitations in reducing chronic lung bacterial infection and inflammation, the main causes of pulmonary tissue damage and progressive respiratory insufficiency, particularly in adults with CF. Here, the most debated issues of the pulmonary bacterial infection and inflammatory processes in pwCF are revisited. Special attention is given to the mechanisms favoring the bacterial infection of pwCF, the progressive adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its interplay with Staphylococcus aureus, the cross-talk among bacteria, the bronchial epithelial cells and the phagocytes of the host immune defenses. The most recent findings of the effect of CFTR modulators on bacterial infection and the inflammatory process are also presented to provide critical hints towards the identification of relevant therapeutic targets to overcome the respiratory pathology of pwCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. P. Ribeiro
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (C.M.P.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Matthew G. Higgs
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marianne S. Muhlebach
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew C. Wolfgang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Innthera4CF, Center on Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Innthera4CF, Center on Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Innthera4CF, Center on Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.M.P.R.); (G.C.)
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16
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Everett MJ, Davies DT, Leiris S, Sprynski N, Llanos A, Castandet J, Lozano C, LaRock CN, LaRock DL, Corsica G, Docquier JD, Pallin TD, Cridland A, Blench T, Zalacain M, Lemonnier M. Chemical Optimization of Selective Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasB Elastase Inhibitors and Their Impact on LasB-Mediated Activation of IL-1β in Cellular and Animal Infection Models. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:270-282. [PMID: 36669138 PMCID: PMC9926489 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
LasB elastase is a broad-spectrum exoprotease and a key virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major pathogen causing lung damage and inflammation in acute and chronic respiratory infections. Here, we describe the chemical optimization of specific LasB inhibitors with druglike properties and investigate their impact in cellular and animal models of P. aeruginosa infection. Competitive inhibition of LasB was demonstrated through structural and kinetic studies. In vitro LasB inhibition was confirmed with respect to several host target proteins, namely, elastin, IgG, and pro-IL-1β. Furthermore, inhibition of LasB-mediated IL-1β activation was demonstrated in macrophage and mouse lung infection models. In mice, intravenous administration of inhibitors also resulted in reduced bacterial numbers at 24 h. These highly potent, selective, and soluble LasB inhibitors constitute valuable tools to study the proinflammatory impact of LasB in P. aeruginosa infections and, most importantly, show clear potential for the clinical development of a novel therapy for life-threatening respiratory infections caused by this opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Everett
- Antabio
SAS, Biostep, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France,
| | - David T. Davies
- Antabio
SAS, Biostep, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | - Simon Leiris
- Antabio
SAS, Biostep, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | - Nicolas Sprynski
- Antabio
SAS, Biostep, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | - Agustina Llanos
- Antabio
SAS, Biostep, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | | | - Clarisse Lozano
- Antabio
SAS, Biostep, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | - Christopher N. LaRock
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Rollins
Research Center, 1510
Clifton Rd, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Doris L. LaRock
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Rollins
Research Center, 1510
Clifton Rd, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Giuseppina Corsica
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università
degli Studi di Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jean-Denis Docquier
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università
degli Studi di Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy,Centre
d’Ingénierie des Protéines - InBioS, University of Liège, Allée du six Août 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas D. Pallin
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8-9 The Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, U.K.
| | - Andrew Cridland
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8-9 The Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, U.K.
| | - Toby Blench
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8-9 The Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, U.K.
| | - Magdalena Zalacain
- Antabio
SAS, Biostep, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
| | - Marc Lemonnier
- Antabio
SAS, Biostep, 436 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labège, France
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17
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Zhou H, Qian Y, Liu J. MicroRNA-127 promotes anti-microbial ability in porcine alveolar macrophages via S1PR3/TLR signaling pathway. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e20. [PMID: 37012029 PMCID: PMC10071279 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As Actinobacillus pleuropneumonniae (APP) infection causes considerable losses in the pig industry, there is a growing need to develop effective therapeutic interventions that leverage host immune defense mechanisms to combat these pathogens. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the role of microRNA (miR)-127 in controlling bacterial infection against APP. Moreover, to investigate a signaling pathway in macrophages that controls the production of anti-microbial peptides. METHODS Firstly, we evaluated the effect of miR-127 on APP-infected pigs by cell count/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then the impact of miR-127 on immune cells was detected. The cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were evaluated by ELISA. The expression of cytokines (anti-microbial peptides [AMPs]) was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression level of IL-6, TNF-α and p-P65 were analyzed by western blot. The expression of p65 in the immune cells was investigated by immunofluorescence. RESULTS miR-127 showed a protective effect on APP-infected macrophage. Moreover, the protective effect might depend on its regulation of macrophage bactericidal activity and the generation of IL-22, IL-17 and AMPs by targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor3 (SIPR3), the element involved in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) cascades. CONCLUSIONS Together, we identify that miR-127 is a regulator of S1PR3 and then regulates TLR/nuclear factor-κB signaling in macrophages with anti-bacterial acticity, and it might be a potential target for treating inflammatory diseases caused by APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhou
- School of Pet Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Yujia Qian
- Taizhou Jianyouda Pharma Co., LTD, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pet Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College Jiangsu 225300, China
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18
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Grace A, Sahu R, Owen DR, Dennis VA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa reference strains PAO1 and PA14: A genomic, phenotypic, and therapeutic review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1023523. [PMID: 36312971 PMCID: PMC9607943 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1023523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous, motile, gram-negative bacterium that has been recently identified as a multi-drug resistant pathogen in critical need of novel therapeutics. Of the approximately 5,000 strains, PAO1 and PA14 are common laboratory reference strains, modeling moderately and hyper-virulent phenotypes, respectively. PAO1 and PA14 have been instrumental in facilitating the discovery of novel drug targets, testing novel therapeutics, and supplying critical genomic information on the bacterium. While the two strains have contributed to a wide breadth of knowledge on the natural behaviors and therapeutic susceptibilities of P. aeruginosa, they have demonstrated significant deviations from observations in human infections. Many of these deviations are related to experimental inconsistencies in laboratory strain environment that complicate and, at times, terminate translation from laboratory results to clinical applications. This review aims to provide a comparative analysis of the two strains and potential methods to improve their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Grace
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, United States
| | - Rajnish Sahu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, United States
| | | | - Vida A. Dennis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Vida A. Dennis,
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19
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Elwakil BH, Bakr BA, Aljeldah MM, Shehata NS, Shahin YH, Olama ZA, Augustyniak M, Aboul-Soud MAM, El Wakil A. Memory Impairment, Pro-Inflammatory Host Response and Brain Histopathologic Severity in Rats Infected with K. pneumoniae or P. aeruginosa Meningitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:933. [PMID: 36015052 PMCID: PMC9416464 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has lately become a prevalent cause of the central nervous system (CNS) infection. Bacterial invasion into the subarachnoid space prompts the releasing mechanism of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The present study aimed to compare K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa meningitis concerning the memory, pro-inflammatory mediators and brain histopathological changes at different time intervals in adult Albino rats. The animals were sacrificed at three time intervals comprising 5, 10 and 15 days after meningitis induction. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, relative brain weights, complete blood analysis, biochemical markers, levels of cytokine, chemokine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotransmitter acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, and the brain histopathology of the infected rats in comparison to those in the control group were assessed. There was a significant increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and AChE after 5 days of bacterial meningitis infection with both K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The histopathological analysis of the cerebral cortex in the P. aeruginosa meningitis model at different time intervals revealed abundant numbers of dilated and congested blood vessels with severe hemorrhage, cerebral infarct, intracellular and extracellular vacuoles, and gliosis. Fifteen days post infection, a significant reduction in the brain tissue weight was observed. The meningitis model employing P. aeruginosa exhibited more evident time-dependent severity compared to K. pneumoniae, which may advocate its validity as a simple and effective research model to study meningitis of the CNS. This model may be utilized for further investigation to ascertain the molecular and biological association between bacterial meningitis and the development of the pathophysiological hallmarks underlying Alzheimer's disease in preclinical and clinical setups. Clinical extrapolation based on studies employing animal disease models should be carefully interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassma H. Elwakil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria P.O. Box 21311, Egypt
| | - Basant A. Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 21568, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M. Aljeldah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourhan S. Shehata
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria P.O. Box 21311, Egypt
| | - Yahya H. Shahin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria P.O. Box 21311, Egypt
| | - Zakia A. Olama
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 21568, Egypt
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mourad A. M. Aboul-Soud
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 21526, Egypt
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20
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A Model of Intracellular Persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Airway Epithelial Cells. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5431666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) is a major human pathogen capable of causing chronic infections in hosts with weakened barrier functions and host defenses, most notably airway infections commonly observed in individuals with the genetic disorder cystic fibrosis (CF). While mainly described as an extracellular pathogen, previous in vitro studies have described the molecular events leading to P.a. internalization in diverse epithelial cell types. However, the long-term fate of intracellular P.a. remains largely unknown. Here, we developed a model allowing for a better understanding of long-term (up to 120 h) intracellular bacterial survival in the airway epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. Using a tobramycin protection assay, we characterized the internalization, long-term intracellular survival, and cytotoxicity of the lab strain PAO1, as well as clinical CF isolates, and conducted analyses at the single-cell level using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry techniques. We observed that infection at low multiplicity of infection allows for intracellular survival up to 120 h post-infection without causing significant host cytotoxicity. Finally, infection with clinical isolates revealed significant strain-to-strain heterogeneity in intracellular survival, including a high persistence phenotype associated with bacterial replication within host cells. Future studies using this model will further elucidate the host and bacterial mechanisms that promote P. aeruginosa intracellular persistence in airway epithelial cells, a potentially unrecognized bacterial reservoir during chronic infections.
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21
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Lung Infection Subverts Lymphocytic Responses through IL-23 and IL-22 Post-Transcriptional Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158427. [PMID: 35955566 PMCID: PMC9369422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a) is a pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in hospital patients undergoing ventilation and in individuals with cystic fibrosis. Although we and others have investigated mechanisms used by P.a to subvert innate immunity, relatively less is known about the potential strategies used by this bacterium to fight the adaptive immune system and, in particular, T cells. Here, using RAG KO (devoid of ‘classical’ αβ and γδ TCR T lymphocytes) and double RAG γC KO mice (devoid of T, NK and ILC cells), we demonstrate that the lymphocytic compartment is important to combat P.a (PAO1 strain). Indeed, we show that PAO1 load was increased in double RAG γC KO mice. In addition, we show that PAO1 down-regulates IL-23 and IL-22 protein accumulation in the lungs of infected mice while up-regulating their RNA production, thereby pointing towards a specific post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism not affecting other inflammatory mediators. Finally, we demonstrate that an adenovirus-mediated over-expression of IL-1, IL-23 and IL-7 induced lung neutrophil and lymphocytic influx and rescued mice against P.a-induced lethality in all WT, RAG γC KO and RAG γC KO RAG-deficient mice, suggesting that this regimen might be of value in ‘locally immunosuppressed’ individuals such as cystic fibrosis patients.
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22
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Glasgow AMA, Greene CM. Epithelial damage in the cystic fibrosis lung: the role of host and microbial factors. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:737-748. [PMID: 35833354 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The airway epithelium is a key system within the lung. It acts as a physical barrier to inhaled factors, and can actively remove unwanted microbes and particles from the lung via the mucociliary escalator. On a physiological level, it senses the presence of pathogens and initiates innate immune responses to combat their effects. Hydration of the airways is also controlled by the epithelium. Within the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, these properties are suboptimal and contribute to the pulmonary manifestations of CF. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss how various host and microbial factors can contribute to airway epithelium dysfunction in the CF lung focusing on mechanisms relating to the mucociliary escalator and protease expression and function. We also explore how alterations in microRNA expression can impact the behavior of the airway epithelium. EXPERT OPINION Notwithstanding the unprecedented benefits that CFTR modulator drugs now provide to the health of CF sufferers, it will be important to delve more deeply into additional mechanisms underpinning CF lung disease such as those illustrated here in an attempt to counteract these aberrant processes and further enhance quality of life for people with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene M A Glasgow
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine M Greene
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Presence of quorum sensing system, virulence genes, biofilm formation and relationship among them and class 1 integron in carbapenem-resistant clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:464. [PMID: 35802194 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenems are the most effective agents for treating clinical P. aeruginosa (PsA) infections. During an infection, a quorum-sensing (QS) system and its regulating virulence genes have a great role. The aim of the study was to detect the presence of a las and rhl QS system and related virulence genes, biofilm formation and a class 1 (Cls1) integron. A total of 52 carbapenem-resistant PsA (CRPsA) isolates obtained from Kastamonu, Turkey was analyzed. For the isolation and identification of CRPsA isolates, a conventional culture method, an automated VITEK-2 compact system, and oprL gene-based molecular technique were applied. The two QS system genes were detected in 51 (98.1%), and co-existed of four two QS system genes (lasI/R and rhIl/R genes) were determined in 41 (78.8%) of the isolates. algD, lasB, toxA and aprA genes were detected in between 46.1 and 88.5%, and co-existence of four two QS system genes with four virulence genes were detected in 40.4% of the isolates. Biofilm formation using microtiter plate assay and slime production using Congo Red Agar and Cls1 integron were determined in 84.6%, 67.3% and 51.9% of the isolates, respectively. According to statistical analyses results, there was a significant positive correlation (p < .10) between the las and the rhl systems and a strongly and positive correlation (p < .01 or p < .05) between the rhl system-three virulence genes and slime production-and among some virulence genes. In conclusion, the CRPsA isolates tested in the study are highly virulent and QS systems have a significant role in pathogenesis.
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24
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Priel E, Adatia A, Kjarsgaard M, Nair P. CFTR heterozygosity in severe asthma with recurrent airway infections: a retrospective review. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2022; 18:46. [PMID: 35668512 PMCID: PMC9172019 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-022-00684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Patients with asthma who have neutrophilic bronchitis may have an underlying cause leading to increased susceptibility to airway infections. Methods Retrospective review of patients with asthma who had a previous history of recurrent exacerbations that had been associated with airway or sinus infections referred to a tertiary asthma center between 2005 and 2020. Demographics, clinical features, and airway inflammation type determined by sputum cytometry were compared between CFTR carriers and non-carriers. Multiple linear regression was used to identify clinical predictors of CFTR carrier status. Response to nebulized hypertonic saline was assessed by comparing the number of infective exacerbations before and after its initiation. Results 75 patients underwent CFTR mutation testing. Of these, 13 (17%) were CFTR carriers. The most common mutation was \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\Delta$$\end{document}ΔF508. CFTR carriers were older (adjusted odds ratio 1.06 (CI 95% 1.01, 1.13)) and had more frequent flares requiring hospitalization (4.19 (1.34, 24.74)). Neutrophilic airway inflammation was the most common inflammatory subtype in CFTR carriers, though 8/13 also had eosinophilic bronchitis. Nebulized hypertonic saline was well tolerated by most and reduced the frequency of infective exacerbations. Conclusions The prevalence of CFTR heterozygosity in this cohort with recurrent neutrophilic bronchitis is higher than in the general population. Respiratory disease in CFTR carriers is associated with older age and may cause significant morbidity. Airway neutrophilia is the most common inflammatory subtype, but > 50% had eosinophilic bronchitis requiring treatment. Hypertonic saline appears to be well tolerated and effective in reducing the number of infective exacerbations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13223-022-00684-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldar Priel
- McMaster University Department of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Adil Adatia
- McMaster University Department of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Melanie Kjarsgaard
- McMaster University Department of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- McMaster University Department of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada. .,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
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25
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Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Fibroblasts Accelerate Wound Repair of Cystic Fibrosis Epithelium. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050756. [PMID: 35629422 PMCID: PMC9144497 DOI: 10.3390/life12050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) airways are affected by a deranged repair of the damaged epithelium resulting in altered regeneration and differentiation. Previously, we showed that human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) corrected base defects of CF airway epithelial cells via connexin (CX)43-intercellular gap junction formation. In this scenario, it is unknown whether hAMSCs, or fibroblasts sharing some common characteristics with MSCs, can operate a faster repair of a damaged airway epithelium. A tip-based scratch assay was employed to study wound repair in monolayers of CFBE14o- cells (CFBE, homozygous for the F508del mutation). hAMSCs were either co-cultured with CFBE cells before the wound or added to the wounded monolayers. NIH-3T3 fibroblasts (CX43+) were added to wounded cells. HeLa cells (CX43-) were used as controls. γ-irradiation was optimized to block CFBE cell proliferation. A specific siRNA was employed to downregulate CX43 expression in CFBE cells. CFBE cells showed a delayed repair as compared with wt-CFTR cells (16HBE41o-). hAMSCs enhanced the wound repair rate of wounded CFBE cell monolayers, especially when added post wounding. hAMSCs and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, but not HeLa cells, increased wound closure of irradiated CFBE monolayers. CX43 downregulation accelerated CFBE wound repair rate without affecting cell proliferation. We conclude that hAMSCs and fibroblasts enhance the repair of a wounded CF airway epithelium, likely through a CX43-mediated mechanism mainly involving cell migration.
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26
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Bouch S, Litvack ML, Litman K, Luo L, Post A, Williston E, Park AJ, Roach EJ, Berezuk AM, Khursigara CM, Post M. Therapeutic stem cell-derived alveolar-like macrophages display bactericidal effects and resolve Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced lung injury. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3046-3059. [PMID: 35441437 PMCID: PMC9097833 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lung infections lead to greater than 4 million deaths per year with antibiotic treatments driving an increase in antibiotic resistance and a need to establish new therapeutic approaches. Recently, we have generated mouse and rat stem cell‐derived alveolar‐like macrophages (ALMs), which like primary alveolar macrophages (1'AMs), phagocytose bacteria and promote airway repair. Our aim was to further characterize ALMs and determine their bactericidal capabilities. The characterization of ALMs showed that they share known 1'AM cell surface markers, but unlike 1'AMs are highly proliferative in vitro. ALMs effectively phagocytose and kill laboratory strains of P. aeruginosa (P.A.), E. coli (E.C.) and S. aureus, and clinical strains of P.A. In vivo, ALMs remain viable, adapt additional features of native 1'AMs, but proliferation is reduced. Mouse ALMs phagocytose P.A. and E.C. and rat ALMs phagocytose and kill P.A. within the lung 24 h post‐instillation. In a pre‐clinical model of P.A.‐induced lung injury, rat ALM administration mitigated weight loss and resolved lung injury observed seven days post‐instillation. Collectively, ALMs attenuate pulmonary bacterial infections and promote airway repair. ALMs could be utilized as an alternative or adjuvant therapy where current treatments are ineffective against antibiotic‐resistant bacteria or to enhance routine antibiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Bouch
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael L Litvack
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kymberly Litman
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisha Luo
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Post
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Williston
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amber J Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elyse J Roach
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison M Berezuk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cezar M Khursigara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Post
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Cabrini G, Rimessi A, Borgatti M, Pinton P, Gambari R. Overview of CF lung pathophysiology. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 64:102214. [PMID: 35453033 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defects of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein affect the homeostasis of chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, and water in the airway surface liquid, influencing the mucus composition and viscosity, which induces a severe condition of infection and inflammation along the whole life of CF patients. The introduction of CFTR modulators, novel drugs directly intervening to rescue the function of CFTR protein, opens a new era of experimental research. The review summarizes the most recent advancements to understand the characteristics of the infective and inflammatory pathology of CF lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cabrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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28
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Arif SM, Floto RA, Blundell TL. Using Structure-guided Fragment-Based Drug Discovery to Target Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:857000. [PMID: 35433835 PMCID: PMC9006449 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.857000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is progressive genetic disease that predisposes lungs and other organs to multiple long-lasting microbial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most prevalent and deadly pathogen among these microbes. Lung function of CF patients worsens following chronic infections with P. aeruginosa and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Emergence of multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa due to intrinsic and adaptive antibiotic resistance mechanisms has failed the current anti-pseudomonal antibiotics. Hence new antibacterials are urgently needed to treat P. aeruginosa infections. Structure-guided fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is a powerful approach in the field of drug development that has succeeded in delivering six FDA approved drugs over the past 20 years targeting a variety of biological molecules. However, FBDD has not been widely used in the development of anti-pseudomonal molecules. In this review, we first give a brief overview of our structure-guided FBDD pipeline and then give a detailed account of FBDD campaigns to combat P. aeruginosa infections by developing small molecules having either bactericidal or anti-virulence properties. We conclude with a brief overview of the FBDD efforts in our lab at the University of Cambridge towards targeting P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Andres Floto
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine University of Cambridge, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Tom L. Blundell,
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29
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Oluwabusola ET, Katermeran NP, Poh WH, Goh TMB, Tan LT, Diyaolu O, Tabudravu J, Ebel R, Rice SA, Jaspars M. Inhibition of the Quorum Sensing System, Elastase Production and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Psammaplin A and Bisaprasin. Molecules 2022; 27:1721. [PMID: 35268822 PMCID: PMC8911947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products derived from marine sponges have exhibited bioactivity and, in some cases, serve as potent quorum sensing inhibitory agents that prevent biofilm formation and attenuate virulence factor expression by pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, the inhibitory activity of the psammaplin-type compounds, psammaplin A (1) and bisaprasin (2), isolated from the marine sponge, Aplysinellarhax, are evaluated in quorum sensing inhibitory assays based on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 lasB-gfp(ASV) and rhlA-gfp(ASV) biosensor strains. The results indicate that psammaplin A (1) showed moderate inhibition on lasB-gfp expression, but significantly inhibited the QS-gene promoter, rhlA-gfp, with IC50 values at 14.02 μM and 4.99 μM, respectively. In contrast, bisaprasin (2) displayed significant florescence inhibition in both biosensors, PAO1 lasB-gfp and rhlA-gfp, with IC50 values at 3.53 μM and 2.41 μM, respectively. Preliminary analysis suggested the importance of the bromotyrosine and oxime functionalities for QSI activity in these molecules. In addition, psammaplin A and bisaprasin downregulated elastase expression as determined by the standard enzymatic elastase assay, although greater reduction in elastase production was observed with 1 at 50 μM and 100 μM. Furthermore, the study revealed that bisaprasin (2) reduced biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nursheena Parveen Katermeran
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore; (N.P.K.); (T.M.B.G.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Wee Han Poh
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (W.H.P.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Teo Min Ben Goh
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore; (N.P.K.); (T.M.B.G.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Lik Tong Tan
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore; (N.P.K.); (T.M.B.G.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Oluwatofunmilayo Diyaolu
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK; (O.D.); (R.E.)
| | - Jioji Tabudravu
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK;
| | - Rainer Ebel
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK; (O.D.); (R.E.)
| | - Scott A. Rice
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (W.H.P.); (S.A.R.)
- The School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- The iThree Institute, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK; (O.D.); (R.E.)
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30
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Endres A, Hügel C, Boland H, Hogardt M, Schubert R, Jonigk D, Braubach P, Rohde G, Bellinghausen C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Affects Airway Epithelial Response and Barrier Function During Rhinovirus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:846828. [PMID: 35265536 PMCID: PMC8899922 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.846828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is aggravated by recurrent and ultimately chronic bacterial infections. One of the key pathogens in adult CF lung disease is P. aeruginosa (PA). In addition to bacteria, respiratory viral infections are suggested to trigger pulmonary exacerbations in CF. To date, little is known on how chronic infections with PA influence susceptibility and response to viral infection. We investigated the interactions between PA, human rhinovirus (HRV) and the airway epithelium in a model of chronic PA infection using differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells (pBECs) and clinical PA isolates obtained from the respiratory sample of a CF patient. Cells were repeatedly infected with either a mucoid or a non-mucoid PA isolate for 16 days to simulate chronic infection, and subsequently co-infected with HRV. Key cytokines and viral RNA were quantified by cytometric bead array, ELISA and qPCR. Proteolytic degradation of IL-6 was analyzed by Western Blots. Barrier function was assessed by permeability tests and transepithelial electric resistance measurements. Virus infection stimulated the production of inflammatory and antiviral mediators, including interleukin (IL)-6, CXCL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and type I/III interferons. Co-infection with a non-mucoid PA isolate increased IL-1β protein concentrations (28.88 pg/ml vs. 6.10 pg/ml), but in contrast drastically diminished levels of IL-6 protein (53.17 pg/ml vs. 2301.33 pg/ml) compared to virus infection alone. Conditioned medium obtained from co-infections with a non-mucoid PA isolate and HRV was able to rapidly degrade recombinant IL-6 in a serine protease-dependent manner, whereas medium from individual infections or co-infections with a mucoid isolate had no such effect. After co-infection with HRV and the non-mucoid PA isolate, we detected lower mRNA levels of Forkhead box J1 (FOXJ1) and Cilia Apical Structure Protein (SNTN), markers of epithelial cell differentiation to ciliated cells. Moreover, epithelial permeability was increased and barrier function compromised compared to single infections. These data show that PA infection can influence the response of bronchial epithelial cells to viral infection. Altered innate immune responses and compromised epithelial barrier function may contribute to an aggravated course of viral infection in PA-infected airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Endres
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Hügel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Helena Boland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Hogardt
- Consiliary Laboratory on Cystic Fibrosis Bacteriology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gernot Rohde
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carla Bellinghausen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Carla Bellinghausen,
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Kheir S, Villeret B, Garcia-Verdugo I, Sallenave JM. IL-6-elafin genetically modified macrophages as a lung immunotherapeutic strategy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Mol Ther 2022; 30:355-369. [PMID: 34371178 PMCID: PMC8753374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a) infections are a major public health issue in ventilator-associated pneumoniae, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. P.a is multidrug resistant, and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic approaches. Here, we evaluated the effect of direct pulmonary transplantation of gene-modified (elafin and interleukin [IL]-6) syngeneic macrophages in a mouse model of acute P.a infection. Wild-type (WT) or Elafin-transgenic (eTg) alveolar macrophages (AMs) or bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage or generated from WT or eTg mouse bone marrow. Cells were modified with adenovirus IL-6 (Ad-IL-6), characterized in vitro, and transferred by oropharyngeal instillation in the lungs of naive mice. The protective effect was assessed during P.a acute infection (survival studies, mechanistic studies of the inflammatory response). We show that a single bolus of genetically modified syngeneic AMs or BMDMs provided protection in our P.a-induced model. Mechanistically, Elafin-modified AMs had an IL-6-IL-10-IL-4R-IL-22-antimicrobial molecular signature that, in synergy with IL-6, enhanced epithelial cell proliferation and tissue repair in the alveolar unit. We believe that this innovative cell therapy strategy could be of value in acute bacterial infections in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadé Kheir
- INSERM U1152, Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris 75014, France
| | - Bérengère Villeret
- INSERM U1152, Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris 75014, France
| | - Ignacio Garcia-Verdugo
- INSERM U1152, Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris 75014, France
| | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- INSERM U1152, Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris 75014, France,Corresponding author: Jean-Michel Sallenave, INSERM U1152, Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat—Claude-Bernard, Paris 75014, France.
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Adsorption of extracellular proteases and pyocyanin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a macroporous magnesium oxide-templated carbon decreases cytotoxicity. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Potential Therapeutic Targets for Combination Antibody Therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121530. [PMID: 34943742 PMCID: PMC8698887 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in antimicrobial therapy and even the advent of some effective vaccines, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) remains a significant cause of infectious disease, primarily due to antibiotic resistance. Although P. aeruginosa is commonly treatable with readily available therapeutics, these therapies are not always efficacious, particularly for certain classes of patients (e.g., cystic fibrosis (CF)) and for drug-resistant strains. Multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa infections are listed on both the CDC’s and WHO’s list of serious worldwide threats. This increasing emergence of drug resistance and prevalence of P. aeruginosa highlights the need to identify new therapeutic strategies. Combinations of monoclonal antibodies against different targets and epitopes have demonstrated synergistic efficacy with each other as well as in combination with antimicrobial agents typically used to treat these infections. Such a strategy has reduced the ability of infectious agents to develop resistance. This manuscript details the development of potential therapeutic targets for polyclonal antibody therapies to combat the emergence of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections. In particular, potential drug targets for combinational immunotherapy against P. aeruginosa are identified to combat current and future drug resistance.
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Falcarindiol Isolated from Notopterygium incisum Inhibits the Quorum Sensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195896. [PMID: 34641440 PMCID: PMC8512080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is employed by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to regulate physiological behaviors and virulence. QS inhibitors (QSIs) are potential anti-virulence agents for the therapy of P. aeruginosa infection. During the screening for QSIs from Chinese herbal medicines, falcarindiol (the major constituent of Notopterygium incisum) exhibited QS inhibitory activity. The subinhibitory concentration of falcarindiol exerted significant inhibitory effects on the formation of biofilm and the production of virulence factors such as elastase, pyocyanin, and rhamnolipid. The mRNA expression of QS-related genes (lasB, phzH, rhlA, lasI, rhlI, pqsA, and rhlR) was downregulated by falcarindiol while that of lasR was not affected by falcarindiol. The transcriptional activation of the lasI promoter was inhibited by falcarindiol in the P. aeruginosa QSIS-lasI selector. Further experiments confirmed that falcarindiol inhibited the las system using the reporter strain Escherichia coli MG4/pKDT17. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that falcarindiol inhibited the binding of the transcription factor LasR and the lasI promoter region. Molecular docking showed that falcarindiol interacted with the Tyr47 residue, leading to LasR instability. The decrease of LasR-mediated transcriptional activation was responsible for the reduction of downstream gene expression, which further inhibited virulence production. The inhibition mechanism of falcarindiol to LasR provides a theoretical basis for its medicinal application.
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Qais FA, Khan MS, Ahmad I, Husain FM, Al-Kheraif AA, Arshad M, Alam P. Plumbagin inhibits quorum sensing-regulated virulence and biofilms of Gram-negative bacteria: in vitro and in silico investigations. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:724-739. [PMID: 34396840 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1955250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The global rise in antimicrobial resistance and lack of discovery of new antimicrobials have created serious concerns. Targeting quorum sensing (QS) and biofilms of pathogenic bacteria is considered a promising approach in antimicrobial drug discovery. This study explored the inhibitory effect of plumbagin against biofilms and QS of Chromobacterium violaceum, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Violacein production in C. violaceum 12472 was reduced by >80%. The virulent traits of P. aeruginosa PAO1 such as pyocyanin, rhamnolipid and proteases were also inhibited at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations. Moreover, the biofilms of the test bacteria were reduced by 56-70%. Plumbagin reduced the bacterial adherence and colonization on solid surface. Computational studies gave closer insights regarding the possible modes of action. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the protein complexes were quite stable under physiological conditions. This study provides both experimental and computational evidence regarding the efficacy of plumbagin against biofilms and the QS-controlled virulence factors of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Shavez Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Kheir S, Villeret B, Garcia-Verdugo I, Sallenave J. Use of IL-6-elafin genetically modified regulatory macrophages as an immunotherapy against acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the lung. Rev Mal Respir 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Aritake H, Tamada T, Murakami K, Gamo S, Nara M, Kazama I, Ichinose M, Sugiura H. Effects of indacaterol on the LPS-evoked changes in fluid secretion rate and pH in swine tracheal membrane. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:883-896. [PMID: 34031755 PMCID: PMC8164627 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An acquired dysregulation of airway secretion is likely involved in the pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nowadays, it is widely known that several kinds of long-acting bronchodilators reduce the frequency of COPD exacerbations. However, limited data are available concerning the complementary additive effects on airflow obstruction. Using an optical method and a selective pH indicator, we succeeded in evaluating the gland secretion rate and the pH in swine tracheal membrane. A physiologically relevant concentration of acetylcholine (ACh) 100 nM induced a gradual increase in the amount of gland secretion. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) accelerated the ACh-induced secretory responses up to around threefold and lowered the pH level significantly. Long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) including indacaterol (IND), formoterol, and salmeterol restored the LPS-induced changes in both the hypersecretion and acidification. The subsequent addition of the long-acting muscarine antagonist, glycopyrronium, further increased the pH values. Two different inhibitors for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), NPPB and CFTRinh172, abolished the IND-mediated pH normalization in the presence of both ACh and ACh + LPS. Both immunofluorescence staining and western blotting analysis revealed that LPS downregulated the abundant expression of CFTR protein. However, IND did not restore the LPS-induced decrease in CFTR expression on Calu-3 cells. These findings suggest that the activation of cAMP-dependent HCO3− secretion through CFTR would be partly involved in the IND-mediated pH normalization in gland secretion and may be suitable for the maintenance of airway defense against exacerbating factors including LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Aritake
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Koji Murakami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shunichi Gamo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nara
- National Hospital Organization Akita National Hospital, Yurihonjo, Japan
| | - Itsuro Kazama
- Miyagi University School of Nursing Graduate School of Nursing, Kurokawa-gun, Japan
| | | | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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Khanal S, Webster M, Niu N, Zielonka J, Nunez M, Chupp G, Slade MD, Cohn L, Sauler M, Gomez JL, Tarran R, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS, Egan M, Laguna T, Britto CJ. SPLUNC1: a novel marker of cystic fibrosis exacerbations. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.00507-2020. [PMID: 33958427 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00507-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acute pulmonary Exacerbations (AE) are episodes of clinical worsening in cystic fibrosis (CF), often precipitated by infection. Timely detection is critical to minimise morbidity and lung function declines associated with acute inflammation during AE. Based on our previous observations that airway protein Short Palate Lung Nasal epithelium Clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is regulated by inflammatory signals, we investigated the use of SPLUNC1 fluctuations to diagnose and predict AE in CF.We enrolled CF participants from two independent cohorts to measure AE markers of inflammation in sputum and recorded clinical outcomes for a 1-year follow-up period.SPLUNC1 levels were high in healthy controls (n=9, 10.7 μg mL-1), and significantly decreased in CF participants without AE (n=30, 5.7 μg mL-1, p=0.016). SPLUNC1 levels were 71.9% lower during AE (n=14, 1.6 μg mL-1, p=0.0034) regardless of age, sex, CF-causing mutation, or microbiology findings. Cytokines Il-1β and TNFα were also increased in AE, whereas lung function did not consistently decrease. Stable CF participants with lower SPLUNC1 levels were much more likely to have an AE at 60 days (HR: 11.49, Standard Error: 0.83, p=0.0033). Low-SPLUNC1 stable participants remained at higher AE risk even one year after sputum collection (HR: 3.21, Standard Error: 0.47, p=0.0125). SPLUNC1 was downregulated by inflammatory cytokines and proteases increased in sputum during AE.In acute CF care, low SPLUNC1 levels could support a decision to increase airway clearance or to initiate pharmacological interventions. In asymptomatic, stable patients, low SPLUNC1 levels could inform changes in clinical management to improve long-term disease control and clinical outcomes in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khanal
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Megan Webster
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Naiqian Niu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jana Zielonka
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Myra Nunez
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Geoffrey Chupp
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martin D Slade
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lauren Cohn
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maor Sauler
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jose L Gomez
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marie Egan
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, Immunology, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Theresa Laguna
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Clemente J Britto
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Lopes-Pacheco M, Pedemonte N, Veit G. Discovery of CFTR modulators for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:897-913. [PMID: 33823716 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1912732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening inherited disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an anion channel expressed at the apical membrane of secretory epithelia. CF leads to multiorgan dysfunction with progressive deterioration of lung function being the major cause of untimely death. Conventional CF therapies target only symptoms and consequences downstream of the primary genetic defect and the current life expectancy and quality of life of these individuals are still very limited. AREA COVERED CFTR modulator drugs are novel-specialized therapies that enhance or even restore functional expression of CFTR mutants and have been approved for clinical use for individuals with specific CF genotypes. This review summarizes classical approaches used for the pre-clinical development of CFTR correctors and potentiators as well as emerging strategies aiming to accelerate modulator development and expand theratyping efforts. EXPERT OPINION Highly effective CFTR modulator drugs are expected to deeply modify the disease course for the majority of individuals with CF. A multitude of experimental approaches have been established to accelerate the development of novel modulators. CF patient-derived specimens are valuable cell models to predict therapeutic effectiveness of existing (and novel) modulators in a precision medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guido Veit
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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Di T, Yang Y, Fu C, Zhang Z, Qin C, Sai X, Liu J, Hu C, Zheng M, Wu Y, Bian T. Let-7 mediated airway remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via the regulation of IL-6. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13425. [PMID: 33037614 PMCID: PMC7988621 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition are observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the mechanisms of regulation of myofibroblast differentiation remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We detected let-7 levels in peripheral lung tissues, serum and primary bronchial epithelial cells of COPD patients and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice. IL-6 mRNA was explored in lung tissues of COPD patients and CS-exposed mice. IL-6 protein was detected in cell supernatant from primary epithelial cells by ELISA. We confirmed the regulatory effect of let-7 on IL-6 by luciferase reporter assay. Western blotting assay was used to determine the expression of α-SMA, E-cadherin and collagen I. In vitro, cell study was performed to demonstrate the role of let-7 in myofibroblast differentiation and ECM deposition. RESULTS Low expression of let-7 was observed in COPD patients, CS-exposed mice and CS extract (CSE)-treated human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Increased IL-6 was found in COPD patients, CS-exposed mice and CSE-treated HBE cells. Let-7 targets and silences IL-6 protein coding genes through binding to 3' untranslated region (UTR) of IL-6. Normal or CSE-treated HBE cells were co-cultured with human embryonic lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells). Reduction of let-7 in HBE cells caused myofibroblast differentiation and ECM deposition, while increase of let-7 mimics decreased myofibroblast differentiation phenotype and ECM deposition. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that CS reduced let-7 expression in COPD and, further, identify let-7 as a regulator of myofibroblast differentiation through the regulation of IL-6, which has potential value for diagnosis and treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Di
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Congli Fu
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Zixiao Zhang
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Chu Qin
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Sai
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Hu
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Mingfeng Zheng
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Tao Bian
- Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P.R. China
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Jurado-Martín I, Sainz-Mejías M, McClean S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Audacious Pathogen with an Adaptable Arsenal of Virulence Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3128. [PMID: 33803907 PMCID: PMC8003266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dominant pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) contributing to morbidity and mortality. Its tremendous ability to adapt greatly facilitates its capacity to cause chronic infections. The adaptability and flexibility of the pathogen are afforded by the extensive number of virulence factors it has at its disposal, providing P. aeruginosa with the facility to tailor its response against the different stressors in the environment. A deep understanding of these virulence mechanisms is crucial for the design of therapeutic strategies and vaccines against this multi-resistant pathogen. Therefore, this review describes the main virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and the adaptations it undergoes to persist in hostile environments such as the CF respiratory tract. The very large P. aeruginosa genome (5 to 7 MB) contributes considerably to its adaptive capacity; consequently, genomic studies have provided significant insights into elucidating P. aeruginosa evolution and its interactions with the host throughout the course of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siobhán McClean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland; (I.J.-M.); (M.S.-M.)
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Pathophysiology of Lung Disease and Wound Repair in Cystic Fibrosis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:155-188. [PMID: 35366275 PMCID: PMC8830450 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive, life-threatening condition affecting many organs and tissues, the lung disease being the chief cause of morbidity and mortality. Mutations affecting the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene determine the expression of a dysfunctional protein that, in turn, triggers a pathophysiological cascade, leading to airway epithelium injury and remodeling. In vitro and in vivo studies point to a dysregulated regeneration and wound repair in CF airways, to be traced back to epithelial CFTR lack/dysfunction. Subsequent altered ion/fluid fluxes and/or signaling result in reduced cell migration and proliferation. Furthermore, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition appears to be partially triggered in CF, contributing to wound closure alteration. Finally, we pose our attention to diverse approaches to tackle this defect, discussing the therapeutic role of protease inhibitors, CFTR modulators and mesenchymal stem cells. Although the pathophysiology of wound repair in CF has been disclosed in some mechanisms, further studies are warranted to understand the cellular and molecular events in more details and to better address therapeutic interventions.
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Cigana C, Castandet J, Sprynski N, Melessike M, Beyria L, Ranucci S, Alcalá-Franco B, Rossi A, Bragonzi A, Zalacain M, Everett M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Elastase Contributes to the Establishment of Chronic Lung Colonization and Modulates the Immune Response in a Murine Model. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:620819. [PMID: 33510733 PMCID: PMC7836092 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.620819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is a major contributor to progressive lung damage and is poorly treated by available antibiotic therapy. An alternative approach to the development of additional antibiotic treatments is to identify complementary therapies which target bacterial virulence factors necessary for the establishment and/or maintenance of the chronic infection. The P. aeruginosa elastase (LasB) has been suggested as an attractive anti-virulence target due to its extracellular location, its harmful degradative effects on host tissues and the immune system, and the potential to inhibit its activity using small molecule inhibitors. However, while the relevance of LasB in acute P. aeruginosa infection has been demonstrated, it is still unclear whether this elastase might also play a role in the early phase of chronic lung colonization. By analyzing clinical P. aeruginosa clonal isolates from a CF patient, we found that the isolate RP45, collected in the early phase of persistence, produces large amounts of active LasB, while its clonal variant RP73, collected after years of colonization, does not produce it. When a mouse model of persistent pneumonia was used, deletion of the lasB gene in RP45 resulted in a significant reduction in mean bacterial numbers and incidence of chronic lung colonization at Day 7 post-challenge compared to those mice infected with wild-type (wt) RP45. Furthermore, deletion of lasB in strain RP45 also resulted in an increase in immunomodulators associated with innate and adaptive immune responses in infected animals. In contrast, deletion of the lasB gene in RP73 did not affect the establishment of chronic infection. Overall, these results indicate that LasB contributes to the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to a persistent lifestyle. In addition, these findings support pharmacological inhibition of LasB as a potentially useful therapeutic intervention for P. aeruginosa-infected CF patients prior to the establishment of a chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cigana
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Medede Melessike
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Serena Ranucci
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Nurix Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Beatriz Alcalá-Franco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Rossi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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An In Vitro Cell Culture Model for Pyoverdine-Mediated Virulence. Pathogens 2020; 10:pathogens10010009. [PMID: 33374230 PMCID: PMC7824568 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant, opportunistic pathogen that utilizes a wide-range of virulence factors to cause acute, life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients, especially those in intensive care units. It also causes debilitating chronic infections that shorten lives and worsen the quality of life for cystic fibrosis patients. One of the key virulence factors in P. aeruginosa is the siderophore pyoverdine, which provides the pathogen with iron during infection, regulates the production of secreted toxins, and disrupts host iron and mitochondrial homeostasis. These roles have been characterized in model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans and mice. However, an intermediary system, using cell culture to investigate the activity of this siderophore has been absent. In this report, we describe such a system, using murine macrophages treated with pyoverdine. We demonstrate that pyoverdine-rich filtrates from P. aeruginosa exhibit substantial cytotoxicity, and that the inhibition of pyoverdine production (genetic or chemical) is sufficient to mitigate virulence. Furthermore, consistent with previous observations made in C. elegans, pyoverdine translocates into cells and disrupts host mitochondrial homeostasis. Most importantly, we observe a strong correlation between pyoverdine production and virulence in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, confirming pyoverdine’s value as a promising target for therapeutic intervention. This in vitro cell culture model will allow rapid validation of pyoverdine antivirulents in a simple but physiologically relevant manner.
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Sethupathy S, Sathiyamoorthi E, Kim YG, Lee JH, Lee J. Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Properties of Indoles Against Serratia marcescens. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:584812. [PMID: 33193228 PMCID: PMC7662412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole and its derivatives have been shown to interfere with the quorum sensing (QS) systems of a wide range of bacterial pathogens. While indole has been previously shown to inhibit QS in Serratia marcescens, the effects of various indole derivatives on QS, biofilm formation, and virulence of S. marcescens remain unexplored. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the effects of 51 indole derivatives on S. marcescens biofilm formation, QS, and virulence factor production. The results obtained revealed that several indole derivatives (3-indoleacetonitrile, 5-fluoroindole, 6-fluoroindole, 7-fluoroindole, 7-methylindole, 7-nitroindole, 5-iodoindole, 5-fluoro-2-methylindole, 2-methylindole-3-carboxaldehyde, and 5-methylindole) dose-dependently interfered with quorum sensing (QS) and suppressed prodigiosin production, biofilm formation, swimming motility, and swarming motility. Further assays showed 6-fluoroindole and 7-methylindole suppressed fimbria-mediated yeast agglutination, extracellular polymeric substance production, and secretions of virulence factors (e.g., proteases and lipases). QS assays on Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 confirmed that indole derivatives interfered with QS. The current results demonstrate the antibiofilm and antivirulence properties of indole derivatives and their potentials in applications targeting S. marcescens virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong-Guy Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Sun J, LaRock DL, Skowronski EA, Kimmey JM, Olson J, Jiang Z, O'Donoghue AJ, Nizet V, LaRock CN. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa protease LasB directly activates IL-1β. EBioMedicine 2020; 60:102984. [PMID: 32979835 PMCID: PMC7511813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary damage by Pseudomonas aeruginosa during cystic fibrosis lung infection and ventilator-associated pneumonia is mediated both by pathogen virulence factors and host inflammation. Impaired immune function due to tissue damage and inflammation, coupled with pathogen multidrug resistance, complicates the management of these deep-seated infections. Pathological inflammation during infection is driven by interleukin-1β (IL-1β), but the molecular processes involved are not fully understood. METHODS We examined IL-1β activation in a pulmonary model infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and in vitro using genetics, specific inhibitors, recombinant proteins, and targeted reporters of protease activity and IL-1β bioactivity. FINDINGS Caspase-family inflammasome proteases canonically regulate maturation of this proinflammatory cytokine, but we report that plasticity in IL-1β proteolytic activation allows for its direct maturation by the pseudomonal protease LasB. LasB promotes IL-1β activation, neutrophilic inflammation, and destruction of lung architecture characteristic of severe P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection. INTERPRETATION Preservation of lung function and effective immune clearance may be enhanced by selectively controlling inflammation. Discovery of this IL-1β regulatory mechanism provides a distinct target for anti-inflammatory therapeutics, such as matrix metalloprotease inhibitors that inhibit LasB and limit inflammation and pathology during P. aeruginosa pulmonary infections. FUNDING Full details are provided in the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Sun
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Doris L LaRock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta GA, United States
| | - Elaine A Skowronski
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Joshua Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Zhenze Jiang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Victor Nizet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher N LaRock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta GA, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta GA, United States; Antimicrobial Resistance Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA, United States.
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Xu D, Zhang Y, Cheng P, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Z, Yi H, Chen H. Inhibitory effect of a novel chicken-derived anti-biofilm peptide on P. aeruginosa biofilms and virulence factors. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104514. [PMID: 32976967 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is correlated with the formation of biofilms. Several studies have focused on biofilms and the treatment of biofilm infection by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The present study analyzed the feasibility of cCATH-2 (a chicken-derived antimicrobial peptide) as a new strategy for anti-biofilm activities. Biofilm biomass (crystal violet staining) and viability of biofilm bacteria (colony counting) were measured in P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm at the stage of attachment (4 h), formation (14 h), and maturation (24 h). cCATH-2 (1/2MIC) had the ability to reduce the initial attachment of viable bacteria due to decreasing planktonic bacteria. All tested concentrations of cCATH-2 (1/32-1/2MIC) significantly reduced the biomass at the biofilm formation stage. In addition, cCATH-2 (2MIC) had significant effects on the biomass and viability of bacteria of pre-biofilms, which caused significant killing (>90%) of the bacteria in the biofilm. Thus, it was confirmed that cCATH-2 could infiltrate into pre-biofilm to kill the biofilm cells, as assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Furthermore, cCATH-2 had an obvious effect on the production of the majority of the virulence factors of PAO1 biofilms, and the effect was better than that of ciprofloxacin, especially on alginate (the structural component of biofilms). These findings suggested that cCATH-2 is a putative candidate for the development of anti-biofilm and anti-infective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Xu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences,Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Yidong Wang
- Hunan Reseach Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs,Changsha, 410331, China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Huashan Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China; Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China.
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48
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Martin C, Burgel PR. Carriers of a single CFTR mutation are asymptomatic: an evolving dogma? Eur Respir J 2020; 56:56/3/2002645. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02645-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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49
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Sauvage S, Hardouin J. Exoproteomics for Better Understanding Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E571. [PMID: 32899849 PMCID: PMC7551764 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common human opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial diseases. In 2017, the World Health Organization has classified P. aeruginosa as a critical agent threatening human health, and for which the development of new treatments is urgently necessary. One interesting avenue is to target virulence factors to understand P. aeruginosa pathogenicity. Thus, characterising exoproteins of P. aeruginosa is a hot research topic and proteomics is a powerful approach that provides important information to gain insights on bacterial virulence. The aim of this review is to focus on the contribution of proteomics to the studies of P. aeruginosa exoproteins, highlighting its relevance in the discovery of virulence factors, post-translational modifications on exoproteins and host-pathogen relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Sauvage
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, UMR 6270 CNRS, University of Rouen, CEDEX, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
- PISSARO Proteomics Facility, IRIB, F-76820 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Julie Hardouin
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, UMR 6270 CNRS, University of Rouen, CEDEX, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
- PISSARO Proteomics Facility, IRIB, F-76820 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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50
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Brao KJ, Wille BP, Lieberman J, Ernst RK, Shirtliff ME, Harro JM. Scnn1b-Transgenic BALB/c Mice as a Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections of the Cystic Fibrosis Lung. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00237-20. [PMID: 32631918 PMCID: PMC7440770 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00237-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for much of the morbidity and mortality associated with cystic fibrosis (CF), a condition that predisposes patients to chronic lung infections. P. aeruginosa lung infections are difficult to treat because P. aeruginosa adapts to the CF lung, can develop multidrug resistance, and can form biofilms. Despite the clinical significance of P. aeruginosa, modeling P. aeruginosa infections in CF has been challenging. Here, we characterize Scnn1b-transgenic (Tg) BALB/c mice as P. aeruginosa lung infection models. Scnn1b-Tg mice overexpress the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in their lungs, driving increased sodium absorption that causes lung pathology similar to CF. We intranasally infected Scnn1b-Tg mice and wild-type littermates with the laboratory P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 and CF clinical isolates and then assessed differences in bacterial clearance, cytokine responses, and histological features up to 12 days postinfection. Scnn1b-Tg mice carried higher bacterial burdens when infected with biofilm-grown rather than planktonic PAO1; Scnn1b-Tg mice also cleared infections more slowly than their wild-type littermates. Infection with PAO1 elicited significant increases in proinflammatory and Th17-linked cytokines on day 3. Scnn1b-Tg mice infected with nonmucoid early CF isolates maintained bacterial burdens and mounted immune responses similar to those of PAO1-infected Scnn1b-Tg mice. In contrast, Scnn1b-Tg mice infected with a mucoid CF isolate carried high bacterial burdens, produced significantly more interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, and KC, and showed severe immune cell infiltration into the bronchioles. Taken together, these results show the promise of Scnn1b-Tg mice as models of early P. aeruginosa colonization in the CF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Brao
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brendan P Wille
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua Lieberman
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark E Shirtliff
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janette M Harro
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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