1
|
Souci L, Denesvre C. Interactions between avian viruses and skin in farm birds. Vet Res 2024; 55:54. [PMID: 38671518 PMCID: PMC11055369 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the avian viruses that infect the skin of domestic farm birds of primary economic importance: chicken, duck, turkey, and goose. Many avian viruses (e.g., poxviruses, herpesviruses, Influenza viruses, retroviruses) leading to pathologies infect the skin and the appendages of these birds. Some of these viruses (e.g., Marek's disease virus, avian influenza viruses) have had and/or still have a devasting impact on the poultry economy. The skin tropism of these viruses is key to the pathology and virus life cycle, in particular for virus entry, shedding, and/or transmission. In addition, for some emergent arboviruses, such as flaviviruses, the skin is often the entry gate of the virus after mosquito bites, whether or not the host develops symptoms (e.g., West Nile virus). Various avian skin models, from primary cells to three-dimensional models, are currently available to better understand virus-skin interactions (such as replication, pathogenesis, cell response, and co-infection). These models may be key to finding solutions to prevent or halt viral infection in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Souci
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Virus Aviaires, UMR1282 ISP, INRAE Centre Val-de-Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Caroline Denesvre
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Virus Aviaires, UMR1282 ISP, INRAE Centre Val-de-Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fu H, Zhao M, Chen S, Huang Y, Wan C. Simultaneous detection and differentiation of DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 by high-resolution melting analysis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103566. [PMID: 38417341 PMCID: PMC10907865 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Birds infected with duck circovirus (DuCV) can potentially cause immunosuppression by damaging lymphoid tissues, causing great losses in the duck breeding industry. Duck circovirus can be divided into two genotypes (DuCV-1 and DuCV-2), but simultaneous detection and differentiation of DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis is still lacking. Here, we designed specific primers according to the sequence characteristics of the newly identified ORF3 gene and then established a PCR-HRM method for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 via high-resolution melting analysis. Our data showed that the established PCR-HRM assay had the advantages of specificity, with the lowest detection limits of 61.9 copies/μL (for DuCV-1) and 60.6 copies/μL (for DuCV-2). The melting curve of the PCR-HRM results indicated that the amplification product was specific, with no cross-reaction with common waterfowl origin pathogens and a low coefficient of variation less than 1.50% in both intra-batch and inter-batch repetitions, indicating the advantages of repeatability. We found that the percentage of DuCV-2-positive ducks was higher than that of DuCV-1-positive ducks, with 8.62% rate of DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 coinfection. In addition, we found DuCV-2-positive in geese firstly. In conclusion, this study provides a candidate PCR-HRM assay for the detection and accurate differentiation of DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 infection, which will help us for further epidemiological surveillance of DuCVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanru Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Centre, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Centre, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Centre, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Centre, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Chunhe Wan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Centre, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cui X, Zhu Y, Wu Q, He D, Mao M, Wei F, Wu B, Zhu S, Cui Y, Han Q, Wang D, Wu M, Zhao Y, Ren H, Wei X, Zhang M, Diao Y, Tang Y. Pathogenicity of duck circovirus 1 in experimentally infected specific pathogen-free ducks. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103301. [PMID: 38113704 PMCID: PMC10770740 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ducks infected with duck circovirus (DuCV) show symptoms such as feather loss, growth retardation and low body weight in the flock. The virus induces immunosuppression and increases the prevalence of infection with other pathogens. However, most studies on duck circovirus were focused on coinfection, and fewer studies had been conducted on the pathogenicity of duck circovirus alone. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathogenesis of DuCV-1 in experimentally infected specific pathogen-free ducks. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome of a strain of duck circovirus and identified the virus genotype as DuCV-1b. This strain of duck circovirus was named SDLH(OR567883). Animal pathogenicity experiments were then conducted, wherein specific pathogen-free ducks were infected by mucosal injection and abdominal injection. Infected ducks were sampled for 4 consecutive weeks after infection and showed symptoms of dwarfism. We further examined the replication of DuCV-1 in the ducks. The highest virus titers in the 2 infection groups were found in the liver and spleen, with different results for the different routes of infection. Pathological sections of duck organs were made and it was found that organs such as the liver and spleen were damaged by DuCV-1. In conclusion, our experimental results indicate that DuCV-1 can infect ducks individually and cause widespread organ damage in infected ducks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Cui
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co, Ltd, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Yudong Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Dalin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Mingtian Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Feng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Bingrong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Siming Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yitong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qinghai Han
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co, Ltd, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Mian Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yubo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hui Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xinhui Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang X, Yu H, Zhang W, Fu L, Wang Y. Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Vertically Transmitted Viruses in Ducks. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:6. [PMID: 38200736 PMCID: PMC10777988 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the distribution and genetic variation in four vertically transmitted duck pathogens, including duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), duck circovirus (DuCV), duck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3), and avian reoviruses (ARV), we conducted an epidemiology study using PCR and RT-PCR assays on a duck population. We found that DHBV was the most prevalent virus (69.74%), followed by DuCV (39.48%), and then ARV (19.92%) and DHAV-3 (8.49%). Among the 271 duck samples, two, three or four viruses were detected in the same samples, indicating that the coinfection of vertical transmission agents is common in ducks. The genetic analysis results showed that all four identified DuCV strains belonged to genotype 1, the DHAV-3 strain was closely clustered with previously identified strains from China, and the ARV stain was clustered under genotype 1. These indicate that different viral strains are circulating among the ducks. Our findings will improve the knowledge of the evolution of DuCV, DHAV-3, and ARV, and help choose suitable strains for vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haidong Yu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150068, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150068, China
| | - Lizhi Fu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 408599, China;
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang D, Wang Y, He Y, Ji L, Zhao K, Yang S, Zhang W. Identification of avihepadnaviruses and circoviruses in an unexplained death event in farmed ducks. Arch Virol 2023; 168:85. [PMID: 36763177 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Research into disease pathogens can greatly benefit from viral metagenomics technology. Using this technique, we investigated potential disease pathogens that resulted in the death of many ducks on a duck farm. Two duck circoviruses (DuCV) and one duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) were detected and identified, and all three strains were closely related to avian-associated viruses. Two duck circoviruses had 81.64%-97.65% genome-wide sequence identity to some reference strains, and duck hepatitis B virus shared 75.85%-98.92% identity with other strains. Clinical characteristics of the diseased ducks, including ruffled feathers, lethargy, and weight loss, were comparable to those observed in cases of DuCV infection. Further research is needed to determine whether coinfection with DHBV leads to liver damage and exacerbation of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianqi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumin He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Likai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yishui County People's Hospital, Linyi, 276499, Shandong, China.
| | - Shixing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Neale S, Welchman D, Garcia‐Rueda C, Grierson S, Pearson A. Detection of duck circovirus in Great Britain. Vet Rec 2022; 191:424. [DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sue Neale
- APHA Penrith Veterinary Investigation Centre, Merrythought Calthwaite Cumbria CA11 9RR
| | - David Welchman
- APHA Penrith Veterinary Investigation Centre, Merrythought Calthwaite Cumbria CA11 9RR
| | - Cristina Garcia‐Rueda
- Avian Pathology, Diagnostics & Official Certification 8 Ladywell Gardens Edinburgh EH12 7LQ
| | - Sylvia Grierson
- APHA Department of Virology Woodham Lane, New Haw Addlestone Surrey KT15 3NB
| | - Alan Pearson
- Lanes Vets, Green Lane Vet Centre, Cabus Garstang Lancashire PR3 1PR
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Zhang S, Shang H, Wang C, Zhou F, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Gao P, Li N, Liu D, Shen M, Zhu R, Shi Y, Wei K. Evaluation of the antiviral effect of four plant polysaccharides against duck circovirus. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:446-457. [PMID: 36148714 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, outbreaks of duck circovirus (DuCV) are frequently occurring worldwide due to secondary infections caused by post infection-induced immunosuppression. Due to a lack of preventive drugs and vaccines, the waterfowl industry losses are ever increasing. In this study, we extracted Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), pine pollen polysaccharides (PPPS), Aloe vera polysaccharides (AVE), and Ficus carica polysaccharides (FCPS) from Astragalus, pine pollen, aloe, and F. carica leaves, respectively. We randomly divided 150 one-day-old Cherry Valley ducks into five groups, which were inoculated with the DuCV solution and orally administered APS, PPPS, AVE, FCPS, and phosphate buffer saline (PBS), respectively. We collected the duck immune organs and serum samples at 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 48 days post-infection (dpi). Using clinical symptom analysis, molecular biology experiments, and serological experiments, we proved that plant polysaccharides could (a) improve the duck immunity, (b) reduce the viral load, and (c) mitigate DuCV-induced damage to immune organs, with both APS and PPPS having significant effects. Moreover, we detected viral load and cytokines within the first 8 dpi. Since the body's innate immunity could inhibit viral replication within five days of virus infection, 1-5 dpi was the best treatment time. Among the four polysaccharides showing in vitro anti-apoptotic activity, APS and PPPS significantly inhibited the DuCV infection-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Overall, since our findings show APS and PPPS having significant anti-DuCV effects both in vivo and in vitro, they can be promising candidates for preventing DuCV infection in ducks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Hongqi Shang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Shandong Feicheng Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Health Center, Taian, China
| | - Yunxuan Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Panpan Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ning Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Defeng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Youfei Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
| | - Kai Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tran GTH, Mai NT, Bui VN, Dao TD, Trinh DQ, Vu TTT, Le VP, Van Dong H. Duck circovirus in northern Vietnam: genetic characterization and epidemiological analysis. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1871-1877. [PMID: 35716264 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, tissue samples collected from 130 ducks from clinically suspected commercial flocks and diseased birds in six provinces of northern Vietnam were tested for duck circovirus (DuCV) infection. The DuCV genome was detected in 56 out of 130 (43.08%) duck samples by PCR. Of 38 tested farms, 26 (68.42%) were positive for the DuCV genome. The rate of the DuCV genome detection in ducks at 3-4 weeks of age (54.17%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that at <3 (32.43%) and >7 (33.33%) weeks of age and insignificantly higher than that at 5-7 weeks of age (43.33%) (p = 0.11). The genomes of six Vietnamese DuCV isolates were determined. They ranged in length from 1,988 to 1,995 nucleotides, and their nucleotide sequences were 83.24% to 99.69% identical to each other. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequences indicated that the DuCV strains circulating in northern Vietnam can be divided into two main genotypes (I and II) and several subgenotypes. The Vietnamese DuCV isolates were closely related to Chinese, Taiwanese, and Korean strains. One positively selected site was detected in the capsid protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giang Thi Huong Tran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, 131000, Vietnam
| | - Ngan Thi Mai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, 131000, Vietnam
| | - Vuong Nghia Bui
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tung Duy Dao
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dai Quang Trinh
- Central Veterinary Medicine JSC No. 5, Ha Binh Phuong Industrial Zone, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tra Thi Thu Vu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, 131000, Vietnam
| | - Van Phan Le
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, 131000, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Van Dong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, 131000, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yuan S, Yao XY, Yang HH, Zhang YQ, Liu H, Sun J, Lv ZH, Huang SJ, Zhang XL. Research Note: Genetic diversity of duck circoviruses circulating in partial areas of Guangdong province, southern China. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102032. [PMID: 35905551 PMCID: PMC9334309 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck circovirus (DuCV) is the smallest known virus in waterfowl that infects both domestic and wild duck. Infected ducks often show stunted growth and immunosuppression, which increases the rate of secondary infection with other pathogens. In this study, 270 liver tissue samples were collected to screen the presence of DuCV in Guangdong province, China, and the complete genome sequences were recovered and systematically analyzed. Genetic analyses revealed that sequences determined in this study shared 81.6% to 100.0% genome-wide pairwise identity with previously identified DuCV genomes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that 2 DuCV genotypes with a high infection rate were co-circulating in duck population in Guangdong province, and extensive recombination events have occurred during the evolution of DuCV. Our results expand upon the knowledge regarding the genetic diversity and evolution of DuCV, and also indicate that extensive genetically divergent DuCV are co-circulating in the duck populations in Guangdong, southern China.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang X, Li L, Shang H, Zhou F, Wang C, Zhang S, Gao P, Guo P, Zhu R, Sun Z, Wei K. Effects of duck circovirus on immune function and secondary infection of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101799. [PMID: 35366422 PMCID: PMC8971308 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck circovirus (DuCV) infection occurs frequently in ducks in China and is generally believed to lead to immunosuppression and secondary infection, though there has been a lack of detailed research and direct evidence. In this study, one-day-old Cherry Valley ducklings were artificially infected with DuCV alone and co-infected with DuCV and Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). The immune indexes at 32 d old were systematically monitored, including immune organ weight, lymphocyte transformation rate, IL-10, IL-12, soluble CD4 (sCD4), soluble CD8 (sCD8), IFN-γ, viral loads in each organ, APEC colonization, and so on. The results showed the development of immune organs in ducklings was affected, resulting in a decrease in the lymphocyte transformation rate (LTR), IL-12, sCD4, sCD8, IFN-γ and an increase in IL-10 content at 8 to 32 d postinfection (dpi). In the detection of virus loads in some organs, it was found that 8 dpi, DuCV existed stably in various organs, suggesting the importance of preventing and controlling the virus in the early stage of culture. The results of exploring the DuCV infection that shows some influence on secondary infection by APEC. The results showed that DuCV infection could significantly enhance the pathogenicity of APEC and the colonization ability of APEC in vivo. DuCV can induce more serious APEC infection in 24 dpi than in 14 dpi. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that DuCV infection will affect the immune system, cause immunosuppression, and lead to more serious secondary infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lingzi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongqi Shang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Panpan Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhenhong Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fehér E, Kaszab E, Bali K, Hoitsy M, Sós E, Bányai K. Novel Circoviruses from Birds Share Common Evolutionary Roots with Fish Origin Circoviruses. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:368. [PMID: 35330119 PMCID: PMC8950603 DOI: 10.3390/life12030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circoviruses occur in a variety of animal species and are common pathogens of mammalian and avian hosts. In our study internal organ samples of wild birds were processed for screening of circoviral sequences. Two novel viruses were identified and characterized in specimens of a little bittern and a European bee-eater that suffered from wing injuries, were weakened, had liver or kidney failures, and finally succumbed at a rescue station. The 1935 nt and 1960 nt long viral DNA genomes exhibited a genomic structure typical for circoviruses and were predicted to encode replication-associated protein in the viral strand, and a capsid protein in the complementary strand of the replicative intermediate DNA form. The genome of the newly described viruses showed 37.6% pairwise identity with each other and ≤41.5% identity with circovirus sequences, and shared a common branch with fish, human and Weddel seal circoviruses in the phylogenetic tree, implying evolutionary relationship among the ancestors of these viruses. Based on the results the little bittern and European bee-eater circoviruses represent two distinct species of the Circovirus genus, Circoviridae family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Fehér
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (K.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (K.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Krisztina Bali
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (K.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Márton Hoitsy
- Conservation and Veterinary Services, Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, H-1164 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Endre Sós
- Conservation and Veterinary Services, Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, H-1164 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (K.B.); (K.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang L, Jiang W, Zhang F, Li Y, Li J, Liang S, Yu X, Peng C, Liu S, Wang J, Sun S, Liu H. Development of a dual-labeled, hydrolysis probe-based, real-time quantitative PCR assay for detection of both genotypes of duck circovirus-1 (DuCV-1) and DuCV-2. Virus Genes 2021; 57:453-458. [PMID: 34312741 PMCID: PMC8312713 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay based on a dual-labeled hydrolysis probe to simultaneously detect both duck circovirus (DuCV) 1 and DuCV-2. The reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity of the primer set and probe were evaluated using other duck pathogens. The detection limit was 20 copies per µL. The intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were ≤ 0.73% and the inter-assay CVs were ≤ 1.89%. No cross-reaction occurred with other duck pathogens. In addition, the qPCR assay was successfully applied to the simultaneous detection of DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 in clinical field samples. Therefore, this assay will be useful for laboratory diagnosis and epidemiological field studies of DuCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fuyou Zhang
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinping Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaobo Liang
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Zhang X, Cheng A, Wang M, Yin Z, Huang J, Jia R. Apoptosis Triggered by ORF3 Proteins of the Circoviridae Family. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:609071. [PMID: 33604306 PMCID: PMC7884757 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.609071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, a form of the programmed cell death, is an indispensable defense mechanism regulating cellular homeostasis and is triggered by multiple stimuli. Because of the regulation of apoptosis in cellular homeostasis, viral proteins with apoptotic activity are particular foci of on antitumor therapy. One representative viral protein is the open reading frame 3 (ORF3) protein, also named as apoptin in the Circoviridae chicken anemia virus (CAV), and has the ability to induce tumor-specific apoptosis. Proteins encoded by ORF3 in other circovirus species, such as porcine circovirus (PCV) and duck circovirus (DuCV), have also been reported to induce apoptosis, with subtle differences in apoptotic activity based on cell types. This article is aimed at reviewing the latest research advancements in understanding ORF3 protein-mediated apoptosis mechanisms of Circoviridae from three perspectives: subcellular localization, interactions with host proteins, and participation in multiple apoptotic signaling pathways, providing a scientific basis for circovirus pathogenesis and a reference on its potential anticancer function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingcui Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Matczuk AK, Chmielewska-Władyka M, Siedlecka M, Bednarek KJ, Wieliczko A. Short Beak and Dwarfism Syndrome in Ducks in Poland Caused by Novel Goose Parvovirus. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122397. [PMID: 33333781 PMCID: PMC7765237 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS), which was previously identified only in mule ducks, is now an emerging disease of Pekin ducks in China and Egypt. The disease is caused by the infection of ducks with a genetic variant of goose parvovirus-novel goose parvovirus (nGPV). In 2019, SBDS was observed for the first time in Poland in eight farms of Pekin ducks. Birds in the affected flock were found to show growth retardation and beak atrophy with tongue protrusions. Morbidity ranged between 15% and 40% (in one flock), while the mortality rate was 4-6%. Co-infection with duck circovirus, a known immunosuppressive agent, was observed in 85.7% of ducks. The complete coding regions of four isolates were sequenced and submitted to GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship of Polish viral sequences with the Chinese nGPV. Genomic sequence alignments showed 98.57-99.28% identity with the nGPV sequences obtained in China, and 96.42% identity with the classical GPV (cGPV; Derzsy's disease). The rate of amino acid mutations in comparison to cGPV and Chinese nGPV was higher in the Rep protein than in the Vp1 protein. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nGPV infection in Pekin ducks in Poland and Europe. It should be emphasized that monitoring and sequencing of waterfowl parvoviruses is important for tracking the viral genetic changes that enable adaptation to new species of waterbirds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karolina Matczuk
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 51-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Monika Chmielewska-Władyka
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.C.-W.); (M.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Magdalena Siedlecka
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.C.-W.); (M.S.); (A.W.)
| | | | - Alina Wieliczko
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.C.-W.); (M.S.); (A.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Cui Y, Li Y, Jiang S, Liu H, Wang J, Li Y. Simultaneous detection of duck circovirus and novel goose parvovirus via SYBR green I-based duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 53:101648. [PMID: 32798710 PMCID: PMC7426261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome (BADS) is commonly caused by co-infection with duck circovirus (DuCV) and novel goose parvovirus (NGPV). Therefore, concurrent detection of both viruses is important for monitoring and limiting BADS, although such a diagnostic test has not been reported. In this study, we developed a duplex, SYBR Green I-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to enable the simultaneous detection of DuCV and NGPV. The assay readily distinguished between the two viruses, based on their different melting temperatures (Tm), where the Tm for DuCV was 80 °C and that for NGPV was 84.5 °C. Other non-target duck viruses that were tested did not show melting peaks. The detection limit of the duplex assay was 101 copies/μL for both viruses. This method exhibited high repeatability and reproducibility, and both the inter-assay and intra-assay variation coefficients were <1.6%. Thirty-one fecal samples were collected for clinical testing using real-time PCR analysis, and the results were confirmed using sequencing. The rate of co-infection was 6.5%, which was consistent with the sequencing results. This duplex real-time PCR assay offers advantages over other tests, such as rapid, sensitive, specific, and reliable detection of both viruses in a single sample, which enables the quantitative detection of DuCV and NGPV in clinical samples. Using this test may be instrumental in reducing the incidence of BADS and the associated economic losses in the duck and goose industries. SYBR Green based PCR to simultaneously detect duck circovirus and goose parvovirus. The assay had specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yeqiu Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Shudong Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Hua Liu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, 230000, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Animal Husbandry Base Teaching and Research Section, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, PR China.
| | - Yongdong Li
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Effect of Goose Parvovirus and Duck Circovirus Coinfection in Ducks. J Vet Res 2020; 64:355-361. [PMID: 32984623 PMCID: PMC7497759 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coinfection of goose parvovirus (GPV) and duck circovirus (DuCV) occurs commonly in field cases of short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS). However, whether there is synergism between the two viruses in replication and pathogenicity remains undetermined. Material and Methods We established a coinfection model of GPV and DuCV in Cherry Valley ducks. Tissue samples were examined histopathologically. The viral loads in tissues were detected by qPCR, and the distribution of the virus in tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results Coinfection of GPV and DuCV significantly inhibited growth and development of ducks, and caused atrophy and pallor of the immune organs and necrosis of the liver. GPV and DuCV synergistically amplified pathogenicity in coinfected ducks. In the early stage of infection, viral loads of both pathogens in coinfected ducks were significantly lower than those in monoinfected ducks (P < 0.05). With the development of the infection process, GPV and DuCV loads in coinfected ducks were significantly higher than those in monoinfected ducks (P < 0.05). Extended viral distribution in the liver, kidney, duodenum, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius was consistent with the viral load increases in GPV and DuCV coinfected ducks. Conclusion These results indicate that GPV and DuCV synergistically potentiate their replication and pathogenicity in coinfected ducks.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ji J, Chen Q, Sui C, Yu Z, Xu X, Yao L, Kan Y, Bi Y, Xie Q. Novel genotype definition and genome characteristics of duck circovirus in central and Eastern China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2993-3004. [PMID: 32531142 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To explore genetic variations in duck circovirus (DuCV) and the molecular epidemiology of its infection, tissue samples were collected from 219 dead ducks from 20 farms in the central and eastern regions of China. All farms tested positive for DuCV, with duck-origin goose parvovirus, reovirus and Tembusu virus having co-infection rates of 100%, 0% and 0%, respectively. A total of 20 strains from the DuCV-positive flock were sequenced. The total sequence length was 1987-1996 nt, and the sequences shared 82% (JX499186, DuCV2 from Sichuan province, China) to 99.7% (KY328304, DuCV1 from Shandong Province, China) sequence identity with DuCV sequences available in GenBank. Hyper-variable regions were mainly located in open reading frame (ORF)2, ORF3 and intergenic regions. The tertiary structure of ORF2 from four provinces (Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang and Fujian) in China showed a canonical viral jelly roll and the antigenic epitope of ORF2 located in the bulge of the protein surface. Overall, 15 of the 20 DuCV strains are possibly derived through inter-genotypic and intragenotypic recombination. Based on sequence and phylogenetic analyses, six strains from Fujian Province clustered into a novel genotype-DuCV-1d. These findings may enrich our understanding of DuCV evolution and circulation and lay the foundation for vaccine strain selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Qinxi Chen
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Chaoge Sui
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Zhengli Yu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Coinfection of novel goose parvovirus-associated virus and duck circovirus in feather sacs of Cherry Valley ducks with feather shedding syndrome. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4227-4234. [PMID: 32867966 PMCID: PMC7598020 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2017, an infectious disease, named feather shedding syndrome (FSS), has consistently broken out in Cherry Valley ducks in East China. The sick ducks showed the new clinical symptoms of feather shedding and being plucked off with difficulty after slaughter. The high incidence rate of 20 to 70% predominantly happened in ducks of 4 to 5 wk of age, and nearly 40% mortality rate was observed in infected ducks. To explore the possible role of novel goose parvovirus–associated virus (NGPV) and duck circovirus (DuCV) in this disease, a total of 540 feather sac samples were collected from sick ducks with FSS. The infection rates of NGPV and DuCV in samples were 82.78 and 78.89%, respectively, and the coinfection rate of the 2 viruses was 70.00%. Notably, ducks of 4 to 5 wk of age usually presented obvious and severe FSS in the flocks with high codetection rate of NGPV and DuCV. Furthermore, 9 NGPV strains were isolated from feather sacs and 5 synchronous amino acid mutations were demonstrated in VP3 protein. These results indicated that coinfection of NGPV and DuCV might play an important role in duck FSS disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu H, Li LX, Sun WC, Shi N, Sun XT, Jin NY, Si XK. Molecular survey of duck circovirus infection in poultry in southern and southwestern China during 2018 and 2019. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:80. [PMID: 32138728 PMCID: PMC7059369 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duck circovirus (DuCV) is a potential immunosuppressive virus that causes feather disorders in young ducks. In this study, DuCV obtained from various species of ducks was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in southern and southwestern China (Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces) from 2018 to 2019. Results A total of 848 bursa samples were collected from dead Mulard, Cherry Valley Pekin, Muscovy and Mallard ducks from duck farms. The positivity rate of DuCV in the total sample was approximately 36.91%. We found that the prevalence of DuCV in Yunnan (43.09%) was higher than those in Guangxi (34.38%) and Guangdong (34.4%). However, the positivity rates of DuCV in the four duck species were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Nineteen randomly selected complete viral genomes were sequenced. The complete genomes of the DuCV were 1987 to 1995 nt in length, and were 81.7–99.3% homologous to the other 57 sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses based on the complete genomes of 76 DuCVs showed that the 19 novel DuCV sequences from Guangdong and Guangxi provinces mainly belonged to the DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 genetic groups, respectively. However, the two genotype groups coexisted in Yunnan Province. In addition, recombination analysis showed putative recombination sites in 3 strains in Yunnan that originated from strains Guangdong and Guangxi. Interestingly, the epidemiological investigation showed that Mulard ducks, Cherry Valley Pekin ducks and Muscovy ducks more than 4 weeks old were more susceptible to infection with the novel DuCV than ducks less than 4 weeks old. Conclusions These data provide insight into the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of DuCVs circulating in southern and southwestern China for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Li Xia Li
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.,Jilin Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center, Forestry Department of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Wen Chao Sun
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ning Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Xiu Tao Sun
- Honghe Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Mengzi, 661000, China
| | - Ning Yi Jin
- Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Xing Kui Si
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhaolong L, Guanghua F, Zhihua F, Jianhua C, Shaohua S, Rongchang L, Longfei C, Hongmei C, Chunhe W, Yu H. Evaluation of a novel inactivated vaccine against duck circovirus in muscovy ducks. Vet Microbiol 2019; 241:108574. [PMID: 31928707 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Duck circovirus (DuCV), an immunosuppressive pathogen, causes serious damage to waterfowls worldwide. A highly efficient vaccine would play a crucial role in preventing DuCV infections in the waterfowl breeding industry. However, to date, there is a dearth of commercial vaccines owing to the lack of a cell culture system for propagating the requisite virus amounts in vitro. In this study, we isolated DuCVs from Muscovy ducks, helped them proliferate using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and developed an inactivated vaccine. Muscovy ducks vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine had higher neutralizing antibody titers than the control ducks and higher protection in the challenge experiment (as assessed by weight measurement). Moreover, the inactivated vaccine did not cause feather abnormalities, growth repression, and dwarf syndrome; likewise, lesions and lymphocyte apoptosis in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and thymus were not observed. Significantly lower virus shedding from the inactivated vaccine was detected up to 42 days post-inoculation. Together, these results suggest that the inactivated DuCV vaccine can induce a high immune response, is relatively safer for Muscovy ducks, and thus it is a protective vaccine candidates against DuCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhaolong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Fu Guanghua
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Center, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Feng Zhihua
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Chen Jianhua
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Shi Shaohua
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Center, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Liu Rongchang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Center, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Cheng Longfei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Center, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Chen Hongmei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Center, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Wan Chunhe
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Center, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| | - Huang Yu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China; Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Center, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Morandini V, Dugger KM, Ballard G, Elrod M, Schmidt A, Ruoppolo V, Lescroël A, Jongsomjit D, Massaro M, Pennycook J, Kooyman GL, Schmidlin K, Kraberger S, Ainley DG, Varsani A. Identification of a Novel Adélie Penguin Circovirus at Cape Crozier (Ross Island, Antarctica). Viruses 2019; 11:v11121088. [PMID: 31766719 PMCID: PMC6950389 DOI: 10.3390/v11121088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the causes of disease in Antarctic wildlife is crucial, as many of these species are already threatened by environmental changes brought about by climate change. In recent years, Antarctic penguins have been showing signs of an unknown pathology: a feather disorder characterised by missing feathers, resulting in exposed skin. During the 2018-2019 austral summer breeding season at Cape Crozier colony on Ross Island, Antarctica, we observed for the first time an Adélie penguin chick missing down over most of its body. A guano sample was collected from the nest of the featherless chick, and using high-throughput sequencing, we identified a novel circovirus. Using abutting primers, we amplified the full genome, which we cloned and Sanger-sequenced to determine the complete genome of the circovirus. The Adélie penguin guano-associated circovirus genome shares <67% genome-wide nucleotide identity with other circoviruses, representing a new species of circovirus; therefore, we named it penguin circovirus (PenCV). Using the same primer pair, we screened 25 previously collected cloacal swabs taken at Cape Crozier from known-age adult Adélie penguins during the 2014-2015 season, displaying no clinical signs of feather-loss disorder. Three of the 25 samples (12%) were positive for a PenCV, whose genome shared >99% pairwise identity with the one identified in 2018-2019. This is the first report of a circovirus associated with a penguin species. This circovirus could be an etiological agent of the feather-loss disorder in Antarctic penguins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Morandini
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Katie M. Dugger
- US Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Grant Ballard
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Megan Elrod
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Annie Schmidt
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Valeria Ruoppolo
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens (LAPCOM), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil;
| | - Amélie Lescroël
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Dennis Jongsomjit
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Melanie Massaro
- School of Environmental Sciences, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury 2678, Australia;
| | - Jean Pennycook
- HT Harvey and Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032, USA; (J.P.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Gerald L. Kooyman
- Scholander Hall, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0204, USA;
| | - Kara Schmidlin
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (K.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (K.S.); (S.K.)
| | - David G. Ainley
- HT Harvey and Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032, USA; (J.P.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (K.S.); (S.K.)
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu ZC, Xia XJ, Li HR, Jiang SJ, Ma ZY, Wang X. Tandem repeat sequence of duck circovirus serves as downstream sequence element to regulate viral gene expression. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108496. [PMID: 31767077 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Duck circovirus (DuCV) has a small, single-stranded circular DNA genome of approximately 1.99 kb. Through a genome sequence analysis using the dottup program, we found that a quadruple tandem repeat sequence (QTR) in the intergenic region between the rep and cap genes of the DuCV genome, but not in other circoviruses. The QTR was also substantially different and evolutionarily conserved in the genotype 1 and 2 DuCV strains. Furthermore, a luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that QTR functioned as a downstream sequence element (DSE) of polyadenylation signals to enhance mRNA stability, which was dependent on four copies but not the QTR direction. Cap and Rep expression derived by subgenomic constructs also revealed a critical role of QTR in regulating viral gene expression. Finally, a reverse genetic study of a DuCV-based minicircle DNA technique found that a deletion of QTR induced a significant deficiency in viral genes transcription and replication. Our findings were the first to report that QTR only exists in the DuCV genome and serves as a novel molecular marker of DuCV genotyping, and has revealed its crucial biological function in regulating viral gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan-Chang Wu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, No. 90, Hualan Street, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Hao-Ran Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi City, Shandong, 276005, PR China
| | - Shi-Jin Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi City, Shandong, 276005, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Duck circovirus induces a new pathogenetic characteristic, primary sclerosing cholangitis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 63:31-36. [PMID: 30961815 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, cholestatic liver disease of unknown cause. In the study, we found that duck circovirus (DuCV) induces PSC in natural and reproductive cases. PSC in DuCV naturally infected ducks was investigated by PCR and histopathology. A model of PSC was developed in one-day old duck by infection of DuCV. Effects on serum levels of liver enzymes and histology were evaluated, and DuCV tropism for bile duct in liver was analyzed by immuohistochemistry. Pathology observation of natural or reproductive DuCV infected ducks showed that the lesion of liver were characterized by cholangiocytic injuries and progressive fibrous obliteration of the biliary tree associated with lymphocytes infiltration. ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, ALB, TBIL and TP were significantly increased in serum of DuCV infected ducks. DuCV showed higher tropism for epithelial cells of bile duct than other cells in PSC.
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang J, Yang C, Jia R, Wang M, Chen S, Liu M, Zhu D, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yin Z, Jing B, Cheng A. Induction of a protective response in ducks vaccinated with a DNA vaccine encoding engineered duck circovirus Capsid protein. Vet Microbiol 2018; 225:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
25
|
Hong YT, Kang M, Jang HK. Pathogenesis of duck circovirus genotype 1 in experimentally infected Pekin ducks. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3050-3057. [PMID: 29788411 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ducks infected with duck circovirus (DuCV) exhibit feathering disorder, growth retardation, and low body weight. The virus can induce immunosuppression and increase rates of infection caused by other pathogens. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the pathogenesis of DuCV in experimentally infected Pekin ducks. At postmortem examination, gross lesions were observed in the immune organs including bursa of Fabricius (BF), thymus, and spleen. Hemorrhage, lymphocytic depletion, necrosis, and degeneration were observed in the bursal tissues by histological examination. The TUNEL assay was performed with bursal tissue. There was a significant difference of the apoptosis rate between the negative and DuCV-infected ducks. The earliest time point for detection of DuCV DNA in sera, cloacal swabs, and organs was 1 wk post-infection (WPI). Viral shedding was persistent and detectable at the end of the experiment (10 WPI). The findings provide evidence that horizontal transmission and persistent infection are the characteristics of DuCV. The organ with the highest mean viral load was the spleen, followed by BF, cecal tonsil, lung, thymus, liver, and kidney. We successfully established an experimental DuCV genotype 1 (DuCV-1) infection in Pekin ducks and demonstrated the pathogenicity and persistence of DuCV-1. In conclusion, DuCV-1 caused extensive damage to the immune organs that may have resulted in immunosuppression. Pathobiological characteristics of DuCV-1 include systemic infection, persistent infection, and horizontal transmission. These features allow DuCV-1 to circulate more easily in farms and increase the susceptibility of ducks to other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - H-K Jang
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Niu X, Liu L, Han C, Li J, Zeng X. First findings of duck circovirus in migrating wild ducks in China. Vet Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
27
|
Li P, Li J, Zhang R, Chen J, Wang W, Lan J, Xie Z, Jiang S. Duck "beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome" disease complex: Interplay of novel goose parvovirus-related virus and duck circovirus? Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:345-351. [PMID: 29341432 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As a newly emerged infectious disease, duck "beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome (BADS)" disease has caused huge economic losses to waterfowl industry in China since 2015. Novel goose parvovirus-related virus (NGPV) is believed the main pathogen of BADS disease; however, BADS is rarely reproduced by infecting ducks with NGPV alone. As avian circovirus infection causes clinical symptoms similar to BADS, duck circovirus (DuCV) is suspected the minor pathogen of BADS disease. In this study, an investigation was carried out to determine the coinfection of NGPV and DuCV in duck embryos and in ducks with BADS disease. According to our study, the coinfection of emerging NGPV and DuCV was prevalent in East China (Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui province) and could be vertical transmitted, indicating their cooperative roles in duck BADS disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - R Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - J Lan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Z Xie
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - S Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Stenzel T, Koncicki A. The epidemiology, molecular characterization and clinical pathology of circovirus infections in pigeons - current knowledge. Vet Q 2017; 37:166-174. [PMID: 28463055 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1325972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The first cases of circovirus infections in pigeons were documented less than 25 years ago. Since then, circovirus infections have been reported on nearly all continents. The specificity of pigeon breeding defies biosecurity principles, which could be the reason for the high prevalence of PiCV infections. PiCV infections in pigeons lead to atrophy of immune system organs and lymphocyte apoptosis. Infected birds could be more susceptible to infections of the respiratory and digestive tract. PiCV has been associated with the young pigeon disease syndrome (YPDS). PiCVs are characterized by high levels of genetic diversity due to frequent point mutations, recombination processes in the PiCV genome and positive selection. Genetic recombinations and positive selection play the key role in the evolution of PiCV. A protocol for culturing PiCV under laboratory conditions has not yet been developed, and traditional vaccines against the infection are not available. Recombinant capsid proteins for detecting anti-PiCV antibodies have been obtained, and these antigens can be used in the production of diagnostic tests and subunit vaccines against PiCV infections. However, YPDS has complex etiology, and it remains unknown whether immunization against PiCV alone will contribute to effective control of YPDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Stenzel
- a Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Warmia and Mazury , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Andrzej Koncicki
- a Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Warmia and Mazury , Olsztyn , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu ZC, Zhang RH, Li YM, Shao DH, Chen H, Jiang SJ, Ma ZY, Wang X. C-terminal 20 residues of ORF3 protein of duck circovirus genotype 2 regulates the nuclear localization and inhibits apoptotic activity of ORF3 protein. Vet Microbiol 2017; 214:21-27. [PMID: 29408028 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Duck circovirus (DuCV) is divided into genotypes 1 and 2. The DuCV ORF3 protein is a newly identified viral protein with apoptotic activity. In this study, the differences in the gene sequences, subcellular localization, and apoptotic activities of the ORF3 proteins of DuCV genotypes 1 and 2 were analyzed. A T-to-A point mutation at nucleotide 236 (T236A) in the ORF3 gene sequence of DuCV genotype 1 was observed, which generates a premature stop codon (TAG) and resulted in a truncated ORF3 protein. The ORF3 protein of DuCV genotype 2 is 20 amino acids longer at its C-terminus than the truncated ORF3 protein of genotype 1. A variant monopartite-type nuclear localization signal (RRLRTCNCRACRTLK) was identified within the C-terminal region of the ORF3 protein of DuCV genotype 2, which is essential for the nuclear localization of the protein. The 20 C-terminal residues of the DuCV genotype 2 ORF3 protein also inhibits the apoptotic activity of the protein. Our findings provide insight into the biological and functional characteristics of the DuCV ORF3 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan-Chang Wu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 518, Ziyue road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Rui-Hua Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 518, Ziyue road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Dong-Hua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 518, Ziyue road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Hua Chen
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi City, Shandong, 276005, PR China
| | - Shi-Jin Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 518, Ziyue road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi City, Shandong, 276005, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Niu X, Wang H, Wei L, Zhang M, Yang J, Chen H, Tang Y, Diao Y. Epidemiological investigation of H9 avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, Tembusu virus, goose parvovirus and goose circovirus infection of geese in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:e304-e316. [PMID: 29134777 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To deepen the knowledge about epidemic prevalence in the goose breeding field, a triplex PCR assay was established, and 478 samples were collected from scaled goose farms in 11 provinces in China. The results of this epidemiological investigation showed that incidence rates of H9 avian influenza and goose circovirus were the highest among five infectious diseases that were evaluated. In addition, the triplex PCR assay established remarkable sensitivity, rapidity and versatility compared to other diagnostic methods. Dual infection comprised a large proportion of the co-infections in the field, of which the combinations of H9/Tembusu, H9/goose circovirus and goose circovirus/Tembusu co-infected cases were more common. Epidemics were more severe in winter and spring. Additionally, significant differences in the prevalence of these infectious diseases were observed in association with different age groups. In addition, phylogenetic analysis, determined by the neighbour-joining method, was carried out to investigate the evolution of these viruses during the study period. For the most part, virus strains isolated during the study were consistent with most goose-origin strains isolated from the Chinese mainland over the past few years. However, mutations were observed between isolated H9 avian influenza virus strains and sequences available from GenBank, which should draw much attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Niu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China
| | - H Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China
| | - L Wei
- Taian City Central Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - M Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China
| | - J Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China
| | - H Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Y Tang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China
| | - Y Diao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fehér E, Kaszab E, Forró B, Bali K, Marton S, Lengyel G, Bányai K. Genome sequence of a mallard duck origin cyclovirus, DuACyV-1. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3925-3929. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
32
|
Yang C, Xu Y, Jia R, Li P, Zhang L, Wang M, Zhu D, Chen S, Liu M, Yin Z, Cheng A. Prokaryotic expression of a codon-optimized capsid gene from duck circovirus and its application to an indirect ELISA. J Virol Methods 2017; 247:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
33
|
Discovery and complete genome sequence of a novel circovirus-like virus in the endangered rowi kiwi, Apteryx rowi. Virus Genes 2016; 52:727-31. [PMID: 27115421 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Circoviruses are circular, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA viruses around 2000 nucleotides (nt) in length and include the pathogenic species, Porcine circovirus 1 and Beak and feather disease virus, capable of causing significant morbidity and mortality. This group of viruses may be robust to degradation by external environments, and avian circoviruses are known to move between closely related hosts. Using a de novo metagenomic approach, followed by confirmatory PCR, we identify for the first time a circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA virus in New Zealand kiwi, Apteryx spp., derived from faecal matter of the rowi kiwi (A. rowi) showing signs of verminous dermatitis. The entire 2085 nt genome was cloned and sequenced and contains both capsid and replicase genes, as well as a conserved 9 nt motif. Phylogenetic analyses place it within Circoviridae, adjacent to other environmental CRESS-DNA viruses, and most closely related to badger circovirus-like virus (Meles meles circovirus-like virus). As the rowi is the most critically endangered kiwi, it is vital to understand the role of rowi kiwi circovirus-like virus as a possible pathogen and also any potential cross-species transmission.
Collapse
|
34
|
Li P, Zhang Z, Jia R, Mao S, Wang M, Jia R, Liu M, Zhu D, Chen S, Sun K, Yin Z, Chen X, Cheng A. Rescue of a duck circovirus from an infectious DNA clone in ducklings. Virol J 2015; 12:82. [PMID: 26025466 PMCID: PMC4450480 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duck circovirus may predispose the host to immunosuppression and may serve as an immunological trigger for further complicated disease progression. Due to the lack of a cell culture system for propagating DuCV, little is known regarding the molecular biology and pathogenesis of DuCV. The aim of this study was to describe the construction and initial in vivo characterization of full-length DNA clones of DuCV (pIC-Mu2DuCV) and its infectivity under in vivo conditions. Method The constructed pIC-Mu2DuCV contained two copies of the whole DuCV genome and an introduced Xho I restriction enzyme site. Eighty-one 10-day-old conventional ducklings that were free of DuCV were randomly divided equally into three groups (1, 2 and 3). The ducklings in groups 1, 2 and 3 were inoculated intramuscularly with pIC-Mu2DuCV, wild-type virus GH01 and PBS, respectively. Subsequently, all of the ducklings were examined clinically, which were each given a physical condition score, and their rectal temperatures were taken daily during the experimental period. DuCV genomes in serum samples and in various tissues from all of the ducklings at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 21 and 28 DPC were detected by PCR and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Results The average daily weight gain (ADWG) of group 3 was significantly higher than those of groups 1 and 2, and the temperature of all ducklings was stable between 41.7 °C and 42.2 °C. The clinical values (physical condition scores) of groups 1, 2 and 3 were 12.5, 15.6 and 0, respectively. In addition, viremia occurred at 15 and 10 days post-challenge (DPC) in groups 1 and 2, and antibodies could be detected in these ducklings at 21 and 15 DPC. Proliferation ability analysis showed that the viral titers of group 1 were lower than those of their parental viruses in group 2. Conclusion This study shows that the rescued viruses are not significantly different but exhibit lower pathogenicity and proliferation ability compared with the parental virus. The results will facilitate future studies on DuCV pathogenesis and biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Avian Disease Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhilong Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Avian Disease Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Avian Disease Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sai Mao
- Avian Disease Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Avian Disease Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruiling Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Avian Disease Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Avian Disease Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Avian Disease Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Avian Disease Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kunfeng Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Avian Disease Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Avian Disease Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Avian Disease Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Complete genome sequence of a novel circovirus from zebra finch. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/3/e00560-15. [PMID: 26021933 PMCID: PMC4447918 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00560-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel circovirus was identified in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). The genome of the circovirus strain, designated 8454V25-1, comprised 1,982 nucleotides with two major open reading frames encoding a replication-associated protein and a viral capsid protein.
Collapse
|
36
|
Analysis of synonymous codon usage pattern in duck circovirus. Gene 2015; 557:138-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
37
|
Mahzounieh M, Heidari Khoei H, Ghasemi Shamsabadi M, Dastjerdi A. Detection and phylogenetic characterization of Columbid circoviruses in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, Iran. Avian Pathol 2014; 43:524-8. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.966648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
38
|
Zhang Z, Dai W, Wang S, Dai D. Epidemiology and genetic characteristics of pigeon circovirus (PiCV) in eastern China. Arch Virol 2014; 160:199-206. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
39
|
Li Z, Wang X, Zhang R, Chen J, Xia L, Lin S, Xie Z, Jiang S. Evidence of possible vertical transmission of duck circovirus. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:229-32. [PMID: 25263494 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that duck circovirus (DuCV) may be vertically transmitted from infected breeder ducks to their ducklings, we investigated 120 newly hatched ducklings, 30 dead duck embryos and 80 non-embryonated duck eggs with the duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DuCV DNA was present in 15 newly hatched ducklings, 4 duck embryos and 3 non-embryonated eggs. Four ducklings from two flocks were co-infected by DuCV-1 and DuCV-2, three ducklings from three flocks were DuCV-1 single infection, and eight ducklings from six flocks were DuCV-2 single infection. One duck embryo and one non-embryonated egg were positive for both DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 DNAs, one embryo for DuCV-1 DNA, and two embryos and two non-embryonated eggs for DuCV-2 DNA. The findings provide evidence of possible vertical transmission of DuCV and simultaneous transmission of DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 from breeder ducks to ducklings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Junhao Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Linlin Xia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoli Lin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijing Xie
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculteral University,Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xie L, Xie Z, Zhao G, Liu J, Pang Y, Deng X, Xie Z, Fan Q, Luo S. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the visual detection of duck circovirus. Virol J 2014; 11:76. [PMID: 24775810 PMCID: PMC4013541 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duck circovirus (DuCV) infection in farmed ducks is associated with growth problems or retardation syndromes. Rapid identification of DuCV infected ducks is essential to control DuCV effectively. Therefore, this study aims to develop of an assay for DuCV to be highly specific, sensitive, and simple without any specialized equipment. METHODS A set of six specific primers was designed to target the sequences of the Rep gene of DuCV, and A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay were developed and the reaction conditions were optimized for rapid detection of DuCV. RESULTS The LAMP assay reaction was conducted in a 62°C water bath condition for 50 min. Then the amplification products were visualized directly for color changes. This LAMP assay is highly sensitive and able to detect twenty copies of DuCV DNA. The specificity of this LAMP assay was supported by no cross-reaction with other duck pathogens. CONCLUSION This LAMP method for DuCV is highly specific and sensitive and can be used as a rapid and direct diagnostic assay for testing clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liji Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, 530001 Nanning, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, 530001 Nanning, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, 530001 Nanning, China
| | - Jiabo Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, 530001 Nanning, China
| | - Yaoshan Pang
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, 530001 Nanning, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, 530001 Nanning, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, 530001 Nanning, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, 530001 Nanning, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, 530001 Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cha SY, Song ET, Kang M, Wei B, Seo HS, Roh JH, Yoon RH, Moon OK, Jang HK. Prevalence of duck circovirus infection of subclinical pekin ducks in South Korea. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:597-9. [PMID: 24366154 PMCID: PMC4064150 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to determine the prevalence and infection
pattern of duck circovirus (DuCV) in subclinical Pekin ducks on South Korean duck farms. A
total of 147 samples collected from 92 duck farms in five provinces were examined from
2011 to 2012. The overall prevalence of DuCV PCR-positive pooled bursa of Fabricius and
liver samples was 21.8% (32/147). The prevalence of DuCV PCR-positive samples increased
significantly in 3-week-old ducks compared with that in 1-week-old ducks
(P<0.05). DuCV in association with Riemerella and
Salmonella infections (10.9%; 16/147) occurred at the same level as
infection with DuCV alone (10.9%; 16/147). In comparison of the relationship between
bacterial diseases (salmonellosis, Riemerella infection) and morbidity in
farms with and without DuCV, morbidity was higher in circovirus-positive farms (50%;
16/32) than in circovirus-negative farms (26.1%; 30/115). Our findings provide baseline
information on the degree of DuCV infection and distribution and pattern of DuCV in ducks,
and it is evident that DuCV can be associated with subclinical diseases and that
subclinical infection could be economically important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Yeoun Cha
- Departments of Infectious Diseases & Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cha SY, Kang M, Cho JG, Jang HK. Genetic analysis of duck circovirus in Pekin ducks from South Korea. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2886-91. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
43
|
Zhang Z, Jia R, Lu Y, Wang M, Zhu D, Chen S, Yin Z, Chen X, Cheng A. Identification, genotyping, and molecular evolution analysis of duck circovirus. Gene 2013; 529:288-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
44
|
Complete Genome Sequence of the Novel Duck Circovirus Strain GH01 from Southwestern China. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:genomeA00166-12. [PMID: 23405313 PMCID: PMC3569302 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00166-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel duck circovirus (DuCV) strain, designated GH01, was isolated from ducklings in southwestern China. We report the genome sequence of GH01 and the genomic organization and genetic relationship to other DuCVs. The availability of the genome sequence will be helpful to investigations of epidemiology and the evolutionary biology of this organism and the development of preventive vaccines.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
We report here the complete genomic sequence of a novel duck circovirus (DuCV) strain, GX1104, isolated from Guangxi pockmark ducks in Guangxi, China. The whole nucleotide sequence had the highest homology (97.2%) with the sequence of strain TC/2002 (GenBank accession number AY394721.1) and had a low homology (76.8% to 78.6%) with the sequences of other strains isolated from China, Germany, and the United States. This report will help to understand the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of Guangxi pockmark duck circovirus in southern China.
Collapse
|
46
|
Identification of two functional nuclear localization signals in the capsid protein of duck circovirus. Virology 2012; 436:112-7. [PMID: 23174505 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The capsid protein (CP) of duck circovirus (DuCV) is the major immunogenic protein and has a high proportion of arginine residues concentrated at the N terminus of the protein, which inhibits efficient mRNA translation in prokaryotic expression systems. In this study, we investigated the subcellular distribution of DuCV CP expressed via recombinant baculoviruses in Sf9 cells and the DNA binding activities of the truncated recombinant DuCV CPs. The results showed that two independent bipartite nuclear localization signals (NLSs) situated at N-terminal 1-17 and 18-36 amino acid residue of the CP. Moreover, two expression level regulatory signals (ELRSs) and two DNA binding signals (DBSs) were also mapped to the N terminus of the protein and overlapped with the two NLSs. The ability of CP to bind DNA, coupled with the karyophilic nature of this protein, strongly suggests that it may be responsible for nuclear targeting of the viral genome.
Collapse
|
47
|
Xiang QW, Wang X, Xie ZJ, Sun YN, Zhu YL, Wang SJ, Liu HJ, Jiang SJ. ORF3 of duck circovirus: A novel protein with apoptotic activity. Vet Microbiol 2012; 159:251-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
48
|
Zhang XX, Liu SN, Xie ZJ, Kong YB, Jiang SJ. Complete genome sequence analysis of duck circovirus strains from Cherry Valley duck. Virol Sin 2012; 27:154-64. [PMID: 22684469 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-012-3214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate molecular epidemiology of DuCV in Cherry Valley ducks in China, the complete genomes of six DuCV strains, which were detected from Cherry Valley ducks in China between 2007 and 2008, were sequenced. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis were carried out to compare these six strains with another 27 DuCV strains from Mulard duck, Muscovy duck, Pekin ducks and Mule duck. The analysis showed that the six DuCV strains exhibited typical genetic features of the family of DuCV, such as a stem-loop structure, three major open reading frames (Rep, Cap and ORF3), four intergenic repeats and the conserved motifs for rolling circle replication and for the dNTP binding domain located in the Rep protein. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the complete genome and Cap gene of these strains together with those that have been previously published demonstrated two distinct DuCV genotypes. The DuCV strains with complete genomes containing 1988 and 1989 nucleotides clustered in genotype A, whereas the strains with complete genomes containing 1991, 1992, 1995 and 1996 nucleotides lay in genotype B. The six DuCV strains from Cherry Valley ducks were divided into the two groups. The results of the study provides some insight into the variation of DuCVs in Cherry Valley ducks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-xiao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wan C, Huang Y, Cheng L, Fu G, Shi SH, Chen H, Peng C, Lin F, Lin J. The development of a rapid SYBR Green I-based quantitative PCR for detection of Duck circovirus. Virol J 2011; 8:465. [PMID: 21978576 PMCID: PMC3198713 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes a one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction assay based on SYBR Green I for detection of a broad range of duck circovirus (DuCV). Align with all DuCV complete genome sequences and other Genus Circovirus download from the GenBank (such as goose circovirus, pigeon circovirus), the primers targets to the replicate gene of DuCV were designed. The detection assay was linear in the range of 1.31 × 102-1.31 × 107 copies/μL. The reaction efficiency of the assay using the slope (the slope was -3.349) and the Y-intercept was 37.01 from the linear equation was estimated to be 0.99 and the correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.993. A series of experiments were carried out to assess the reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity of the assay, following by the low intra-assay and inter-assay CVs for CT values obtained with the standard plasmids. The intra-assay CVs were equal or less than 1.89% and the inter-assay CVs were equal or less than 1.26%. There was no cross-reaction occurred with nucleic acids extracted from RA (Riemerella anatipestifer), E. coli (Escherichia coli), Duck Cholera (Pasteurella multocida), Avian influenza virus, avian paramyxovirus, Muscovy duck parvovirus, Duck reovirus, Duck hepatitis A virus as control templates. The nucleic acids extracted from samples of healthy ducks were used as negative controls. The assay was specific and reproducible. The established real time PCR was used to detect 45 DuCV-negative samples, which were tested using conventional PCR under the developed optimal conditions, each 15 for embryonated eggs, non-embryonated budgerigar eggs, newly hatched duck, the mixture of the lung, liver, spleen which were analysis for the presence of DuCV DNA, to conform that whether the DuCV can be transmitted vertically. Meanwhile, no positive result was shown by the real-time PCR method. The SYBR Green I-based quantitative PCR can therefore be practically used as an alternative diagnostic tool and a screening method for ducks infected with duck circovirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhe Wan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Epidemiological investigation and genome analysis of duck circovirus in Southern China. Virol Sin 2011; 26:289-96. [PMID: 21979568 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-011-3192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck circovirus (DuCV), a potential immunosuppressive virus, was investigated in Southern China from March 2006 to December 2009 by using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method. In this study, a total of 138 sick or dead duck samples from 18 different farms were examined with an average DuCV infection rate of ∼35%. It was found that ducks between the ages of 40∼60 days were more susceptible to DuCV. There was no evidence showing that the DuCV virus was capable of vertical transmission. Farms with positive PCR results exhibited no regularly apparent clinical abnormalities such as feathering disorders, growth retardation or lower-than-average weight. The complete genomes of 9 strains from Fujian Province and 1 from Zhejiang Province were sequenced and analyzed. The 10 DuCV genomes, compared with others genomes downloaded from GenBank, ranged in size from 1988 to 1996 base pairs, with sequence identities ranging from 83.2% to 99.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome sequences demonstrated that DuCVs can be divided into two distinct genetic genotypes, Group I (the Euro-USA lineage) and Group II (the Taiwan lineage), with approximately 10.0% genetic difference between the two types. Molecular epidemiological data suggest there is no obvious difference among DuCV strains isolated from different geographic locations or different species, including Duck, Muscovy duck, Mule duck, Cheery duck, Mulard duck and Pekin duck.
Collapse
|