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Taillieu E, Taelman S, De Bruyckere S, Goossens E, Chantziaras I, Van Steenkiste C, Yde P, Hanssens S, De Meyer D, Van Criekinge W, Stock M, Maes D, Chiers K, Haesebrouck F. The role of Helicobacter suis, Fusobacterium gastrosuis, and the pars oesophageal microbiota in gastric ulceration in slaughter pigs receiving meal or pelleted feed. Vet Res 2024; 55:15. [PMID: 38317242 PMCID: PMC10845778 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of causative infectious agents in ulceration of the non-glandular part of the porcine stomach (pars oesophagea). In total, 150 stomachs from slaughter pigs were included, 75 from pigs that received a meal feed, 75 from pigs that received an equivalent pelleted feed with a smaller particle size. The pars oesophagea was macroscopically examined after slaughter. (q)PCR assays for H. suis, F. gastrosuis and H. pylori-like organisms were performed, as well as 16S rRNA sequencing for pars oesophagea microbiome analyses. All 150 pig stomachs showed lesions. F. gastrosuis was detected in 115 cases (77%) and H. suis in 117 cases (78%), with 92 cases (61%) of co-infection; H. pylori-like organisms were detected in one case. Higher infectious loads of H. suis increased the odds of severe gastric lesions (OR = 1.14, p = 0.038), while the presence of H. suis infection in the pyloric gland zone increased the probability of pars oesophageal erosions [16.4% (95% CI 0.6-32.2%)]. The causal effect of H. suis was mediated by decreased pars oesophageal microbiome diversity [-1.9% (95% CI - 5.0-1.2%)], increased abundances of Veillonella and Campylobacter spp., and decreased abundances of Lactobacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Enterobacteriaceae spp. Higher infectious loads of F. gastrosuis in the pars oesophagea decreased the odds of severe gastric lesions (OR = 0.8, p = 0.0014). Feed pelleting had no significant impact on the prevalence of severe gastric lesions (OR = 1.72, p = 0.28). H. suis infections are a risk factor for ulceration of the porcine pars oesophagea, probably mediated through alterations in pars oesophageal microbiome diversity and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Taillieu
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Steff Taelman
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, BIOBIX, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, KERMIT, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- BioLizard Nv, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Bruyckere
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evy Goossens
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ilias Chantziaras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Steenkiste
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital Maria Middelares, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Wim Van Criekinge
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, BIOBIX, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Stock
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, BIOBIX, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, KERMIT, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Zhang G, Wang J, Zhao Z, Xin T, Fan X, Shen Q, Raheem A, Lee CR, Jiang H, Ding J. Regulated necrosis, a proinflammatory cell death, potentially counteracts pathogenic infections. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:637. [PMID: 35869043 PMCID: PMC9307826 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of cell apoptosis, other gene-regulated cell deaths are gradually appreciated, including pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. Necroptosis is, so far, one of the best-characterized regulated necrosis. In response to diverse stimuli (death receptor or toll-like receptor stimulation, pathogenic infection, or other factors), necroptosis is initiated and precisely regulated by the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) with the involvement of its partners (RIPK1, TRIF, DAI, or others), ultimately leading to the activation of its downstream substrate, mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). Necroptosis plays a significant role in the host's defense against pathogenic infections. Although much has been recognized regarding modulatory mechanisms of necroptosis during pathogenic infection, the exact role of necroptosis at different stages of infectious diseases is still being unveiled, e.g., how and when pathogens utilize or evade necroptosis to facilitate their invasion and how hosts manipulate necroptosis to counteract these detrimental effects brought by pathogenic infections and further eliminate the encroaching pathogens. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent progress in the role of necroptosis during a series of viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections with zoonotic potentials, aiming to provide references and directions for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of both human and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Zhang
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- grid.508381.70000 0004 0647 272XShenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, 518000 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Zhanran Zhao
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA
| | - Ting Xin
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xuezheng Fan
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Qingchun Shen
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Abdul Raheem
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Present Address: Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chae Rhim Lee
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Present Address: University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jiabo Ding
- grid.464332.4Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
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Taillieu E, Chiers K, Amorim I, Gärtner F, Maes D, Van Steenkiste C, Haesebrouck F. Gastric Helicobacter species associated with dogs, cats and pigs: significance for public and animal health. Vet Res 2022; 53:42. [PMID: 35692057 PMCID: PMC9190127 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on the pathogenic significance of Helicobacter species naturally colonizing the stomach of dogs, cats and pigs. These gastric "non-Helicobacter (H.) pylori Helicobacter species" (NHPH) are less well-known than the human adapted H. pylori. Helicobacter suis has been associated with gastritis and decreased daily weight gain in pigs. Several studies also attribute a role to this pathogen in the development of hyperkeratosis and ulceration of the non-glandular stratified squamous epithelium of the pars oesophagea of the porcine stomach. The stomach of dogs and cats can be colonized by several Helicobacter species but their pathogenic significance for these animals is probably low. Helicobacter suis as well as several canine and feline gastric Helicobacter species may also infect humans, resulting in gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcers, and low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. These agents may be transmitted to humans most likely through direct or indirect contact with dogs, cats and pigs. Additional possible transmission routes include consumption of water and, for H. suis, also consumption of contaminated pork. It has been described that standard H. pylori eradication therapy is usually also effective to eradicate the NHPH in human patients, although acquired antimicrobial resistance may occasionally occur and porcine H. suis strains are intrinsically less susceptible to aminopenicillins than non-human primate H. suis strains and other gastric Helicobacter species. Virulence factors of H. suis and the canine and feline gastric Helicobacter species include urease activity, motility, chemotaxis, adhesins and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. These NHPH, however, lack orthologs of cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island and vacuolating cytotoxin A, which are major virulence factors in H. pylori. It can be concluded that besides H. pylori, gastric Helicobacter species associated with dogs, cats and pigs are also clinically relevant in humans. Although recent research has provided better insights regarding pathogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies, a lot remains to be investigated, including true prevalence rates, exact modes of transmission and molecular pathways underlying disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Taillieu
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Irina Amorim
- Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Steenkiste
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital Maria Middelares, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Presence of Helicobacter pylori and H. suis DNA in Free-Range Wild Boars. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051269. [PMID: 33925029 PMCID: PMC8146769 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Helicobacter pylori and H. suis are associated with gastric pathologies in humans. To obtain better insights into the potential role of wild boars as reservoirs of these pathogens, gastric samples of 14 animals were tested for the presence of H. pylori and H. suis DNA. Two wild boars were found PCR-positive for H. pylori and one for H. suis. This indicates that these microorganisms may colonize the stomach of wild boars. Abstract Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects half of the human population worldwide, causing gastric disorders, such as chronic gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcers, and gastric malignancies. Helicobacter suis (H. suis) is mainly associated with pigs, but can also colonize the stomach of humans, resulting in gastric pathologies. In pigs, H. suis can induce gastritis and seems to play a role in gastric ulcer disease, seriously affecting animal production and welfare. Since close interactions between domestic animals, wildlife, and humans can increase bacterial transmission risk between species, samples of gastric tissue of 14 free range wild boars (Sus scrofa) were evaluated for the presence of H. pylori and H. suis using PCR. Samples from the antral gastric mucosa from two animals were PCR-positive for H. pylori and another one for H. suis. These findings indicate that these microorganisms were able to colonize the stomach of wild boars and raise awareness for their putative intervention in Helicobacter spp. transmission cycle.
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Mohammadi M, Talebi Bezmin Abadi A, Rahimi F, Forootan M. Helicobacter heilmannii Colonization Is Associated with High Risk for Gastritis. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:423-427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Augustin AD, Savio A, Nevel A, Ellis RJ, Weller C, Taylor D, Tucker RM, Ibrahim MAA, Bjarnason I, Dobbs SM, Dobbs RJ, Charlett A. Helicobacter suis Is Associated With Mortality in Parkinson's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:188. [PMID: 31555648 PMCID: PMC6724659 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Its eradication, in a randomized placebo-controlled trial, improved PD hypokinesia. Helicobacter species zoonosis might explain excess mortality from PD and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in livestock, but not arable, farmers. Indeed, Helicobacter is causally-associated with gastric lymphoma. We have previously shown that the relative-frequency, H. suis to H. pylori, was 10-times greater in 60 PD-patients than in 256 controls. We now go on to evaluate the pathological significance of H. suis, detected in gastric-biopsy DNA-extracts by ureA-based species-specific qPCR, validated by amplicon sequencing. The methodology had been cross-validated by a carR-based PCR. The pathological significance is put in context of H. pylori detection [urea-breath-test (UBT) with biopsy-culture, and, if negative, PCR], and the potential reservoir in pigs. Here, we explore, in these 60 PD-patients, associations of H. suis status with all-cause-mortality, and with orthostatic cardiovascular and blood profiling. H. suis had been detected in 19 of the 60 PD-patients on one or more occasion, only two (with co-existent H. pylori) being UBT positive. We found that the hazard-of-death (age-at-diagnosis- and gender-adjusted) was 12 (95% CI 1,103) times greater (likelihood-ratio test, P = 0.005) with H. suis-positivity (6/19) than with negativity (2/40: one lost to follow-up). UBT-values did not influence the hazard. H. suis-positivity was associated with lower standing mean-arterial-pressure [6 (1, 11) mmHg], H. pylori-positivity having no effect. The lower total lymphocyte count with H. pylori-positivity [-8 (-1, -14) %] was not seen with H. suis, where T-cell counts were higher [24 (2, 52) %]. Regarding the potential zoonotic reservoir in the UK, Helicobacter-like-organism frequency was determined in freshly-slaughtered pigs, nature ascertained by sequencing. Organisms immunostaining for Helicobacter, with corkscrew morphology typical of non-H. pylori Helicobacter, were seen in 47% of 111 pig-antra. We conclude that H. suis is associated with all-cause-mortality in PD and has a potential zoonotic reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha D. Augustin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Savio
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Histopathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Nevel
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Clive Weller
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Taylor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind M. Tucker
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ingvar Bjarnason
- Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia M. Dobbs
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R. John Dobbs
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - André Charlett
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Statistics, Modelling and Economics, Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
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Quintana-Hayashi MP, Padra M, Padra JT, Benktander J, Lindén SK. Mucus-Pathogen Interactions in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Farmed Animals. Microorganisms 2018; 6:E55. [PMID: 29912166 PMCID: PMC6027344 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal infections cause significant challenges and economic losses in animal husbandry. As pathogens becoming resistant to antibiotics are a growing concern worldwide, alternative strategies to treat infections in farmed animals are necessary in order to decrease the risk to human health and increase animal health and productivity. Mucosal surfaces are the most common route used by pathogens to enter the body. The mucosal surface that lines the gastrointestinal tract is covered by a continuously secreted mucus layer that protects the epithelial surface. The mucus layer is the first barrier the pathogen must overcome for successful colonization, and is mainly composed of densely glycosylated proteins called mucins. The vast array of carbohydrate structures present on the mucins provide an important setting for host-pathogen interactions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on gastrointestinal mucins and their role during infections in farmed animals. We examine the interactions between mucins and animal pathogens, with a focus on how pathogenic bacteria can modify the mucin environment in the gut, and how this in turn affects pathogen adhesion and growth. Finally, we discuss analytical challenges and complexities of the mucus-based defense, as well as its potential to control infections in farmed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena P Quintana-Hayashi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Médea Padra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - János Tamás Padra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - John Benktander
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sara K Lindén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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De Witte C, Taminiau B, Flahou B, Hautekiet V, Daube G, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F. In-feed bambermycin medication induces anti-inflammatory effects and prevents parietal cell loss without influencing Helicobacter suis colonization in the stomach of mice. Vet Res 2018; 49:35. [PMID: 29636083 PMCID: PMC5894178 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The minimum inhibitory concentration of bambermycin on three porcine Helicobacter suis strains was shown to be 8 μg/mL. The effect of in-feed medication with this antibiotic on the course of a gastric infection with one of these strains, the host response and the gastric microbiota was determined in mice, as all of these parameters may be involved in gastric pathology. In H. suis infected mice which were not treated with bambermycin, an increased number of infiltrating B-cells, T-cells and macrophages in combination with a Th2 response was demonstrated, as well as a decreased parietal cell mass. Compared to this non-treated, infected group, in H. suis infected mice medicated with bambermycin, gastric H. suis colonization was not altered, but a decreased number of infiltrating T-cells, B-cells and macrophages as well as downregulated expressions of IL-1β, IL-8M, IL-10 and IFN-γ were demonstrated and the parietal cell mass was not affected. In bambermycin treated mice that were not infected with H. suis, the number of infiltrating T-cells and expression of IL-1β were lower than in non-infected mice that did not receive bambermycin. Gastric microbiota analysis indicated that the relative abundance of bacteria that might exert unfavorable effects on the host was decreased during bambermycin supplementation. In conclusion, bambermycin did not affect H. suis colonization, but decreased gastric inflammation and inhibited the effects of a H. suis infection on parietal cell loss. Not only direct interaction of H. suis with parietal cells, but also inflammation may play a role in death of these gastric acid producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloë De Witte
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Department of Food Sciences, FARAH, Université de Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Georges Daube
- Department of Food Sciences, FARAH, Université de Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Evidence for a primate origin of zoonotic Helicobacter suis colonizing domesticated pigs. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 12:77-86. [PMID: 28885626 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter suis is the second most prevalent Helicobacter species in the stomach of humans suffering from gastric disease. This bacterium mainly inhabits the stomach of domesticated pigs, in which it causes gastric disease, but it appears to be absent in wild boars. Interestingly, it also colonizes the stomach of asymptomatic rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. The origin of modern human-, pig- or non-human primate-associated H. suis strains in these respective host populations was hitherto unknown. Here we show that H. suis in pigs possibly originates from non-human primates. Our data suggest that a host jump from macaques to pigs happened between 100 000 and 15 000 years ago and that pig domestication has had a significant impact on the spread of H. suis in the pig population, from where this pathogen occasionally infects humans. Thus, in contrast to our expectations, H. suis appears to have evolved in its main host in a completely different way than its close relative Helicobacter pylori in humans.
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Zhao WJ, Tian ZB, Yao SS, Yu YN, Zhang CP, Li XY, Mao T, Jing X, Ding XL, Yang RM, Liu YQ, Zhang SQ, Yang L. High-fat-diet-induced obesity upregulates the expression of lymphoid chemokines and promotes the formation of gastric lymphoid follicles after Helicobacter suis infection. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:4082734. [PMID: 28911036 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-jun Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zi-bin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shan-shan Yao
- Clinical Skill Training Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ya-nan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Cui-ping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiao-yu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tao Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xue Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xue-li Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ruo-ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ya-qian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuai-qing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
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De Witte C, Devriendt B, Flahou B, Bosschem I, Ducatelle R, Smet A, Haesebrouck F. Helicobacter suis induces changes in gastric inflammation and acid secretion markers in pigs of different ages. Vet Res 2017; 48:34. [PMID: 28619040 PMCID: PMC5473008 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric mRNA expression of markers for acid secretion and inflammation and presence of gastric ulceration was studied in naturally Helicobacter suis-infected and non-infected 2–3 months old, 6–8 months old and adult pigs. In H. suis-infected 2–3 months old pigs, IL-8 and IL-1β transcript levels were upregulated in the pyloric gland zone, indicating an innate immune response. A similar response was demonstrated in the fundic gland zone of adult pigs, potentially due to a shift of H. suis colonization from the pyloric to the fundic gland zone. A Treg response in combination with decreased expressions of IL-8, IL-17A and IFN-γ was indicated to be present in the H. suis-infected 6–8 months old pigs, which may have contributed to persistence of H. suis. In H. suis-infected adult pigs, a Treg response accompanied by a Th17 response was indicated, which may have played a role in the decreased number of H. suis bacteria in the stomach of this age group. The decreased G-cell mass and upregulated expression of somatostatin indicated decreased acid secretion in H. suis-infected 6–8 months old pigs. In H. suis-infected adult pigs, upregulation of most markers for gastric acid secretion and increased G-cell mass was detected. Presence of severe hyperkeratosis and erosions in the non-glandular part of the stomach were mainly seen in the H. suis-positive groups. These results show that H. suis infection affects the expression of markers for acid secretion and inflammation and indicate that these effects differ depending on the infection phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Witte
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - B Devriendt
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - I Bosschem
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - R Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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12
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Diseases of the Alimentary Tract. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7167529 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Zhang G, Ducatelle R, Mihi B, Smet A, Flahou B, Haesebrouck F. Helicobacter suis affects the health and function of porcine gastric parietal cells. Vet Res 2016; 47:101. [PMID: 27756386 PMCID: PMC5070140 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The stomach of pigs at slaughter age is often colonized by Helicobacter (H.) suis, which is also the most prevalent gastric non-H. pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) species in humans. It is associated with chronic gastritis, gastric ulceration and other gastric pathological changes in both hosts. Parietal cells are highly specialized, terminally differentiated epithelial cells responsible for gastric acid secretion and regulation. Dysfunction of these cells is closely associated with gastric pathology and disease. Here we describe a method for isolation and culture of viable and responsive parietal cells from slaughterhouse pigs. In addition, we investigated the interactions between H. suis and gastric parietal cells both in H. suis-infected six-month-old slaughter pigs, as well as in our in vitro parietal cell model. A close interaction of H. suis and parietal cells was observed in the fundic region of stomachs from H. suis positive pigs. The bacterium was shown to be able to directly interfere with cultured porcine parietal cells, causing a significant impairment of cell viability. Transcriptional levels of Atp4a, essential for gastric acid secretion, showed a trend towards an up-regulation in H. suis positive pigs compared to H. suis-negative pigs. In addition, sonic hedgehog, an important factor involved in gastric epithelial differentiation, gastric mucosal repair, and stomach homeostasis, was also significantly up-regulated in H. suis positive pigs. In conclusion, this study describes a successful approach for the isolation and culture of porcine gastric parietal cells. The results indicate that H. suis affects the viability and function of this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium. .,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Belgacem Mihi
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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14
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Liu J, He L, Haesebrouck F, Gong Y, Flahou B, Cao Q, Zhang J. Prevalence of Coinfection with Gastric Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) Species in Helicobacter pylori-infected Patients Suffering from Gastric Disease in Beijing, China. Helicobacter 2015; 20:284-90. [PMID: 25510739 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato (H. heilmannii s.l.) group consists of long, spiral-shaped bacteria naturally colonizing the stomach of animals. Moreover, bacteria belonging to this group have been observed in 0.2-6% of human gastric biopsy specimens, and associations have been made with the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulceration, and gastric MALT lymphoma in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS To gain insight into the prevalence of H. heilmannii s.l. infections in patients suffering from gastric disease in China, H. heilmannii s.l. species-specific PCRs were performed on DNA extracts from rapid urease test (RUT)-positive gastric biopsies from 1517 patients followed by nucleotide sequencing. At the same time, Helicobacter pylori cultivation and specific PCR was performed to assess H. pylori infection in these patients. RESULTS In total, H. heilmannii s.l. infection was detected in 11.87% (178/1499) of H. pylori-positive patients. The prevalence of H. suis, H. felis, H. bizzozeronii, H. heilmannii sensu stricto (s.s.), and H. salomonis in the patients was 6.94%, 2.20%, 0.13%, 0.07%, and 2.54%, respectively. Results revealed that all patients with H. heilmannii s.l. infection were co-infected with H. pylori, and some patients were co-infected with more than two different Helicobacter species. CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter heilmannii s.l. infections are fairly common in Chinese patients. This should be kept in mind when diagnosing the cause of gastric pathologies in patients. Helicobacter suis was shown to be by far the most prevalent H. heilmannii s.l.species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihua He
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology & Avian Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yanan Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology & Avian Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qizhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Pozdeev OK, Pozdeeva AO, Pozdnyak AO, Saifutdinov RG. [Role of animal gastric Helicobacter species in human gastric pathology]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:122-126. [PMID: 26155631 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2015875122-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Animal Helicobacter species other than Helicobacter pylori are also able to cause human gastritis, gastric ulcers, and MALT lymphomas. Animal Helicobacter species are presented with typical spiral fastidious microorganisms colonizing the gastric mucosa of different animals. Bacteria initially received their provisional name Helicobacter heilmannii, and out of them at least five species colonizing the gastric mucosa of pigs, cats, and dogs were isolated later on. A high proportion of these diseases are shown to be zoonotic. Transmission of pathogens occurs by contact. The factors of bacterial pathogenicity remain little studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- O K Pozdeev
- Kazan State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kazan, Russia
| | - A O Pozdeeva
- Kazan State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kazan, Russia
| | - A O Pozdnyak
- Kazan State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kazan, Russia
| | - R G Saifutdinov
- Kazan State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kazan, Russia
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16
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Effect of Different Adjuvants on Protection and Side-Effects Induced by Helicobacter suis Whole-Cell Lysate Vaccination. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131364. [PMID: 26115373 PMCID: PMC4482594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter suis (H. suis) is a widespread porcine gastric pathogen, which is also of zoonotic importance. The first goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of several vaccine adjuvants (CpG-DNA, Curdlan, Freund's Complete and Incomplete, Cholera toxin), administered either subcutaneously or intranasally along with H. suis whole-cell lysate, to protect against subsequent H. suis challenge in a BALB/c infection model. Subcutaneous immunization with Freund's complete (FC)/lysate and intranasal immunization with Cholera toxin (CT)/lysate were shown to be the best options for vaccination against H. suis, as determined by the amount of colonizing H. suis bacteria in the stomach, although adverse effects such as post-immunization gastritis/pseudo-pyloric metaplasia and increased mortality were observed, respectively. Therefore, we decided to test alternative strategies, including sublingual vaccine administration, to reduce the unwanted side-effects. A CCR4 antagonist that transiently inhibits the migration of regulatory T cells was also included as a new adjuvant in this second study. Results confirmed that immunization with CT (intranasally or sublingually) is among the most effective vaccination protocols, but increased mortality was still observed. In the groups immunized subcutaneously with FC/lysate and CCR4 antagonist/lysate, a significant protection was observed. Compared to the FC/lysate immunized group, gastric pseudo-pyloric metaplasia was less severe or even absent in the CCR4 antagonist/lysate immunized group. In general, an inverse correlation was observed between IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, KC, MIP-2 and LIX mRNA expression and H. suis colonization density, whereas lower IL-10 expression levels were observed in partially protected animals.
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17
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Liang J, De Bruyne E, Ducatelle R, Smet A, Haesebrouck F, Flahou B. Purification of Helicobacter suis Strains From Biphasic Cultures by Single Colony Isolation: Influence on Strain Characteristics. Helicobacter 2015; 20:206-16. [PMID: 25582323 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter (H.) suis causes gastritis and decreased weight gain in pigs. It is also the most prevalent non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species in humans with gastric disease. H. suis is extremely fastidious, and so far, biphasic culture conditions were essential for isolation and culture, making it impossible to obtain single colonies. Hence, cultures obtained from an individual animal may contain multiple H. suis strains, which is undesirable for experiments aiming for instance at investigating H. suis strain differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pure cultures of H. suis were established by growing bacteria as colonies on 1% brucella agar plates, followed by purification and enrichment by biphasic subculture. Characteristics of these single colony-derived strains were compared with those of their parent strains using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and by studying bacterium-host interactions using a gastric epithelial cell line and Mongolian gerbil model. RESULTS The purification/enrichment procedure required a nonstop culture of several weeks. For 4 of 17 H. suis strains, MLST revealed differences between parental and single colony-derived strains. For three of four single colony-derived strains tested, the cell death-inducing capacity was higher than for the parental strain. One single colony-derived strain lost its capacity to colonize Mongolian gerbils. For the four other strains tested, colonization capacity and histopathologic changes were similar to what has been described when using strains with only a history of limited biphasic culture. CONCLUSIONS A method was developed to obtain single colony-derived H. suis strains, but this procedure may affect the bacterial genotype and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Bruyne
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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18
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Zhang G, Ducatelle R, De Bruyne E, Joosten M, Bosschem I, Smet A, Haesebrouck F, Flahou B. Role of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter suis and Helicobacter pylori infections. Vet Res 2015; 46:31. [PMID: 25889172 PMCID: PMC4357089 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter (H.) suis can colonize the stomach of pigs as well as humans, causing chronic gastritis and other gastric pathological changes including gastric ulceration and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Recently, a virulence factor of H. suis, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), has been demonstrated to play an important role in the induction of human gastric epithelial cell death and modulation of lymphocyte proliferation depending on glutamine and glutathione catabolism. In the present study, the relevance of GGT in the pathogenesis of H. suis infection was studied in mouse and Mongolian gerbil models. In addition, the relative importance of H. suis GGT was compared with that of the H. pylori GGT. A significant and different contribution of the GGT of H. suis and H. pylori was seen in terms of bacterial colonization, inflammation and the evoked immune response. In contrast to H. pyloriΔggt strains, H. suisΔggt strains were capable of colonizing the stomach at levels comparable to WT strains, although they induced significantly less overall gastric inflammation in mice. This was characterized by lower numbers of T and B cells, and a lower level of epithelial cell proliferation. In general, compared to WT strain infection, ggt mutant strains of H. suis triggered lower levels of Th1 and Th17 signature cytokine expression. A pronounced upregulation of B-lymphocyte chemoattractant CXCL13 was observed, both in animals infected with WT and ggt mutant strains of H. suis. Interestingly, H. suis GGT was shown to affect the glutamine metabolism of gastric epithelium through downregulation of the glutamine transporter ASCT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Ellen De Bruyne
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Myrthe Joosten
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Iris Bosschem
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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19
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Interferon-γ-producing B cells induce the formation of gastric lymphoid follicles after Helicobacter suis infection. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:279-95. [PMID: 25073677 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter (H.) suis is capable of infecting various animals including humans, and H. suis infections can lead to gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Recently, we reported that interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was highly expressed in the stomachs of H. suis-infected mice, but the direct relationship between the upregulation of IFN-γ expression and the formation of gastric lymphoid follicles after H. suis infection remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the IFN-γ produced by B cells plays an important role in the formation of gastric lymphoid follicles after H. suis infection. In addition, IFN-γ-producing B cells evoked gastric lymphoid follicle formation independent of T-cell help, suggesting that they are crucial for the development of gastric MALT induced by Helicobacter infection.
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20
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Anti-CXCL13 antibody can inhibit the formation of gastric lymphoid follicles induced by Helicobacter infection. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:1244-54. [PMID: 24646940 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter suis infects the stomachs of both animals and humans, and can induce gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. It is known that CXC chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) is highly expressed in the Helicobacter-infected mice and gastric MALT lymphoma patients, but the pathway that links the activation of CXCL13 and the formation of gastric MALT lymphomas remains unclear. In this study, we examined whether CXCL13 neutralization would interfere with the formation of gastric lymphoid follicles including B cells, CD4+T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and follicular DCs (FDCs) in germinal centers to determine the role of CXCL13 in the formation of B-cell aggregates after H. suis infection. Moreover, the expression of genes associated with the lymphoid follicle formation was also effectively suppressed by anti-CXCL13 antibody treatment. These results suggest that the upregulation of CXCL13 has an important role in the development of gastric MALT lymphomas and highlight the potential of anti-CXCL13 antibody for protection against Helicobacter-induced gastric diseases.
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21
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De Cooman L, Houf K, Smet A, Flahou B, Ducatelle R, De Bruyne E, Pasmans F, Haesebrouck F. Presence of Helicobacter suis on pork carcasses. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 187:73-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Joosten M, Flahou B, Meyns T, Smet A, Arts J, De Cooman L, Pasmans F, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F. Case report: Helicobacter suis infection in a pig veterinarian. Helicobacter 2013; 18:392-6. [PMID: 23551953 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a non-Helicobacter (H.) pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) infection in a pig veterinarian. The patient suffered from reflux esophagitis and general dyspeptic symptoms and was referred to the hospital for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Histologic examination of corpus and antrum biopsies revealed a chronic gastritis. Large spiral-shaped non-H. pylori helicobacters could be visualized and were identified as H. suis by PCR. The patient was treated with a triple therapy, consisting of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and pantoprazole for 10 days. Successful eradication was confirmed after a follow-up gastrointestinal endoscopy and PCR 10 weeks after treatment. A mild chronic gastritis was, however, still observed at this point in time. This case report associates porcine H. suis strains with gastric disease in humans, thus emphasizing the zoonotic importance of H. suis bacteria from pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe Joosten
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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23
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Liang J, Ducatelle R, Pasmans F, Smet A, Haesebrouck F, Flahou B. Multilocus sequence typing of the porcine and human gastric pathogen Helicobacter suis. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:920-6. [PMID: 23303499 PMCID: PMC3592083 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02399-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter suis is a Gram-negative bacterium colonizing the majority of pigs, in which it causes gastritis and decreased daily weight gain. H. suis is also the most prevalent gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species in humans, capable of causing gastric disorders. To gain insight into the genetic diversity of porcine and human H. suis strains, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method was developed. In a preliminary study, 7 housekeeping genes (atpA, efp, mutY, ppa, trpC, ureI, and yphC) of 10 H. suis isolates cultured in vitro were investigated as MLST candidates. All genes, except the ureI gene, which was replaced by part of the ureAB gene cluster of H. suis, displayed several variable nucleotide sites. Subsequently, internal gene fragments, ranging from 379 to 732 bp and comprising several variable nucleotide sites, were selected. For validation of the developed MLST technique, gastric tissue from 17 H. suis-positive pigs from 4 different herds and from 1 H. suis-infected human patient was used for direct, culture-independent strain typing of H. suis. In addition to the 10 unique sequence types (STs) among the 10 isolates grown in vitro, 15 additional STs could be assigned. Individual animals were colonized by only 1 H. suis strain, whereas multiple H. suis strains were present in all herds tested, revealing that H. suis is a genetically diverse bacterial species. The human H. suis strain showed a very close relationship to porcine strains. In conclusion, the developed MLST scheme may prove useful for direct, culture-independent typing of porcine and human H. suis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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24
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Flahou B, Deun KV, Pasmans F, Smet A, Volf J, Rychlik I, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F. The local immune response of mice after Helicobacter suis infection: strain differences and distinction with Helicobacter pylori. Vet Res 2012; 43:75. [PMID: 23107128 PMCID: PMC3537685 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter (H.) suis colonizes the stomach of pigs and is the most prevalent gastric non-H. pylori Helicobacter species in humans. Limited information is available on host immune responses after infection with this agent and it is unknown if variation in virulence exists between different H. suis strains. Therefore, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were used to compare colonization ability and gene expression of various inflammatory cytokines, as determined by real-time PCR, after experimental infection with 9 different H. suis strains. All strains were able to persist in the stomach of mice, but the number of colonizing bacteria at 59 days post inoculation was higher in stomachs of C57BL/6 mice compared to BALB/c mice. All H. suis strains caused an upregulation of interleukin (IL)-17, which was more pronounced in BALB/c mice. This upregulation was inversely correlated with the number of colonizing bacteria. Most strains also caused an upregulation of regulatory IL-10, positively correlating with colonization in BALB/c mice. Only in C57BL/6 mice, upregulation of IL-1β was observed. Increased levels of IFN-γ mRNA were never detected, whereas most H. suis strains caused an upregulation of the Th2 signature cytokine IL-4, mainly in BALB/c mice. In conclusion, the genetic background of the murine strain has a clear impact on the colonization ability of different H. suis strains and the immune response they evoke. A predominant Th17 response was observed, accompanied by a mild Th2 response, which is different from the Th17/Th1 response evoked by H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium.
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An experimental Helicobacter suis infection causes gastritis and reduced daily weight gain in pigs. Vet Microbiol 2012; 160:449-54. [PMID: 22776514 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter suis is a zoonotically important bacterium, that has been associated with gastritis and ulcerative lesions of the pars oesophagea of the stomach in pigs. Its exact role in these pathologies, however, still remains controversial. Therefore, a total of 29 medicated early weaned piglets were inoculated intragastrically or orally, with a total of 2 × 10(9) viable H. suis bacteria and the effect on gastric pathology and weight gain was determined. Twenty-three medicated early weaned piglets were inoculated with a sterile culture medium and used as sham-inoculated controls. The animals were euthanized between 28 and 42 days after inoculation. Infected animals showed a more severe gastritis compared to the control group. There was also a significant reduction of approximately 60 g per day (10%) in weight gain in H. suis inoculated animals compared to the sham-inoculated control animals. In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time that a pure in vitro culture of H. suis not only causes gastritis but also a marked decrease of the daily weight gain in experimentally infected pigs.
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Millet S, Kumar S, De Boever J, Meyns T, Aluwé M, De Brabander D, Ducatelle R. Effect of particle size distribution and dietary crude fibre content on growth performance and gastric mucosa integrity of growing–finishing pigs. Vet J 2012; 192:316-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mazzoni M, Bosi P, De Sordi N, Lalatta-Costerbosa G. Distribution, organization and innervation of gastric MALT in conventional piglet. J Anat 2011; 219:611-21. [PMID: 21781093 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is the initial inductive site for mucosal immunity. It is present in the different layers of the mucosal wall and consists of organized lymphoid tissue which may occur as isolated or aggregated lymphoid follicles (LFs) and interfollicular areas. It is present in many organs, including the pig stomach. Gastric MALT has been intensely studied in experimentally infected pigs but few data are available in healthy, non-gnotobiotic or germ-free animals. In the present study we described the gastric MALT in conventional piglets in the cardiac mucosa of the gastric diverticulum, in the pyloric mucosa, and in the sites of transition from cardiac to oxyntic and from cardiac to pyloric mucosa by means of histological and immunohistochemical stains. The majority of LFs were located in the cardiac mucosa and in the transition from the cardiac to the oxyntic mucosa. Here the LFs were mainly located in the submucosa and reached the mucosa; we called these submucosal lymphoid follicles (SLFs). In the pyloric mucosa and in the transition sites from the cardiac to the pyloric mucosa, LFs were located in the mucosa; we called these mucosal lymphoid follicles (MLFs). In SLFs, a compartmental organization of T and B lymphocytes was present; by contrast, in the MLFs, the T and B cells were intermingled, suggesting the possibility of different roles for the two types of follicles. In the epithelium overlying the lymphoid tissue, numerous T lymphocytes and some cells immunoreactive to cytokeratin-18 were observed. Following the application of the fluorescent tracer DiI into the SLFs of the diverticulum, enteric neurones located in the submucosal plexus were labelled, confirming the interplay between the immune and the enteric nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Vermoote M, Vandekerckhove TTM, Flahou B, Pasmans F, Smet A, De Groote D, Van Criekinge W, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F. Genome sequence of Helicobacter suis supports its role in gastric pathology. Vet Res 2011; 42:51. [PMID: 21414191 PMCID: PMC3065412 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter (H.) suis has been associated with chronic gastritis and ulcers of the pars oesophagea in pigs, and with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in humans. In order to obtain better insight into the genes involved in pathogenicity and in the specific adaptation to the gastric environment of H. suis, a genome analysis was performed of two H. suis strains isolated from the gastric mucosa of swine. Homologs of the vast majority of genes shown to be important for gastric colonization of the human pathogen H. pylori were detected in the H. suis genome. H. suis encodes several putative outer membrane proteins, of which two similar to the H. pylori adhesins HpaA and HorB. H. suis harbours an almost complete comB type IV secretion system and members of the type IV secretion system 3, but lacks most of the genes present in the cag pathogenicity island of H. pylori. Homologs of genes encoding the H. pylori neutrophil-activating protein and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were identified in H. suis. H. suis also possesses several other presumptive virulence-associated genes, including homologs for mviN, the H. pylori flavodoxin gene, and a homolog of the H. pylori vacuolating cytotoxin A gene. It was concluded that although genes coding for some important virulence factors in H. pylori, such as the cytotoxin-associated protein (CagA), are not detected in the H. suis genome, homologs of other genes associated with colonization and virulence of H. pylori and other bacteria are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miet Vermoote
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tom Theo Marie Vandekerckhove
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dominic De Groote
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Criekinge
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Casagrande Proietti P, Bietta A, Brachelente C, Lepri E, Davidson I, Franciosini MP. Detection of Helicobacter spp. in gastric, fecal and saliva samples from swine affected by gastric ulceration. J Vet Sci 2010; 11:221-5. [PMID: 20706029 PMCID: PMC2924483 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2010.11.3.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Helicobacter (H.) spp. in swine affected by gastric ulceration. Stomachs from 400 regularly slaughtered swine were subjected to gross pathological examination to evaluate the presence of gastric ulcers. Sixty-five samples collected from ulcerated pars esophagea and 15 samples from non-ulcerated pyloric portions were submitted to histopathological and molecular analyses, to detect Helicobacter spp., H. suis and H. pylori by PCR. Feces and saliva swabs were also collected from 25 animals in order to detect in vivo the presence of Helicobacter spp.. Gastric ulcers were detected in 373 cases (93%). The presence of ulcers in association with inflammatory processes was further confirmed by histological examination. Forty-nine percent (32/65) of the ulcerated esophageal portions as well as 53% (8/15) of the non-ulcerated pyloric portions were positive for Helicobacter spp. by PCR. The Helicobacter spp. positive samples were also positive for H. suis, while H. pylori was not detected. These results were confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis. With regard to feces and saliva samples, 15/25 (60%) and 16/25 (64%) were positive for Helicobacter spp. PCR, respectively but all were negative in H. suis and H. pylori specific PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Casagrande Proietti
- Department of Biopathological Science and Hygiene of Food and Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
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Kivistö R, Linros J, Rossi M, Rautelin H, Hänninen ML. Characterization of multiple Helicobacter bizzozeronii isolates from a Finnish patient with severe dyspeptic symptoms and chronic active gastritis. Helicobacter 2010; 15:58-66. [PMID: 20302591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of gastritis and peptic ulceration in humans. In a minority of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, long tightly coiled spiral bacteria, provisionally named "Helicobacter heilmannii," are observed in gastric biopsies. These bacteria are extremely fastidious and only one previous study has succeeded in obtaining an isolate in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used two different selective media to isolate "H. heilmannii" from the gastric mucosa of a Finnish patient presenting with severe dyspeptic symptoms. The isolates were characterized by testing for urease and catalase activity, by using light and electron microscopy, and by sequencing of the partial 16S rRNA and ureAB genes. Single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (sAFLP) was used to analyze the genetic diversity among the isolates. RESULTS We obtained 15 isolates from different gastric biopsies prior and three after unsuccessful treatment of the patient. The isolates were identified as Helicobacter bizzozeronii. Eradication therapy was unsuccessful most probably due to high level of resistance to metronidazole. Persistent colonization by the same H. bizzozeronii clone was confirmed by sAFLP, however, small differences between the profiles suggested long-term colonization of the patient. CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter bizzozeronii remains the only "H. heilmannii" species isolated from human gastric mucosa although it has been an infrequent observation among "H. heilmannii"-infected patients in PCR-based screening studies. The relevance of H. bizzozeronii and other potentially zoonotic gastric Helicobacter spp. in human disease remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauni Kivistö
- Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Flahou B, De Baere T, Chiers K, Pasmans F, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R. Gastric Infection with Kazachstania heterogenica influences the outcome of a Helicobacter suis infection in Mongolian gerbils. Helicobacter 2010; 15:67-75. [PMID: 20302592 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mongolian gerbil model is often used to investigate the interactions between different gastric Helicobacter species and the gastric tissue. A preliminary screening of a gerbil population intended for use in Helicobacter suis infection studies revealed a natural yeast infection in the stomach of these animals. After identification, we have investigated the effect of the gastric yeast infection on the outcome of an experimental H. suis infection in Mongolian gerbils. MATERIALS AND METHODS Yeast cells were isolated from the stomachs of Mongolian gerbils. Identification was done by Internally Transcribed rRNA Spacer 2 Region PCR fragment length analysis. To investigate a possible pathologic role of this yeast, Mongolian gerbils were infected experimentally with this yeast. Co-infection with the newly isolated H. suis was performed to investigate possible interactions between both micro-organisms. RESULTS Kazachstania heterogenica was found colonizing the stomach of Mongolian gerbils, mainly in the antrum. Few pathologic changes were seen in the stomachs of infected animals. Experimental co-infection of gerbils with this yeast and the newly isolated H. suis showed a significant increase in inflammation in animals infected with both micro-organisms compared to animals infected only with H. suis. CONCLUSIONS K. heterogenica colonizes the stomach of Mongolian gerbils in exactly the same regions as gastric Helicobacter species. The uncontrolled presence of this yeast in the gerbil stomach can lead to an overestimation of the inflammation caused by Helicobacter in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Gastric helicobacters in domestic animals and nonhuman primates and their significance for human health. Clin Microbiol Rev 2009; 22:202-23, Table of Contents. [PMID: 19366912 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00041-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacters other than Helicobacter pylori have been associated with gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in humans. These very fastidious microorganisms with a typical large spiral-shaped morphology were provisionally designated "H. heilmannii," but in fact they comprise at least five different Helicobacter species, all of which are known to colonize the gastric mucosa of animals. H. suis, which has been isolated from the stomachs of pigs, is the most prevalent gastric non-H. pylori Helicobacter species in humans. Other gastric non-H. pylori helicobacters colonizing the human stomach are H. felis, H. salomonis, H. bizzozeronii, and the still-uncultivable "Candidatus Helicobacter heilmannii." These microorganisms are often detected in the stomachs of dogs and cats. "Candidatus Helicobacter bovis" is highly prevalent in the abomasums of cattle but has only occasionally been detected in the stomachs of humans. There are clear indications that gastric non-H. pylori Helicobacter infections in humans originate from animals, and it is likely that transmission to humans occurs through direct contact. Little is known about the virulence factors of these microorganisms. The recent successes with in vitro isolation of non-H. pylori helicobacters from domestic animals open new perspectives for studying these microorganisms and their interactions with the host.
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Flahou B, Hellemans A, Meyns T, Duchateau L, Chiers K, Baele M, Pasmans F, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R. Protective immunization with homologous and heterologous antigens against Helicobacter suis challenge in a mouse model. Vaccine 2009; 27:1416-21. [PMID: 19136039 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter (H.) suis colonizes the stomach of more than 60% of slaughter pigs and is also of zoonotic importance. Recently, this bacterium was isolated in vitro, enabling the use of pure cultures for research purposes. In this study, mice were immunized intranasally or subcutaneously with whole bacterial cell lysate of H. suis or the closely related species H. bizzozeronii and H. cynogastricus, and subsequently challenged with H. suis. Control groups consisted of non-immunized and non-challenged mice (negative control group), as well as of sham-immunized mice that were inoculated with H. suis (positive control group). Urease tests on stomach tissue samples at 7 weeks after challenge infection were negative in all negative control mice, all intranasally immunized mice except one, and in all and 3 out of 5 animals of the H. cynogastricus and H. suis subcutaneously immunized groups, respectively. H. suis DNA was detected by PCR in the stomach of all positive control animals and all subcutaneously immunized/challenged animals. All negative control animals and some intranasally immunized/challenged mice were PCR-negative. In conclusion, immunization using antigens derived from the same or closely related bacterial species suppressed gastric colonization with H. suis, but complete protection was only achieved in a minority of animals following intranasal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Moyaert H, Franceschi F, Roccarina D, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F, Gasbarrini A. Extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection: other Helicobacters. Helicobacter 2008; 13 Suppl 1:47-57. [PMID: 18783522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The finding that Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease has opened a new era in the gastrointestinal world. Today there is evidence that H. pylori may also play a role in different nongastric diseases, opening the new "extragastric manifestations of H. pylori infection" field. Concerning this, several studies have been published in the last year. The most convincing data arise from those investigating idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and sideropenic anemia, while there is also an increasing evidence for a possible association with atherosclerotic disease. Furthermore, the discovery of a number of other novel Helicobacter species has stimulated the research in different extragastric diseases, in which an infectious hypothesis is plausible. In particular, several species have been studied for a potential role in different liver and intestinal diseases with interesting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Moyaert
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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