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Wahjuningrum D, Hilal A, Waturangi DE, Nuryati S. The potential of shallot skin powder and actinomycetes metabolites as antimicrobe and antibiofilm in the treatment of eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:324. [PMID: 37946241 PMCID: PMC10634037 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) is an Indonesian export commodity. However, it is facing a problem related to Aeromonas hydrophila, which can cause motile aeromonas septicemia (MAS) and produce biofilm formation. Problem with antibiotic resistance challenges the need of an alternative treatment. Therefore, it is important to explore a solution to treat infection and the biofilm formed by A. hydrophila. OBJECTIVES In this study, we used shallot skin powder and actinomycetes metabolite 20 PM as antimicrobe and antibiofilm to treated eels infected with A. hydrophila. RESULTS Shallot skin powder (6.25 g 100 g-1 feed) and Actinomycetes 20 PM metabolite (2 mL 100 g-1 feed) were found to be effective as antimicrobe and antibiofilm agent in treating eels infected with A. hydrophila. Eel treated with antibiotic, shallot skin powder, and actinomycetes metabolite had 80%, 66%, and 73% survival rates, respectively. Other indicators such as red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were increased, but white blood cell count and phagocytic activity were dropped. Biofilm destruction were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to determined antibiofilm activity of actinomycetes metabolite against biofilm of A. Hydrophila. CONCLUSIONS Shallot skin powder and actinomycetes metabolite were potential to treat infection of A. hydrophila in eel as an alternative treatment to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisyah Hilal
- Department of Aquaculture, IPB University, Dramaga Street, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Raya Cisauk-Lapan No. 10, Sampora, Cisauk, Tangerang, Banten, 15345, Indonesia.
| | - Sri Nuryati
- Department of Aquaculture, IPB University, Dramaga Street, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
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Bakiyev S, Smekenov I, Zharkova I, Kobegenova S, Sergaliyev N, Absatirov G, Bissenbaev A. Characterization of atypical pathogenic Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from a diseased Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii). Heliyon 2023; 9:e17775. [PMID: 37483743 PMCID: PMC10359828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acipenser baerii (Siberian sturgeon) is native to Kazakhstan and is currently endangered and is listed within the first class of protected animals. Sturgeon aquaculture is becoming an important tool for the recovery of this endangered species. Nonetheless, diseases involving typical symptoms of skin ulceration and systemic bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia have occurred in cultured A. baerii on a fish farm located in Western Kazakhstan. In this study, an infectious strain of bacteria isolated from an ulcer of diseased A. baerii was identified as Aeromonas salmonicida (strain AB001). This identification involved analyses of 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoD, and flaA genes' sequences. Even though strain AB001 belongs to A. salmonicida, it exhibited noticeable mobility and growth at temperatures of ≥37 °C. Profiling of virulence genes uncovered the presence of seven such genes related to pathogenicity. Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that the strain is sensitive to aminoglycosides, amphenicols, nitrofurans, quinolones, and tetracyclines. Half-lethal doses (LD50) of strain AB001 for Oreochromis mossambicus and A. baerii were determined: respectively 1.7 × 108 and 7.2 × 107 colony-forming units per mL. The experimentally induced infection revealed that strain AB001 causes considerable histological lesions in O. mossambicus, including tissue degeneration, necrosis, and hemorrhages of varied severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serik Bakiyev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Scientific Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Izat Smekenov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Scientific Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Irina Zharkova
- Department of Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Saidina Kobegenova
- Department of Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurlan Sergaliyev
- Makhambet Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Uralsk 090000, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaisa Absatirov
- West Kazakhstan Innovation and Technological University, Uralsk 090000, Kazakhstan
| | - Amangeldy Bissenbaev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Scientific Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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Gu Y, Chen K, Xi B, Xie J, Bing X. Paeonol increases the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:479-488. [PMID: 35314333 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Paeonol, a naturally occurring polyphenol isolated from medical plant, has been known to exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. In order to evaluate the effect of paeonol on Carassius auratus gibelio infected by pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydriphila. 750 fish were randomly divided into 5 groups, which separately treated with 0.85% sterile saline (blank), A. hydriphila (negative control), A. hydriphila with paeonol (4 mg/kg, 64 mg/kg), and A. hydriphila with enrofloxacin (12 mg/kg, positive control). Fish were anaesthetized with MS-222 (100 mg/L), and samples were collected at 6 and 72 h after A. hydriphila challenge. The results showed that compared with the negative group, the survival in paeonol groups marked increased by 14.75% and 18.94%. The plasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) was notably increased, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly decreased in paeonol groups at 6 h (P < 0.05). The antioxidative enzymes catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly increased in paeonol groups at 6 h, while malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) contents were lower (P < 0.05). The inflammatory related genes MyD88 and TLR-5 were significantly downregulated, and the TLR-3 was significantly increased in paeonol groups at 72 h (P < 0.05). In addition, histopathological analyses showed that the lesion in liver, spleen and caudal kidney were considerably attenuated in paeonol groups. In conclusion, paeonol could increase the survival rate, mitigate oxidative damage, inflammation, tissue lesions, and improve the immunity of gibel carp challenged with A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Gu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Bingwen Xi
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Jun Xie
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Xuwen Bing
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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Saleh A, Elkenany R, Younis G. Virulent and Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Diseased Nile Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) in Egypt with Sequencing of Some Virulence-Associated Genes. Biocontrol Sci 2021; 26:167-176. [PMID: 34556619 DOI: 10.4265/bio.26.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a major waterborne pathogen, which induces various diseases in freshwater fish with the capability for zoonotic potential. This study was applied to investigate the prevalence of A. hydrophila in diseased Nile tilapia fish, genetic characterization of the virulence encoding genes (act, aerA, alt, and ast genes), and antibiotic susceptibility. Out of the 500 diseased Nile tilapia fish samples, 70% (350/500) Aeromonas species were isolated. From which 53.4% (187/350) of Aeromonas hydrophila strains were identified. A. hydrophila was detected in kidneys, followed by liver, spleen, intestine, and gills. The results of virulotyping displayed the presence of act, and aerA genes in a high percentage of 40%, followed by alt gene (30%), but ast gene was not detected (0%) in A. hydrophila strains. Based on DNA sequence analysis of three virulence associated-genes (act, aerA, and alt genes), the phylogenetic tree showed the genetic relationship with related species. Finally, the antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed high resistance toward chloramphenicol (67.4%), followed by amikacin (51.9%) and gentamicin (47.1%), whereas a high sensitivity was exhibited toward meropenem (90.9%), followed by ciprofloxacin (84.2%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (73.3%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (64.2%). The multidrug-resistant A. hydrophila strains were observed in 69.0% of strains with six resistance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Saleh
- Veterinarian, Department of Public Health and Meat Inspection, Talkha Veterinary Administration
| | - Rasha Elkenany
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University
| | - Gamal Younis
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University
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Elayaraja S, Mabrok M, Algammal A, Sabitha E, Rajeswari MV, Zágoršek K, Ye Z, Zhu S, Rodkhum C. Potential influence of jaggery-based biofloc technology at different C:N ratios on water quality, growth performance, innate immunity, immune-related genes expression profiles, and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:118-128. [PMID: 32961293 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofloc technology is increasingly becoming the most promising aquaculture tool especially in places where water is scarce and the land is very expensive. The dynamics of water quality, as well as plankton and microbial abundance, are collectively necessary for successful fish farming. The prospective use of jaggery as a potential carbon source and its influence on water quality, growth performance, innate immunity, serum bactericidal capacity, and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila was investigated in Oreochromis niloticus. A completely randomized design was used in triplicates, where the control group was reared in a water system with no carbon source, while T1, T2, and T3 groups were raised in biofloc systems at C:N ratios of C:N12, C:N15, and C:N20, respectively. Water specimens were collected daily and fortnightly, while blood, serum, and head kidneys were collected at 75 days of experimental period for further analysis. TAN, nitrite, and ammonia values were considerably reduced, while the TSS values elevated significantly in all treated groups compared to the control. Jaggery-based biofloc system (JB-BFT) has a pronounced effect on hematological and growth performance parameters rather than control. Similarly, serum antioxidants, lysozyme, protease, antiprotease and bactericidal capacity were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. LYZ, TNF-α, and IL-1β genes were upregulated in proportion to C:N ratios with the highest fold in C:N20. Furthermore, fish treated with JB-BFT presented lower cumulative mortalities and better relative levels of production (RLP) after experimental challenge with A. hydrophila compared to control. In conclusion, JB-BFT has a robust influence on Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) innate immunity through favorable innovation of various immune-cells and enzymes as well as upregulating the expression levels of immune-related genes. This study offers jaggery as a new carbon source with unique properties that satisfy all considerations of biofloc technology in an eco-friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaramasamy Elayaraja
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Fish Infectious Diseases Research Unit (FID RU), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - Mahmoud Mabrok
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Abdelazeem Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Elayaraja Sabitha
- Fish Infectious Diseases Research Unit (FID RU), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kamil Zágoršek
- Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Zhangying Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songming Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- Fish Infectious Diseases Research Unit (FID RU), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Molecular Typing, Antibiogram and PCR-RFLP Based Detection of Aeromonas hydrophila Complex Isolated from Oreochromis niloticus. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030238. [PMID: 32235800 PMCID: PMC7157191 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile Aeromonas septicemia is a common bacterial disease that affects Oreochromis niloticus and causes tremendous economic losses globally. In order to investigate the prevalence, molecular typing, antibiogram and the biodiversity of Aeromonas hydrophila complex, a total of 250 tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected randomly from 10 private tilapia farms (25 fish/farm) at El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The collected fish were subjected to clinical and bacteriological examinations. The majority of infected fish displayed ulcerative necrosis, exophthalmia, and internal signs of hemorrhagic septicemia. The prevalence of A. hydrophia complex was 13.2%, where the liver was the most predominant affected organ (54.1%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to verify the identification of A. hydrophila complex using one set of primers targeting gyrB as well as the detection of virulent genes (aerA, alt, and ahp). All isolates were positive for the gyrB-conserved gene and harbored aerA and alt virulence genes. However, none of those isolates were positive for the ahp gene. The antimicrobial sensitivity was carried out, where the recovered strains were completely sensitive to ciprofloxacin and highly resistant to amoxicillin. All retrieved strains showed the same phenotypic characteristics and were identical based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Experimentally challenged fish presented a high mortality rate (76.67%) and showed typical signs as in naturally infected ones. In conclusion, the synergism of phenotypic and genotypic characterization is a valuable epidemiological tool for the diagnosis of A. hydrophila complex. RFLP is a fundamental tool for monitoring the biodiversity among all retrieved strains of A. hydrophia.
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Jin S, Fu S, Li R, Dang H, Gao D, Ye S, Jiang Z. Identification and histopathological and pathogenicity analysis of Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida from goldfish (Carassius auratus) in North China. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Labella AM, Rosado JJ, Balado M, Lemos ML, Borrego JJ. Virulence properties of three new Photobacterium species affecting cultured fish. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 129:37-50. [PMID: 31505106 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Several virulence factors of three new Photobacterium species: Photobacterium toruni, Photobacterium malacitanum and Photobacterium andalusiense associated with diseases of cultured redbanded seabream (Pagrus auriga) were studied. The exoenzymatic activities, adherence and cytotoxic capabilities, and iron-uptake mechanisms were determined both in bacterial extracellular products (ECP) and whole bacterial cells. The histopathology damages provoked on redbanded seabream by the ECP was also studied. METHODS AND RESULTS The highest exoenzymatic activities of the ECP were alkaline- and acid-phosphatase, phosphohydrolase and lipase. The ECP were strongly lethal for fish at 4-96 h post-inoculation (p.i). Histological changes were evident at 96 hpi of ECP, affecting head kidney, splenic parenchyma and heart. Cytotoxicity assays, on three fish lines and one human cell line, were conducted using whole bacterial cells and their ECP. The new species tested were cytotoxic only for fish cell lines using whole bacterial cells. Bacterial adherence showed an adherence index moderate on CHSE-214 cell line. All strains showed variable haemolytic activity, and were able to grow under iron-limiting conditions, although the CAS reactivitiy was very low. However, all strains produced high amounts of extracelullar citrate that could be used as iron carrier, and use haem as iron source, except the P. toruni strains because a deletion in the genomic region encoding this ability in all Vibrionaceae members. CONCLUSIONS The toxic activity of the bacterial ECPs was thermolabile, and not associated with their thermoresistant lipopolysaccharide content. The virulence of the strains tested could not be related to the haemolytic activity. Iron uptake could be based on the use of endogenous citrate as iron carrier and P. toruni lacks the ability to use haem as iron source. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study analyses for the first time the virulence properties of three new species of Photobacterium pathogenic for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Labella
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - J J Rosado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Balado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M L Lemos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J J Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Liu D, Zhang T, Wang Y, Muhammad M, Xue W, Ju J, Zhao B. Knockout of alanine racemase gene attenuates the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:72. [PMID: 30940083 PMCID: PMC6444436 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen of poikilothermic and homoeothermic animals, including humans. In the present study, we described the role of Alanine racemase (alr-2) in the virulence of A. hydrophila using an alr-2 knockout mutant (A.H.Δalr). Results In mouse and common carp models, the survival of animals challenged with A.H.Δalr was significantly increased compared with the wild-type (WT), and the mutant was also impaired in its ability to replicate in the organs and blood of infected mice and fish. The A.H.Δalr significantly increased phagocytosis by macrophages of the mice and fish. These attenuation effects of alr-2 could be complemented by the addition of D-alanine to the A.H.Δalr strain. The histopathology results indicated that the extent of tissue injury in the WT-infected animals was more severe than in the A.H.Δalr-infected groups. The expression of 9 virulence genes was significantly down-regulated, and 3 outer membrane genes were significantly up-regulated in A.H.Δalr. Conclusions Our data suggest that alr-2 is essential for the virulence of A. hydrophila. Our findings suggested alanine racemase could be applied in the development of new antibiotics against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Murtala Muhammad
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Wen Xue
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Jiansong Ju
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Baohua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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Mbokane EM, Moyo NAG. Alterations of haemato-biochemical parameters pre and post-challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila and survival of Oreochromis mossambicus fed Moringa oleifera-based diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:213-222. [PMID: 30195916 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the extent of changes in haemato-biochemical and immunological parameters of O. mossambicus fed with M. oleifera-based diets pre and post-challenge with different concentrations of A. hydrophila. Moringa oleifera powdered leaves were added to five experimental diets at 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%, designated D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5, respectively. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 45 fish (33.46 ± 1.57 g) for 45 days. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in WG, FCR and SGR between treatments. There was an increase in WBC, RBC, HGB and HCT with increasing M. oleifera levels. No significant changes (P > 0.05) were observed in AST, ALT, ALP and LDH levels between treatments. After 45 days, fish from each treatment were injected with varying concentrations (0, 1 × 106 cfu, 1.5 × 106 cfu, 3 × 106 cfu and 4 × 106 cfu ml-1) of Aeromonas hydrophila. There was a significant decline in RBC, HGB and HCT of fish in the D1-D3 compared to the D4 and D5 groups. There was an increase in AST, ALT, ALP and LDH in the D1-D3 groups while no significant changes (P > 0.05) were observed in the D4 and D5 groups between bacterial concentrations. Survival rate was lower in the D1-D3 compared to the D4 and D5 groups, indicating that immunity was enhanced in fish fed with the highest M. oleifera inclusion levels. NBT and lysozyme activities were also lower in the D1-D3 groups compared to the D4 and D5 groups. The enhancement of immunity is attributed to the presence of biologically active compounds with immunostimulatory properties. The phytochemistry of the M. oleifera revealed high levels of total polyphenol, total phenols, total flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins C and E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esau M Mbokane
- Aquaculture Research and Development, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Private Bag X2, Roggebay, 8012, Cape Town, South Africa; Aquaculture Research Unit, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.
| | - Ngonidzashe A G Moyo
- Aquaculture Research Unit, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
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Baldissera MD, Souza CF, Júnior GB, Verdi CM, Moreira KLS, da Rocha MIUM, da Veiga ML, Santos RCV, Vizzotto BS, Baldisserotto B. Aeromonas caviae alters the cytosolic and mitochondrial creatine kinase activities in experimentally infected silver catfish: Impairment on renal bioenergetics. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:439-443. [PMID: 28735082 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic and mitochondrial creatine kinases (CK), through the creatine kinase-phosphocreatine (CK/PCr) system, provide a temporal and spatial energy buffer to maintain cellular energy homeostasis. However, the effects of bacterial infections on the kidney remain poorly understood and are limited only to histopathological analyses. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of cytosolic and mitochondrial CK activities in renal energetic homeostasis in silver catfish experimentally infected with Aeromonas caviae. Cytosolic CK activity decreased in infected animals, while mitochondrial CK activity increased compared to uninfected animals. Moreover, the activity of the sodium-potassium pump (Na+, K+-ATPase) decreased in infected animals compared to uninfected animals. Based on this evidence, it can be concluded that the inhibition of cytosolic CK activity by A. caviae causes an impairment on renal energy homeostasis through the depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. This contributes to the inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase activity, although the mitochondrial CK activity acted in an attempt to restore the cytosolic ATP levels through a feedback mechanism. In summary, A. caviae infection causes a severe energetic imbalance in infected silver catfish, which may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carine F Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Guerino B Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Marina Verdi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karen L S Moreira
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo L da Veiga
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto C V Santos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno S Vizzotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Pathogenicity of Mexican isolates of Aeromonas sp. in immersion experimentally-infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792). Acta Trop 2017; 169:122-124. [PMID: 28209550 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ten species of Aeromonas have been previously identified in farmed rainbow trout from Mexico. The aim of the current study was to investigate the pathogenicity of 10 Aeromonas isolates belonging to 10 different Aeromonas species in immersion experimentally-infected rainbow trout fry. Isolates of A. bestiarum, A. hydrophila, A. salmonicida, and A. veronii produced significant mortality (8.8%, 12.2%, 18.8%, and 8.8%, respectively). Isolates of A. caviae and A. sobria produced no significantly mortality (3.3% and 1.1%, respectively). No mortality was recorded in fish infected with A. allosaccharophila, A. lusitana, A. media, or A. popoffii. Microscopic lesions and bacterial reisolation were registered in liver of fish infected with the ten different Aeromonas isolates. Our results suggest that all Aeromonas species included in the study have the ability to colonize the liver. The results have confirmed that species A. bestiarum, A. hydrophila, A. salmonicida, and A. veronii affected fish as elsewhere reported. In conclusion, the variation in pathogenicity of Aeromonas isolates included in the study, emphasizes the importance of active, on-going monitoring of Aeromonas in the Mexican rainbow trout farming.
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Pang M, Xie X, Dong Y, Du H, Wang N, Lu C, Liu Y. Identification of novel virulence-related genes in Aeromonas hydrophila by screening transposon mutants in a Tetrahymena infection model. Vet Microbiol 2016; 199:36-46. [PMID: 28110783 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of motile Aeromonad septicemia (MAS) in fish caused by sequence type (ST) 251 Aeromonas hydrophila have become a prominent problem for the aquaculture industry. The pathogenesis of A. hydrophila is very complicated, and some virulence factors remain to be identified. In this study, to identify novel virulence-related factors, ST251 A. hydrophila strain NJ-35 was used as the parental strain to construct a mutant library comprising 1030 mutant strains by transposon insertion mutagenesis. Subsequently, 33 virulence-attenuated transposon insertion mutants were identified using Tetrahymena and zebrafish as model hosts in sequence. Thermal asymmetric interlaced (Tail)-PCR and Southern blot analysis identified 21 single transposon insertion sites. Seven of the insertion sites are located in non-coding regions, whereas the other 14 insertion sites are located in genes, including aroA, rmlA, rtxA, chiA and plc. All insertion mutants exhibited attenuated virulence in Tetrahymena and zebrafish. Furthermore, the relationship of two genes, chiA and trkH, to virulence was confirmed by gene inactivation and subsequent restoration assays. This study provides new information about the genetic determinants of A. hydrophila pathogenicity and validates the Aeromonas-Tetrahymena co-culture model for high-throughput screening of A. hydrophila virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoda Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhao Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hechao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengping Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Djauhari R, . W, . S, Suprayudi MA, Zairin Jr. M. Characterization of Bacillus sp. NP5 and its Application as Probiotic for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2016.101.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Abu-Elala N, Abdelsalam M, Marouf S, Setta A. Comparative analysis of virulence genes, antibiotic resistance and gyrB
-based phylogeny of motile Aeromonas
species isolates from Nile tilapia and domestic fowl. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:429-36. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Abu-Elala
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - M. Abdelsalam
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Sh. Marouf
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - A. Setta
- Department of Poultry Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
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16
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Sjöling Å, Sadeghipoorjahromi L, Novak D, Tobias J. Detection of major diarrheagenic bacterial pathogens by multiplex PCR panels. Microbiol Res 2014; 172:34-40. [PMID: 25542594 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases remain a major threat to the youngest population in low- and middle-income countries. The main bacterial pathogens causing diarrhea are diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) that consists of enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic EHEC and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), Salmonella, Shigella spp. (S. dysenteria, S. sonnei, S. flexneri) Campylobacter (C. coli, C. jejuni), Vibrio (V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticusm, V. cholerae), Yersinia enterocolitica and Aeromonas hydrophila. The aim of this study was to set up rapid multiplex PCR (mPCR) panels to identify these diarrheagenic pathogens based on their specific virulence genes. Primers against specific target genes were combined into three mPCR panels: one for diarrheal E. coli, one for pathogens causing mainly bloody diarrhea, and the third for the remaining pathogens. The panels were tested against a set of stool samples from Swedish children with diarrhea and controls and the analysis identified bacterial pathogens in 14/54 (26%) of the samples. These results show that our three developed mPCR panels can detect main bacterial diarrheagenic pathogens in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Sjöling
- University of Gothenburg Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy of University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leila Sadeghipoorjahromi
- University of Gothenburg Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy of University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Novak
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joshua Tobias
- University of Gothenburg Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy of University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Verma VK, Rani KV, Sehgal N, Prakash O. Immunostimulatory effect of artificial feed supplemented with indigenous plants on Clarias gariepinus against Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1924-1931. [PMID: 24120503 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of Ficus benghalensis (prop-root) and Leucaena leucocephala (pod seed) was evaluated by measurement of zone of inhibition against pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila. Control artificial feed and artificial feed supplemented with 5% powder of F. benghalensis and L. leucocephala were prepared. Juvenile Clarias gariepinus were divided into four groups, acclimatized to laboratory conditions and fed with respective feeds for 20 days prior to the experiment. Immunomodulatory response of supplementary feed was studied by challenging the fish intraperitoneally at weekly intervals, with A. hydrophila. One set of fish, not challenged with A. hydrophila was used as a negative control, to analyze any detrimental effect of supplementary feed, while positive control, comprised of challenged fish fed with non-supplemented feed. Other two groups of fish were challenged with A. hydrophila and fed with respective supplementary feeds. Blood was collected on weekly intervals for four weeks and serum samples were analyzed to evaluate the damage of fish by A. hydrophila through liver function tests. The increase in the levels of Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) in positive control group indicated the damage of liver & kidney. However the levels did not change significantly in fish fed with supplementary feeds when compared to negative control group. Nitric oxide, SOD, ALP and lipid peroxidase indicated lower stress levels in these fish compared to positive control. Fish fed with supplementary feed showed increased lysozyme activity and phagocytic index indicating an increase in non-specific immune response. The immunoglobulin levels of in serum were analyzed by homologous sandwich ELISA, which showed higher antibody production in fish fed with supplementary feed. The current study suggests conclusively, immunostimulatory role of F. benghalensis (prop-roots) and L. leucocephala (pod seed) in C. gariepinus when supplemented in artificial feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
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Soto-Rodriguez S, Cabanillas-Ramos J, Alcaraz U, Gomez-Gil B, Romalde J. Identification and virulence of Aeromonas dhakensis
, Pseudomonas mosselii
and Microbacterium paraoxydans
isolated from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
, cultivated in Mexico. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:654-62. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Soto-Rodriguez
- CIAD, A.C. Mazatlan Unit for Aquaculture and Environmental Management; Mazatlan Sinaloa Mexico
| | | | - U. Alcaraz
- CIAD, A.C. Mazatlan Unit for Aquaculture and Environmental Management; Mazatlan Sinaloa Mexico
| | - B. Gomez-Gil
- CIAD, A.C. Mazatlan Unit for Aquaculture and Environmental Management; Mazatlan Sinaloa Mexico
| | - J.L. Romalde
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia; CIBUS-Facultad de Biologia; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela España
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Pridgeon JW, Klesius PH. Virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila to channel catfish Ictaluras punctatus fingerlings in the presence and absence of bacterial extracellular products. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2011; 95:209-215. [PMID: 21932532 DOI: 10.3354/dao02357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the virulence of three 2009 west Alabama isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila (AL09-71, AL09-72 and AL09-73) to channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings (4.6 +/- 1.3 g) in the presence and absence of extracellular products (ECPs) from overnight bacterial culture using both bath immersion and intraperitoneal injection routes. At a concentration of 1.65 x 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU) ml(-1), AL09-73 without its ECPs killed 100% of the catfish fingerlings within 2 h by bath immersion. However, at a similar concentration, AL09-73 in the presence of its ECPs killed only 23 +/- 6% catfish fingerlings. The absence of ECPs in the bath immersion experiment also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the virulence of AL09-71, AL09-72, and AL98-C1B, a 1998 Alabama strain of A. hydrophila, suggesting that the virulence of the 4 A. hydrophila isolates was mainly due to bacterial cells, not to their overnight ECPs. Filter-sterilized ECPs failed to kill any catfish by bath immersion or injection. The virulence order of the 4 A. hydrophila isolates, by both bath immersion and intraperitoneal injection, was: AL09-73 > or = AL09-71 > AL09-72 > or = AL98-C1B. At 2 h post bath immersion, all 4 isolates of A. hydrophila were found in all tissues studied (skin, intestine, liver, spleen, kidney, gill and brain), with the highest bacteria count being in the gill and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia W Pridgeon
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, Alabama 36832, USA.
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Beaz-Hidalgo R, Alperi A, Buján N, Romalde JL, Figueras MJ. Comparison of phenotypical and genetic identification of Aeromonas strains isolated from diseased fish. Syst Appl Microbiol 2010; 33:149-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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