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Jiménez-Martín D, García-Bocanegra I, Risalde MA, Napp S, Domínguez M, Romero B, Moreno I, Martínez R, Cano-Terriza D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in domestic goats in Southern Spain. Prev Vet Med 2024; 227:106204. [PMID: 38604014 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), which can affect a wide variety of domestic and wild animal species. Although the role of goats as a reservoir of MTC bacteria has been evidenced, information about the circulation of MTC strains in this species is still very scarce. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence, spatial distribution, risk factors and MTC spoligotypes circulating in goats from Andalusia (Southern Spain), the Spanish region with the largest goat census and a hotspot area of TB in both cattle and wild ungulates. A total of 2155 serum samples from 80 goat flocks were analyzed by an in-house ELISA using the P22 protein complex as a coating antigen. Antibodies against MTC were detected in 473 goats (21.9%, 95% CI: 20.2-23.7) and the true seroprevalence was 22.3% (95% CI: 20.6-24.1). Seropositivity was found in 72 (90.0%) of the 80 flocks analyzed. The generalized estimating equation model showed that the management system (higher seroprevalence on intensive and semi-intensive farms), and the presence of hospital pens inside the regular stables, were risk factors potentially associated with MTC exposure in goats in Southern Spain. The spatial analysis identified a significant spatial cluster (p < 0.001) in Eastern Andalusia. A total of 16 different MTC spoligotypes, including five of M. caprae and eleven of M. bovis, were identified in goats between 2015 and 2022 in the study area, with SB0157 as the most frequently isolated. The results obtained indicate widespread and non-homogeneous spatial distribution of MTC in goat herds from Southern Spain. The high individual and herd-level seroprevalence values found suggest that goats could play a significant role in the maintenance and transmission of MTC in the study area. Our results highlight the importance of implementing control measures in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Jiménez-Martín
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - María A Risalde
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sebastián Napp
- IRTA, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET) y Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Remigio Martínez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Melgarejo C, Cobos A, Planas C, Fondevila J, Martín M, Cervera Z, Cantero G, Moll X, Espada Y, Domingo M, Vidal E, Pérez de Val B. Comparison of the pathological outcome and disease progression of two Mycobacterium caprae experimental challenge models in goats: endobronchial inoculation vs. intranasal nebulization. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236834. [PMID: 37637110 PMCID: PMC10450934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Goats are natural hosts of tuberculosis (TB) and are a valid animal model to test new vaccines and treatments to control this disease. In this study, a new experimental model of TB in goats based on the intranasal nebulization of Mycobacterium caprae was assessed in comparison with the endobronchial route of infection. Methods Fourteen animals were divided into two groups of seven and challenged through the endobronchial (EB) and intranasal (IN) routes, respectively. Clinical signs, rectal temperature, body weight, and immunological responses from blood samples were followed up throughout the experiment. All goats were euthanized at 9 weeks post-challenge. Gross pathological examination, analysis of lung lesions using computed tomography, and bacterial load quantification in pulmonary lymph nodes (LNs) by qPCR were carried out. Results The IN-challenged group showed a slower progression of the infection: delayed clinical signs (body weight gain reduction, peak of temperature, and apparition of other TB signs) and delayed immunological responses (IFN-γ peak response and seroconversion). At the end of the experiment, the IN group also showed significantly lower severity and dissemination of lung lesions, lower mycobacterial DNA load and volume of lesions in pulmonary LN, and higher involvement of the nasopharyngeal cavity and volume of the lesions in the retropharyngeal LN. Conclusion The results indicated that the IN challenge with M. caprae induced pathological features of natural TB in the lungs, respiratory LN, and extrapulmonary organs but extremely exaggerating the nasopharyngeal TB pathological features. On the other hand, the EB route oversized and accelerated the pulmonary TB lesion progression. Our results highlight the need to refine the inoculation routes in the interest of faithfully reproducing the natural TB infection when evaluating new vaccines or treatments against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Melgarejo
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alex Cobos
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carles Planas
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Fondevila
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maite Martín
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Zoraida Cervera
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cantero
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Medicina y Cirugía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Medicina y Cirugía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Melgarejo C, Planas C, Cobos A, Arrieta-Villegas C, Sevilla IA, Bezos J, Moll X, Espada Y, Garrido JM, Domingo M, Vidal E, Pérez de Val B. A proof-of-concept study to investigate the efficacy of heat-inactivated autovaccines in Mycobacterium caprae experimentally challenged goats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22132. [PMID: 36550177 PMCID: PMC9780325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a heat-inactivated Mycobacterium caprae (HIMC) vaccine in goats experimentally challenged with the same strain of M. caprae. Twenty-one goats were divided into three groups of seven: vaccinated with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB), with HIMC and unvaccinated. At 7 weeks post-vaccination all animals were endobronchially challenged with M. caprae. Blood samples were collected for immunological assays and clinical signs were recorded throughout the experiment. All goats were euthanized at 9 weeks post-challenge. Gross pathological examination, analysis of lung pathology using computed tomography, and bacterial load quantification in pulmonary lymph nodes (LN) by qPCR were carried out. Only HIMC vaccinated goats showed a significant reduction of lung lesions volume and mycobacterial DNA load in LN compared to unvaccinated controls. Both vaccinated groups showed also a significant reduction of the other pathological parameters, an improved clinical outcome and a higher proportion of IFN-γ-producing central memory T cells after vaccination. The results indicated that homologous vaccination of goats with HIMC induced enhanced protection against M. caprae challenge by reducing lung pathology and bacterial load compared to the heterologous vaccine (HIMB). Further large-scale trials are necessary to assess the efficacy of autovaccines under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Melgarejo
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Carles Planas
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Alex Cobos
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Claudia Arrieta-Villegas
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Iker A. Sevilla
- grid.509696.50000 0000 9853 6743Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Derio, Bizkaia, Basque Country Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Joseba M. Garrido
- grid.509696.50000 0000 9853 6743Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Derio, Bizkaia, Basque Country Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
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Fernández M, Royo M, Arteche-Villasol N, Ferreras MC, Benavides J, Pérez V. Peripheral IFN-ɣ Production after Blood Stimulation with Different Mycobacterial Antigens in Goats Vaccinated against Paratuberculosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101709. [PMID: 36298574 PMCID: PMC9611356 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination can be an efficient method for the control of paratuberculosis in ruminants. However, the official tuberculosis control tests cross-interfere with the animals vaccinated against paratuberculosis. In order to test and compare new antigens that could solve this problem, the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in peripheral blood at different post-vaccination days in experimental kids and adult goats, in field conditions, using the avian and bovine purified protein derivative (PPD), the johnin, two peptide cocktails of Mycobacterium bovis (PC-EC and PC-HP) and the antigens VK 055 and VK 067 of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) has been analyzed in vitro. The non-specific production of IFN-γ was observed after blood stimulation with the PC-EC and PC-HP cocktail in any sample from vaccinated animals, whereas it was detected when bovine PPD was used. These results support the possible use of these new Mycobacterium bovis antigens in the in the differentiation of animals vaccinated against paratuberculosis or infected with tuberculosis by improving the specificity of bovine PPD. In contrast, the two Map antigens tested in this study did not improve the sensitivity of johnin or avian PPD in the detection of vaccinated or Map-infected goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fernández
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-987-291-232
| | - Marcos Royo
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Noive Arteche-Villasol
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Ferreras
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Julio Benavides
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Valentín Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
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Sultana N, Pervin M, Sultana S, Islam M, Mostaree M, Khan MAHNA. Pathological study and molecular detection of zoonotic diseases in small ruminants at slaughter houses in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Vet World 2022; 15:2119-2130. [PMID: 36341049 PMCID: PMC9631356 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2119-2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Slaughterhouses act as a significant public health hotspot in developing countries like Bangladesh. The study aimed to investigate small ruminants at slaughterhouses for pathological study and molecular detection of important zoonotic diseases. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 goats and 14 sheep were investigated from June 2019 to January 2020 at different slaughterhouses in Mymensingh division, Bangladesh. The targeted diseases were tuberculosis (TB), listeriosis, Q fever, brucellosis, anthrax, toxoplasmosis, hydatidosis, and linguatulosis. The tentative diagnosis was made based on gross and histopathological lesions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to confirm the causal agents of zoonotic diseases using disease-specific primers. Results: Grossly, caseous nodule formation in the visceral organs; enlarged and calcifications of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs); hydatid cyst formation in the liver were the predominant lesions observed. Histopathologically, granuloma, caseous necrosis, and calcifications admixed with acid-fast bacteria in the MLNs, liver, spleen, and kidney were seen as suggestive of infectivity due to TB. Septic lymphadenitis mixed with rod-shaped bacteria, doughnut granuloma, fibroplasia accompanied by eosinophils and lymphocytic infiltration in MLNs, and portal granuloma were observed in listeriosis, Q fever, linguatulosis, and toxoplasmosis suspected cases, respectively. The PCR amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (372 bp), Mycobacterium bovis (600 bp), Listeria monocytogenes (517 bp), Toxoplasma gondii (512 bp), and Coxiella burnetii (687 bp) species-specific amplicons. In addition, linguatulosis and hydatidosis were identified in six and three goats, respectively. Brucellosis and anthrax were not detected in any cases. The slaughterhouse samples were also found to harbor the coexistence of different zoonotic pathogens. Conclusion: Deadly infectious zoonotic diseases in goats and sheep at slaughterhouses may cause widespread public health risks. As a result, more intensive monitoring and epidemiological surveys are required to successfully prevent and control zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazneen Sultana
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Munmun Pervin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sajeda Sultana
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmuda Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Moutuza Mostaree
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Sultana N, Pervin M, Sultana S, Mostaree M, Tamanna Mumu T, Abu Hadi Noor Ali Khan M. Fascioliasis may promote tuberculous infectivity in small ruminants. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103402. [PMID: 36039324 PMCID: PMC9418601 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis and bovine tuberculosis (TB) are global impediments to livestock development. We investigated the co-infectivity of fascioliasis and TB in small ruminants at slaughter. A total of 84 goats and 16 sheep were investigated from different slaughter houses in Mymensingh city, Bangladesh from June 2019 to February 2020. Grossly, acute fascioliasis was characterized by hemorrhagic tracts in the liver and chronic fascioliasis with biliary cirrhosis and pipe-stem liver. Grossly, seven goats and two sheep were associated with the acute and sixty goats and seven sheep were associated with the chronic phase of fascioliasis. Five goats’ livers showed both the acute and chronic phases of fascioliasis. In TB, granulomas with central core of caseous necrosis were seen in the lymph nodes (21), livers (10) and lungs (01) of goats or in the lymph nodes (03) and liver (01) of sheep. Histopathologically, biliary cirrhosis was seen in fascioliasis and granuloma, caseous necrosis and calcification in TB. In co-infection revealed granuloma (TB) with acid-fast bacilli and widespread biliary cirrhosis in the livers of goats (14) and sheep (02). The fragments of the 16S rRNA gene (372 bp, M. tuberculosis complex) and MPB83 gene (600 bp, M. bovis) were detected in the lymph nodes, livers and lungs using polymerase chain reaction. This study showed the existence of co-infectivity of Fasciola and M. bovis in goats and sheep in Bangladesh. Chronic fascioliasis may be associated with establishing tuberculous infection in small ruminants. Therefore, extremely zoonotic bovine TB control programs require active management of fascioliasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohammad Abu Hadi Noor Ali Khan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
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Spatial distribution of Mycobacterium bovis spoligotypes in cattle from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:238. [PMID: 35867201 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Genotyping methods have led to a better understanding of the epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection, and its transmission dynamics, as well as the possible phylogenetic relationships between Mycobacterium strains, thus making bovine tuberculosis control programs more efficient. The goal of this study was to characterize the main spoligotypes of M. bovis isolated from cattle in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was carried out in 28 municipalities of "Triângulo Mineiro" and "Alto Paranaíba" regions of the state. Viscera samples were obtained from 58 bovines positive for tuberculosis according to comparative cervical tests, and from another 100 bovines with lesions suggestive of tuberculosis, which were donated by the National Agricultural Laboratory of Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais. Microbiological isolation was performed in Stonebrink medium, and molecular identification of mycobacteria was performed by PCR. Genotyping was performed using the spoligotyping method at the Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Institute of National Agricultural Technology Institute-National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Among the 158 viscera samples, we obtained 40 (25%) isolates of M. bovis, and detected 11 spoligotype patterns, with a predominance of SB1142 (37.5%), SB0121 (25.0%), and SB1145 (10.0%). Other standards, SB0295, SB1050, SB0881, SB1144, SB1802, SB0140, SB0120, and SB0849, varied from 2.5 to 7.5%, heterogeneously distributed among the municipalities. The presence of spoligotypes shared with other Brazilian states and different countries indicates their possible exchange through epidemiological relationships, such as the transit of live animals and/or genetic similarity between strains that share a common ancestor.
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Mycobacterium bovis Tuberculosis in Two Goat Farms in Multi-Host Ecosystems in Sicily (Italy): Epidemiological, Diagnostic, and Regulatory Considerations. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060649. [PMID: 35745503 PMCID: PMC9230833 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is the causative agent of animal tuberculosis (bTB), infecting and causing disease in several animal species. In areas where there are complex interactions between reservoir hosts and susceptible species, the control of this pathogen is a challenge. The authors report two outbreaks of goat tuberculosis caused by M. bovis in multi-host ecosystems within two protected natural areas of Sicily, where TB is historically endemic. The first outbreak (Farm A) was identified after the incidental detection at the slaughterhouse of TB-like lesions in goat viscera ready to be disposed. Single intradermal cervical tuberculin test (SICT) was performed in Farm A on 205 goats, resulting positive in 10 (4.9%). After slaughtering, six out of ten animals showed TB-like lesions, from which M. bovis spoligotype SB0841 was isolated. The typing did not reveal any epidemiological connection with the neighboring cattle, suggesting that free-ranging type of management exposed the affected goat livestock or wildlife infected with other strains. The second outbreak (Farm B) was detected in a mixed farm (bovine, caprine, and ovine), where relapsing outbreaks of TB in cattle were registered in the previous years after performing the SICT in cohabiting goats. SICT resulted positive in 6/153 (3.9%), and two animals showed bTB-like lesions. No mycobacteria were cultured, and the final diagnosis of TB was achieved by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The reported outbreaks highlight the importance of assessing the epidemiological, diagnostic, and regulatory critical issue, which is fundamental to optimizing the strategies of eradicating TB in the endemic multi-host ecosystem described.
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de Almeida CAS, Dos Santos CR, Benites NR, Jordão RS, Chimara É, Benesi FJ, de Azevedo SS, Ribeiro MG, Pinheiro SR. Intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test in the diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 53:421-431. [PMID: 34767242 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the most important infectious diseases with well-known zoonotic nature that affect humans, wildlife, and domestic animals, including goats. Nonetheless, no intradermal tuberculin test has been standardized for caprine diagnosis of tuberculosis. The present study investigated the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test (ICCTT) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis among 60 goats from farms with history of tuberculosis. The cutoff applied to goats was based on a study where goats had been experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium. Clinical examination, bacteriological culture, and histopathological staining were assessed to the diagnosis. Isolates compatible with mycobacteria were subjected for molecular diagnosis based on gyrB-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and PCR restriction-enzyme analysis (PRA) of hsp65 gene by BstEII and HaeIII, namely PRA-hsp65 assay. From all goats, 60% (n = 36/60), 3.3% (n = 2/60), and 36.7% (n = 22/60) showed positive, inconclusive, and negative reactions, respectively. Out of 36 goats with ICCTT positive, 75% (n = 27/36) had isolation of mycobacteria and were detected M. bovis by gyrB-RFLP. Molecular diagnosis and histopathological findings compatible with tuberculosis showed 86.1% (n = 31/36) concordance with the ICCTT. When compared ICCTT with M. bovis isolation, gyrB-RFLP, and histopathology, the better arithmetic means of sensitivity and specificity were 2.5 mm for ICCTT compared with M. bovis isolation and gyrB-RFLP, and 4.55 mm when compared with histopathology. Both receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves presented statistical significance (P < 0.001). The identification of other mycobacteria, e.g., M. kansasii, M. flavescens, M. avium, M. florentinum, M. lentiflavum, M. simiae, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, not influenced positive results in ICCTT. The concordance between bacteriological, histopathological, and molecular identification with ICCTT findings indicate that the tuberculin test may be used as a valuable tool for diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis and reinforce the importance of association of methods to diagnostic of the disease from animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caio R Dos Santos
- Animal Pathology Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilson Roberti Benites
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S Jordão
- Biological Institute of São Paulo, Secretariat of Agriculture and Supply of State of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Érica Chimara
- Tuberculosis and Mycobacteriosies Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio S de Azevedo
- Veterinary Medicine Academic Unit, Federal University of Campina Grande, UFCG, Paraíba, PB, Brazil
| | - Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sônia Regina Pinheiro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Arrieta-Villegas C, Allepuz A, Grasa M, Martín M, Cervera Z, Mercader I, López-Soria S, Domingo M, Pérez de Val B. Long-term efficacy of BCG vaccination in goat herds with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20369. [PMID: 33230112 PMCID: PMC7683592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination of goats against tuberculosis (TB) has been promoted as an ancillary tool for controlling the disease in infected livestock herds. A three-year trial to assess the efficacy of BCG vaccine was carried out in five goat herds. At the beginning of the trial (month 0), all animals were tested for TB using thee different diagnostic tests. Animals negative to all tests were vaccinated with BCG and all replacement goat kids were also systematically vaccinated throughout the trial. All animals were tested by Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) using vaccine compatible reagents at months 6, 12, 24, and 36. The risk factors for TB infection were also evaluated. At the end of the study, four out of five farms showed variable reductions of the initial prevalence (93.5%, 28.5%, 23.2%, and 14.3% respectively), and an overall incidence reduction of 50% was observed in BCG vaccinated goats, although adult vaccinated goats showed higher incidences than vaccinated goat kids. The unvaccinated positive animals remaining in herds and adult BCG vaccinated goats significantly enhanced the risk of infection in vaccinated animals. A systematic vaccination of goats with BCG, together with the removal of positive unvaccinated animals, may contribute to reducing the TB prevalence in goat herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Arrieta-Villegas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Allepuz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miriam Grasa
- Agrupació de Defensa Sanitària de Cabrum i Oví Lleter de Catalunya, Barbens, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maite Martín
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Zoraida Cervera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Irene Mercader
- Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentació, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Soria
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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11
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Review on Epidemiology and Public Health Importance of Goat Tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:8898874. [PMID: 33062246 PMCID: PMC7533027 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8898874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ruminant is an important and integral part of livestock in Ethiopia. Especially, goats are attractive to people of Ethiopia because of the ability to resist challenges, easily adapt to different ecological regions, and need small land to rearing and small initial capital in which poor people can engaged in the production system. In spite of the presence of large number of goat population in Ethiopia, it fails to utilize expected productivity due to many factors. Among the factors, which limit the economic returns of goats, diseases stand frontline. Tuberculosis is one the diseases that affect goats' health and production in Ethiopia. Goat tuberculosis is a chronic disease, which is characterized by the development of granulomas, essentially in the respiratory tract and related lymph nodes, from which the mycobacteria are discharged and contaminate other susceptible animals. Goat tuberculosis has a public health implication in Ethiopia because of the farmers' habit of consuming raw goat milk and its products, and they do have consistent or day-to-day contact with their goats. The etiological agents also transmitted to humans through the aerogenous route from those animals with active cases in the herd. The infection has been reported from several parts of different areas of the country dependent on the abattoir inspections. Therefore, attention should be given towards the control of tuberculosis in livestock; public health education on zoonotic importance of the disease or awareness creation and the national tuberculosis control needs to consider the one health approach, and further epidemiological studies should be undertaken.
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Ciaravino G, Vidal E, Cortey M, Martín M, Sanz A, Mercader I, Perea C, Robbe-Austerman S, Allepuz A, Pérez de Val B. Phylogenetic relationships investigation of Mycobacterium caprae strains from sympatric wild boar and goats based on whole genome sequencing. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1476-1486. [PMID: 32888386 PMCID: PMC8246549 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in wildlife challenges epidemiological surveillance and disease control. An outbreak of TB was detected in a free‐ranging wild boar population of a Natural Park in Catalonia (Spain) and the outbreak investigation was conducted in the area. During the study period (2015–2020), 278 wild boars were analysed by gross pathology, histopathology, mycobacterial culture and DVR‐spoligotyping. In addition, all cattle (49) and goat (47) herds of the area were tested with tuberculin skin test. TB compatible lesions were detected in 21 wild boars, and Mycobacterium caprae was isolated in 17 of them with two different spoligotypes: SB0415 (13) and SB1908 (4). Only two goat herds showed TB positive animals that were subsequently slaughtered. M. caprae with the spoligotypes SB0416 and SB0415 were isolated from these animals. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships and the transmission chain of the outbreak, nine strains isolated from six wild boars and three goats of the study area were analysed by whole genome sequencing (WGS) followed by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis by maximum likelihood and median‐joining network inference methods. Results indicated that infected wild boars maintained M. caprae strains circulation in their own population and have likely transmitted the infection to goats, thus acting as TB reservoirs, compromising the success of livestock TB eradication campaigns and posing a risk for public health. The results also highlighted the usefulness of WGS followed by SNP analysis in providing relevant epidemiological information when detailed contact data are missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Ciaravino
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Martí Cortey
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maite Martín
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Albert Sanz
- Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentació de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Mercader
- Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentació de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Perea
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Suelee Robbe-Austerman
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Alberto Allepuz
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Spain
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13
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Roy A, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, de la Cruz ML, Domínguez L, Álvarez J, Bezos J. Accuracy of tuberculosis diagnostic tests in small ruminants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2020; 182:105102. [PMID: 32739695 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in small ruminants is a neglected disease despite its major impact on goat and sheep production and the global public health. The awareness of the role of small ruminants in the epidemiology of animal TB has increased in the last two decades, however, there is a lack of standardization of procedures and robust quantitative estimates on the accuracy of diagnostic TB tests in the scientific literature. To address this knowledge gap, all the available information regarding the use of ante-mortem diagnostic techniques in small ruminants was collected and summarized through a systematic review process. Furthermore, a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to separately estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of cell-based tests among the retrieved studies in goats. Studies included in the meta-analysis were also evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies included in systematic reviews adapted for animal diagnostic tests (VETQUADAS). Median pooled Se estimates of the single intradermal tuberculin (SIT) test (ranged from 0.51 to 0.59), the comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIT) test (ranged from 0.30 to 0.50) and the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) (ranged from 0.66 to 0.72) were lower than that reported previously in cattle, regardless the interpretation criteria and the reporting of MAP infection or vaccination. However, the specificity was adequate for all the tests (ranged from 0.95 to 0.99), except for the SIT test in MAP vaccinated herds (ranged from 0.78 to 0.90). This study provides an overview of the accuracy of diagnostic tests for TB in goats, however, the considerable between-study heterogeneity found hampered the conclusive interpretation of the pooled Se and Sp estimates. Therefore, further studies in small ruminants are necessary to optimize the diagnostic Se, which could help to design effective control strategies, accelerate the eradication of TB in these species and harmonize test procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roy
- CZ Vaccines, Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain; VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Infantes-Lorenzo
- Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - M L de la Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, UFV, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Health. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Álvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Health. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Health. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Arrieta-Villegas C, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Bezos J, Grasa M, Vidal E, Mercader I, Singh M, Domingo M, de Juan L, Pérez de Val B. Evaluation of P22 Antigenic Complex for the Immuno-Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in BCG Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Goats. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:374. [PMID: 32714950 PMCID: PMC7351524 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current eradication strategies of tuberculosis (TB) in goats mainly rely on the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT) and single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin tests (SICCTs). TB vaccination has been proposed as a cost-effective option in high-prevalence herds or countries where economic compensation for the slaughter of positive animals is not affordable. However, TB vaccination compromises the efficiency of tuberculin-based diagnostic tests. In this study, the performance of a new diagnostic platform, based on the P22 antigenic complex, was assessed for skin test (ST), interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), and serology under different TB scenarios. The sensitivity (Se) of diagnostic tests was assessed in TB-infected goats from the same farm (herd A, N = 77). The specificity (Sp) was assessed in two TB-negative farms (both vaccinated against paratuberculosis): one TB unvaccinated (herd B, N = 77) and another vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (herd C, N = 68). The single (s) P22-IGRA showed the highest Se among IGRA tests (91%), and the comparative (c) P22-ST showed the highest Sp (100% in herd B and 98% in herd C). Combined interpretation of techniques enabled the best diagnostic performances. Combining the SICCT + sP22-IGRA improved Se (97%) compared to SICCT + tuberculin-based IGRA (95%), with a reduction of Sp (95 and 100%, respectively). Besides, combination of P22-ELISA with cP22-ST or SICCT elicited a similar performance in the non-vaccination context (Se: 94 and 95%; Sp: 95 and 95%, respectively), but Sp was significantly higher for the combination with cP22-ST compared to SICCT in the TB vaccination context (95 and 79%, respectively). The combination of serological tests based on P22 and MPB83 showed higher complementarity and improved 13 percentage points the Se of P22-ELISA alone. These findings suggest that either cell-mediated or antibody-based diagnostic techniques, using the P22 antigen complex, can contribute to improve the immunodiagnostics of TB in goats under different TB control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Arrieta-Villegas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Infantes-Lorenzo
- Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Grasa
- Agrupació de Defensa Sanitària de Cabrum i Oví Lleter de Catalunya, Barbens, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Mercader
- Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentació de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Lionex Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mariano Domingo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Anzuino K, Knowles TG, Lee MRF, Grogono-Thomas R. Survey of husbandry and health on UK commercial dairy goat farms. Vet Rec 2019; 185:267. [PMID: 31413117 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Published research relevant to the UK dairy goat industry is scarce. Current practices and concerns within the UK dairy goat industry must be better understood if research is to have optimal value. A postal survey was conducted of the farmer membership of the Milking Goat Association as a first step in addressing gaps in knowledge. Questions were asked about husbandry practices, farmer observations of their goats and their priorities for further research. Seventy-three per cent of Milking Goat Association members responded, representing 38 per cent of commercial dairy goat farms and 53 per cent of the commercial dairy goat population in England and Wales. Findings were comprehensive and showed extensive variation in farm practices. Farmers reported pneumonia and scours (diarrhoea) as the most prevalent illnesses of their kids. Pneumonia, diarrhoea, failure to conceive and poor growth were the most prevalent observations of youngstock. Overly fat body condition, assisted kidding, failure to conceive and difficulty drying off were the most prevalent observations of adult milking goats. Farmers' top priorities for further research were kid health (79.5 per cent of farmers), Johne's disease (69.5 per cent of farmers), tuberculosis (59 per cent of farmers) and nutrition (47.7 per cent of farmers).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Anzuino
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T G Knowles
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M R F Lee
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Devon, UK
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Performativity and a microbe: Exploring Mycobacterium bovis and the political ecologies of bovine tuberculosis. BIOSOCIETIES 2018; 14:179-204. [PMID: 32226469 PMCID: PMC7100403 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-018-0124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis, the bacterium responsible for causing bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle, displays what I call ‘microbial performativity’. Like many other lively disease-causing microorganisms, it has an agency which is difficult to contain, and there is a need for fresh thinking on the challenges of dealing with this slippery and indeterminate microbe. As a practising veterinary scientist who side-stepped mid-career into a parallel training in the social sciences to view bTB from an alternative perspective, I create an interdisciplinary coming-together where veterinary science converges with a political ecology of (animal) health influenced by science and technology studies (STS) and social science and humanities scholarship on performativity. This suitably hybridized nexus creates a place to consider the ecologies of a pathogen which could be considered as life out of control. I consider what this means for efforts to eradicate this disease through combining understandings from the published scientific literature with qualitative interview-based fieldwork with farmers, veterinarians and others involved in the statutory bTB eradication programme in a high incidence region of the UK. This study demonstrates the value of life scientists turning to the social sciences to re-view their familiar professional habitus—challenging assumptions, and offering alternative perspectives on complex problems.
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Ghebremariam MK, Michel AL, Vernooij JCM, Nielen M, Rutten VPMG. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle, goats, and camels of traditional livestock raising communities in Eritrea. BMC Vet Res 2018. [PMID: 29514650 PMCID: PMC5842630 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in cattle, goats, and camels, and its zoonotic potential within the traditional livestock raising communities in four regions of Eritrea. The Single Intradermal Comparative Tuberculin Test (SICTT) as indicator of M. bovis infection was conducted on 1077 cattle, 876 goats, and 195 camels. To elucidate possible risk factors for BTB transmission between animals and its potential zoonotic implication, questionnaire based face-to-face interviews were conducted in households of which 232 raised cattle, 128 goats, and 29 camels. Results The results of the SCITT were interpreted using the OIE standard (> 4 mm cut-off) for positive responses. In cattle, individual animal (n = 1077) and herd (n = 413) prevalences were 1.2% (n = 13) [Confidence Interval (CI) 95% CI, 1.0–1.3%] and 3.2% (n = 13) (95% CI, 3.0–3.4%), respectively. In goats (n = 876), none of the animals was positive. In camels, individual animal (n = 195) and herd (n = 70), BTB prevalences were 1.5% (n = 3) (95% CI,1.4–1.6%) and 2.9(n = 2) (95% CI, 0.9–4.6%), respectively. Overall, male animals were more at risk (OR = 2.6; 95% CI:1.0–8.7) when compared to females. Sharing of water points, introduction of new animals into herds and migration of animals over large distances were common events that may contribute to intra and inter-species transmission of BTB. Consumption of raw milk, lack of BTB transmission awareness, and low levels of education were common in the farming communities. Conclusion The current study highlighted a low prevalence of M. bovis in cattle, goats and camels in extensive traditional livestock in Eritrea. Despite this, the spatial distribution of affected animals across most of the sampled regions and consumption of unpasteurized milk warrants surveillance, cautious and timely control measures for the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1397-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Ghebremariam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Hamelmalo Agricultural College, Keren, Eritrea.
| | - A L Michel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Research Associate at the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J C M Vernooij
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Nielen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V P M G Rutten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Vidal E, Arrieta-Villegas C, Grasa M, Mercader I, Domingo M, Pérez de Val B. Field evaluation of the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine against tuberculosis in goats. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:252. [PMID: 28818102 PMCID: PMC5561642 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Control of animal tuberculosis (TB) through vaccination has emerged as a long-term strategy to complement test and slaughter control strategy. A pilot trial under field conditions was conducted in a goat herd with high TB prevalence to assess the efficacy of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine. Results Twenty-three goat kids vaccinated with BCG and other 22 unvaccinated control kids were euthanized at 18 months post-vaccination. Gross pathological and histopathological examination of target tissues was performed for detection of tuberculous lesions and assessment of vaccine efficacy. Mycobacterial culture and DNA detection were used to confirm Mycobacterium caprae infection. Vaccination significantly reduced the number of animals with TB lesions compared to unvaccinated controls (35% and 77%, respectively; P < 0.01). This reduction was even higher if only extra-pulmonary infection was considered (17% and 68%, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions This trial demonstrates that BCG vaccination of goats can significantly reduce the TB lesion rates in high disease exposure conditions, indicating that vaccination could contribute to the control of TB in domestic goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Vidal
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Claudia Arrieta-Villegas
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miriam Grasa
- Associació de Ramaders de Cabrum de Catalunya, 25400, Les Borges Blanques, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Irene Mercader
- Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentació de la Generalitat de Catalunya, 08007, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Abstract
In this article we present experimental Mycobacterium bovis infection models in domestic livestock species and how these models were applied to vaccine development, biomarker discovery, and the definition of specific antigens for the differential diagnosis of infected and vaccinated animals. In particular, we highlight synergies between human and bovine tuberculosis (TB) research approaches and data and propose that the application of bovine TB models could make a valuable contribution to human TB vaccine research and that close alignment of both research programs in a one health philosophy will lead to mutual and substantial benefits.
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Radiographic Findings in Cats with Mycobacterial Infections. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 13:718-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study describes radiographic changes associated with mycobacterial infection in 33 domestic cats confirmed by culture or interferon-gamma testing. Infection was seen most frequently in adult (average age 5.7 years; range 1.5–12 years), non-pedigree (87%; 27/31), neutered male cats (69%; 22/32). The most common infections were Mycobacterium microti (60%; 18/30) and Mycobacterium bovis (37%; 11/30); Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium malmoense were infrequently cultured (3% of each; 1/30). Radiographs were available for the thorax (24 cats), abdomen (eight), appendicular skeleton (11) and head (three). Radiographic changes affected the thorax most commonly, consisting of bronchial (46%; 11/24), alveolar (38%; 9/24), nodular unstructured interstitial (38%; 9/24) or unstructured interstitial (25%; 6/24) lung patterns, which were often mixed. Perihilar or sternal lymphadenopathy were common (42%; 10/24), particularly perihilar lymphadenopathy (25%; 6/24). Skeletal changes were found in the distal antebrachium (three), pes (two), maxilla, scapula, spine, manus, femur, and tarsus (one each). Changes were typically osteolytic (73%; 8/11), often permeative osteolytic (64%; 7/11). Osteoproliferative changes were seen in three cats and soft tissue swelling in five cats, which were adjacent to the bony abnormality in four cats. Other changes included submandibular soft tissue swelling, marked aortic, aortic root and brachiocephalic trunk calcification, and soft tissue swelling with calcification in the distal antebranchium which was not involving bone. Abdominal changes were uncommon (seen in 2/8 cats) and consisted of hepatomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly. In summary, radiographic changes were varied, no lesion was pathognomic for mycobacterial infection, and pathology was seen most commonly in the thorax.
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Major A, Holmes A, Warren-Smith C, Lalor S, Littler R, Schwarz T, Gunn-Moore D. Computed tomographic findings in cats with mycobacterial infection. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 18:510-7. [PMID: 26045480 PMCID: PMC11185229 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15588799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to describe the CT imaging findings associated with confirmed mycobacterial infection in cats. METHODS CT images from 20 cats with confirmed mycobacterial disease were retrospectively reviewed. Five cats underwent conscious full-body CT in a VetMouseTrap device. All other cats had thoracic CT performed under general anaesthesia, with the addition of CT investigation of the head/neck, abdomen and limbs in some cases. RESULTS Mycobacterial infection was seen most frequently in adult (mean age 7.4 years; range 0.6-14 years) neutered male cats (11/20). The most common infections were Mycobacterium microti (6/20) and Mycobacterium bovis (6/20). CT abnormalities were most commonly seen in the thorax, consisting of bronchial (9/20), alveolar (8/20), ground glass (6/20) or structured interstitial (15/20) lung patterns, which were often mixed. Tracheobronchial, sternal and cranial mediastinal lymphadenomegaly were common (16/20). Other abnormalities included abdominal (8/13) or peripheral (10/18) lymphadenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly (7/13), mixed osteolytic/osteoproliferative skeletal lesions (7/20) and cutaneous or subcutaneous soft tissue masses/nodules (4/20). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE CT of feline mycobacteriosis shows a wide range of abnormalities, often involving multiple organ systems and mimicking many other feline diseases. Mycobacteriosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of thoracic, abdominal and skeletal disorders in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Major
- Alison Major MA, VetMB, MRCVS, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Andrea Holmes
- School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol/Langford Veterinary Services, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - Christopher Warren-Smith
- School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol/Langford Veterinary Services, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephanie Lalor
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, UK
| | | | - Tobias Schwarz
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, UK
| | - Danièlle Gunn-Moore
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, UK
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Pérez de Val B, Vidal E, López-Soria S, Marco A, Cervera Z, Martín M, Mercader I, Singh M, Raeber A, Domingo M. Assessment of safety and interferon gamma responses of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine in goat kids and milking goats. Vaccine 2016; 34:881-6. [PMID: 26795364 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination of domestic animals has emerged as an alternative long-term strategy for the control of tuberculosis (TB). A trial under field conditions was conducted in a TB-free goat herd to assess the safety of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine. Eleven kids and 10 milking goats were vaccinated with BCG. Bacterial shedding and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) responses were monitored throughout the study. Comprehensive pathological examination and mycobacterial culture of target tissues were performed. BCG vaccine strain was only isolated from the draining lymph node of the injection site of a kid euthanized at week 8 post-vaccination. The remaining animals were euthanized at week 24. Six out of 20 showed small granulomas at the injection site. BCG shedding was not detected in either faeces or in milk throughout the study. All vaccinated kids showed BCG-induced IFN-γ responses at week 8 post-vaccination. BCG vaccination of goats showed no lack of biological safety for the animals, environment and public health, and local adverse reactions were negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Pérez de Val
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Enric Vidal
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Soria
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alberto Marco
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Zoraida Cervera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maite Martín
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Irene Mercader
- Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentació de la Generalitat de Catalunya, 08007 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Lionex Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, D-38126 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alex Raeber
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Schlieren, 8952 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mariano Domingo
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Benavides J, González L, Dagleish M, Pérez V. Diagnostic pathology in microbial diseases of sheep or goats. Vet Microbiol 2015; 181:15-26. [PMID: 26275854 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-mortem examination is a key step in the diagnostic process of infectious diseases in sheep and goats. Diagnostic pathology deals with identification and study of lesions, at the same time providing also significant clues regarding pathogenesis of the diseases. This article reviews the salient pathological findings associated with the most significant infectious diseases of sheep and goats present in countries where small ruminants are a relevant agricultural industry. Lesions are reviewed according to the different organ systems where they occur. Emphasis has been given in the description of the salient lesional patterns than can be identified in each organ and which can be of help in the differential diagnosis of the lesions caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or prions. Finally, a review of the usefulness of ancillary tests that may be used on various tissue samples for performing an aetiological diagnosis, is included; the application of various techniques, from immunohistochemistry to molecular biology-based tests, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benavides
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - L González
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - M Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - V Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
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Pesciaroli M, Alvarez J, Boniotti M, Cagiola M, Di Marco V, Marianelli C, Pacciarini M, Pasquali P. Tuberculosis in domestic animal species. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97 Suppl:S78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Vaccination of domestic animals against tuberculosis: Review of progress and contributions to the field of the TBSTEP project. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97 Suppl:S53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Domingo M, Vidal E, Marco A. Pathology of bovine tuberculosis. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97 Suppl:S20-9. [PMID: 24731532 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic granulomatous caseous-necrotising inflammatory process that mainly affects the lungs and their draining lymph nodes (Ln.). The pathological changes associated with bTB infection reflect the interplay between the host defence mechanisms and the mycobacterial virulence factors and the balance between the immunologic protective responses and the damaging inflammatory processes. Inhalation is the most common infection route and causes lesions of the nasopharynx and lower respiratory tract, including its associated lymph nodes. The initial infection (primary complex) may be followed by chronic (post-primary) tuberculosis or may be generalised. Goat tuberculosis often produces liquefactive necrosis and caverns, similarly to human TB. The assessment of the severity of TB lesions is crucial for vaccine trials. Semi-quantitative gross lesion scoring systems have been developed for cattle, but imaging technology has allowed the development of more standardised, objective, and quantitative methods, such as multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), which provides quantitative measures of lesion volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Domingo
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain; Departament de Anatomia I Sanitat Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain.
| | - E Vidal
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Marco
- Departament de Anatomia I Sanitat Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
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Rodriguez-Campos S, Smith NH, Boniotti MB, Aranaz A. Overview and phylogeny of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms: implications for diagnostics and legislation of bovine tuberculosis. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97 Suppl:S5-S19. [PMID: 24630673 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) cause a serious disease with similar pathology, tuberculosis; in this review, bovine tuberculosis will be considered as disease caused by any member of the MTBC in bovids. Bovine tuberculosis is responsible for significant economic loss due to costly eradication programs and trade limitations and poses a threat to both endangered and protected species as well as to public health. We here give an overview on all members of the MTBC, focusing on their isolation from different animal hosts. We also review the recent advances made in elucidating the evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships of members of the MTBC. Because the nomenclature of the MTBC is controversial, its members have been considered species, subspecies or ecotypes, this review discusses the possible implications for diagnostics and the legal consequences of naming of new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rodriguez-Campos
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Noel H Smith
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Maria B Boniotti
- Centro Nazionale di Referenza per la Tubercolosi Bovina, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alicia Aranaz
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hiero s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Crawshaw TR, Chanter JI, McGoldrick A, Line K. A proof of concept study to assess the potential of PCR testing to detect natural Mycobacterium bovis infection in South American camelids. Ir Vet J 2014; 67:5. [PMID: 24507471 PMCID: PMC3922029 DOI: 10.1186/2046-0481-67-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cases of Mycobacterium bovis infection South American camelids have been increasing in Great Britain. Current antemortem immunological tests have some limitations. Cases at post mortem examination frequently show extensive pathology. The feasibility of detecting Mycobacterium bovis DNA in clinical samples was investigated. Findings A sensitive extraction methodology was developed and used on nasal swabs and faeces taken post-mortem to assess the potential for a PCR test to detect Mycobacterium bovis in clinical samples. The gross pathology of the studied South American camelids was scored and a significantly greater proportion of South American camelids with more severe pathology were positive in both the nasal swab and faecal PCR tests. A combination of the nasal swab and faecal PCR tests detected 63.9% of all the South American camelids with pathology that were tested. Conclusions The results suggest that antemortem diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis in South American camelids may be possible using a PCR test on clinical samples, however more work is required to determine sensitivity and specificity, and the practicalities of applying the test in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kirsty Line
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency Starcross, Staplake Mount, Starcross, Exeter, Devon EX6 8PE, England.
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Buendía AJ, Navarro JA, Salinas J, McNair J, de Juan L, Ortega N, Cámara P, Torreblanca P, Sanchez J. Ante-mortem diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis in persistently infected herds: Influence of lesion type on the sensitivity of diagnostic tests. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:1107-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pérez de Val B, Vidal E, Villarreal-Ramos B, Gilbert SC, Andaluz A, Moll X, Martín M, Nofrarías M, McShane H, Vordermeier HM, Domingo M. A multi-antigenic adenoviral-vectored vaccine improves BCG-induced protection of goats against pulmonary tuberculosis infection and prevents disease progression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81317. [PMID: 24278420 PMCID: PMC3836889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The “One world, one health” initiative emphasizes the need for new strategies to control human and animal tuberculosis (TB) based on their shared interface. A good example would be the development of novel universal vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection. This study uses the goat model, a natural TB host, to assess the protective effectiveness of a new vaccine candidate in combination with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. Thirty-three goat kids were divided in three groups: Group 1) vaccinated with BCG (week 0), Group 2) vaccinated with BCG and boosted 8 weeks later with a recombinant adenovirus expressing the MTBC antigens Ag85A, TB10.4, TB9.8 and Acr2 (AdTBF), and Group 3) unvaccinated controls. Later on, an endobronchial challenge with a low dose of M. caprae was performed (week 15). After necropsy (week 28), the pulmonary gross pathology was quantified using high resolution Computed Tomography. Small granulomatous pulmonary lesions (< 0.5 cm diameter) were also evaluated through a comprehensive qualitative histopathological analysis. M. caprae CFU were counted from pulmonary lymph nodes. The AdTBF improved the effects of BCG reducing gross lesion volume and bacterial load, as well as increasing weight gain. The number of Ag85A-specific gamma interferon-producing memory T-cells was identified as a predictor of vaccine efficacy. Specific cellular and humoral responses were measured throughout the 13-week post-challenge period, and correlated with the severity of lesions. Unvaccinated goats exhibited the typical pathological features of active TB in humans and domestic ruminants, while vaccinated goats showed only very small lesions. The data presented in this study indicate that multi-antigenic adenoviral vectored vaccines boosts protection conferred by vaccination with BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Pérez de Val
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat autonoma de Barcelona–Investigación y tecnología Agroalimentarias, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Enric Vidal
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat autonoma de Barcelona–Investigación y tecnología Agroalimentarias, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos
- TB Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Andaluz
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maite Martín
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat autonoma de Barcelona–Investigación y tecnología Agroalimentarias, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Nofrarías
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat autonoma de Barcelona–Investigación y tecnología Agroalimentarias, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - H. Martin Vordermeier
- TB Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Mariano Domingo
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat autonoma de Barcelona–Investigación y tecnología Agroalimentarias, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Broughan J, Downs S, Crawshaw T, Upton P, Brewer J, Clifton-Hadley R. Mycobacterium bovis infections in domesticated non-bovine mammalian species. Part 1: Review of epidemiology and laboratory submissions in Great Britain 2004–2010. Vet J 2013; 198:339-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Broughan J, Crawshaw T, Downs S, Brewer J, Clifton-Hadley R. Mycobacterium bovis infections in domesticated non-bovine mammalian species. Part 2: A review of diagnostic methods. Vet J 2013; 198:346-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Crawshaw T, Rua‐Domenech R, Brown E. Recognising the gross pathology of tuberculosis in South American camelids, deer, goats, pigs and sheep. IN PRACTICE 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.f5683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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36
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Technical specifications on harmonised epidemiological indicators for biological hazards to be covered by meat inspection of domestic sheep and goats. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Napp S, Allepuz A, Mercader I, Nofrarías M, López-Soria S, Domingo M, Romero B, Bezos J, Pérez de Val B. Evidence of goats acting as domestic reservoirs of bovine tuberculosis. Vet Rec 2013; 172:663. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Napp
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA); UAB-IRTA; Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Barcelona 08193 Spain
| | - A. Allepuz
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA); UAB-IRTA; Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Barcelona 08193 Spain
| | - I. Mercader
- Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca; Alimentació i Medi Natural de la; Generalitat de Catalunya; Barcelona 08007 Spain
| | - M. Nofrarías
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA); UAB-IRTA; Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Barcelona 08193 Spain
| | - S. López-Soria
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA); UAB-IRTA; Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Barcelona 08193 Spain
| | - M. Domingo
- Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain
| | - B. Romero
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET); Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - J. Bezos
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET); Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - B. Pérez de Val
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA); UAB-IRTA; Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Barcelona 08193 Spain
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Abstract
A risk ranking process identified Toxoplasma gondii and pathogenic verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) as the most relevant biological hazards for meat inspection of sheep and goats. As these are not detected by traditional meat inspection, a meat safety assurance system using risk-based interventions was proposed. Further studies are required on T. gondii and pathogenic VTEC. If new information confirms these hazards as a high risk to public health from meat from sheep or goats, setting targets at carcass level should be considered. Other elements of the system are risk-categorisation of flocks/herds based on improved Food Chain Information (FCI), classification of abattoirs according to their capability to reduce faecal contamination, and use of improved process hygiene criteria. It is proposed to omit palpation and incision from post-mortem inspection in animals subjected to routine slaughter. For chemical hazards, dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls were ranked as being of high potential concern. Monitoring programmes for chemical hazards should be more flexible and based on the risk of occurrence, taking into account FCI, which should be expanded to reflect the extensive production systems used, and the ranking of chemical substances, which should be regularly updated and include new hazards. Control programmes across the food chain, national residue control plans, feed control and monitoring of environmental contaminants should be better integrated. Meat inspection is a valuable tool for surveillance and monitoring of animal health and welfare conditions. Omission of palpation and incision would reduce detection effectiveness for tuberculosis and fasciolosis at animal level. Surveillance of tuberculosis at the slaughterhouse in small ruminants should be improved and encouraged, as this is in practice the only surveillance system available. Extended use of FCI could compensate for some, but not all, the information on animal health and welfare lost if only visual post-mortem inspection is applied.
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Zanardi G, Boniotti MB, Gaffuri A, Casto B, Zanoni M, Pacciarini ML. Tuberculosis transmission by Mycobacterium bovis in a mixed cattle and goat herd. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:430-3. [PMID: 23664181 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A tuberculosis (TB) outbreak caused by Mycobacterium bovis occurred in a mixed herd of three cattle and eighteen goats in Northern Italy in 2005. All the cattle were removed, as opposed to the co-existing goats, who remained in the farm and were not subsequently tested by the official intradermal tuberculin test. At the beginning of May 2006, a 7-day old calf was introduced into the herd from an officially TB-free (OTF) farm. On October 2006, tuberculous lesions were detected at the slaughterhouse in the same animal. The following epidemiological investigation on the herd highlighted a clinical suspicion of TB in one goat out of 35, and visible lesions were found at necropsy in the respiratory and intestinal tracts. Bacteriological culture and molecular tests confirmed the presence of M. bovis in both animals. Spoligotyping and Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units - Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) showed the same genomic profile of the previous breakdown occurred in 2005. Since this profile has never been described in Italy, these findings suggest the probable transmission of TB within the farm among cattle and goats. The remaining 34 goats were also tested by single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test, Interferon (IFN)-γ assay and ELISA for antibody to M. bovis. The SICCT test and the IFN-γ showed a good concordance with 20 and 19 positive reactors, respectively. By ELISA we found 12Ab-positive animals, seven of which had not been detected by the tests for cell-mediated immunity. Finally, 15 goats were found positive for gross lesions at necropsy. The in vivo tests revealed a total of 27 positive animals out of 35, which highlights the usefulness of the serology in parallel with SICCT and IFN-γ when an advanced stage of infection is suspected. Moreover, our results confirm the necessity for adopting the official tuberculin test on goats co-existing with cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Zanardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, Brescia, Italy.
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Deresa B, Conraths FJ, Ameni G. Abattoir-based study on the epidemiology of caprine tuberculosis in Ethiopia using conventional and molecular tools. Acta Vet Scand 2013; 55:15. [PMID: 23433481 PMCID: PMC3639213 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the important role of goats for meat and milk production in Ethiopia, little information is available on the epidemiology of caprine tuberculosis (TB). Caprine TB is important as milk is usually consumed raw particularly by Ethiopian pastoralists. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of TB in goats at an abattoir, to evaluate associated risk factors and to characterize the causative mycobacteria. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1990 randomly selected male goats that were slaughtered at Luna Export Abattoir of central Ethiopia. Postmortem examination, mycobacterial culturing and molecular typing techniques like genus typing, deletion typing and spoligotyping were used. Result The overall prevalence of caprine TB-like lesions was 3.5%. The lesion prevalence increased significantly with increasing age. Mycobacteria were found by culture and seen as acid fast bacilli in 12% of the goats with TB-like lesions. Characterization of the eight isolates using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated that five of them belonged to the genus Mycobacterium. Four of the latter were confirmed to be members of the M. tuberculosis complex. Further characterization of the three M. tuberculosis isolates by spoligotyping identified them as type SIT53 and two new spoligotypes. Conclusion The isolation of M. tuberculosis from goats in this study indicates a potential risk of transmission of M. tuberculosis between humans and goats.
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Pérez de Val B, Nofrarías M, López-Soria S, Garrido JM, Vordermeier HM, Villarreal-Ramos B, Martín M, Puentes E, Juste RA, Domingo M. Effects of vaccination against paratuberculosis on tuberculosis in goats: diagnostic interferences and cross-protection. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:191. [PMID: 23072619 PMCID: PMC3514378 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most countries carrying out campaigns of bovine tuberculosis (TB) eradication impose a ban on the use of mycobacterial vaccines in cattle. However, vaccination against paratuberculosis (PTB) in goats is often allowed even when its effect on TB diagnosis has not been fully evaluated. To address this issue, goat kids previously vaccinated against PTB were experimentally infected with TB. Results Evaluation of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion induced by avian and bovine tuberculins (PPD) showed a predominant avian PPD-biased response in the vaccinated group from week 4 post-vaccination onward. Although 60% of the animals were bovine reactors at week 14, avian PPD-biased responses returned at week 16. After challenge with M. caprae, the IFN-γ responses radically changed to show predominant bovine PPD-biased responses from week 18 onward. In addition, cross-reactions with bovine PPD that had been observed in the vaccinated group at week 14 were reduced when using the M. tuberculosis complex-specific antigens ESAT-6/CFP-10 and Rv3615c as new DIVA (differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals) reagents, which further maintained sensitivity post-challenge. Ninety percent of the animals reacted positively to the tuberculin cervical comparative intradermal test performed at 12 weeks post-infection. Furthermore, post-mortem analysis showed reductions in tuberculous lesions and bacterial burden in some vaccinated animals, particularly expressed in terms of the degree of extrapulmonary dissemination of TB infection. Conclusions Our results suggest a degree of interference of PTB vaccination with current TB diagnostics that can be fully mitigated when using new DIVA reagents. A partial protective effect associated with vaccination was also observed in some vaccinated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Pérez de Val
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici CReSA, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
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Tuberculosis in Goats and Sheep in Afar Pastoral Region of Ethiopia and Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Goat. Vet Med Int 2012; 2012:869146. [PMID: 22852105 PMCID: PMC3407655 DOI: 10.1155/2012/869146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross sectional study was conducted on 2231 small ruminants in four districts of the Afar Pastoral Region of Ethiopia to investigate the epidemiology of tuberculosis in goats and sheep using comparative intradermal tuberculin skin test, postmortem examination, mycobacteriological culture and molecular typing methods. The overall animal prevalence of TB in small ruminants was 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2%-0.7%) at ≥4 mm and 3.8% (95% CI: 3%-4.7%) at cutoff ≥2 mm. The herd prevalence was 20% (95% CI: 12-28%) and 47% (95% CI: 37-56%) at ≥4 mm and ≥2 mm cut-off points, respectively. The overall animal prevalence of Mycobacterium avium complex infection was 2.8% (95% CI: 2.1-3.5%) and 6.8% (95% CI: 5.8-7.9%) at ≥4 mm and ≥2 mm cut-off points, respectively. Mycobacteriological culture and molecular characterization of isolates from tissue lesions of tuberculin reactor goats resulted in isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (SIT149) and non-tuberculosis mycobacteria as causative agents of tuberculosis and tuberculosis-like diseases in goats, respectively. The isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in goat suggests a potential transmission of the causative agent from human and warrants further investigation in the role of small ruminants in epidemiology of human tuberculosis in the region.
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Bezos J, Álvarez J, Romero B, Aranaz A, Juan LD. Tuberculosis in goats: Assessment of current in vivo cell-mediated and antibody-based diagnostic assays. Vet J 2012; 191:161-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mycobacterial Disease in Cats in Great Britain: I. Culture Results, Geographical Distribution and Clinical Presentation of 339 Cases. J Feline Med Surg 2011; 13:934-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated 339 cases of feline mycobacterial disease from cats with cutaneous lesions or masses found at exploratory laparotomy. Tissue samples were submitted to the Veterinary Laboratories Agency for mycobacterial culture over a 4-year period to December 2008. The study assessed which species of culturable mycobacteria were involved, where the cats lived, and their clinical presentation (physical findings, serum biochemistry, radiography, feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus status). Mycobacterium microti was cultured from 19%, Mycobacterium bovis 15%, Mycobacterium avium 7%, non- M avium non-tuberculous mycobacteria 6%, with no growth in 53% of samples. M microti, M bovis and M avium were found in almost mutually exclusive clusters within Great Britain (GB) (ie, M bovis in South-West England/Wales/Welsh Border, M avium in eastern England and M microti south of London and in South-West Scotland). While differences were seen in the clinical presentation and distribution of lesions caused by the different infections, these were not sufficiently different to be diagnostic. Cats commonly presented with single or multiple cutaneous lesions (74%), which were sometimes ulcerated or discharging, located most frequently on the head (54%). Lymph nodes were usually involved (47%); typically the submandibular nodes. Systemic or pulmonary signs were rarely seen (10–16%). When a cat is suspected of having mycobacteriosis, accurate identification of the species involved helps to determine appropriate action. Our findings show that knowing the cat's geographic location can be helpful, while the nature of the clinical presentation is less useful. Most cases of feline mycobacterial disease in GB are cutaneous.
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Bezos J, Álvarez J, Juan LD, Romero B, Rodríguez S, Castellanos E, Saéz-Llorente J, Mateos A, Domínguez L, Aranaz A. Factors influencing the performance of an interferon-γ assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in goats. Vet J 2011; 190:131-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chartier C, Mercier P, Pellet MP, Vialard J. Effect of an inactivated paratuberculosis vaccine on the intradermal testing of goats for tuberculosis. Vet J 2011; 191:360-3. [PMID: 21907601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of an inactivated paratuberculosis vaccine on the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in goats was investigated in a herd with a history of clinical paratuberculosis but which was free of TB. Cohorts of animals in 2006, 2008 and 2009, were vaccinated once at 1 month of age, and 50% of the 2006 cohort served as unvaccinated controls. The goats were aged 8 months, 20 months and 3.5 years old at the time of the survey. All animals were assessed using a single intradermal injection of bovine tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) (SID test), or using both bovine and avian PPD (CID test). An interferon (IFN)-γ assay using both bovine and avian PPD was carried out on the 2006 cohort and was interpreted according to three different 'cut-off' points. No unvaccinated (control) animals tested positive to any of the assays, confirming that the herd was TB-free. The SID test had a low specificity in vaccinated animals at 8 and 20 months of age, whereas the CID test demonstrated 100% specificity in animals ≥20 months-old. The specificity of IFN-γ assay was less than maximal for vaccinated animals 3.5 years old as small numbers of false positives were detected, although this depended on the chosen cut-off point. The study findings demonstrate that the use of an inactivated paratuberculosis vaccine in goats <1 month-old in a TB-free herd does not result in false positives to a CID test for TB when performed in animals ≥20 months-old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Chartier
- ONIRIS, UMR 1300 Bio-agression, Epidémiologie et Analyse de Risque en Santé Animale, 44307 Nantes, France.
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Experimental model of tuberculosis in the domestic goat after endobronchial infection with Mycobacterium caprae. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:1872-81. [PMID: 21880849 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05323-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Caprine tuberculosis (TB) has increased in recent years, highlighting the need to address the problem the infection poses in goats. Moreover, goats may represent a cheaper alternative for testing of prototype vaccines in large ruminants and humans. With this aim, a Mycobacterium caprae infection model has been developed in goats. Eleven 6-month-old goats were infected by the endobronchial route with 1.5 × 10(3) CFU, and two other goats were kept as noninfected controls. The animals were monitored for clinical and immunological parameters throughout the experiment. After 14 weeks, the goats were euthanized, and detailed postmortem analysis of lung lesions was performed by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and direct observation. The respiratory lymph nodes were also evaluated and cultured for bacteriological analysis. All infected animals were positive in a single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) test at 12 weeks postinfection (p.i.). Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) antigen-specific responses were detected from 4 weeks p.i. until the end of the experiment. The humoral response to MPB83 was especially strong at 14 weeks p.i. (13 days after SICCT boost). All infected animals presented severe TB lesions in the lungs and associated lymph nodes. M. caprae was recovered from pulmonary lymph nodes in all inoculated goats. MDCT allowed a precise quantitative measure of TB lesions. Lesions in goats induced by M. caprae appeared to be more severe than those induced in cattle by M. bovis over a similar period of time. The present work proposes a reliable new experimental animal model for a better understanding of caprine tuberculosis and future development of vaccine trials in this and other species.
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Sanchez J, Tomás L, Ortega N, Buendía A, del Rio L, Salinas J, Bezos J, Caro M, Navarro J. Microscopical and Immunological Features of Tuberculoid Granulomata and Cavitary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Naturally Infected Goats. J Comp Pathol 2011; 145:107-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Analysis of the spatial variation of Bovine tuberculosis disease risk in Spain (2006–2009). Prev Vet Med 2011; 100:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bezos J, Alvarez J, de Juan L, Romero B, Rodríguez S, Fernández-de-Mera IG, Hewinson RG, Vordermeier M, Mateos A, Domínguez L, Aranaz A. Assessment of in vivo and in vitro tuberculosis diagnostic tests in Mycobacterium caprae naturally infected caprine flocks. Prev Vet Med 2011; 100:187-92. [PMID: 21546104 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Caprine tuberculosis in Spain is mainly caused by Mycobacterium caprae although the progression of the disease and lesion severity is similar to that caused by Mycobacterium bovis. In this study, the sensitivity of the gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) assay using an antigen cocktail containing early secretory antigenic target-6kDa (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) peptides for stimulation was determined and compared with those obtained in single intradermal tuberculin (SIT) and single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) tests and IFN-γ assay using purified protein derivative (PPD) in three different flocks infected with M. caprae under different epidemiological conditions. Correlation between specific IFN-γ production and severity of lesions was also evaluated. Sensitivities of the diagnostic tests varied greatly in the three flocks studied, with higher values in those where higher lesion scores were observed. The results show that IFN-γ assay applied in goats using PPD or the ESAT-6/CFP-10 peptides cocktail for stimulation yielded similar sensitivity values. A significant yet weak positive correlation between specific IFN-γ production and lesion scores was detected after the stimulation with PPDs (p=0.004) whereas when the blood samples were stimulated with ESAT-6/CFP-10 peptides, the correlation was not significant (p>0.05). Therefore, specific-IFN-γ production after the stimulation with PPDs or ESAT-6/CFP-10 was not an accurate indicator of lesion severity in naturally tuberculosis infected goats with M. caprae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bezos
- Centro VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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