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Wang Z, Ma H, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Youssef L, Carneiro MAS, Chen C, Wang D, Wang D. Effects of Functional Strength Training Combined with Aerobic Training on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Movement Quality in Obese Adolescents. Nutrients 2024; 16:1434. [PMID: 38794672 PMCID: PMC11123798 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training combined with aerobic training (TG) and traditional resistance training combined with aerobic training (CG) on the body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality of obese adolescents. Forty participants were randomly assigned to either the TG group (n = 20) or the CG group (n = 20). Each group underwent training five times per week, lasting 120 min each time, over a total period of 12 weeks. All participants followed a strict dietary program. Anthropometric parameters, body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality were evaluated at baseline and after intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA observed a significant interaction between time and group for body mass (p = 0.043), body fat percentage (p = 0.045), body mass index (p = 0.025), neck circumference (p = 0.01), chest circumference (p = 0.027), left-hand grip strength (p = 0.043), right-hand grip strength (p = 0.048), standing broad jump (p = 0.044), and total Functional Movement Screen score (p = 0.003), and the improvement was greater for TG in comparison to CG. TG was found to be more effective than CG in enhancing body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality in obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Wang
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.W.); (H.M.); (C.C.); (D.W.)
| | - Huihui Ma
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.W.); (H.M.); (C.C.); (D.W.)
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China;
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Layale Youssef
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Marcelo A. S. Carneiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina 86050-070, Paraná, Brazil;
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group (PhyNEr), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.W.); (H.M.); (C.C.); (D.W.)
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.W.); (H.M.); (C.C.); (D.W.)
| | - Dexin Wang
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (Z.W.); (H.M.); (C.C.); (D.W.)
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Chang Z, Ye H, Huang B, Xu J. Physical fitness of Tibetan adolescents at different high altitudes in Tibet, China: A comparative study. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e23975. [PMID: 37555244 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High altitude hypoxic environment has a certain negative impact on physical fitness of adolescents. We aimed to understand the physical fitness status of Tibetan adolescents in different high-altitude areas in Tibet, China. METHODS Physical fitness items, such as grip strength, standing long jump, sit and reach, 50 m dash, 1000 m run for boys, and 800 m run for girls were tested on 3806 Tibetan adolescents by using stratified whole group sampling method in class units. The mean age of the participants was (15.51 ± 1.69) years for Tibetan males and (15.54 ± 1.69) years for females. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and other methods were used to make cross-sectional comparisons of physical fitness performance of Chinese Tibetan adolescents in different high-altitude regions. RESULTS The standing long jump scores of boys (203.37 ± 28.36) were higher than that of girls (152.97 ± 19.46) and the lowest standing long jump scores of adolescents in Shigatse region (166.39 ± 35.04). The highest level of sit and reach was found among boys (10.69 ± 5.34) in Nyingchi and the lowest level of sit and reach was found among girls (8.42 ± 5.84) in Shigatse. Shigatse region adolescents had the lowest performance in 50 m dash (9.09 ± 1.72) while the best performance in 1000 m run (266.23 ± 35.82) and 800 m run (245.40 ± 27.92). CONCLUSION There is variability in the physical fitness of Tibetan adolescents in different high-altitude regions of Tibet, China. Targeted physical fitness interventions should be carried out for Tibetan adolescents in different high-altitude regions. The focus should be on improving the endurance quality of Tibetan adolescents in Lhasa and the lower limb muscle strength, flexibility, and speed quality of adolescents in Shigatse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Chang
- School of Physical Education & Health, Nanchang Institute of Science & Technology, Jiangxi Nanchang, China
| | - Huimin Ye
- School of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, Jiangxi Shangrao, China
| | - Bo Huang
- School of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, Jiangxi Shangrao, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, Jiangxi Shangrao, China
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Wang C, Tian Z, Hu Y, Luo Q. Physical activity interventions for cardiopulmonary fitness in obese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:558. [PMID: 37932667 PMCID: PMC10626758 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study [PROSPERO CRD42023416272] systematically analysed the effects of a physical activity intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness in obese children and adolescents and elucidated the factors that influenced those effects. METHODS A systematic review of the literature on physical activity interventions for improving cardiopulmonary fitness in obese children and adolescents from January 1, 2011, to March 1, 2023, was conducted. The search was performed on the Web of Science and PubMed databases, and the selected literature was first screened and then assessed for quality. Finally, a systematic review was conducted. RESULTS Out of the initially identified 1424 search records, 28 studies were eventually included in the systematic review. These studies encompassed a total of 2724 participants aged 5 to 18 years, with the publication dates of the literature primarily ranging from 2011 to 2023. Physical activity was found to effectively improve the following parameters in obese children and adolescents: weight [mean difference (MD), -2.03 (95% confidence interval, -2.59 to -1.47), p < 0.00001], maximal oxygen consumption [MD, -1.95 (95% CI, -1.06 to -2.84), p < 0.0001], heart rate [MD, -2.77 (95% CI, -4.88 to -0.67), p = 0.010], systolic blood pressure [MD, -8.11 (95% CI, -11.41 to -4.81), p < 0.00001], and diastolic blood pressure [MD, -4.18 (95% CI, -5.32 to -3.03), p < 0.00001]. High-intensity exercise was found to yield greater improvements than low- to moderate-intensity exercise in maximal oxygen consumption [MD, 1.43 (95% CI, 0.04 to 2.82), p = 0.04] and diastolic blood pressure [MD, -6.94 (95% CI, -10.61 to -3.26), p = 0.0002] in obese children and adolescents. CONCLUSION Physical activity can effectively improve the body weight, maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure of obese children and adolescents. The type of physical activity directly influences the participation interest of obese children and adolescents, with moderate- to high-intensity physical activity showing the most significant impact on intervention outcomes. High-frequency, long-term interventions yield better results than short-term interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
| | - Zuguo Tian
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China.
| | - Yuting Hu
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
| | - Qiaoyou Luo
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410000, China
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Cesar DJ, Oliveira ALPD, Silva AFPVD, Biazi BL, Santos VB, Silva RPM, Lopes JDL. Effect of a Supervised Exercise Program on Overweight and Obese Adolescents in the School Environment: A Pretest-Posttest Design. West J Nurs Res 2023; 45:868-877. [PMID: 37596949 DOI: 10.1177/01939459231187519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
This study is taken up to evaluate the effect of an exercise program on adolescents' obesity and overweight profile. For this purpose, a 1-group pretest-posttest study was conducted with 72 adolescents who underwent a physical activity program supervised by one health professional 5 times a week; the sessions were distributed over 12 weeks and lasted from 50 to 60 minutes. The primary outcomes were anthropometric measurements, whereas the secondary outcomes were lipid profile, blood glucose, and blood pressure. Outcomes were assessed before the intervention and 1 day after the program ended; significance was established at P < .05. As a result, a significant improvement was verified in all the primary outcomes (P< .001) and in most secondary outcomes (capillary blood glucose, P = .0001; triglycerides, P = .0001; and systolic blood pressure, P = .005). In conclusion, the supervised exercise program significantly reduced anthropometric measurements and blood glucose, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure levels.
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Wu J, Yang Y, Yu H, Li L, Chen Y, Sun Y. Comparative effectiveness of school-based exercise interventions on physical fitness in children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1194779. [PMID: 37342273 PMCID: PMC10278967 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1194779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schools provide a favorable setting for health education, however, the most effective school-based exercise mode for improving physical fitness remains unclear. This network meta-analysis was designed to assess and rank the comparative efficacy of six exercise modalities on physical fitness indicators in a school-based setting. Methods An online search of the Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus databases was conducted. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials were considered. Outcomes included measures of anthropometry and body composition, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Data were pooled with a random effects model using the frequentist framework. Results A total of 66 studies with 8,578 participants (48% girls) were included. High-intensity interval training was the most effective intervention reducing body mass index (mean difference (MD) = -0.60 kg·m-2, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = -1.04 to -0.15, p = 0.009), elevating VO2max (MD = 3.59 mL·kg-1·min-1, 95% CI = 2.45 to 4.74, p < 0.001), and 20-meter sprint performance (MD = -0.35 s, 95% CI = -0.55 to -0.14, p = 0.001). Aerobic training had the highest probability of reducing waist circumference (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.60, 95% CI = -0.88 to -0.32, p < 0.001). Active video games emerged as a promising modality for improving countermovement jump (MD = 2.43 cm, 95% CI = 0.06 to 4.80, p = 0.041) and shuttle running performance (SMD = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.29 to 1.43, p = 0.003). Strength training was the best exercise mode for improving standing long jump performance (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.98, p = 0.035) while combined training was rated the first for decreasing body fat percent (MD = -2.56%, 95% CI = -4.73 to -0.40, p = 0.022) and increasing push-up repetitions (SMD = 3.59, 95% CI = 0.81 to 6.37, p = 0.012). Conclusion School-based exercise interventions have multiple effects on physical fitness. The findings of this study will help to inform physical education teachers and coaches how best to deliver exercise programs in a school setting. Since the study was limited by the original research, the conclusions will require further verification using high-quality randomized controlled trials. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO, Identifier: CRD42023401963.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huasen Yu
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanying Chen
- Business School, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Youping Sun
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Calcaterra V, Vandoni M, Marin L, Carnevale Pellino V, Rossi V, Gatti A, Patanè P, Cavallo C, Re F, Albanese I, Silvestri D, De Nunzio A, Zuccotti G. Exergames to Limit Weight Gain and to Fight Sedentarism in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:928. [PMID: 37371160 DOI: 10.3390/children10060928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Exergames are defined as digital games that require bodily movements to play, stimulating an active gaming experience to function as a form of physical activity (PA). The players interact with the game through whole-body movements improving energy expenditure. Exergames may be effective in improving physical and psychological aspects of children and adolescents with obesity. In this narrative review, we synthesized the current evidence regarding the role of exergames in modifying body composition and weight and in promoting changes in sedentary behavior to define the benefits of active video games as useful tools for fighting sedentarism and to outline the future directions of exergaming as a supplementation exercise rather than a replacement in educational programs for pediatric obesity. Data from the literature indicate that exergames may offer an interesting impact on childhood obesity and may be considered a potential strategy for controlling weight gain and body composition, promote PA, and decrease time spent on sedentary behavior in children and adolescents with obesity. However, exergame use also has some limits, such as children's poor self-regulation and poor structuring of exergame use. Therefore, a prudent approach should be maintained, and additional high-quality research is needed to determine if exergames can be effectively used in the treatment of childhood obesity and if new digital media, as a supplementation of exercise rather than a replacement, could be considered to combat sedentary behavior in educational programs for pediatric obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Marin
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation, Medicine and Sport (LARMS), 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gatti
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pamela Patanè
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation, Medicine and Sport (LARMS), 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Cavallo
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Research and Development, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Avenue du Parc des Sports, 50, 4671 Differdange, Luxembourg
| | - Fabio Re
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation, Medicine and Sport (LARMS), 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Albanese
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation, Medicine and Sport (LARMS), 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Silvestri
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta
| | - Alessandro De Nunzio
- Department of Research and Development, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Avenue du Parc des Sports, 50, 4671 Differdange, Luxembourg
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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7
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Batrakoulis A, Jamurtas AZ, Tsimeas P, Poulios A, Perivoliotis K, Syrou N, Papanikolaou K, Draganidis D, Deli CK, Metsios GS, Angelopoulos TJ, Feito Y, Fatouros IG. Hybrid-type, multicomponent interval training upregulates musculoskeletal fitness of adults with overweight and obesity in a volume-dependent manner: A 1-year dose-response randomised controlled trial. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:432-443. [PMID: 34974824 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.2025434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the dose-response effects of a 1-year hybrid-type, multicomponent interval training programme (DoIT) on various musculoskeletal fitness parameters in inactive overweight and obese adults in a gym setting. Ninety-seven middle-aged (44.8 ± 5.2 years) individuals with overweight/obesity (31.2 ± 5.7 kg/m2) (66% female) were randomly assigned to the following groups: (i) no-intervention control (CON, n = 29), (ii) DoIT performed once weekly (DoIT-1, n = 24), (iii) DoIT performed twice weekly (DoIT-2, n = 23) and (iv) DoIT performed thrice weekly (DoIT-3, n = 21). DoIT was a time-efficient, intermittent-based, multicomponent exercise protocol using progressive loaded fundamental movement patterns with prescribed work-to-rest intervals (1:3-2:1) in a circuit format (2-3 rounds). Muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, passive range of motion (PRoM), static balance and functional movement screen (FMS®) were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months following intervention. At post-training, all exercise groups exhibited superior changes than CON in (i) muscular strength (+13%-38%, p < 0.001); (ii) muscular endurance (+42%-159%, p < 0.001); (iii) flexibility (+12%-42%, p < 0.001); (iv) PRoM (+6%-50%, p = 0.001-0.026); (v) static balance (+61%-163%, p < 0.001); and (vi) FMS (+18%-39%, p < 0.001). Although a single exercise session/week improved musculoskeletal fitness, changes demonstrated a step-wise improvement with two and three sessions/week suggesting a dose-dependent response. The response rate to training was 100% for all exercise groups. These findings suggest that a multicomponent exercise approach incorporating bodyweight drills and resistance-based alternative modes performed under real-world conditions may improve several musculoskeletal fitness indicators in a dose-dependent manner in inactive, middle-aged adults with overweight/obesity.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03759951.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Batrakoulis
- University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Trikala, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsimeas
- University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Niki Syrou
- University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Trikala, Greece
| | - Charikleia K Deli
- University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Trikala, Greece
| | - Georgios S Metsios
- University of Thessaly, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Trikala, Greece
| | - Theodore J Angelopoulos
- University of Vermont, Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Yuri Feito
- American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Trikala, Greece
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París-Pineda OM, Alvarez-Rey NE, Cárdenas-Sandoval LK. [Structure of a physical exercise program directed at schoolchildren]. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2023; 22:95-103. [PMID: 36753147 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v22n1.84216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a thematic review of physical exercise programs for children in the global context. METHODS The search for information was carried out in databases Redalyc, Scielo, Elsevier, Pubmed, Scopus, using descriptors in health such as motor activity, children, adolescents, warm-up exercise, muscle stretching exercises and cooling exercise. Full-length articles in Spanish and English were selected and published between 2008 and 2019. In addition, pages were consulted from organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia, the Administrative Department of Sports, recreation, physical activity and the use of free time, among others. The information was organized in an Excel database according to the year of publication, title, authors, methodology, phases and dimensions of the program. RESULTS The information was analyzed and the structure of the activity program for schoolchildren was designed, taking into account the recommendations of the WHO and the legislation in force in Colombia. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of physical exercise programs from childhood and adolescence, promote healthy habits that positively impact health by decreasing risk factors of chronic non transmissible diseases. Their structure includes methodological characteristics such as duration, frequency, intensity, type of exercise and the warm-up, stretching, active or central phase, and cooling down or returning to calm phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M París-Pineda
- OP: Fisioterapeuta. Esp. Planeación, Desarrollo y Administración de la Investigación. Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Grupo de Investigación en Biomecánica Comunidad y Neurodesarrollo ENTROPIA. Cúcuta, Colombia.
| | - Nohora E Alvarez-Rey
- NA: Fisioterapeuta. Esp. Gerencia Y Auditoría de la Calidad de la Atención en Salud. Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación en Biomecánica Comunidad y Neurodesarrollo ENTROPIA. Cúcuta, Colombia.
| | - Lisette K Cárdenas-Sandoval
- LC: Fisioterapeuta. Esp. Administración de la Salud. Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Grupo de Investigación en Biomecánica Comunidad y Neurodesarrollo ENTROPIA. Cúcuta, Colombia.
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Suresh C, Govindasamy K, KS S, Anand M, Kaur D, Anitha JB, Aloui A, Boughanmi H, Achouri I. Role of aerobics exercise and kettlebell training improving on selected health related physical fitness parameters in obese male adults. HEALTH, SPORT, REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.34142/hsr.2022.08.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Aerobics exercise training and kettlebell training is recommended to prevent and control overweight/obesity.
Purpose: The aim of the this research is to assess the improvement in various variables related to health fitness among obese adults on administrating a twelve weeks aerobics exercise training and kettlebell training.
Materials and Methods: Total sixty male adults with obese (Mean ± SD; age: 18.92 ± 1.54 yrs.; height: 172.4 ± 5.4 cm.; weight: 84.4 ± 6.3 kg) were randomly allocated into three equal (n = 20) groups: Aerobic Exercise Training (AET), Kettlebell Training (KBT) and a control group. The AET & KBT training protocol was performed three days per week for 12 weeks. All the selected variables of physical fitness has been examined at baseline and 12 weeks. Control group does not perform any exercise.
Analysis and findings: There were significant difference in terms of Flexibility (F), Muscular Endurance (ME), Muscular Strength (MS) and Cardiovascular Endurance (CE), between the AETG & KBTG have been compared with control group (p < 0.05). Body Composition (BF) significant reductions in AET & KBT groups have been compared with control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that AET & KBT protocols have greater effects than control group on health related physical fitness variables in obese male adult individuals. It is recommended that schools and colleges should administrate the aerobic exercise session and kettlebell training among adults for better health perspectives.
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School-Based Comprehensive Strength Training Interventions to Improve Muscular Fitness and Perceived Physical Competence in Chinese Male Adolescents. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7464815. [PMID: 36105938 PMCID: PMC9467732 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7464815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. This research was to see how effective and feasible school-based comprehensive strength training programs are in improving muscular fitness and perceived physical competence in Chinese male adolescents. Methods. A total of 123 participants (
years) were randomized to comprehensive strength training intervention group (CST) (
) and the control group (CON) (
). The training sessions were performed three times a week for ten weeks in CST. Muscular fitness (i.e., muscular strength, power, and muscular endurance) and perceived physical competence were assessed at initial testing and final testing. Results.The subjects in the CST significantly improved their mean performance in standing long jump (
), vertical jump (
), 1 min push-ups (
), 1 min sit-ups (
), handgrip strength (
), and perceived physical competence (
) after the intervention. Moreover, the CST were greater in standing long jump (
), vertical jump (
), 1 min sit-ups (
), handgrip strength (
), and perceived physical competence (
) compared to the CON, but no in 1 min push-ups (
). Conclusions. The comprehensive strength training interventions designed in this study can significantly increase male adolescents’ muscular fitness, especially in the lower extremity muscle power and abdominal core endurance, and can enhance their perceived physical competence.
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11
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Ribeiro B, Forte P, Vinhas R, Marinho DA, Faíl LB, Pereira A, Vieira F, Neiva HP. The Benefits of Resistance Training in Obese Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:109. [PMID: 36057914 PMCID: PMC9441407 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is essential in acquiring healthy lifestyle behaviors in the early years of maturational development and preventing various diseases. Resistance training (RT) is fundamental for improving body composition and is increasingly recommended for obese adolescents. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to synthesize and analyze data on the effects of RT programs in this population, seeking to develop useful recommendations for health and sports professionals. METHODS A search was performed using four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect). According to specific inclusion criteria, twenty-one studies were selected to evaluate the impact of RT on body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference, muscle strength, insulin sensitivity, lean mass and cardiorespiratory fitness. RESULTS After the RT programs, the adolescents improved their muscle strength (SMD, 1.44; 95% CI: 0.76-2.12), cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD, 1.09; 95% CI: 0.15-2.04), BMI (SMD, 0.21; 95% CI: 0.07-0.35), waist circumference (SMD, 0.27; 95% CI: 0.06-0.47) and body fat (SMD, 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.34). However, insulin sensitivity (SMD, 0.32; 95% CI: - 0.47 to 1.10) and lean mass (SMD, 0.12; 95% CI: - 0.06 to 0.31) did not reveal any changes. Different RT programs were used but it seems that 2-3 times/week ∼60 min/session of RT for 12 weeks should be recommended for positive changes. CONCLUSIONS RT seems to be effective when the objective is to improve muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and can be an efficient strategy to reduce obesity in adolescents by reducing body fat, waist circumference and body mass index. PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42022333411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ribeiro
- grid.7427.60000 0001 2220 7094Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Convento de Santo António, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Forte
- grid.513237.1Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-151 Covilhã, Portugal ,grid.34822.3f0000 0000 9851 275XInstituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal ,Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Raquel Vinhas
- grid.10772.330000000121511713NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel A. Marinho
- grid.7427.60000 0001 2220 7094Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Convento de Santo António, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal ,Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Luís B. Faíl
- grid.7427.60000 0001 2220 7094Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Convento de Santo António, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal ,grid.513237.1Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-151 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- grid.421114.30000 0001 2230 1638Department of Science and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Fernando Vieira
- KinesioLab – Research Unit in Human Movement, Piaget Institute, Lisbon, Portugal ,RECI – Research Unit in Education and Community Intervention, Piaget Institute, Lisbon, Portugal ,ISEIT de Almada, Piaget Instituto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henrique P. Neiva
- grid.7427.60000 0001 2220 7094Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Convento de Santo António, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal ,Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
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12
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Bouamra M, Zouhal H, Ratel S, Makhlouf I, Bezrati I, Chtara M, Behm DG, Granacher U, Chaouachi A. Concurrent Training Promotes Greater Gains on Body Composition and Components of Physical Fitness Than Single-Mode Training (Endurance or Resistance) in Youth With Obesity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:869063. [PMID: 35669575 PMCID: PMC9164296 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.869063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in the pediatric population has become a major public health issue. Indeed, the dramatic increase of this epidemic causes multiple and harmful consequences, Physical activity, particularly physical exercise, remains to be the cornerstone of interventions against childhood obesity. Given the conflicting findings with reference to the relevant literature addressing the effects of exercise on adiposity and physical fitness outcomes in obese children and adolescents, the effect of duration-matched concurrent training (CT) [50% resistance (RT) and 50% high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT)] on body composition and physical fitness in obese youth remains to be elucidated. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 9-weeks of CT compared to RT or HIIT alone, on body composition and selected physical fitness components in healthy sedentary obese youth. Out of 73 participants, only 37; [14 males and 23 females; age 13.4 ± 0.9 years; body-mass-index (BMI): 31.2 ± 4.8 kg·m-2] were eligible and randomized into three groups: HIIT (n = 12): 3-4 sets×12 runs at 80–110% peak velocity, with 10-s passive recovery between bouts; RT (n = 12): 6 exercises; 3–4 sets × 10 repetition maximum (RM) and CT (n = 13): 50% serial completion of RT and HIIT. CT promoted significant greater gains compared to HIIT and RT on body composition (p < 0.01, d = large), 6-min-walking test distance (6 MWT-distance) and on 6 MWT-VO2max (p < 0.03, d = large). In addition, CT showed substantially greater improvements than HIIT in the medicine ball throw test (20.2 vs. 13.6%, p < 0.04, d = large). On the other hand, RT exhibited significantly greater gains in relative hand grip strength (p < 0.03, d = large) and CMJ (p < 0.01, d = large) than HIIT and CT. CT promoted greater benefits for fat, body mass loss and cardiorespiratory fitness than HIIT or RT modalities. This study provides important information for practitioners and therapists on the application of effective exercise regimes with obese youth to induce significant and beneficial body composition changes. The applied CT program and the respective programming parameters in terms of exercise intensity and volume can be used by practitioners as an effective exercise treatment to fight the pandemic overweight and obesity in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Bouamra
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) EA 1274, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, France
- *Correspondence: Urs Granacher, ; Hassane Zouhal,
| | - Sébastien Ratel
- AME2P, EA 3533, Clermont-Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Issam Makhlouf
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Bezrati
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mokhtar Chtara
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - David G. Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Urs Granacher, ; Hassane Zouhal,
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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González-Ruíz K, Correa-Bautista JE, Izquierdo M, García-Hermoso A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Lobelo F, González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-RioValle J, Correa-Rodríguez M, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Palomino-Echeverría S, Santamaría E, Ramírez-Vélez R. Exercise dose on hepatic fat and cardiovascular health in adolescents with excess of adiposity. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12869. [PMID: 34734674 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The HEPAFIT study was aimed at examining the impact of a 6-month physical education intervention, considering various levels of exercise intensity, on hepatic fat and cardiometabolic health outcomes in adolescents with excess adiposity. METHODS Adolescents (n = 120), 11-17 years with excess adiposity by body fat >30%, were randomly assigned to one of the following 4 groups for 6 months: (1) standard physical education lessons, control (CTRL); (2) high-intensity physical education (HIPE); (3) low-to-moderate intensity physical education (LIPE) and (4) combined HIPE and LIPE (PLUS). The primary outcome was hepatic fat content measured by vibration-controlled transient elastography (controlled attenuation parameter [CAP]). Secondary outcomes were traditional cardiovascular health markers (body composition, serum lipids, aminotransferases and health-related physical fitness components). RESULTS Adjusted mixed effects linear models revealed a significant decrease in CAP levels in HIPE (-20.02 dB/m, p < 0.0001) (p = 0.001 vs. CTRL group) and PLUS (-16.25 dB/m, p = 0.005) groups. Body fat decreased in the HIPE (-2.88%, p < 0.001) (p = 0.001 vs. CTRL group) and LIPE (-1.26%, p = 0.022) groups. The physical fitness components were increased in the HIPE and PLUS group relative to the baseline (p < 0.05), and the HIPE group showed a reduction in the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a 6-month physical education exercise program, particularly high-intensity or combined high and low-intensity, improves hepatic fat storage and significantly reduces cardiometabolic markers in adolescents with excess of adiposity. Interventions involving supervised physical exercise may help to improve metabolism and fat deposition at the hepatic level, thus preventing the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine González-Ruíz
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Movimiento. Programa de Fisioterapia. Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas y Biológicas, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud - Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Grupo Rendimiento Físico Militar "RENFIMIL", Escuela Militar de Cadetes "General José María Córdova", Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Felipe Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Exercise is Medicine Global Research and Collaboration Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - María Correa-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Proteored-Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Palomino-Echeverría
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit (TransBio), Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteored-Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Mendonça FR, Ferreira de Faria W, Marcio da Silva J, Massuto RB, Castilho Dos Santos G, Correa RC, Ferreira Dos Santos C, Sasaki JE, Neto AS. Effects of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on health-related physical fitness in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:182-189. [PMID: 35401769 PMCID: PMC8958256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background /Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of two combined training methods on health-related physical fitness components in adolescents. Methods Seventy-six adolescents (16.1 ± 1.1 years, n = 44 female) were randomized into groups of moderate-intensity continuous training combined with resistance training (MICT + RT), high-intensity interval training combined with resistance training (HIIT + RT), or Control. The training sessions were performed twice weekly for 12 weeks. The health-related physical fitness components evaluated were: body composition, muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness. Results The intervention groups had a significant reduction in body fat percentage and improvement in abdominal repetitions and VO2peak after 12 weeks of combined exercise program (p < 0.001). Intervention effects were found to significantly reduce body fat percentage for the MICT + RT and HIIT + RT groups compared to the control group (mean difference: −3.8; 95% CI: −6.2; −1 0.3; mean difference: −4.7; 95%CI: −7.1; −2.3, respectively). For muscle fitness, significant effects of the intervention were found in increasing the number of abdominal repetitions favoring the MICT + RT group compared to the control group (mean difference: 9.5; 95% CI: 4.4; 14.7) and HIIT + RT compared to the control group (mean difference: 14.1; 95% CI 9; 19.3). For cardiorespiratory fitness, significant effects of the intervention on improving VO2peak were found in the experimental groups (MICT + RT vs Control group: mean difference: 4.4; 95% CI: 2.2; 6.6; and HIIT + RT vs. Control group: mean difference: 5.5, 95% CI: 3.3; 7.7). Conclusion The results suggest that 12 weeks of training using MCIT + RT or HIIT + RT showed a similar effect for health-related physical fitness components in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Renan Camargo Correa
- State University of Londrina, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Jeffer Eidi Sasaki
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Antonio Stabelini Neto
- State University of Londrina, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,State University Northern of Parana, Health Science Center, Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil
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15
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Ahmed A, Cote A, Lui S, Blydt-Hansen TD. Height-adjusted lean body mass and its associations with physical activity and kidney function in pediatric kidney transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14128. [PMID: 34486205 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although LBM is positively associated with health outcomes, studies assessing determinants for the accrual of ht-LBM, such as physical activity, are limited. This study aimed to assess ht-LBM levels in pediatric kidney transplant recipients and test its association with baseline and contemporaneous variables, including physical activity. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional review was performed on 46 pediatric kidney transplant recipients, and a longitudinal review was performed on a subset of recipients with serial post-transplant (n = 21) and pre/post-transplant (n = 11) ht-LBM measurements. Ht-LBM measurements were obtained using DXA scans. RESULTS This cohort was 16.0 (IQR 12.3, 17.7) years old, 56.5% male and 46 ± 45 months post-transplant with a mean ht-LBM of 15.1 ± 2.5 kg/m2 . A median ht-LBM increase of 1.6 kg/m2 (IQR - 0.1, 2.6 kg/m2 ; p < .01) was observed, over 29.2 ± 12.0 months from the earliest post-transplant scan obtained at 46 ± 25 months post-transplant until the most recent post-transplant scan. A 1.7 ± 1.4 kg/m2 (p < .01) increase was observed between pre- and post-transplant DXA scans which were taken at 12 ± 11 months pre-transplant and 13 ± 6 months post-transplant, respectively. In separate adjusted models, lower physical activity questionnaire scores (n = 17, beta = 1.55, p = .02), faster rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline (beta = 0.05, p < .048) adjusted for annualized change in BSA, and younger age at scan (beta = 0.32, p < .01) were each significant predictors of lower ht-LBM. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity and kidney function may influence ht-LBM in the pediatric kidney transplant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Ahmed
- Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anita Cote
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Human Kinetics, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada
| | - Samantha Lui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tom D Blydt-Hansen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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16
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The Relationship between Body Composition and Physical Fitness and the Effect of Exercise According to the Level of Childhood Obesity Using the MGPA Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010487. [PMID: 35010747 PMCID: PMC8744593 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity can lead to adulthood obesity with adverse effects. Since body composition and physical fitness differ depending on the obesity degree, a systemic analysis could help classify that degree. We used three study designs based on the obesity degree (body mass index [BMI] as a reference) for our objectives. First, we identified the relationship between body composition and physical fitness. Second, we determined the effects of exercise on body composition and physical fitness. Third, we performed a path analysis of the impact of exercise on body composition and physical fitness, and verified those effects among the groups. In study 1, 164 10-year-old subjects were divided into four groups: 33 in the normal weight (NO), 34 in overweight (OV), 54 in obesity (OB), and 43 in the severe obesity (SOB) group. In study 2, 101 participants from study 1 who wished to participate in the exercise program were divided into four groups (same criteria). The exercise program (three times a week for 60 min, for 16 weeks) consisted of sports and reinforcement exercises of increasing intensity. Body composition was measured by body weight, percentage of body fat (%BF), muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and body mass index (BMI). In contrast, physical fitness was measured by muscular strength, flexibility, muscular endurance, agility, and balance. As a result, all body composition variables were higher in the SOB group than in the other groups. Physical fitness, muscular strength and balance, and agility were highest in the SOB, NO, and OV groups, respectively. Pearson’s correlation revealed that muscular strength was associated with height and body weight across all groups. Agility showed a negative correlation with %BF in the NO, OB, and SOB groups. SMM was positively correlated in the OB and SOB groups. After the exercise intervention, BMI and the %BF of the SOB group were significantly reduced (p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively), while SMM presented a significant increase (p < 0.001). Height also showed a significant increase in all groups (p < 0.001). Among physical fitness variables, muscular strength, flexibility, muscular endurance, and balance showed a significant increase in all groups, while a significant increase in power was observed in only the OB and SOB groups. As for the effects of the body composition on physical fitness after exercise intervention, the greatest impact was observed for balance, muscular strength and agility, and muscular endurance in NO, OV, and OB groups, respectively. In conclusion, the body composition, physical fitness relationship, and the effects of exercise intervention on them differed depending on the obesity degree. Furthermore, the results varied according to the obesity degree. Thus, our study highlights the importance of creating particular exercise programs for the effective prevention and treatment of childhood obesity considering the obesity degree.
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17
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Comparison of two methods of cardiopulmonary exercise testing for assessing physical fitness in children and adolescents with extreme obesity. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:2389-2397. [PMID: 35277735 PMCID: PMC9110468 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that children and adolescents with obesity have increased over recent decades which in turn carries greater risk of co-morbidities and poses a preventive as well as a therapeutic challenge. Currently, there are limited recommendations available on proven methods for recording physical fitness in children and adolescents presenting with extreme obesity. In this study, twenty participants, aged 12-17 years, with a body mass index (BMI) above the 99.5th percentile, were comparatively assessed, using a correlation between their physical fitness on a bicycle (BC) and treadmill (TM) cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with a lactate diagnostic. The results of the BC and the TM were as follows: maximum heart rate (HRmax) 186.4 ± 8.6 beats per minute (bpm) vs. 190.8 ± 8.8 bpm, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak/kg) 23.5 ± 2.9 ml/min/kg vs. 25.4 ± 3.1 ml/min/kg, and maximum lactate (Lamax) 6.4 ± 1.6 mmol/l vs. 5.6 ± 1.4 mmol/l. The values of HRmax and VO2peak/kg were significantly higher for adolescents tested on the TM. However, no significant difference was observed in either Lamax values or between the genders. Conclusions: The higher values of HRmax and VO2peak/kg could be attributed to the activation of a higher percentage of muscle mass on the TM. Lower Lamax values on the TM suggest maximum physical exertion was not achieved. This could be due to the extreme body weight carried by the participants. Both the BC and the TM CPET could be used for assessing physical fitness in children and adolescents with extreme obesity but should not be used interchangeably. What is Known: • Currently, there are only limited recommendations available on proven methods for recording physical fitness in children and adolescents with extreme obesity available. What is New: • Cardiopulmonary exercise testing with maximum physical exertion has been shown to be feasible in children and adolescents with extreme obesity. The results obtained from this study demonstrated that both a bicycle and a treadmill can be effectively used for assessing the physical fitness levels in children and adolescents with extreme obesity.
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18
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Suarez-Villadat B, Villagra A, Veiga OL, Cabanas-Sanchez V, Izquierdo-Gomez R. Prospective Associations of Physical Activity and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Adolescents with Down Syndrome: The UP&DOWN Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115521. [PMID: 34063942 PMCID: PMC8196597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Numerous studies have focused on examining the association between PA levels and health-related physical fitness components in children or adolescents without disabilities. However, research on the association between PA and health-related physical fitness in adolescents with DS (Down syndrome) is limited, and most of the previous studies have been developed with a cross-sectional perspective. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the prospective association of accelerometer-based PA at baseline with health-related physical fitness at a 2-year follow-up in a relatively large sample of adolescents with DS from the UP&DOWN study. (2) Methods: A total of 92 adolescents with DS (58 males) between 11 and 20 years old with full data were eligible from an initial sample of 110 participants. Fitness was assessed by the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for youth, and physical activity was assessed by Actigraph accelerometers. (3) Results: The high tertile of total PA was related to decreased motor (Beta [95% CI] = −1.46 [−2.88; −0.05]) and cardiorespiratory fitness (Beta [95% CI] = −2.22 [−4.42; 0.02]) in adolescents with DS. (4) Conclusions: In adolescents with DS, (i) PA level was not prospectively associated with muscular fitness and (ii) high levels of total PA at the baseline were inversely associated with motor and cardiorespiratory fitness at the 2-year follow-up. For comparative purposes, these relationships were also examined in a subsample of adolescents without DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Suarez-Villadat
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-660-452-712
| | - Ariel Villagra
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.V.); (O.L.V.)
| | - Oscar L. Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.V.); (O.L.V.)
| | | | - Rocio Izquierdo-Gomez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui, Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
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Cox A, Fairclough SJ, Noonan RJ. "It's Just Not Something We Do at School". Adolescent Boys' Understanding, Perceptions, and Experiences of Muscular Fitness Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4923. [PMID: 34063097 PMCID: PMC8125655 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND English youth typically do not sufficiently engage in the types and intensities of physical activity that develop muscular fitness. The aim of this study was to use a combination of qualitative techniques to explore adolescent boys' understanding, perceptions, and experiences of physical activity and the role muscular fitness plays within boys' physically active lifestyles. METHODS Focus group interviews with a write, draw, show, and tell activity were conducted with 32 adolescent boys aged 14-16 years from 3 secondary schools. Three separate sources of data (frequency counts, verbatim transcripts, and visual data) were generated and were pooled together and triangulated. Data were analysed deductively, first using the Youth Physical Activity Promotion model as a thematic framework, and then inductively. RESULTS Physical activity was frequently associated with organised sport, and most boys were unaware of current UK physical activity guidelines. Co-participation was frequently reported as a reinforcing factor to physical activity. CONCLUSIONS There was a perceived lack of opportunity to participate in muscular fitness activities, particularly in school, and knowledge of how to conduct muscular fitness activities was limited. The contribution of physical education was highlighted as being key to facilitating exposure to muscular fitness activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Cox
- Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39, UK;
| | - Stuart J. Fairclough
- Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39, UK;
| | - Robert J. Noonan
- Appetite and Obesity Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L1, UK;
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20
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Pérez-Castilla A, Jukic I, Haff GG, García-Ramos A. The Bench Press Grip Width Does Not Affect the Number of Repetitions Performed at Different Velocity Loss Thresholds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1057. [PMID: 33504038 PMCID: PMC7908121 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed (I) to compare the number of repetitions that can be completed to failure (XRM) and before reaching a 15%, 30%, or 45% velocity loss threshold (XVLT) in the bench press exercise performed using different grip widths, and (II) to examine the inter-individual variability in the percentage of completed repetitions with respect to the XRM when the set volume is prescribed based on a fixed number of repetitions (FNR) and several velocity loss thresholds (VLT). Nineteen men performed four separate sessions in a random order where there was a single set of repetitions completed to failure against 75% of the one-repetition maximum during the Smith machine bench press exercise using a narrow, medium, wide, or self-selected grip widths. The XRM (p = 0.545) and XVLTs (p ≥ 0.682) were not significantly affected by grip width. A high and comparable inter-individual variability in the percentage of completed repetitions with respect to the XRM was observed when using both an FNR (median CV = 24.3%) and VLTs (median CV = 23.5%). These results indicate that Smith machine bench press training volume is not influenced by the grip width and that VLTs do not allow a more homogeneous prescription of the set volume with respect to the XRM than the traditional FNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pérez-Castilla
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain;
| | - Ivan Jukic
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - G. Gregory Haff
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6065, Australia;
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 2850, Chile
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21
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Calleja M, Caetano Feitoza N, Falk B, Klentrou P, Ward WE, Sullivan PJ, Josse AR. Increased dairy product consumption as part of a diet and exercise weight management program improves body composition in adolescent females with overweight and obesity-A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12690. [PMID: 32602233 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise can improve body composition in adolescents and adults with overweight/obesity. Consumption of dairy foods, as part of a healthy lifestyle program, can also promote favourable body composition changes in adults with overweight/obesity. However, the few studies examining these combined effects on body composition in adolescents are inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To determine whether increased dairy product consumption, as part of a lifestyle modification program featuring exercise training and dietary guidance promotes favourable body composition changes in adolescent females with overweight/obesity. METHODS Fifty-four participants (age: 14.8 ± 2.2y; BMI percentile: 95th ± 6) assigned to three groups completed the study. There were two experimental groups: recommended dairy (RDa; n = 24) and low dairy (LDa; n = 22), and a no-intervention control group (Con; n = 8). RDa and LDa participated in a 12-week, eucaloric, lifestyle modification intervention consisting of mixed-mode exercise (3x/week), and nutritional counselling. RDa was provided 4 servings/day of dairy foods, while LDa and Con maintained habitually low intakes (0-2 servings/day). Body weight/composition, waist/hip circumference, cardiovascular fitness and food intake were assessed at weeks 0 and 12. RESULTS Weight did not significantly change in any group. RDa significantly decreased fat mass (FM) and increased lean mass (LM) more than LDa and Con (FM: -1.3 ± 2.1 kg, -1.1 ± 2.0 kg, 0.8 ± 1.8 kg; LM: 1.5 ± 1.9 kg, 0.7 ± 1.6 kg, 0.5 ± 1.4 kg, respectively). LDa also significantly decreased FM and increased LM more than Con (P < .005; all interactions). CONCLUSION The inclusion of dairy foods in the diet of adolescent females with overweight/obesity, as part of a diet and exercise intervention, favourably improves body composition in the absence of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Calleja
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Natalie Caetano Feitoza
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Bareket Falk
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Philip J Sullivan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Andrea R Josse
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada
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22
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García-Hermoso A, Izquierdo M, Alonso-Martínez AM, Faigenbaum A, Olloquequi J, Ramírez-Vélez R. Association between Exercise-Induced Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity among Overweight and Obese Youth: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7090147. [PMID: 32967205 PMCID: PMC7552631 DOI: 10.3390/children7090147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the minimum change in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) required to reduce adiposity (percent body fat) in exercise programs for overweight and obese youth. Studies were identified through a systematic search of five databases. Studies were limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise training (e.g., aerobic, strength, concurrent) that assessed percent body fat and CRF for both exercise and control groups in overweight and obese children and adolescents. A series of meta-regressions were conducted to explore links between change in CRF (maximum oxygen consumption, ml/kg/min) and change in percent body fat. Twenty-three RCTs were included (n = 1790, 59% females). Meta-regression analysis suggested that increases of at least 0.38 mL/kg/min in CRF (p < 0.001) were considered to be a clinically important reduction of percent body fat (−2.30%, 95% confidence interval −3.02 to −1.58; p < 0.001; I2 = 92.2%). Subgroup analysis showed that increases of at least 0.17 mL/kg/min in CRF favored a reduction of percent body fat of −1.62% (95% confidence interval −2.04 to −1.20; p < 0.001; I2 = 69.9%). In conclusion, this change in CRF could be considered by pediatric researchers, youth fitness specialists, and health care providers to determine the effectiveness in body fat reductions through exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (M.I.); (R.R.-V.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 71783-5, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (M.I.); (R.R.-V.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Avery Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA;
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (M.I.); (R.R.-V.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28001 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Wu X, Gao S, Lian Y. Effects of continuous aerobic exercise on lung function and quality of life with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:4781-4795. [PMID: 33145051 PMCID: PMC7578506 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-19-2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite the obvious benefits of aerobic exercise for asthmatic patients, controversies persist. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of continuous aerobic exercise on lung function and quality of life of asthmatic patients. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases up to May 2019 and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of asthmatic patients intervened with whole body continuous aerobic exercise (moderate intensity, at least 20 minutes and two times a week, over a minimum period of four weeks), in which the endpoint measures were lung function and asthma-related quality of life. A fixed-effects model (I2≤50%) or random-effects model (I2>50%) was applied to calculate the pooled effects according to the I2-and Chi-squared (χ2) test, funnel plots were quantified to present publication bias, and a P value <0.05 was statistically significant. Results Eventually, 22 trials conformed to the selection criteria. In the aerobic exercise group, the forced expiratory volume improved in one second (FEV1) (I2=10.2%, WMD: 0.12, P=0.011), peak expiratory flow (PEF) (I2=87.3%, WMD: 0.66, P=0.002), forced vital capacity (FVC) (I2=0.0%, WMD: 0.18, P<0.001), FVC/predict (I2=3.9%, WMD: 4.3, P=0.014), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75%) (I2=0.0%, WMD: 9.6, P=0.005), Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) (I2=0.0%, WMD: 0.20, P=0.002), and Pediatric Asthma Quality of life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) (I2=72.1%, WMD: 0.81, P<0.001), respectively, while no statistical significance existed in FEV1%predict (I2=36.0%, WMD: 0.68, P=0.312) and FEV1/FVC ratio (I2=0.0%, WMD: 0.27, P=0.443) compared with the control group. When the exercise mode was taken into account, we observed significant improvement in FEV1, PEF, and FVC in the swimming (P<0.05) or indoor treadmill (P<0.05) training group. Conclusions Our meta-analysis proved that regular continuous aerobic exercise benefits asthma patients on FEV1, PEF, FVC, FVC%pred, FEF25-75%, and quality of life, and was well tolerated, while there were no improvements in FEV1%pred and FEV1/FVC%. As such, swimming and treadmill training may be appropriate options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggui Wu
- Department of Respiration Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiyuan Gao
- Department of Respiration Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yixin Lian
- Department of Respiration Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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24
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Brasil I, Monteiro W, Lima T, Seabra A, Farinatti P. Effects of judo training upon body composition, autonomic function, and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight or obese children aged 8- to 13 years. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2508-2516. [PMID: 32646282 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1792189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Physical training is recommended for obese paediatric populations. We investigated the effects of recreational judo training (JT) upon body composition and distribution, cardiorespiratory fitness, and heart rate variability (HRV) in overweight or obese children. A controlled trial (RBR-9d94td) was conducted with 35 children (8-13 years) assigned into groups according to their body mass index (BMI): eutrophic (EU; n = 15; z-BMI ≤ +l and ≥ -2) and overweight or obese (OB; n = 20; z-BMI > +1 and ≤ +3). The 12-week JT included 60-min sessions performed 2 times/week at 65-75% maximal heart rate (HR). BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, HRV, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), gas exchange threshold (GET), and body fractioning were assessed. Significant reductions in OB (P < 0.05) occurred for whole body and trunk fat (~3%), trunk/limb fat-ratio (~4%), resting HR (~3%), and sympathovagal balance (log LF:HF, ~85%). Increases (P < 0.05) occurred in lean mass (~8%), parasympathetic modulation (log HF, ~4%), VO2peak (~5-10%), and VO2 (~15%), speed (~10%) and slope (~13%) at GET. Markers of cardiorespiratory fitness (relative VO2, slope and speed at GET) in OB approached EU after JT. In conclusion, a relatively short JT intervention to improved body composition, autonomic modulation, and physical fitness in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iedda Brasil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walace Monteiro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University , Niterói, Brazil
| | - Tainah Lima
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Seabra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University , Niterói, Brazil
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25
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Stoner L, Beets MW, Brazendale K, Moore JB, Weaver RG. Exercise Dose and Weight Loss in Adolescents with Overweight-Obesity: A Meta-Regression. Sports Med 2020; 49:83-94. [PMID: 30560421 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-01040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent meta-analysis reported that exercise interventions are effective for promoting weight loss in adolescents with overweight-obesity. However, the meta-analysis did not investigate whether there is an optimal exercise dose for promoting weight loss in overweight and obese adolescents. A common method of expressing exercise dose is the calculation of metabolic equivalents (METs), expressed as MET-h/week. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the association between exercise dose (MET-h/week) and weight loss [body weight, body mass index (BMI)] in adolescents with overweight-obesity. DATA SOURCES Trials included in the original meta-analysis were extracted, and a subsequent search to identify studies published between May 2015 and May 2018 was conducted. The search included electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar) and the reference lists of eligible articles and relevant reviews. STUDY SELECTION The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) randomized controlled trial; (ii) structured exercise intervention, alone or combined with other intervention components; (iii) control group received no structured exercise or behavioral modification designed to increase physical activity; (iv) participants overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 85th percentile); and (v) participants aged between 10 and 19 years. APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Fifteen trials were extracted from the original meta-analysis. The current search identified an additional five trials (three articles). Data from 20 trials (16 articles) involving 1091 participants (54% female, 17% not reported) were included in the analysis. Effect sizes were reported as mean difference, and random effects meta-regression quantified the association between exercise dose and weight loss. Study quality was assessed using a modified Jadad's scale. RESULTS Total body weight change (decrease) ranged from - 2.7 to 19.3 (median 2.5) kg, and BMI change (decrease) ranged from - 1.6 to 6.3 (median 0.9) kg/m2. MET-h/week ranged from 5.4 to 36.0 (median 6.0). Each MET-h/week was associated with a 0.13 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08-0.19) and 0.33 kg (95% CI 0.08-0.59) decrease in BMI and body weight, respectively. LIMITATIONS The prescribed exercise dose for the majority of trials was low. As such, we were unable to discern whether there was an optimal exercise dose for weight loss (i.e., if the association between dose and weight loss was non-linear). Additionally, most trials had small sample sizes (median n = 34) and 17 trials had methodological limitations. CONCLUSIONS Each MET-h/week was associated with a 0.13 kg/m2 and 0.33 kg decrease in BMI and body weight, respectively. While this relationship appears to be linear, i.e., no optimal exercise dose, it should be emphasized that the exercise prescription dose for the majority of trials was low. Subsequent trials, with greater exercise dosage, are required to determine whether there is an 'optimal' dose for promoting weight loss in adolescents with overweight-obesity. However, the current findings lend support to the use of exercise prescription for promoting weight loss and improving health outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Michael W Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Keith Brazendale
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Justin B Moore
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - R Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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26
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Differences in Aerobic Fitness between an Obese Adolescent with Prader-Willi Syndrome and Other Obese Adolescents and Exercise Training Results. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051496. [PMID: 32110903 PMCID: PMC7084444 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by specific physical and behavioral abnormalities and considered the most commonly known genetic cause of morbid obesity in children. Recent studies indicate that patients suffering from this syndrome have significant problems in skill acquisition, muscle force, cardiovascular fitness, and activity level. In this study, we report an obese adolescent PWS patient of poor aerobic fitness compared with 13 obesity adolescents, and great improvement in cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) outcomes of the PWS patient measured after two weeks of physical exercise training programs.
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27
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Britto FA, De Groote E, Aranda J, Bullock L, Nielens H, Deldicque L. Effects of a 30-week combined training program in normoxia and in hypoxia on exercise performance and health-related parameters in obese adolescents: a pilot study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:601-609. [PMID: 32037783 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A light but regular combined training program is sufficient to improve health in obese adolescents. Hypoxia is known to potentiate the effects of a high intensity period of combined training on exercise performance and glucose metabolism in this population. Here, we tested the effects of a less intensive hypoxic combined training program on exercise performance and health-related markers in obese adolescents. METHODS Fourteen adolescents volunteered to participate to a 30-week combined training protocol whether in normoxia (FiO2 21%, NE, N.=7) or in hypoxia (FiO2 15%, HE, N.=7). Once a week, adolescents exercised for 50-60min including 12min on a cycloergometer and strength training of the abdominal, quadriceps and biceps muscles. RESULTS Combined training reduced body mass (NE: -12%; HE: -8%), mainly due to a loss in fat mass (NE: -26%; HE: -15%), similarly in both the hypoxic and normoxic groups. After training, maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) (NE: +30%; HE: +25%,), maximal aerobic power (MAP) (NE: +20%; HE: +36%), work capacity and one-repetition maximum (1RM) for the quadriceps (NE: +26%; HE: +12%), abdominal (NE: +48%; HE: +36%) and biceps muscles (NE: +26%; HE: +16%) were increased similarly in both groups but insulin sensitivity markers were not modified. CONCLUSIONS Except for insulin sensitivity, 1h a week of combined training for 30 weeks improved morphological and health-related markers as well as exercise performance in obese adolescents in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. This is of particular importance for motivating those adolescents, who often are reluctant to exercise. Even a low dose of exercise per week can induce positive health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Britto
- Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Estelle De Groote
- Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jaime Aranda
- Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Finis Terrae University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loïc Bullock
- Clairs Vallons Pediatric Medical Center, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Henri Nielens
- Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium -
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28
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Twelve Weeks of Combined Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Improves Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Enhances Red Blood Cell Hemorheological Function in Obese Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245020. [PMID: 31835508 PMCID: PMC6950327 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of a 12-week combined resistance and aerobic exercise training program on cardiometabolic biomarkers and red blood cell (RBC) hemorheological function in 20 obese older men (mean age: 68.8 ± 0.9 years). Subjects were randomly divided into two groups (exercise intervention [EXP; n = 10] and control [CON; n = 10]). The EXP subjects performed resistance and aerobic exercise training program three times per week for 12 weeks, and the CON subjects maintained their regular lifestyle during the intervention period. Body composition was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis equipment. Cardiometabolic biomarkers (glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA β-cell function, and leptin) and RBC hemorheological parameters (RBC deformability and aggregation) were analyzed. Percent body fat decreased significantly in the EXP group during the intervention period but increased significantly in the CON group. Insulin increased significantly in the CON group over the 12-week period and both insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in the CON group than in the EXP group at post-test. RBC deformability (RBC EI_3Pa) and aggregation (RBC AI_3Pa) improved significantly only in the EXP group. The present study suggests that combined exercise training can be useful for improving cardiometabolic biomarkers and RBC hemorheological parameters in obese older men and may help prevent metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.
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29
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Polovinets O, Wolf A, Wollstein R. Force transmission through the wrist during performance of push-ups on a hyperextended and a neutral wrist. J Hand Ther 2019; 31:322-330. [PMID: 28684196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort. INTRODUCTION Push-ups are used ubiquitously to evaluate and strengthen the upper body. They are usually performed in 1 of 2 main ways: with the wrist in hyperextension and with the wrist in a neutral position. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of our study was to compare the dynamic forces in the wrist during the 2 push-up styles. METHODS Fourteen volunteers performed push-ups in 2 different patterns: on a hyperextended wrist and a neutral wrist (NW). Two force plates and a motion capture system were used to measure the ground reaction forces (GRFs) and the kinematics of the upper extremity during push-ups. Kinematic and kinetic analyses were performed using Matlab software (Mathworks, Natick, MA). RESULTS The GRF vector was distributed differently during the different types of push-ups. For both methods, the total GRF carried by the upper dominant extremity was larger than those of the nondominant extremity. In the NW configuration, the GRF vector was more uniform throughout the push-up in the vertical direction. The horizontal distance between the capitate bone location and the GRF origin was smaller in hyperextension. The forces traveled more dorsally over a wider area and more ulnarly in the hyperextended wrist. DISCUSSION Forces are transmitted differently through the wrist in the 2 methods. Push-ups on an NW are likely safer because ligaments may be preferentially loaded in hyperextension. Further study may delineate the differences in the anatomic location of force transmission and the long-term clinical effect on the wrist. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the performance of push-ups on a wrist in neutral flexion extension; both to enable patients after surgery or injury to strengthen the upper body and prevent injury and long-term wear in the wrist. The knowledge gained from this study may assist in outlining guidelines for push-up performance. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic level 2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Polovinets
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alon Wolf
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronit Wollstein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Haifa, Israel; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Munhoz da Silveira Campos R, Moreira CE, Leão da Silva P, Landi Masquio DC, Campos Corgosinho F, Pelissari Kravchychyn AC, de Castro Ferreira Vicente SE, Tock L, Tufik S, de Mello MT, Dâmaso AR. The effect of aerobic plus resistance training associated with a long-term interdisciplinary weight loss program on visceral fat and isokinetic parameters in adolescents with obesity. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 60:855-863. [PMID: 31640311 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity can lead to a number of alterations in biomechanical structures. We aimed to assess the effect of aerobic plus resistance training associated with an interdisciplinary approach on visceral fat and isokinetic parameters in a long-term weight loss therapy program. METHODS Forty-four postpubertal obese adolescents were involved in the 1-year interdisciplinary weight loss therapy program (clinical, nutritional, psychological and physical training). Body composition, and visceral and subcutaneous fat were measured by DXA absorptiometry and ultrasonography, respectively. Peak torque was analyzed using an isokinetic dynamometer. Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests to assess the effect of the intervention. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in body fat with an inverse increase in lean mass. Positive correlations were observed between peak torque and lean body mass and negative correlations with visceral fat, gynoid fat mass, arm fat mass and subcutaneous fat. CONCLUSIONS An interdisciplinary weight loss program can reduce body fat and increase peak torque and improve muscle strength. The results reinforce the importance of this kind of approach to treat obesity and improve the quality of life in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, Brazil - .,Post Graduate Program of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, Brazil -
| | - Carlos E Moreira
- Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lian Tock
- Obesity Study Group, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco T de Mello
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana R Dâmaso
- Post Graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus São Paulo, Brazil
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Alberga AS, Sigal RJ, Sweet SN, Doucette S, Russell‐Mayhew S, Tulloch H, Kenny GP, Prud'homme D, Hadjiyannakis S, Goldfield GS. Understanding low adherence to an exercise program for adolescents with obesity: the HEARTY trial. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:437-448. [PMID: 31687168 PMCID: PMC6819972 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite efforts to improve adherence to physical activity interventions in youth with obesity, low adherence and attrition remain areas of great concern. OBJECTIVE The study was designed to determine which physiological and/or psychological factors predicted low adherence in adolescents with obesity enrolled in a 6-month exercise intervention study aimed to improve body composition. METHODS Three hundred four adolescents with obesity aged 14-18 years who volunteered for the HEARTY (Healthy Eating Aerobic and Resistance Training in Youth) randomized controlled trial completed physiological (body mass index, waist circumference, per cent body fat, resting metabolic rate and aerobic fitness) and psychological (body image, mood, self-esteem and self-efficacy) measures. RESULTS One hundred forty-one out of 228 (62%) randomized to exercise groups had low adherence (completed <70% of the prescribed four exercise sessions per week) to the intervention protocol. Logistic regression revealed that there were no baseline demographic or physiological variables that predicted low adherence in the participants. Appearance concern (a subscale of body image) (odds ratio [OR] 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 2.1, P = 0.04), depressive mood (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.23, P = 0.03) and confused mood (OR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.27, P = 0.003) (two subscales of mood) were significant predictors of low adherence. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with obesity who had higher appearance concerns and depressive and confused moods were less likely to adhere to exercise. Body image and mood should be screened to identify adolescents who may be at high risk of poor adherence and who may need concurrent or treatment support to address these psychological issues to derive maximal health benefits from an exercise programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Alberga
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyConcordia UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - R. J. Sigal
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Faculties of Medicine and KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaCanada
| | - S. N. Sweet
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical EducationMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - S. Doucette
- Community Health and EpidemiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | | | - H. Tulloch
- Prevention and Rehabilitation CentreUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaCanada
| | - G. P. Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaCanada
| | - D. Prud'homme
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Institut du Savoir MontfortOttawaCanada
| | - S. Hadjiyannakis
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (HALO)Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaCanada
| | - G. S. Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (HALO)Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaCanada
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Collins H, Booth JN, Duncan A, Fawkner S. The effect of resistance training interventions on fundamental movement skills in youth: a meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2019; 5:17. [PMID: 31102027 PMCID: PMC6525228 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-019-0188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are strongly related to physical activity (PA) in childhood and beyond. To develop FMS, resistance training (RT) may be a favourable intervention strategy. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically examine the effect of RT interventions on FMS in youth. METHODS Meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines (Prospero registration number CRD42016038365). Electronic literature databases were searched from the year of their inception up to and including June 2017. The search strategy aimed to return studies that included product and process-oriented measures as a means of assessing FMS. Studies from English language peer-reviewed published articles that examined the effect of RT on indicators of FMS in youth, with participants of school age (5-18 years) were included. RESULTS Thirty-three data sets were included exploring five outcomes related to FMS. Studies included only reported product-oriented outcomes. Significant intervention effects were identified for: sprint (Hedges' g = 0.292, 95% CI 0.017 to 0.567, P = 0.038), squat jump (Hedges' g = 0.730, 95% CI 0.374 to 1.085, P = < 0.001), standing long jump (Hedges' g = 0.298, 95% CI 0.096 to 0.499, P = 0.004), throw (Hedges' g = 0.405, 95% CI 0.094 to 0.717, P = 0.011) and vertical jump (Hedges' g = 0.407, 95% CI 0.251 to 0.564, P = < 0.001). There was variable quality of studies, with 33.3% being classified as 'strong'. CONCLUSION RT has a positive impact on indicators of FMS in youth but more high-quality studies should be conducted to further investigate the role RT may play in the development of FMS. Additionally, to more comprehensively evaluate the impact of RT on FMS, there is a need for FMS assessments that measure both process- and product-oriented outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Collins
- Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Dundee, Old Hawkhill, Dundee, DD14HN UK
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Physical Activity and Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josephine N. Booth
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Audrey Duncan
- Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Dundee, Old Hawkhill, Dundee, DD14HN UK
| | - Samantha Fawkner
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Physical Activity and Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Orsso CE, Tibaes JRB, Oliveira CLP, Rubin DA, Field CJ, Heymsfield SB, Prado CM, Haqq AM. Low muscle mass and strength in pediatrics patients: Why should we care? Clin Nutr 2019; 38:2002-2015. [PMID: 31031136 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays major roles in metabolism and overall health across the lifecycle. Emerging evidence indicates that prenatal (maternal diet during pregnancy and genetic defects) and postnatal factors (physical activity, hormones, dietary protein, and obesity) influence muscle mass acquisition and strength early in life. As a consequence, low muscle mass and strength contributes to several adverse health outcomes during childhood. Specifically, studies demonstrated inverse associations of muscle mass and strength to single and clustered metabolic risk factors. The literature also consistently reports that low muscle mass and strength are associated with reduced bone parameters during growth, increasing the risk of osteoporosis in old age. Furthermore, muscle mass gains are associated with improved neurodevelopment in the first years of life. Given these negative implications of low muscle mass and strength on health, it is crucial to track muscle mass and strength development from childhood to adolescence. Several body composition techniques are currently available for estimation of muscle mass, all with unique advantages and disadvantages. The value of ultrasound as a technique to measure muscle mass is emerging in pediatric research with potential for translating the research findings to clinical settings. For the assessment of muscle strength, the handgrip strength test has been widely employed but without a standardized protocol. Although further research is needed to define normative data and cut points for the low muscle mass and strength phenotype, the use of such non-invasive medical monitoring is a promising strategy to identify early abnormalities and prevent low muscle mass in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila E Orsso
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jenneffer R B Tibaes
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Food Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila L P Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniela A Rubin
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Goldfield GS, Kenny GP, Prud'homme D, Holcik M, Alberga AS, Fahnestock M, Cameron JD, Doucette S, Hadjiyannakis S, Tulloch H, Tremblay MS, Walsh J, Guerin E, Gunnell KE, D'Angiulli A, Sigal RJ. Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adolescents with obesity: The hearty randomized controlled trial. Physiol Behav 2018; 191:138-145. [PMID: 29679660 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein that plays a critical role in modulating cognition in animals and humans. Aerobic exercise often increases BDNF in adults, but effects of this exercise modality and others among adolescents remain uncertain. This study examined the effects of aerobic training, resistance training, and combined training on resting serum BDNF levels in adolescents with overweight and obesity. After a 4-week pre-randomization treatment, 304 post-pubertal, adolescents with overweight or obesity (70% females) aged 14-18 years were randomized to one of four groups for 22 weeks: aerobic training (N = 75), resistance training (N = 78), combined aerobic and resistance training (N = 75), or non-exercising control (N = 76). All participants received dietary counseling targeting a daily energy deficit of 250 kcal. The exercise prescription was 4 times per week, progressing to 45 min/session for the aerobic and resistance groups and 90 min/session for the combined group. Resting serum BDNF levels were measured at baseline and 6-months. Results showed that in both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol (≥70% adherence to prescribed sessions) analyses, there were no significant within- or between-group changes in BDNF. Findings indicate that aerobic training, resistance training or their combination did change serum BDNF levels in adolescents with overweight and obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT00195858 http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00195858, September 12, 2005 (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Glen P Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Martin Holcik
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Angela S Alberga
- Department of Kinesiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jameason D Cameron
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steve Doucette
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Stasia Hadjiyannakis
- Centre for Healthy Active Living, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Tulloch
- Prevention & Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy Walsh
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Eva Guerin
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katie E Gunnell
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ronald J Sigal
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Md. Yusop NB, Mohd Shariff Z, Hwu TT, Abd. Talib R, Spurrier N. The effectiveness of a stage-based lifestyle modification intervention for obese children. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:299. [PMID: 29490648 PMCID: PMC5831594 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions that encompass behavioural modifications of dietary intake and physical activity are essential for the management of obesity in children. This study assessed the effectiveness of a stage-based lifestyle modification intervention for obese children. METHODS A total of 50 obese children (7-11 years old) were randomized to the intervention group (IG, n = 25) or the control group (CG, n = 25). Data were collected at baseline, at follow-up (every month) and at six months after the end of the intervention. IG received stage-based lifestyle modification intervention based on the Nutrition Practice Guideline for the Management of Childhood Obesity, while CG received standard treatment. Changes in body composition, physical activity and dietary intake were examined in both the intervention and control groups. RESULTS Both groups had significant increases in weight (IG: 1.5 ± 0.5 kg; CG: 3.9 ± 0.6 kg) (p < 0.01) and waist circumference (IG: 0.1 ± 0.5 cm; CG: 2.2 ± 0.7 cm) (p < 0.05), but the increases were significantly higher in CG than IG. Body Mass Index (BMI)-for-age z scores decreased significantly in IG (- 0.2 ± 0.0, p < 0.01) but not in CG. The physical activity of the IG significantly increased (0.44 ± 0.13) compared with that of CG (- 0.28 ± 0.18), and the difference in mean change between groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Dietary intake was not significantly different between the two groups. However, calorie and carbohydrate intake decreased significantly in both groups. CONCLUSIONS A stage-based intervention that modified dietary and physical activity behaviour may be effective in weight management for obese children. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03429699 retrospectively registered 9 February 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Baizura Md. Yusop
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Zalilah Mohd Shariff
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ting Tzer Hwu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ruzita Abd. Talib
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nicola Spurrier
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042 Australia
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García-Hermoso A, Ramírez-Vélez R, Ramírez-Campillo R, Peterson MD, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Concurrent aerobic plus resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise alone to improve health outcomes in paediatric obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2016; 52:161-166. [PMID: 27986760 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise is superior to aerobic exercise alone for the health of obese children and adolescents. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Computerised search of 3 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies that compared the effect of supervised concurrent exercise versus aerobic exercise interventions, with anthropometric and metabolic outcomes in paediatric obesity (6-18 years old). The mean differences (MD) of the parameters from preintervention to postintervention between groups were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS 12 trials with 555 youths were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with aerobic exercise alone, concurrent exercise resulted in greater reductions in body mass (MD=-2.28 kg), fat mass (MD=-3.49%; and MD=-4.34 kg) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD=-10.20 mg/dL); as well as greater increases in lean body mass (MD=2.20 kg) and adiponectin level (MD=2.59 μg/mL). Differences were larger for longer term programmes (>24 weeks). SUMMARY Concurrent aerobic plus resistance exercise improves body composition, metabolic profiles, and inflammatory state in the obese paediatric population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016039807.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física "CEMA", Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile.,Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte; Laboratorio de Medición y Evaluación Deportiva, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile.,Laboratorio del Ciencias del Ejercicio, Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mark D Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Global REACH, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Dunford EC, Riddell MC. The Metabolic Implications of Glucocorticoids in a High-Fat Diet Setting and the Counter-Effects of Exercise. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6040044. [PMID: 27929385 PMCID: PMC5192450 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones, naturally produced by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, that mediate the immune and metabolic systems. Synthetic GCs are used to treat a number of inflammatory conditions and diseases including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Generally, chronic or high dose GC administration is associated with side effects such as steroid-induced skeletal muscle loss, visceral adiposity, and diabetes development. Patients who are taking exogenous GCs could also be more susceptible to poor food choices, but the effect that increasing fat consumption in combination with elevated exogenous GCs has only recently been investigated. Overall, these studies show that the damaging metabolic effects initiated through exogenous GC treatment are significantly amplified when combined with a high fat diet (HFD). Rodent studies of a HFD and elevated GCs demonstrate more glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, visceral adiposity, and skeletal muscle lipid deposition when compared to rodents subjected to either treatment on its own. Exercise has recently been shown to be a viable therapeutic option for GC-treated, high-fat fed rodents, with the potential mechanisms still being examined. Clinically, these mechanistic studies underscore the importance of a low fat diet and increased physical activity levels when individuals are given a course of GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Dunford
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Michael C Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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