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Riwaldt S, Corydon TJ, Pantalone D, Sahana J, Wise P, Wehland M, Krüger M, Melnik D, Kopp S, Infanger M, Grimm D. Role of Apoptosis in Wound Healing and Apoptosis Alterations in Microgravity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:679650. [PMID: 34222218 PMCID: PMC8248797 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.679650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Functioning as the outermost self-renewing protective layer of the human organism, skin protects against a multitude of harmful biological and physical stimuli. Consisting of ectodermal, mesenchymal, and neural crest-derived cell lineages, tissue homeostasis, and signal transduction are finely tuned through the interplay of various pathways. A health problem of astronauts in space is skin deterioration. Until today, wound healing has not been considered as a severe health concern for crew members. This can change with deep space exploration missions and commercial spaceflights together with space tourism. Albeit the molecular process of wound healing is not fully elucidated yet, there have been established significant conceptual gains and new scientific methods. Apoptosis, e.g., programmed cell death, enables orchestrated development and cell removal in wounded or infected tissue. Experimental designs utilizing microgravity allow new insights into the role of apoptosis in wound healing. Furthermore, impaired wound healing in unloading conditions would depict a significant challenge in human-crewed exploration space missions. In this review, we provide an overview of alterations in the behavior of cutaneous cell lineages under microgravity in regard to the impact of apoptosis in wound healing. We discuss the current knowledge about wound healing in space and simulated microgravity with respect to apoptosis and available therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Riwaldt
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Desiré Pantalone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Petra Wise
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Markus Wehland
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Melnik
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Choromańska A, Chwiłkowska A, Kulbacka J, Baczyńska D, Rembiałkowska N, Szewczyk A, Michel O, Gajewska-Naryniecka A, Przystupski D, Saczko J. Modifications of Plasma Membrane Organization in Cancer Cells for Targeted Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:1850. [PMID: 33806009 PMCID: PMC8037978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifications of the composition or organization of the cancer cell membrane seem to be a promising targeted therapy. This approach can significantly enhance drug uptake or intensify the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics. There are several methods enabling lipid bilayer modifications, e.g., pharmacological, physical, and mechanical. It is crucial to keep in mind the significance of drug resistance phenomenon, ion channel and specific receptor impact, and lipid bilayer organization in planning the cell membrane-targeted treatment. In this review, strategies based on cell membrane modulation or reorganization are presented as an alternative tool for future therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Choromańska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Chwiłkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Dagmara Baczyńska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Nina Rembiałkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Anna Szewczyk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Olga Michel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Gajewska-Naryniecka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Dawid Przystupski
- Department of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
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Locatelli L, Cazzaniga A, De Palma C, Castiglioni S, Maier JAM. Mitophagy contributes to endothelial adaptation to simulated microgravity. FASEB J 2019; 34:1833-1845. [PMID: 31914607 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901785rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to real or simulated microgravity is sensed as a stress by mammalian cells, which activate a complex adaptive response. In human primary endothelial cells, we have recently shown the sequential intervention of various stress proteins which are crucial to prevent apoptosis and maintain cell function. We here demonstrate that mitophagy contributes to endothelial adaptation to gravitational unloading. After 4 and 10 d of exposure to simulated microgravity in the rotating wall vessel, the amount of BCL2 interacting protein 3, a marker of mitophagy, is increased and, in parallel, mitochondrial content, oxygen consumption, and maximal respiratory capacity are reduced, suggesting the acquisition of a thrifty phenotype to meet the novel metabolic challenges generated by gravitational unloading. Moreover, we suggest that microgravity induced-disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton triggers mitophagy, thus creating a connection between cytoskeletal dynamics and mitochondrial content upon gravitational unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Locatelli
- Department Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cazzaniga
- Department Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jeanette A M Maier
- Department Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Rogg EM, Abplanalp WT, Bischof C, John D, Schulz MH, Krishnan J, Fischer A, Poluzzi C, Schaefer L, Bonauer A, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Analysis of Cell Type-Specific Effects of MicroRNA-92a Provides Novel Insights Into Target Regulation and Mechanism of Action. Circulation 2019; 138:2545-2558. [PMID: 30571345 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate nearly all biological pathways. Because the dysregulation of miRs can lead to disease progression, they are being explored as novel therapeutic targets. However, the cell type-specific effects of miRs in the heart are poorly understood. Thus, we assessed miR target regulation using miR-92a-3p as an example. Inhibition of miR-92a is known to improve endothelial cell function and recovery after acute myocardial infarction. METHODS miR-92a-3p was inhibited by locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based antimiR (LNA-92a) in mice after myocardial infarction. Expression of regulated genes was evaluated 3 days after myocardial infarction by RNA sequencing of isolated endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and CD45+ hematopoietic cells. RESULTS LNA-92a depleted miR-92a-3p expression in all cell types and derepressed predicted miR-92a-3p targets in a cell type-specific manner. RNAseq showed endothelial cell-specific regulation of autophagy-related genes. Imaging confirmed increased endothelial cell autophagy in LNA-92a treated relative to control animals. In vitro inhibition of miR-92a-3p augmented EC autophagy, derepressed autophagy-related gene 4a, and increased luciferase activity in autophagy-related gene 4a 3'UTR containing reporters, whereas miR-92a-3p overexpression had the opposite effect. In cardiomyocytes, LNA-92a derepressed metabolism-related genes, notably, the high-density lipoprotein transporter Abca8b. LNA-92a further increased fatty acid uptake and mitochondrial function in cardiomyocytes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that miRs have cell type-specific effects in vivo. Analysis of miR targets in cell subsets disclosed a novel function of miR-92a-3p in endothelial cell autophagy and cardiomyocyte metabolism. Because autophagy is upregulated during ischemia to supply nutrients and cardiomyocyte metabolic-switching improves available substrate utilization, these prosurvival mechanisms may diminish tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Rogg
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (E.-M.R., W.T.A., C.B., D.J., M.H.S., J.K., A.F., A.B., S.D.).,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, RheinMain (E.-M.R., W.T.A., M.H.S., A.B., A.M.Z., S.D.)
| | - Wesley T Abplanalp
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (E.-M.R., W.T.A., C.B., D.J., M.H.S., J.K., A.F., A.B., S.D.).,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, RheinMain (E.-M.R., W.T.A., M.H.S., A.B., A.M.Z., S.D.)
| | - Corinne Bischof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (E.-M.R., W.T.A., C.B., D.J., M.H.S., J.K., A.F., A.B., S.D.)
| | - David John
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (E.-M.R., W.T.A., C.B., D.J., M.H.S., J.K., A.F., A.B., S.D.)
| | - Marcel H Schulz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (E.-M.R., W.T.A., C.B., D.J., M.H.S., J.K., A.F., A.B., S.D.).,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, RheinMain (E.-M.R., W.T.A., M.H.S., A.B., A.M.Z., S.D.)
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (E.-M.R., W.T.A., C.B., D.J., M.H.S., J.K., A.F., A.B., S.D.)
| | - Ariane Fischer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (E.-M.R., W.T.A., C.B., D.J., M.H.S., J.K., A.F., A.B., S.D.)
| | - Chiara Poluzzi
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der JW Goethe-Universität, Germany (C.P., L.S.)
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der JW Goethe-Universität, Germany (C.P., L.S.)
| | - Angelika Bonauer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (E.-M.R., W.T.A., C.B., D.J., M.H.S., J.K., A.F., A.B., S.D.).,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, RheinMain (E.-M.R., W.T.A., M.H.S., A.B., A.M.Z., S.D.)
| | - Andreas M Zeiher
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany (A.M.Z.).,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, RheinMain (E.-M.R., W.T.A., M.H.S., A.B., A.M.Z., S.D.)
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (E.-M.R., W.T.A., C.B., D.J., M.H.S., J.K., A.F., A.B., S.D.).,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, RheinMain (E.-M.R., W.T.A., M.H.S., A.B., A.M.Z., S.D.)
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Fukazawa T, Tanimoto K, Shrestha L, Imura T, Takahashi S, Sueda T, Hirohashi N, Hiyama E, Yuge L. Simulated microgravity enhances CDDP-induced apoptosis signal via p53-independent mechanisms in cancer cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219363. [PMID: 31323026 PMCID: PMC6641656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the biological systems in the human body are affected by the earth’s gravity, information about the underlying molecular mechanisms is limited. For example, apoptotic signaling is enhanced in cancer cells subjected to microgravity. We reasoned that signaling regulated by p53 may be involved because of its role in apoptosis. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the molecular mechanisms of modified cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)-sensitivity under simulated microgravity by focusing on p53-related cell death mechanisms. Immunoblotting analyses indicated that, under microgravity, CDDP-induced ATM/p53 signaling increased and caspase-3 was cleaved earlier. However, microgravity decreased the levels of expression of p53 targets BAX and CDKN1A. Interestingly, microgravity increased the PTEN, DRAM1, and PRKAA1 mRNA levels. However, microgravity decreased the levels of mTOR and increased the LC3-II/I ratio, suggesting the activation of autophagy. The CDDP-induced cleavage of caspase-3 was increased during the early phase in Group MG (+), and cleaved caspase-3 was detected even in Group MG (+) with constitutive expression of a mutant type of p53 (hereafter, “+” indicates CDDP treatment). These results interestingly indicate that microgravity altered CDDP sensitivity through activation of caspase-3 by p53-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fukazawa
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanimoto
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail: (KT); (LY)
| | - Looniva Shrestha
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imura
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taijiro Sueda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hirohashi
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eiso Hiyama
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Louis Yuge
- Division of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Space Bio-Laboratories Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail: (KT); (LY)
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Clinorotation-induced autophagy via HDM2-p53-mTOR pathway enhances cell migration in vascular endothelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:147. [PMID: 29396411 PMCID: PMC5833810 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Individuals exposed to long-term spaceflight often experience cardiovascular dysfunctions characterized by orthostatic intolerance, disability on physical exercise, and even frank syncope. Recent studies have showed that the alterations of cardiovascular system are closely related to the functional changes of endothelial cells. We have shown previously that autophagy can be induced by simulated microgravity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, the mechanism of enhanced autophagy induced by simulated microgravity and its role in the regulation of endothelial function still remain unclear. We report here that 48 h clinorotation promoted cell migration in HUVECs by induction of autophagy. Furthermore, clinorotation enhanced autophagy by the mechanism of human murine double minute 2 (HDM2)-dependent degradation of cytoplasmic p53 at 26S proteasome, which results in the suppression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), but not via activation of AMPK in HUVECs. These results support the key role of HDM2–p53 in direct downregulation of mTOR, but not through AMPK in microgravity-induced autophagy in HUVECs.
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Zhao J, Ma H, Wu L, Cao L, Yang Q, Dong H, Wang Z, Ma J, Li Z. The influence of simulated microgravity on proliferation and apoptosis in U251 glioma cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 53:744-751. [PMID: 28707224 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that microgravity can influence cellular progression, proliferation, and apoptosis in tumor cell lines. In this study, we observed that simulated microgravity inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in U251 malignant glioma (U251MG) cells. Furthermore, expression of the apoptosis-associated proteins, p21 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), was upregulated and downregulated, respectively, following exposure to simulated microgravity. These findings indicate that simulated microgravity inhibits proliferation while inducing apoptosis of U251MG cells. The associated effects appear to be mediated by inhibition of IGFBP-2 expression and stimulation of p21 expression. This suggests that simulated microgravity might represent a promising method to discover new targets for glioma therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - He Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Leitao Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haijun Dong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zongren Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Yan M, Wang Y, Yang M, Liu Y, Qu B, Ye Z, Liang W, Sun X, Luo Z. The effects and mechanisms of clinorotation on proliferation and differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:327-32. [PMID: 25804637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Data from human and rodent studies have demonstrated that microgravity induces observed bone loss in real spaceflight or simulated experiments. The decrease of bone formation and block of maturation may play important roles in bone loss induced by microgravity. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of proliferation and differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) induced by simulated microgravity and the mechanisms underlying it. We report here that clinorotation, a simulated model of microgravity, decreased proliferation and differentiation in BMSCs after exposure to 48 h simulated microgravity. The inhibited proliferation are related with blocking the cell cycle in G2/M and enhancing the apoptosis. While alterations of the osteoblast differentiation due to the decreased SATB2 expression induced by simulated microgravity in BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, XiJing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, XiJing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yanwu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, XiJing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Zhengxu Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, XiJing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, XiJing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiqing Sun
- Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, XiJing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. As such, there is great interest in identifying novel mechanisms that govern the cardiovascular response to disease-related stress. First described in failing hearts, autophagy within the cardiovascular system has been widely characterized in cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. In all cases, a window of optimal autophagic activity appears to be critical to the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis and function; excessive or insufficient levels of autophagic flux can each contribute to heart disease pathogenesis. In this Review, we discuss the potential for targeting autophagy therapeutically and our vision for where this exciting biology may lead in the future.
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Cytoskeleton modifications and autophagy induction in TCam-2 seminoma cells exposed to simulated microgravity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:904396. [PMID: 25140323 PMCID: PMC4124846 DOI: 10.1155/2014/904396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The study of how mechanical forces may influence cell behavior via cytoskeleton remodeling is a relevant challenge of nowadays that may allow us to define the relationship between mechanics and biochemistry and to address the larger problem of biological complexity. An increasing amount of literature data reported that microgravity condition alters cell architecture as a consequence of cytoskeleton structure modifications. Herein, we are reporting the morphological, cytoskeletal, and behavioral modifications due to the exposition of a seminoma cell line (TCam-2) to simulated microgravity. Even if no differences in cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed after 24 hours of exposure to simulated microgravity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the change of gravity vector significantly affects TCam-2 cell surface morphological appearance. Consistent with this observation, we found that microtubule orientation is altered by microgravity. Moreover, the confocal analysis of actin microfilaments revealed an increase in the cell width induced by the low gravitational force. Microtubules and microfilaments have been related to autophagy modulation and, interestingly, we found a significant autophagic induction in TCam-2 cells exposed to simulated microgravity. This observation is of relevant interest because it shows, for the first time, TCam-2 cell autophagy as a biological response induced by a mechanical stimulus instead of a biochemical one.
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