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Liu Y, Chen T, Sun B, Tan Q, Ouyang H, Wang B, Yu H, She Z. Mono- and Dimeric Sorbicillinoid Inhibitors Targeting IL-6 and IL-1β from the Mangrove-Derived Fungus Trichoderma reesei BGRg-3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16096. [PMID: 38003285 PMCID: PMC10670970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Four new sorbicillinoids, named trichodermolide E (1), trichosorbicillin J (2), bisorbicillinolide B (3), and demethylsorbiquinol (5), together with eight known compounds (4, 6-12), were isolated from the cultures of the mangrove-derived fungus Trichoderma reesei BGRg-3. The structures of the new compounds were determined by analyzing their detailed spectroscopic data, while the absolute configurations were further determined through electronic circular dichroism calculations. Snatzke's method was additionally used to determine the absolute configurations of the diol moiety in 1. In a bioassay, compounds 7 and 10 performed greater inhibitory activities on interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β than the positive control (dexamethasone) at the concentration of 25 μM. Meanwhile, compounds 5 and 6 showed potent effects with stronger inhibition than dexamethasone on IL-1β at the same concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (B.S.); (Q.T.); (B.W.)
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (B.S.); (Q.T.); (B.W.)
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (B.S.); (Q.T.); (B.W.)
| | - Qi Tan
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (B.S.); (Q.T.); (B.W.)
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (B.S.); (Q.T.); (B.W.)
| | - Huijuan Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Zhigang She
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (B.S.); (Q.T.); (B.W.)
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2
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Xiao Z, Zhao Q, Li W, Gao L, Liu G. Strain improvement of Trichoderma harzianum for enhanced biocontrol capacity: Strategies and prospects. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1146210. [PMID: 37125207 PMCID: PMC10134904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the control of plant diseases, biocontrol has the advantages of being efficient and safe for human health and the environment. The filamentous fungus Trichoderma harzianum and its closely related species can inhibit the growth of many phytopathogenic fungi, and have been developed as commercial biocontrol agents for decades. In this review, we summarize studies on T. harzianum species complex from the perspective of strain improvement. To elevate the biocontrol ability, the production of extracellular proteins and compounds with antimicrobial or plant immunity-eliciting activities need to be enhanced. In addition, resistance to various environmental stressors should be strengthened. Engineering the gene regulatory system has the potential to modulate a variety of biological processes related to biocontrol. With the rapidly developing technologies for fungal genetic engineering, T. harzianum strains with increased biocontrol activities are expected to be constructed to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Beijing Cigarette Factory Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Gao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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3
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New Insights into the Mechanism of Trichoderma virens-Induced Developmental Effects on Agrostis stolonifera Disease Resistance against Dollar Spot Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8111186. [DOI: 10.3390/jof8111186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma is internationally recognized as a biocontrol fungus for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Intriguingly, the crosstalk mechanism between the plant and Trichoderma is dynamic, depending on the Trichoderma strains and the plant species. In our previous study, the Trichoderma virens 192-45 strain showed better pathogen inhibition through the secretive non-volatile and volatile substrates. Therefore, we studied transcriptional and metabolic responses altered in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) with T. virens colonization prior to a challenge with Clarireedia homoeocarpa. This fungal pathogen causes dollar spot on various turfgrasses. When the pathogen is deficient, the importance of T. virens to the enhancement of plant growth can be seen in hormonal production and microbe signaling, such as indole-3-acrylic acid. Therefore, these substrates secreted by T. virens and induced genes related to plant growth can be the ‘pre-defense’ for ensuing pathogen attacks. During C. homoeocarpa infection, the Trichoderma–plant interaction activates defense responses through the SA- and/or JA-dependent pathway, induced by T. virens and its respective exudates, such as oleic, citric, and stearic acid. Thus, we will anticipate a combination of genetic engineering and exogenous application targeting these genes and metabolites, which could make creeping bentgrass more resistant to dollar spot and other pathogens.
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Zhang SH, Zhao X, Xu R, Yang Y, Tang J, Yue XL, Wang YT, Tan HY, Zhang GG, Li CW. Eleven-Residue Peptaibols Isolated from Trichoderma Longibrachiatum Rifai DMG-3-1-1 and Their Structure-Activity Relationship. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200627. [PMID: 35921066 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Total 23 eleven-residue peptaibols, including five reported ones (1-5) in our previous work, were isolated from the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai DMG-3-1-1, which was obtained from the mushroom Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch) P. Kumm. The structures of the 13 new peptaibols (6-10 and 12-19) were determined by their NMR and MALDI-MS/MS data, their absolute structures were further determined by Marfey's analyses and their ECD data. Careful comparison of the structures of 1-23 showed that only seven residues varied including the 2nd (Gln 2 /Asn 2 ), 3rd (Ile 3 /Val 3 ), 4th (Ile 4 /Val 4 ), 6th (Pro 6 /Hyp 6 ), 8 th (Pro 6 /Hyp 6 ), 10th (Pro 10 /Hyp 10 ) and 11th (Leuol 11 /Ileol 11 /Valol 11 ) residues. Comparison of the IC 50 s against the three tested cell lines of 1-23 indicated that 2nd, 3rd and 4th amino acid residues affected their cytotoxicities powerfully. Compounds 2, 5, 9, 11, 21 and 22 showed moderate antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus MRSA T144, which also showed stronger cytotoxicities against BV2 and MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Taiping road 27, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Xue Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Taiping road 27, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Rui Xu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Taiping road 27, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Yu Yang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Taiping road 27, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Jing Tang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Taiping road 27, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Xian-Lin Yue
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Taiping road 27, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Taiping road 27, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Hong-Yu Tan
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Taiping road 27, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Guo-Gang Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Wenhua road 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Shenyang, CHINA
| | - Chang-Wei Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taiping Road 27, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100850, Beijing, CHINA
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Recent Advances in Sorbicillinoids from Fungi and Their Bioactivities (Covering 2016–2021). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8010062. [PMID: 35050002 PMCID: PMC8779745 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorbicillinoids are a family of hexaketide metabolites with a characteristic sorbyl side chain residue. Sixty-nine sorbicillinoids from fungi, newly identified from 2016 to 2021, are summarized in this review, including their structures and bioactivities. They are classified into monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and hybrid sorbicillinoids according to their basic structural features, with the main groups comprising both monomeric and dimeric sorbicillinoids. Some of the identified sorbicillinoids have special structures such as ustilobisorbicillinol A, and sorbicillasins A and B. The majority of sorbicillinoids have been reported from fungi genera such as Acremonium, Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Ustilaginoidea, with some sorbicillinoids exhibiting cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, phytotoxic, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. In recent years, marine-derived, extremophilic, plant endophytic, and phytopathogenic fungi have emerged as important resources for diverse sorbicillinoids with unique skeletons. The recently revealed biological activities of sorbicillinoids discovered before 2016 are also described in this review.
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Rush TA, Shrestha HK, Gopalakrishnan Meena M, Spangler MK, Ellis JC, Labbé JL, Abraham PE. Bioprospecting Trichoderma: A Systematic Roadmap to Screen Genomes and Natural Products for Biocontrol Applications. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:716511. [PMID: 37744103 PMCID: PMC10512312 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.716511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural products derived from microbes are crucial innovations that would help in reaching sustainability development goals worldwide while achieving bioeconomic growth. Trichoderma species are well-studied model fungal organisms used for their biocontrol properties with great potential to alleviate the use of agrochemicals in agriculture. However, identifying and characterizing effective natural products in novel species or strains as biological control products remains a meticulous process with many known challenges to be navigated. Integration of recent advancements in various "omics" technologies, next generation biodesign, machine learning, and artificial intelligence approaches could greatly advance bioprospecting goals. Herein, we propose a roadmap for assessing the potential impact of already known or newly discovered Trichoderma species for biocontrol applications. By screening publicly available Trichoderma genome sequences, we first highlight the prevalence of putative biosynthetic gene clusters and antimicrobial peptides among genomes as an initial step toward predicting which organisms could increase the diversity of natural products. Next, we discuss high-throughput methods for screening organisms to discover and characterize natural products and how these findings impact both fundamental and applied research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás A. Rush
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Him K. Shrestha
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | | | - Margaret K. Spangler
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - J. Christopher Ellis
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Jesse L. Labbé
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Paul E. Abraham
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Zhang JL, Tang WL, Huang QR, Li YZ, Wei ML, Jiang LL, Liu C, Yu X, Zhu HW, Chen GZ, Zhang XX. Trichoderma: A Treasure House of Structurally Diverse Secondary Metabolites With Medicinal Importance. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:723828. [PMID: 34367122 PMCID: PMC8342961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi play an irreplaceable role in drug discovery in the course of human history, as they possess unique abilities to synthesize diverse specialized metabolites with significant medicinal potential. Trichoderma are well-studied filamentous fungi generally observed in nature, which are widely marketed as biocontrol agents. The secondary metabolites produced by Trichoderma have gained extensive attention since they possess attractive chemical structures with remarkable biological activities. A large number of metabolites have been isolated from Trichoderma species in recent years. A previous review by Reino et al. summarized 186 compounds isolated from Trichoderma as well as their biological activities up to 2008. To update the relevant list of reviews of secondary metabolites produced from Trichoderma sp., we provide a comprehensive overview in regard to the newly described metabolites of Trichoderma from the beginning of 2009 to the end of 2020, with emphasis on their chemistry and various bioactivities. A total of 203 compounds with considerable bioactivities are included in this review, which is worth expecting for the discovery of new drug leads and agrochemicals in the foreseeable future. Moreover, new strategies for discovering secondary metabolites of Trichoderma in recent years are also discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Long Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
- Shandong Aquaculture Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
| | - Wen-Li Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-Rong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
| | - You-Zhi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
| | - Mao-Lian Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
- Shandong Aquaculture Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
- Yantai Research Institute for Replacing Old Growth Drivers with New Ones, Yantai, China
| | - Chong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
- Shandong Aquaculture Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
- Yantai Research Institute for Replacing Old Growth Drivers with New Ones, Yantai, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Aquaculture Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
| | - Xing-Xiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Aquaculture Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
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Stracquadanio C, Quiles JM, Meca G, Cacciola SO. Antifungal Activity of Bioactive Metabolites Produced by Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma atroviride in Liquid Medium. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040263. [PMID: 33139651 PMCID: PMC7712451 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are known as biocontrol agents of fungal plant pathogens and have been recognized as a potential source of bioactive metabolites. The production of antimicrobial substances from strains T. atroviride (TS) and T. asperellum (IMI 393899) was investigated. The bioactivity of 10- and 30-day culture filtrate extracted with ethyl acetate was assessed against a set of pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. The 30-day extracts of both strains had significant cytotoxic effects against the tested pathogens, with values of minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) ranging between 0.19 and 6.25 mg/mL. Dual culture assay (direct contact and nondirect contact) and the percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) was calculated. The highest PIRG values were 76% and 81% (direct contact) with IMI 393899 and TS, respectively. Nondirect contact does not show inhibition on any of pathogens tested, indicating that the inhibition is not due to the secretion of volatile substances. Culture filtrates were analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC-Q-TOF-MS for the identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nonvolatile organic compounds (nVOCs), respectively. Seven classes of VOCs and 12 molecules of nVOCs were identified. These results indicate that these strains of Trichoderma had antimicrobial activities and they are potential natural sources of compounds with biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stracquadanio
- Department of Agricultural Science, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Localitá Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Juan Manuel Quiles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; (J.M.Q.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Meca
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; (J.M.Q.); (G.M.)
| | - Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-7147371
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Humidity governs the wall-inhabiting fungal community composition in a 1600-year tomb of Emperor Yang. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8421. [PMID: 32439991 PMCID: PMC7242468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodeterioration caused by filamentous fungi is often a threat to the architectural heritage (i.e. tombs and historic sites). To specifically understand the deterioration phenomena caused by microorganisms in tombs and how these are shaped due to various environmental factors, the fungal communities in the coffin chamber of the Chinese emperor Yang (BC 569-618) were investigated at different heights using denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting. The associated environmental conditions, such as humidity, temperature, height and illumination, were also assessed. The results showed that a great diversity of fungal species (Cordyceps, Fusarium, Harpochytrium, Emericellopsis, Volutella, Cladosporium, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma, Cochlonema and two unknown fungal species) was present in emperor Yang's coffin chamber. The predominant species were Stachybotrys, Fusarium, Trichoderma and Cochlonema. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that humidity, temperature, height and illumination were the most significantly related factors shaping the fungal communities. Humidity showed the highest degree of variance description (19.2%) than all other environmental factors, followed by illumination (18.3%) and height (12.8%). Furthermore, fungal richness and diversity indices showed a positive correlation with humidity (p < 0.05). These results help in understanding the fungal community in tombs, promoting the mitigation of deterioration phenomena of such building heritage for the present and future.
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Non-Volatile Metabolites from Trichoderma spp. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9030058. [PMID: 30909487 PMCID: PMC6468342 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Trichoderma is comprised of many common fungi species that are distributed worldwide across many ecosystems. Trichoderma species are well-known producers of secondary metabolites with a variety of biological activities. Their potential use as biocontrol agents has been known for many years. Several reviews about metabolites from Trichoderma have been published. These reviews are based on their structural type, biological activity, or fungal origin. In this review, we summarize the secondary metabolites per Trichoderma species and elaborate on approximately 390 non-volatile compounds from 20 known species and various unidentified species.
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Castagnoli E, Marik T, Mikkola R, Kredics L, Andersson M, Salonen H, Kurnitski J. IndoorTrichodermastrains emitting peptaibols in guttation droplets. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1408-1422. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Castagnoli
- Department of Civil Engineering; Aalto University; Espoo Finland
| | - T. Marik
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Science and Informatics; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - R. Mikkola
- Department of Civil Engineering; Aalto University; Espoo Finland
| | - L. Kredics
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Science and Informatics; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - M.A. Andersson
- Department of Civil Engineering; Aalto University; Espoo Finland
- Department of Food and Environmental Science; Helsinki University; Helsinki Finland
| | - H. Salonen
- Department of Civil Engineering; Aalto University; Espoo Finland
| | - J. Kurnitski
- Department of Civil Engineering; Aalto University; Espoo Finland
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Tallinn University of Technology; Tallinn Estonia
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12
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Marik T, Tyagi C, Racić G, Rakk D, Szekeres A, Vágvölgyi C, Kredics L. New 19-Residue Peptaibols from Trichoderma Clade Viride. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030085. [PMID: 30103563 PMCID: PMC6165201 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma koningiopsis and T. gamsii belong to clade Viride of Trichoderma, the largest and most diverse group of this genus. They produce a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites, including peptaibols with antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. The unusual amino acid residues of peptaibols, i.e., α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), isovaline (Iva), and the C-terminal 1,2-amino alcohol make them unique among peptides. In this study, the peptaibiomes of T. koningiopsis and T. gamsii were investigated by HPLC-ESI-MS. The examined strains appeared to produce 19-residue peptaibols, most of which are unknown from literature, but their amino acid sequences are similar to those of trikoningins, tricholongins, trichostrigocins, trichorzianins, and trichorzins. A new group of peptaibols detected in T. koningiopsis are described here under the name “Koningiopsin”. Trikoningin KA V, the closest peptaibol compound to the peptaibols produced by these two strains, was selected for structural investigation by short MD simulation, which revealed that many residues show high preference for left handed helix formation. The bioactivity of the peptaibol mixtures produced by T. koningiopsis and T. gamsii was tested on agar plates against bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. The results revealed characteristic differences in bioactivities towards the different groups of target microorganisms, which can be explained with the differences in their cell wall structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Marik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Chetna Tyagi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gordana Racić
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, Educons University, Vojvode Putnika 87, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia.
| | - Dávid Rakk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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13
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Vornanen-Winqvist C, Salonen H, Järvi K, Andersson MA, Mikkola R, Marik T, Kredics L, Kurnitski J. Effects of Ventilation Improvement on Measured and Perceived Indoor Air Quality in a School Building with a Hybrid Ventilation System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1414. [PMID: 29976864 PMCID: PMC6068750 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ventilation system design and operation may significantly affect indoor air quality (IAQ). The aims of this case study were to investigate the functionality of a supply air fan-assisted hybrid ventilation system in a newly built school building with reported IAQ problems and to determine the effects of ventilation improvement on measured and perceived IAQ. The ventilation system function was researched simultaneously with IAQ measurements, with an analysis of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), single volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and indoor mycobiota, and with questionnaires about perceived IAQ. At the baseline, an operational error of the ventilation system was found, which prevented the air from coming into the classrooms, except for short periods of high carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations. After the ventilation operation was improved, a significant change in indoor mycobiota was found; the dominant, opportunistic human pathogenic species Trichoderma citrinoviride found in settled dust in the classroom before the improvement was no longer detected. In addition, the concentrations of CO₂, TVOC, and some single VOCs, especially toluene and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decreased. The analysis of the questionnaire results indicated that the perceptions of unpleasant odors and stuffy air decreased, although a statistically significant improvement in perceived IAQ was not observed. The results provided evidence that the properly controlled hybrid ventilation system operating in mechanical supply mode provided adequate ventilation and was effective in decreasing the concentrations of some indoor-generated pollutants. With simple ventilation adjustments, microbiological exposure from building structures might be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Salonen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Rakentajanaukio 4, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Kati Järvi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Rakentajanaukio 4, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Maria A Andersson
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Rakentajanaukio 4, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Raimo Mikkola
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Rakentajanaukio 4, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tamás Marik
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Jarek Kurnitski
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Rakentajanaukio 4, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.
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14
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Tanney JB, Renaud JB, Miller JD, McMullin DR. New 1,3-benzodioxin-4-ones from Synnemapestaloides ericacearum sp. nov., a biosynthetic link to remarkable compounds within the Xylariales. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198321. [PMID: 29949590 PMCID: PMC6021072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Surveys of foliar endophytes from the Acadian forest region over the past three decades have identified numerous phylogenetically diverse fungi producing natural products toxic to forest pests and diseases. The life histories of some conifer endophytes can be restricted to plant foliage or may include saprotrophic phases on other plants tissues or even alternate hosts. Considering the potentially broad host preferences of conifer endophytes we explored fungi isolated from understory species and their metabolites as part of an ongoing investigation of fungal biodiversity from the Acadian forest. We report a hitherto unidentified Xylariomycetidae species isolated from symptomatic Labrador tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum) leaves and mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) collected in coastal southern New Brunswick, Canada. Morphological and phylogenetic evidence demonstrated the unknown species was a novel Synnemapestaloides (Sporocadaceae) species, described here as Syn. ericacearum. A preliminary screening assay indicated that the culture filtrate extract of the new species was potently antifungal towards the biotrophic pathogen Microbotryum violaceum, warranting an investigation of its natural products. Two natural products possessing a rare 1,3-benzodioxin-4-one scaffold, synnemadoxins A-B (1-2), and their postulated precursor, synnemadiacid A (3), were characterized as new structures and assessed for antimicrobial activity. All isolated compounds elicited in vitro inhibitory antifungal activity towards M. violaceum at 2.3 μg mL-1 and moderate antibiotic activity. Further, the characterization of synnemadoxins A-B provided a perspective on the biosynthesis of some related 1,3-benzodioxin-4-ones produced by other fungi within the Xylariales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey B. Tanney
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin B. Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. David Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R. McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Rand TG, Chang CT, McMullin DR, Miller JD. Inflammation-associated gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by toxins from fungi common on damp building materials. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 43:16-20. [PMID: 28535995 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most fungi that grow on damp building materials produce low molecular weight compounds, some of which are known to be toxic. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to some metabolites of fungi common on damp building materials would result in time-, dose-, and compound-specific responses in the production of various chemokines by RAW 264.7 cells. Cell cultures were exposed to a 10-7M or 10-8M metabolite dose for 2, 4, 8 or 24h. Metabolite concentrations used were based on those that might be expected in alveolar macrophages due to inhalation exposure from living or working in a damp building. Compared to controls, exposure provoked significant time-, dose- and compound-specific responses manifest as differentially elevated secretion of three of nine cytokines tested in culture supernatant of treated cells. The greatest number of cytokines produced in response to the metabolites tested were in andrastin A-treated cells (GM-CSF, TGFβ1, Tnf-α) followed by koninginin A (TGFβ1 and Tnf-α) and phomenone (GM-CSF, TGFβ1). Chaetoglobosin A, chaetomugilin D and walleminone exposures each resulted in significant time-specific production of Tnf-α only. This investigation adds to a body of evidence supporting the role of low molecular weight compounds from damp building materials as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Along with fungal glucan and chitin, these compounds contribute to the non-allergy based respiratory outcomes for people living and working in damp buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Rand
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Carolyn T Chang
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - David R McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - J David Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
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