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Cheng Y, Liu R, Yang T, Yang S, Chen J, Huang Y, Long D, Zeng J, Wu D, Kang H, Fan X, Sha L, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Wang Y. Genetic factors of grain cadmium concentration in Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:979-995. [PMID: 38917222 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide and a major source of human cadmium (Cd) intake. Limiting grain Cd concentration (Gr_Cd_Conc) in wheat is necessary to ensure food safety. However, the genetic factors associated with Cd uptake, translocation and distribution and Gr_Cd_Conc in wheat are poorly understood. Here, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for Gr_Cd_Conc and its related transport pathway using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from 2 Polish wheat varieties (RIL_DT; dwarf Polish wheat [DPW] and tall Polish wheat [TPW]). We identified 29 novel major QTLs for grain and tissue Cd concentration; 14 novel major QTLs for Cd uptake, translocation, and distribution; and 27 major QTLs for agronomic traits. We also analyzed the pleiotropy of these QTLs. Six novel QTLs (QGr_Cd_Conc-1A, QGr_Cd_Conc-3A, QGr_Cd_Conc-4B, QGr_Cd_Conc-5B, QGr_Cd_Conc-6A, and QGr_Cd_Conc-7A) for Gr_Cd_Conc explained 8.16% to 17.02% of the phenotypic variation. QGr_Cd_Conc-3A, QGr_Cd_Conc-6A, and QGr_Cd_Conc-7A pleiotropically regulated Cd transport; 3 other QTLs were organ-specific for Gr_Cd_Conc. We fine-mapped the locus of QGr_Cd_Conc-4B and identified the candidate gene as Cation/Ca exchanger 2 (TpCCX2-4B), which was differentially expressed in DPW and TPW. It encodes an endoplasmic reticulum membrane/plasma membrane-localized Cd efflux transporter in yeast. Overexpression of TpCCX2-4B reduced Gr_Cd_Conc in rice. The average Gr_Cd_Conc was significantly lower in TpCCX2-4BDPW genotypes than in TpCCX2-4BTPW genotypes of the RIL_DT population and 2 other natural populations, based on a Kompetitive allele-specific PCR marker derived from the different promoter sequences between TpCCX2-4BDPW and TpCCX2-4BTPW. Our study reveals the genetic mechanism of Cd accumulation in wheat and provides valuable resources for genetic improvement of low-Cd-accumulating wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Huang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Long
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Sha
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
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Wang M, Li H, Dang F, Cheng B, Cheng C, Ge C, Zhou D. Common metabolism and transcription responses of low-cadmium-accumulative wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars sprayed with nano-selenium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174936. [PMID: 39047830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soils threatens food security, while cultivating low-Cd-accumulative varieties, coupled with agro-nanotechnology, offers a potential solution to reduce Cd accumulation in crops. Herein, foliar application of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) was performed on seedlings of two low-Cd-accumulative wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties grown in soil spiked with Cd at 3 mg/kg. Results showed that foliar application of SeNPs at 0.16 mg/plant (SeNPs-M) significantly decreased the Cd content in leaves of XN-979 and JM-22 by 46.4 and 40.8 %, and alleviated oxidative damage. The wheat leaves treated with SeNPs-M underwent significant metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming. On one hand, four specialized antioxidant metabolites such as L-Tyrosine, beta-N-acetylglucosamine, D-arabitol, and monolaurin in response to SeNPs in JM-22 and XN-979 is the one reason for the decrease of Cd in wheat leaves. Moreover, alleviation of stress-related kinases, hormones, and transcription factors through oxidative post-translational modification, subsequently regulates the expression of defense genes via Se-enhanced glutathione peroxidase. These findings indicate that combining low-Cd-accumulative cultivars with SeNPs spraying is an effective strategy to reduce Cd content in wheat and promote sustainable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Science, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bingxu Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China; School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chenghao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Ni WJ, Mubeen S, Leng XM, He C, Yang Z. Molecular-Assisted Breeding of Cadmium Pollution-Safe Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37923701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in edible agricultural products, especially in crops intended for consumption, has raised worldwide concerns regarding food safety. Breeding of Cd pollution-safe cultivars (Cd-PSCs) is an effective solution to preventing the entry of Cd into the food chain from contaminated agricultural soil. Molecular-assisted breeding methods, based on molecular mechanisms for cultivar-dependent Cd accumulation and bioinformatic tools, have been developed to accelerate and facilitate the breeding of Cd-PSCs. This review summarizes the recent progress in the research of the low Cd accumulation traits of Cd-PSCs in different crops. Furthermore, the application of molecular-assisted breeding methods, including transgenic approaches, genome editing, marker-assisted selection, whole genome-wide association analysis, and transcriptome, has been highlighted to outline the breeding of Cd-PSCs by identifying critical genes and molecular biomarkers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development of Cd-PSCs and the potential future for breeding Cd-PSC using modern molecular technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Ni
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Samavia Mubeen
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Min Leng
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chuntao He
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Motta-Romero HA, Perez-Donado CE, Auchtung JM, Rose DJ. Toxicity of cadmium on dynamic human gut microbiome cultures and the protective effect of cadmium-tolerant bacteria autochthonous to the gut. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139581. [PMID: 37474038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal toxic to the gut microbiome. In this study, we cultivated two human gut microbiomes (A and B) in bioreactors with Cd at 0 and 20 ppm for 7 days to investigate effects of Cd on the gut microbiome and to isolate Cd-tolerant bacteria autochthonous to the gut. Cd showed profound toxicity, abolishing butyrate production, depleting microbes in microbiome B, and simplifying microbiome A to a small Cd-tolerant community after 2 d of incubation. When spiked into the Cd-sensitive microbiome B, the Cd-tolerant community from microbiome A and isolates from that community worked synergistically with microbiome B to enhance butyrate production and maintained this synergism at Cd concentrations up to 5 ppm. Bacteria isolated from this Cd-tolerant community included Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter cloacae, Lactococcus lactis, and Lactobacillus taiwanensis species. This work demonstrates a straightforward method for identifying Cd-tolerant bacteria autochthonous to the human gut that synergize with the microbiome to protect against Cd-related loss of butyrate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollman A Motta-Romero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE, USA; Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Carmen E Perez-Donado
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE, USA; Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer M Auchtung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE, USA; Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Devin J Rose
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE, USA; Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE, USA; Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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5
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Kumar S, DePauw RM, Kumar S, Kumar J, Kumar S, Pandey MP. Breeding and adoption of biofortified crops and their nutritional impact on human health. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1520:5-19. [PMID: 36479674 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition has affected over two billion people worldwide and continues to be a health risk. A growing human population, poverty, and the prevalence of low dietary diversity are jointly responsible for malnutrition, particularly in developing nations. Inadequate bioavailability of key micronutrients, such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and vitamin A, can be improved through agronomic and/or genetic interventions. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research prioritizes developing biofortified food crops that are rich in minerals and vitamins through the HarvestPlus initiative on biofortification. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of biofortified food crops along with evidence supporting their acceptability and adoption. Between 2004 and 2019, 242 biofortified varieties belonging to 11 major crops were released in 30 countries across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. These conventionally bred biofortified crops include Fe-enriched beans, pearl millet, and cowpea; Zn-enriched rice, wheat, and maize; both Fe- and Zn-enriched lentil and sorghum; and varieties with improved vitamin A in orange-fleshed sweet potato, maize, cassava, and banana/plantain. In addition to ongoing efforts, breeding innovations, such as speed breeding and CRISPR-based gene editing technologies, will be necessary for the next decade to reach two billion people with biofortified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Ron M DePauw
- Advancing Wheat Technologies, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, India
| | - Sourabh Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Madhav P Pandey
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Nepal
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6
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Li S, Li X, Li S, Liu Y, Zang T, Hao M, Zhang L, Huang L, Jiang B, Yuan Z, Chen X, Chen X, Liu D, Ning S. Variation in the tonoplast cadmium transporter heavy metal ATPase 3 (HMA3) homolog gene in Aegilops tauschii. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279707. [PMID: 36867624 PMCID: PMC9983875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionality of HMA3 is a key determinant controlling Cd accumulation in the shoots and grains of plants. Wild relatives of modern crop plants can serve as sources of valuable genetic variation for various traits. Here, resequencing of HMA3 homoeologous genes from Aegilops tauschii (the donor of the wheat D genome) was carried out to identify natural variation at both the nucleotide and polypeptide levels. HMA3 homoeologs are highly conserved, and 10 haplotypes were revealed based on 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (eight induced single amino acid residue substitutions, including 2 altered amino acids in transmembrane domains) in 80 widely distributed Ae. tauschii accessions. The results provide genetic resources for low/no Cd concentration wheat improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu’e Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianqing Zang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongwei Yuan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shunzong Ning
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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7
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Impact of Quality Improvement and Milling Innovations on Durum Wheat and End Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121796. [PMID: 35741994 PMCID: PMC9223010 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There are long-standing established intrinsic quality requirements of end products made from durum wheat semolina, with color, textural, and cooking properties of pasta and couscous representing persistent key attributes for consumers. Over time, traditional efforts to advance development in these areas with respect to raw material, equipment, and process improvements have been influenced by growing awareness of issues around food safety, health and nutrition, and climate change, necessitating that development strategies incorporate specific considerations relating to safety, traceability, and sustainability. We examined improvements in durum wheat quality and innovations in milling and the resulting impact on product quality in light of these considerations, which are now fundamental to the planning and development of any food process, as required by consumers and regulators alike.
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Zulfiqar U, Jiang W, Xiukang W, Hussain S, Ahmad M, Maqsood MF, Ali N, Ishfaq M, Kaleem M, Haider FU, Farooq N, Naveed M, Kucerik J, Brtnicky M, Mustafa A. Cadmium Phytotoxicity, Tolerance, and Advanced Remediation Approaches in Agricultural Soils; A Comprehensive Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:773815. [PMID: 35371142 PMCID: PMC8965506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.773815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental contaminant due to its widespread industrial use. Cd contamination of soil and water is rather classical but has emerged as a recent problem. Cd toxicity causes a range of damages to plants ranging from germination to yield suppression. Plant physiological functions, i.e., water interactions, essential mineral uptake, and photosynthesis, are also harmed by Cd. Plants have also shown metabolic changes because of Cd exposure either as direct impact on enzymes or other metabolites, or because of its propensity to produce reactive oxygen species, which can induce oxidative stress. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the potential of plants with ability to accumulate or stabilize Cd compounds for bioremediation of Cd pollution. Here, we critically review the chemistry of Cd and its dynamics in soil and the rhizosphere, toxic effects on plant growth, and yield formation. To conserve the environment and resources, chemical/biological remediation processes for Cd and their efficacy have been summarized in this review. Modulation of plant growth regulators such as cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins, auxins, abscisic acid, polyamines, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, and nitric oxide has been highlighted. Development of plant genotypes with restricted Cd uptake and reduced accumulation in edible portions by conventional and marker-assisted breeding are also presented. In this regard, use of molecular techniques including identification of QTLs, CRISPR/Cas9, and functional genomics to enhance the adverse impacts of Cd in plants may be quite helpful. The review's results should aid in the development of novel and suitable solutions for limiting Cd bioavailability and toxicity, as well as the long-term management of Cd-polluted soils, therefore reducing environmental and human health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wenting Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Wang Xiukang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nauman Ali
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Naila Farooq
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jiri Kucerik
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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9
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Qiao L, Wheeler J, Wang R, Isham K, Klassen N, Zhao W, Su M, Zhang J, Zheng J, Chen J. Novel Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Cadmium Content Identified in Hard White Spring Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:756741. [PMID: 34925407 PMCID: PMC8678907 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.756741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that can cause a variety of adverse effects on human health, including cancer. Wheat comprises approximately 20% of the human diet worldwide; therefore, reducing the concentrations of Cd in wheat grain will have significant impacts on the intake of Cd in food products. The tests for measuring the Cd content in grain are costly, and the content is affected significantly by soil pH. To facilitate breeding for low Cd content, this study sought to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and associated molecular markers that can be used in molecular breeding. One spring wheat population of 181 doubled haploid lines (DHLs), which was derived from a cross between two hard white spring wheat cultivars "UI Platinum" (UIP) and "LCS Star" (LCS), was assessed for the Cd content in grain in multiple field trials in Southeast Idaho, United States. Three major QTL regions, namely, QCd.uia2-5B, QCd.uia2-7B, and QCd.uia2-7D, were identified on chromosomes 5B, 7B, and 7D, respectively. All genes in these three QTL regions were identified from the NCBI database. However, three genes related to the uptake and transport of Cd were used in the candidate gene analysis. The sequences of TraesCS5B02G388000 (TaHMA3) in the QCd.uia2-5B region and TraesCS7B02G320900 (TaHMA2) and TraesCS7B02G322900 (TaMSRMK3) in the QCd.uia2-7B region were compared between UIP and LCS. TaHMA2 on 7B is proposed for the first time as a candidate gene for grain Cd content in wheat. A KASP marker associated with this gene was developed and it will be further validated in near-isogenic lines via a gene-editing system in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qiao
- Institute of Wheat Research, State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID, United States
| | - Justin Wheeler
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID, United States
| | - Kyle Isham
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID, United States
| | - Natalie Klassen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID, United States
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID, United States
| | - Meng Su
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID, United States
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Wheat Research, State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Jianli Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID, United States
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10
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Nayak SN, Aravind B, Malavalli SS, Sukanth BS, Poornima R, Bharati P, Hefferon K, Kole C, Puppala N. Omics Technologies to Enhance Plant Based Functional Foods: An Overview. Front Genet 2021; 12:742095. [PMID: 34858472 PMCID: PMC8631721 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.742095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional foods are natural products of plants that have health benefits beyond necessary nutrition. Functional foods are abundant in fruits, vegetables, spices, beverages and some are found in cereals, millets, pulses and oilseeds. Efforts to identify functional foods in our diet and their beneficial aspects are limited to few crops. Advances in sequencing and availability of different omics technologies have given opportunity to utilize these tools to enhance the functional components of the foods, thus ensuring the nutritional security. Integrated omics approaches including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics coupled with artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches can be used to improve the crops. This review provides insights into omics studies that are carried out to find the active components and crop improvement by enhancing the functional compounds in different plants including cereals, millets, pulses, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables, spices, beverages and medicinal plants. There is a need to characterize functional foods that are being used in traditional medicines, as well as utilization of this knowledge to improve the staple foods in order to tackle malnutrition and hunger more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spurthi N. Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - B. Aravind
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Sachin S. Malavalli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - B. S. Sukanth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - R. Poornima
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Pushpa Bharati
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Chittaranjan Kole
- President, International Phytomedomics and Nutriomics Consortium (ipnc.info), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Naveen Puppala
- New Mexico State University-Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, New Mexico, NM, United States
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11
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Qin X, Xia Y, Hu C, Yu M, Shabala S, Wu S, Tan Q, Xu S, Sun X. Ionomics analysis provides new insights into the co-enrichment of cadmium and zinc in wheat grains. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112623. [PMID: 34388658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is present in many soils and, when enter a food chain, represents a major health threat to humans. The existent large variation in grain Cd content amongst wheat genotypes opens prospects for genetic improvement for reduced Cd uptake in this species. However, selecting low-Cd-accumulating varieties comes with a possible caveat of affecting uptake other essential nutrients. In this work, we screened 134 wheat varieties in 3 various field studies and selected 15 high- and 15 low-Cd accumulating varieties in grains for ionomics analysis. Our results showed that high-Cd accumulating varieties also possessed an ability to accumulate mineral elements of calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron and zinc, while varieties with low Cd content were deficient in many essential nutrients and, especially, zinc (Zn). The above data was confirmed in an independent trail involving another 97 wheat varieties. Thus, selecting plants for high Zn accumulation (as a part of biofortification programs) resulted in an inadvertent increase in accumulation of the toxic Cd in wheat. Vice versa, selecting low Cd-accumulating varieties comes with a danger of reducing their Zn content, with major consequences to food quality and human health. We suggest that the above conundrum can be resolved by understanding the structure-function relations of various transporters isoforms involved in Zn and Cd transport and issue-specific mode of their operation, via cell-based phenotyping followed by molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Qin
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Micro-elements Research Center, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yitao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Micro-elements Research Center, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Micro-elements Research Center, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
| | - Songwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Micro-elements Research Center, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Micro-elements Research Center, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shoujun Xu
- Institute of Quality Stander and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciencs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Micro-elements Research Center, College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China.
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12
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Molecular Responses to Cadmium Exposure in Two Contrasting Durum Wheat Genotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147343. [PMID: 34298963 PMCID: PMC8306872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal that can be easily accumulated in durum wheat kernels and enter the human food chain. Two near-isogenic lines (NILs) with contrasting cadmium accumulation in grains, High-Cd or Low-Cd (H-Cd NIL and L-Cd NIL, respectively), were used to understand the Cd accumulation and transport mechanisms in durum wheat roots. Plants were cultivated in hydroponic solution, and cadmium concentrations in roots, shoots and grains were quantified. To evaluate the molecular mechanism activated in the two NILs, the transcriptomes of roots were analyzed. The observed response is complex and involves many genes and molecular mechanisms. We found that the gene sequences of two basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors (bHLH29 and bHLH38) differ between the two genotypes. In addition, the transporter Heavy Metal Tolerance 1 (HMT-1) is expressed only in the low-Cd genotype and many peroxidase genes are up-regulated only in the L-Cd NIL, suggesting ROS scavenging and root lignification as active responses to cadmium presence. Finally, we hypothesize that some aquaporins could enhance the Cd translocation from roots to shoots. The response to cadmium in durum wheat is therefore extremely complex and involves transcription factors, chelators, heavy metal transporters, peroxidases and aquaporins. All these new findings could help to elucidate the cadmium tolerance in wheat and address future breeding programs.
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13
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Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an element that is nonessential and extremely toxic to both plants and human beings. Soil contaminated with Cd has adverse impacts on crop yields and threatens human health via the food chain. Cultivation of low-Cd cultivars has been of particular interest and is one of the most cost-effective and promising approaches to minimize human dietary intake of Cd. Low-Cd crop cultivars should meet particular criteria, including acceptable yield and quality, and their edible parts should have Cd concentrations below maximum permissible concentrations for safe consumption, even when grown in Cd-contaminated soil. Several low-Cd cereal cultivars and genotypes have been developed worldwide through cultivar screening and conventional breeding. Molecular markers are powerful in facilitating the selection of low-Cd cereal cultivars. Modern molecular breeding technologies may have great potential in breeding programs for the development of low-Cd cultivars, especially when coupled with conventional breeding. In this review, we provide a synthesis of low-Cd cereal breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei-Bo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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14
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Motta-Romero H, Niyongira F, Boehm JD, Rose DJ. Effects of foliar fungicide on yield, micronutrients, and cadmium in grains from historical and modern hard winter wheat genotypes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247809. [PMID: 33662021 PMCID: PMC7932086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant breeding and disease management practices have increased the grain yield of hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) adapted to the Great Plains of the United States during the last century. However, the effect of genetic gains for seed yield and the application of fungicide on the micronutrient and cadmium (Cd) concentration in wheat grains is still unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of fungicide application on the productivity and nutritional quality of wheat cultivars representing 80 years of plant breeding efforts. Field experiments were conducted over two crop years (2017 and 2018) with eighteen hard winter wheat genotypes released between 1933 and 2013 in the presence or absence of fungicide application. For each growing season, the treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with the fungicide levels (treated and untreated) as the whole plot treatments and the genotypes as split-plot treatments in triplicate. The effects on seed yield, grain protein concentration (GPC), micronutrients, phytic acid, and Cd in grains were measured. While the yield of wheat was found to increase at annualized rates of 26.5 and 13.0 kg ha-1 yr-1 in the presence and absence of fungicide (P < 0.001), respectively, GPC (-190 and -180 mg kg-1 yr-1, P < 0.001), Fe (-35.0 and -44.0 μg kg-1 yr-1, P < 0.05), and Zn (-68.0 and -57.0 μg kg-1 yr-1, P < 0.01) significantly decreased during the period studied. In contrast to the other mineral elements, grain Cd significantly increased over time (0.4 μg kg-1 yr-1, P < 0.01) in the absence of fungicide. The results from this study are of great concern, as many mineral elements essential for human nutrition have decreased over time while the toxic heavy metal, Cd, has increased, indicating modern wheats are becoming a better vector of dietary Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollman Motta-Romero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Ferdinand Niyongira
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Boehm
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Devin J. Rose
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, United States of America
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15
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Nguyen C, Roucou A, Grignon G, Cornu JY, Méléard B. Efficient models for predicting durum wheat grain Cd conformity using soil variables and cultivars. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123131. [PMID: 32763672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of durum wheat grain by cadmium (Cd) threatens food safety and is of increasing concern because regulations concerning Cd are becoming stricter due to its toxicity. This work aimed at using soil variables and cultivar types to build models to predict whether durum wheat grain Cd will conform with current and possibly lower regulatory thresholds. We combined multiple Gaussian and logistic regressions and the random forest algorithm to take advantage of their strength. Models tested using cross-validation produced excellent performances including for the lowest regulatory threshold of 0.1 mg Cd/kg, half of the current one: 79-85% of the non-conformity cases were detected and the reliability of predictions was 69-82%. The models enabled identification of a x1.4 variability in grain Cd content between cultivars that do not have the low Cd accumulation allele of the Cdu1 gene. The models confirmed that for the grain Cd content, the between-cultivar variability had much less influence than the phytoavailability of Cd in soil, the critical contexts of which were characterized by the models. For farmers, these models are valuable tools to predict whether durum wheat production will conform with existing and future Cd regulation in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Nguyen
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, F-33140 Villenave-d'Ornon cedex, France.
| | - Agathe Roucou
- ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal, Station expérimentale, 91720 Boigneville, France
| | - Guénolé Grignon
- ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal, Station expérimentale, 91720 Boigneville, France
| | - Jean-Yves Cornu
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, F-33140 Villenave-d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Benoît Méléard
- ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal, Station expérimentale, 91720 Boigneville, France
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16
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Yotsova E, Dobrikova A, Stefanov M, Misheva S, Bardáčová M, Matušíková I, Žideková L, Blehová A, Apostolova E. Effects of cadmium on two wheat cultivars depending on different nitrogen supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:789-799. [PMID: 32877878 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution as well as improper fertilization management represent serious threats to a clean environment and healthy food. This study was conducted to investigate how nitrogen supply influences a plant's ability to cope with cadmium stress in the two wheat cultivars - the modern cv. Katya (carrier of the semi-dwarfing gene Rht8) and the old cv. Slomer. Here we examined the effects of 100 μM CdCl2 on both wheat genotypes grown hydroponically under three different nutrition regimes of 5.5, 10 and 20 mM NO3- by investigating plant growth, pigment content and the functional activity of the photosynthetic apparatus through a combination of PAM chlorophyll fluorescence, P700 photooxidation, oxygen evolution and oxidative stress markers. Data showed that the different genetic background affects the different strategies for metal uptake and allocation, as well as abilities to deal with oxidative stress. The modern cv. Katya restricts the entry of the metal to the roots, but allows its translocation to the shoots. Nevertheless, the photosynthetic performance indicated better protection, possibly mediated by the Rht8 allele. In contrast, the old cv. Slomer tolerates higher cadmium levels in roots and possesses efficient barriers against its transfer to the shoots, but still showed more impaired photosynthetic activity. In general, the impact of cadmium on the photosynthetic apparatus was most deleterious under the lowest nitrogen concentration which was applied, while the highest nitrogen supply alleviated the negative effects of cadmium. The data suggest that the modern breeding allele (Rht8), as well as a better nutrition might contribute to the tolerance to heavy metal stress in the wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Yotsova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martin Stefanov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetlana Misheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Monika Bardáčová
- University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Ecochemistry and Radioecology, Námestie J. Herdu 2, Trnava, SK-917 01, Slovak Republic
| | - Ildikó Matušíková
- University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Ecochemistry and Radioecology, Námestie J. Herdu 2, Trnava, SK-917 01, Slovak Republic
| | - Laura Žideková
- University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Department of Biochemistry, Námestie J. Herdu 2, Trnava, SK-917 01, Slovak Republic
| | - Alžbeta Blehová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 84 215, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Emilia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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17
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Tekin M, Cat A, Sönmez S, Akar T. Identification of Durum Wheat Cultivars and Their Tetraploid Relatives with Low Cadmium Content. Food Technol Biotechnol 2020; 58:49-56. [PMID: 32684787 PMCID: PMC7365341 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.01.20.6531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 71 durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum Desf.), 22 emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum L.) and 11 wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides L.) genotypes were genetically characterized to determine the alleles associated with high cadmium (Cd) content. After genotypic characterization, 14 cultivars selected among all genotypes with low and high Cd content were phenotyped by a pot experiment to verify the genotypic data. Identification of 32 durum wheat, one emmer wheat and four wild emmer genotypes showed that they have alleles associated with high Cd content, while 68 genotypes of which 39 durum wheat, 21 emmer wheat and 7 wild emmer cultivars had alleles associated with low Cd content, respectively. Moreover, phenotypic data obtained from pot experiment were similar to the molecular data. To sum up, the marker successfully classified durum wheat cultivars into either high or low accumulators and these results can be safely used in breeding programs to improve new durum wheat cultivars with alleles associated with low Cd content. Due to routine use of phosphorus fertilizers in agricultural areas and other anthropogenic factors related to Cd toxicity, new durum wheat cultivars with low Cd content should be urgently developed for safe production of macaroni or other types of wheat products for human and animal consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Tekin
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, 07059 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cat
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 07059 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sahriye Sönmez
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, 07059 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Taner Akar
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, 07059 Antalya, Turkey
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18
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Safdar LB, Almas F, Sarfraz S, Ejaz M, Ali Z, Mahmood Z, Yang L, Tehseen MM, Ikram M, Liu S, Quraishi UM. Genome-wide association study identifies five new cadmium uptake loci in wheat. THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20030. [PMID: 33016603 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a serious threat to future food security and health safety. To identify genetic factors contributing to Cd uptake in wheat, we conducted a genome-wide association study with genotyping from 90K SNP array. A spring wheat diversity panel was planted under normal conditions and Cd stress (50 mg Cd/kg soil). The impact of Cd stress on agronomic traits ranged from a reduction of 16% in plant height to 93% in grain iron content. Individual genotypes showed a considerable variation for Cd uptake and translocation subdividing the panel into three groups: (1) hyper-accumulators (i.e. high Leaf_Cd and low Seed_Cd ), (2) hyper-translocators (i.e. low Leaf_Cd and high Seed_Cd ), and (3) moderate lines (i.e. low Leaf_Cd and low Seed_Cd ). Two lines (SKD-1 and TD-1) maintained an optimum grain yield under Cd stress and were therefore considered as Cd resistant lines. Genome-wide association identified 179 SNP-trait associations for various traits including 16 for Cd uptake at a significance level of P < .001. However, only five SNPs were significant after applying multiple testing correction. These loci were associated with seed-cadmium, grain-iron, and grain-zinc: qSCd-1A, qSCd-1D, qZn-2B1, qZn-2B2, and qFe-6D. These five loci had not been identified in the previously reported studies for Cd uptake in wheat. These loci and the underlying genes should be further investigated using molecular biology techniques to identify Cd resistant genes in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqman Bin Safdar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Fakhrah Almas
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Sarfraz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ejaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zeshan Ali
- Plant Physiology Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, PO 45500, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Mahmood
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Wheat Programme, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, PO 45500, Pakistan
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | | | - Muhammad Ikram
- Statistical Genomics Lab, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Umar Masood Quraishi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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19
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Ban Y, Ishikawa G, Ueda H, Ishikawa N, Kato K, Takata K, Matsuyama M, Handa H, Nakamura T, Yanaka M. Novel quantitative trait loci for low grain cadmium concentration in common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). BREEDING SCIENCE 2020; 70:331-341. [PMID: 32714055 PMCID: PMC7372025 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.19150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is as an extremely toxic metal that can contaminate agricultural soils. To reduce the risk of Cd intake in food cereals, the development of cultivars with low grain Cd concentration (GCC) is an effective countermeasure. We analyzed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for GCC in a doubled haploid (DH) common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) population derived from 'Chugoku 165' (low GCC) × 'Chukei 10-22' (high GCC). We found novel loci for low GCC on the short arm of chromosome 4B and on the long arm of chromosome 6B. These QTLs accounted for 9.4%-25.4% (4B) and 9.0%-17.8% (6B) of the phenotypic variance in the DH population. An association analysis with 43 cultivars identified 3 loci at these QTLs: QCdc.4B-kita, QCdc.6B-kita1, and QCdc.6B-kita2. In contrast to durum wheat and barley, no QTL was detected on the chromosomes of homeologous group 5 for heavy metal P1B-type ATPase 3. These results will contribute to marker-assisted selection for low GCC in breeding of common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ban
- NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514, Japan
| | - Goro Ishikawa
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ishikawa
- NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514, Japan
| | - Keita Kato
- NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514, Japan
| | - Kanenori Takata
- NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuyama
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1533 Befu-cho, Kasai, Hyogo 679-0198, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Handa
- NARO Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nakamura
- NARO Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, 4 Akahira, Shimo-kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0198, Japan
| | - Mikiko Yanaka
- NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514, Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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20
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Durum wheat genome highlights past domestication signatures and future improvement targets. Nat Genet 2019; 51:885-895. [PMID: 30962619 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The domestication of wild emmer wheat led to the selection of modern durum wheat, grown mainly for pasta production. We describe the 10.45 gigabase (Gb) assembly of the genome of durum wheat cultivar Svevo. The assembly enabled genome-wide genetic diversity analyses revealing the changes imposed by thousands of years of empirical selection and breeding. Regions exhibiting strong signatures of genetic divergence associated with domestication and breeding were widespread in the genome with several major diversity losses in the pericentromeric regions. A locus on chromosome 5B carries a gene encoding a metal transporter (TdHMA3-B1) with a non-functional variant causing high accumulation of cadmium in grain. The high-cadmium allele, widespread among durum cultivars but undetected in wild emmer accessions, increased in frequency from domesticated emmer to modern durum wheat. The rapid cloning of TdHMA3-B1 rescues a wild beneficial allele and demonstrates the practical use of the Svevo genome for wheat improvement.
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21
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Abstract
Farmland cadmium (Cd) contamination has adverse impacts on both wheat grain yield and people’s well-being through food consumption. Safe farming using low-Cd cultivars has been proposed as a promising approach to address the farmland Cd pollution problem. To date, several dozen low-Cd wheat cultivars have been screened worldwide based on a Cd inhibition test, representing candidates for wheat Cd minimization. Unfortunately, the breeding of low-Cd wheat cultivars with desired traits or enhanced Cd exclusion has not been extensively explored. Moreover, the wheat Cd inhibition test for variety screening and conventional breeding is expensive and time-consuming. As an alternative, low-Cd wheat cultivars that were developed with molecular genetics and breeding approaches can be promising, typically by the association of marker-assisted selection (MAS) with conventional breeding practices. In this review, we provide a synthetics view of the background and knowledge basis for the breeding of low-Cd wheat cultivars.
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Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Novel Genomic Regions Associated with 10 Grain Minerals in Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103237. [PMID: 30347689 PMCID: PMC6214031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW; Triticum durum L. × Aegilopstauschii Coss.) is a means of introducing novel genes/genomic regions into bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) and a potential genetic resource for improving grain mineral concentrations. We quantified 10 grain minerals (Ca, Cd, Cu, Co, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn) using an inductively coupled mass spectrometer in 123 SHWs for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A GWAS with 35,648 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers identified 92 marker-trait associations (MTAs), of which 60 were novel and 40 were within genes, and the genes underlying 20 MTAs had annotations suggesting a potential role in grain mineral concentration. Twenty-four MTAs on the D-genome were novel and showed the potential of Ae. tauschii for improving grain mineral concentrations such as Ca, Co, Cu, Li, Mg, Mn, and Ni. Interestingly, the large number of novel MTAs (36) identified on the AB genome of these SHWs indicated that there is a lot of variation yet to be explored and to be used in the A and B genome along with the D-genome. Regression analysis identified a positive correlation between a cumulative number of favorable alleles at MTA loci in a genotype and grain mineral concentration. Additionally, we identified multi-traits and stable MTAs and recommended 13 top 10% SHWs with a higher concentration of beneficial grain minerals (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn), a large number of favorable alleles compared to low ranking genotypes and checks that could be utilized in the breeding program for the genetic biofortification. This study will further enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of grain minerals in wheat and related cereals.
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Aprile A, Sabella E, Vergine M, Genga A, Siciliano M, Nutricati E, Rampino P, De Pascali M, Luvisi A, Miceli A, Negro C, De Bellis L. Activation of a gene network in durum wheat roots exposed to cadmium. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:238. [PMID: 30326849 PMCID: PMC6192290 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among cereals, durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) accumulates cadmium (Cd) at higher concentration if grown in Cd-polluted soils. Since cadmium accumulation is a risk for human health, the international trade organizations have limited the acceptable concentration of Cd in edible crops. Therefore, durum wheat cultivars accumulating low cadmium in grains should be preferred by farmers and consumers. To identify the response of durum wheat to the presence of Cd, the transcriptomes of roots and shoots of Creso and Svevo cultivars were sequenced after a 50-day exposure to 0.5 μM Cd in hydroponic solution. RESULTS No phytotoxic effects or biomass reduction was observed in Creso and Svevo plants at this Cd concentration. Despite this null effect, cadmium was accumulated in root tissues, in shoots and in grains suggesting a good cadmium translocation rate among tissues. The mRNA sequencing revealed a general transcriptome rearrangement after Cd treatment and more than 7000 genes were found differentially expressed in root and shoot tissues. Among these, the up-regulated genes in roots showed a clear correlation with cadmium uptake and detoxification. In particular, about three hundred genes were commonly up-regulated in Creso and Svevo roots suggesting a well defined molecular strategy characterized by the transcriptomic activation of several transcription factors mainly belonging to bHLH and WRKY families. bHLHs are probably the activators of the strong up-regulation of three NAS genes, responsible for the synthesis of the phytosiderophore nicotianamine (NA). Moreover, we found the overall up-regulation of the methionine salvage pathway that is tightly connected with NA synthesis and supply the S-adenosyl methionine necessary for NA biosynthesis. Finally, several vacuolar NA chelating heavy metal transporters were vigorously activated. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the exposure of durum wheat to cadmium activates in roots a complex gene network involved in cadmium translocation and detoxification from heavy metals. These findings are confident with a role of nicotianamine and methionine salvage pathway in the accumulation of cadmium in durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Aprile
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Sabella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marzia Vergine
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Genga
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Siciliano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Eliana Nutricati
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rampino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria De Pascali
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Miceli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Carmine Negro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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24
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Mengist MF, Alves S, Griffin D, Creedon J, McLaughlin MJ, Jones PW, Milbourne D. Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for tuber-cadmium and zinc concentration in potato reveals associations with maturity and both overlapping and independent components of genetic control. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:929-945. [PMID: 29307117 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-3048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cd is a toxic metal, whilst Zn is an essential for plant and human health. Both can accumulate in potato tubers. We examine the genetic control of this process. The aim of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) influencing tuber concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn). We developed a segregating population comprising 188 F1 progeny derived from crossing two tetraploid cultivars exhibiting divergent tuber-Cd-accumulation phenotypes. These progeny were genotyped using the SolCap 8303 SNP array, and evaluated for Cd, Zn, and maturity-related traits. Linkage and QTL mapping were performed using TetraploidSNPMap software, which incorporates all allele dosage information. The final genetic map comprised 3755 SNP markers with average marker density of 2.94 per cM. Tuber-Cd and Zn concentrations were measured in the segregating population over 2 years. QTL mapping identified four loci for tuber-Cd concentration on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 7, which explained genetic variance ranging from 5 to 33%, and five loci for tuber-Zn concentration on chromosome 1, 3, 5, and, 6 explaining from 5 to 38% of genetic variance. Among the QTL identified for tuber-Cd concentration, three loci coincided with tuber-Zn concentration. The largest effect QTL for both tuber-Cd and Zn concentration coincided with the maturity locus on chromosome 5 where earliness was associated with increased tuber concentration of both metals. Coincident minor-effect QTL for Cd and Zn sharing the same direction of effect was also found on chromosomes 3 and 6, and these were unrelated to maturity The results indicate partially overlapping genetic control of tuber-Cd and Zn concentration in the cross, involving both maturity-related and non-maturity-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molla F Mengist
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sheila Alves
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
| | - Denis Griffin
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
| | - Joanne Creedon
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Jonhstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Mike J McLaughlin
- Soil Science Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1 Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Peter W Jones
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dan Milbourne
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland.
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25
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Identification and Validation of a New Source of Low Grain Cadmium Accumulation in Durum Wheat. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:923-932. [PMID: 29352079 PMCID: PMC5844312 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that has no known biological function and is toxic for many living organisms. The maximum level of Cd concentration allowed in the international market for wheat grain is 0.2 mg kg−1. Because phenotyping for Cd uptake is expensive and time consuming, molecular markers associated with genes conferring low Cd uptake would expedite selection and lead to the development of durum cultivars with reduced Cd concentrations. Here, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a novel low Cd uptake locus in the durum experimental line D041735, which has hexaploid common wheat in its pedigree. Genetic analysis revealed a single major QTL for Cd uptake on chromosome arm 5BL within a 0.3 cM interval flanked by SNP markers. Analysis of the intervening sequence revealed a gene with homology to an aluminum-induced protein as a candidate gene. Validation and allelism tests revealed that the low Cd uptake gene identified in this study is different from the closely linked Cdu1-B gene, which also resides on 5BL. This study therefore showed that the durum experimental line D041735 contains a novel low Cd uptake gene that was likely acquired from hexaploid wheat.
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26
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Garcia-Oliveira AL, Chander S, Ortiz R, Menkir A, Gedil M. Genetic Basis and Breeding Perspectives of Grain Iron and Zinc Enrichment in Cereals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:937. [PMID: 30013590 PMCID: PMC6036604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency, also known as "hidden hunger," is an increasingly serious global challenge to humankind. Among the mineral elements, Fe (Iron) and Zn (Zinc) have earned recognition as micronutrients of outstanding and diverse biological relevance, as well as of clinical importance to global public health. The inherently low Fe and Zn content and poor bioavailability in cereal grains seems to be at the root of these mineral nutrient deficiencies, especially in the developing world where cereal-based diets are the most important sources of calories. The emerging physiological and molecular understanding of the uptake of Fe and Zn and their translocation in cereal grains regrettably also indicates accumulation of other toxic metals, with chemically similar properties, together with these mineral elements. This review article emphasizes breeding to develop bioavailable Fe- and Zn-efficient cereal cultivars to overcome malnutrition while minimizing the risks of toxic metals. We attempt to critically examine the genetic diversity regarding these nutritionally important traits as well as the progress in terms of quantitative genetics. We sought to integrate findings from the rhizosphere with Fe and Zn accumulation in grain, and to discuss the promoters as well as the anti-nutritional factors affecting Fe and Zn bioavailability in humans while restricting the content of toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Garcia-Oliveira
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Ana Luisa Garcia-Oliveira
| | - Subhash Chander
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Rodomiro Ortiz
| | - Abebe Menkir
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Melaku Gedil
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
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27
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Vergine M, Aprile A, Sabella E, Genga A, Siciliano M, Rampino P, Lenucci MS, Luvisi A, Bellis LD. Cadmium Concentration in Grains of Durum Wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6240-6246. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Vergine
- Department of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessio Aprile
- Department of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Sabella
- Department of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Genga
- Department of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Siciliano
- Department of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rampino
- Department of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Department of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Department of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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28
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She M, Wang J, Wang X, Yin G, Wang K, Du L, Ye X. Comprehensive molecular analysis of arginase-encoding genes in common wheat and its progenitor species. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6641. [PMID: 28747704 PMCID: PMC5529354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase (ARG) contributes to nitrogen remobilization by conversion of arginine to ornithine and urea. However, wheat ARG genes have not yet been identified. Here we isolated and characterized ARG genes from wheat and its progenitor species and found that a single copy was present in wheat progenitors. Three common wheat ARG genes of TaARG-2AS, TaARG-2BS, and TaARG-2DS were experimentally assigned to the short arms of the group 2 chromosomes. We found an in-frame stop codon in TaARG-2AS, but not in the other two genes. The highest expression was detected in stems and sheaths for TaARG-2BS and in leaves for TaARG-2DS. Both genes have similar expression trend in different developmental stages, peaking at booting and grain filling stages. TaARG-2BS transcript was induced by high salinity and drought, whereas TaARG-2DS was induced by drought only, but neither of them were induced by low temperature. In addition, both genes showed analogous expression pattern upon powdery mildew (PM) infection in the resistant line Pm97033, with TaARG-2BS induced greatly at 72 h post PM infection. In contrast, no obvious transcripts were accumulated for TaARG-2DS in the PM susceptible line Wan7107. Monocot ARGs have more conserved mitochondrion-targeting signals and are more evolutionarily conserved than dicot ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyun She
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China.,Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xinmin Wang
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Guixiang Yin
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Lipu Du
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China.
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29
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Macfie SM, Bahrami S, McGarvey BD. Differential accumulation of cadmium in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat: no role for phytochelatins. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 22:461-472. [PMID: 27924119 PMCID: PMC5120040 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-016-0383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Certain cultivars of some crops, including durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), have a propensity to accumulate cadmium in the grain. In the 1980s, a Canadian wheat breeding program generated five pairs of near-isogenic lines of durum wheat that vary in cadmium-accumulation. Within each pair, one member accumulates twofold to threefold higher concentrations of cadmium in the shoot and grain. However, the physiological explanation for the high-low phenotype is unknown. We studied correlations between concentrations of cadmium and non-protein thiols, including phytochelatins, in these five pairs of near-isogenic lines to test the hypothesis that differential retention of cadmium-binding complexes in the root would explain the phenotype. The expected high-low pattern of cadmium accumulation was found in three of the pairs. In one pair, cadmium was positively correlated with cysteine and glutathione in the roots and with phytochelatins 2 and 4 in the shoots but in another pair cadmium was strongly negatively correlated with phytochelatins 2 and 4 in the shoots and unrelated to cysteine or glutathione. No correlations between concentrations of cadmium and the non-protein thiols were found in the third pair or in the remaining two pairs. The production of phytochelatins is a well-described response to cadmium but the lack of consistent correlation between cadmium and non-protein thiols in these five near-isogenic lines indicates that complexation with non-protein thiols does not explain differential translocation of cadmium in durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M. Macfie
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Shirin Bahrami
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Brian D. McGarvey
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St., London, ON N5V 4T3 Canada
- Southwest University for Nationalities, No. 16, South 4th Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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30
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Rizwan M, Ali S, Abbas T, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Hannan F, Keller C, Al-Wabel MI, Ok YS. Cadmium minimization in wheat: A critical review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 130:43-53. [PMID: 27062345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its subsequent transfer to food chain is a major environmental issue worldwide. Understanding wheat response to Cd stress and its management for aiming to reduce Cd uptake and accumulation in wheat may help to improve wheat growth and grain quality. This paper reviewed the toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management of Cd stress in wheat. It was concluded that Cd decreased germination, growth, mineral nutrients, photosynthesis and grain yield of wheat and plant response to Cd toxicity varies with cultivars, growth conditions and duration of stress applied. Cadmium caused oxidative stress and genotoxicity in wheat plants. Stimulation of antioxidant defense system, osmoregulation, ion homeostasis and over production of signalling molecules are important adaptive strategies of wheat under Cd stress. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators, inorganic amendments, proper fertilization, silicon, and organic, manures and biochar, amendments are commonly used for the reduction of Cd uptake in wheat. Selection of low Cd-accumulating wheat cultivars, crop rotation, soil type, and exogenous application of microbes are among the other agronomic practices successfully employed in reducing Cd uptake by wheat. These management practices could enhance wheat tolerance to Cd stress and reduce the transfer of Cd to the food chain. However, their long-term sustainability in reducing Cd uptake by wheat needs further assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Fakhir Hannan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Catherine Keller
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34, 13545 Aix en Provence, France
| | - Mohammad I Al-Wabel
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center and Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
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31
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Quantitative Trait Loci and Inter-Organ Partitioning for Essential Metal and Toxic Analogue Accumulation in Barley. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153392. [PMID: 27078500 PMCID: PMC4831800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentrations of both essential nutrients and chemically similar toxic analogues accumulated in cereal grains have a major impact on the nutritional quality and safety of crops. Naturally occurring genetic diversity can be exploited for the breeding of improved varieties through introgression lines (ILs). In this study, multi-element analysis was conducted on vegetative leaves, senesced flag leaves and mature grains of a set of 54 ILs of the wild ancestral Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum in the cultivated variety Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare cv. Scarlett. Plants were cultivated on an anthropogenically heavy metal-contaminated soil collected in an agricultural field, thus allowing simultaneous localization of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the accumulation of both essential nutrients and toxic trace elements in barley as a model cereal crop. For accumulation of the micronutrients Fe and Zn and the interfering toxin Cd, we identified 25, 16 and 5 QTL, respectively. By examining the gene content of the introgressions, we associated QTL with candidate genes based on homology to known metal homeostasis genes of Arabidopsis and rice. Global comparative analyses suggested the preferential remobilization of Cu and Fe, over Cd, from the flag leaf to developing grains. Our data identifies grain micronutrient filling as a regulated and nutrient-specific process, which operates differently from vegetative micronutrient homoeostasis. In summary, this study provides novel QTL for micronutrient accumulation in the presence of toxic analogues and supports a higher degree of metal specificity of trace element partitioning during grain filling in barley than previously reported for other cereals.
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32
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Qin P, Wang L, Liu K, Mao S, Li Z, Gao S, Shi H, Liu Y. Genomewide association study of Aegilops tauschii traits under seedling-stage cadmium stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
An ordered draft sequence of the 17-gigabase hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome has been produced by sequencing isolated chromosome arms. We have annotated 124,201 gene loci distributed nearly evenly across the homeologous chromosomes and subgenomes. Comparative gene analysis of wheat subgenomes and extant diploid and tetraploid wheat relatives showed that high sequence similarity and structural conservation are retained, with limited gene loss, after polyploidization. However, across the genomes there was evidence of dynamic gene gain, loss, and duplication since the divergence of the wheat lineages. A high degree of transcriptional autonomy and no global dominance was found for the subgenomes. These insights into the genome biology of a polyploid crop provide a springboard for faster gene isolation, rapid genetic marker development, and precise breeding to meet the needs of increasing food demand worldwide.
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34
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Gaur R, Bhatia S, Gupta M. Generation of expressed sequence tags under cadmium stress for gene discovery and development of molecular markers in chickpea. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:955-72. [PMID: 24414095 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea is the world's third most important legume crop and belongs to Fabaceae family but suffered from severe yield loss due to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Development of modern genomic tools such as molecular markers and identification of resistant genes associated with these stresses facilitate improvement in chickpea breeding towards abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, 1597 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from a cDNA library of variety Pusa 1105 root tissue after cadmium (Cd) treatment. Assembly of ESTs resulted in a total of 914 unigenes of which putative homology was obtained for 38.8 % of unigenes after BLASTX search. In terms of species distribution, majority of sequences found similarity with Medicago truncatula followed by Glycine max, Vitis vinifera and Populus trichocarpa and Pisum sativum sequences. Functional annotation was assigned using Blast2Go, and the Gene Ontology (GO) terms were categorized into biological process, molecular function and cellular component. Approximately 10.83 % of unigenes were assigned at least one GO term. Moreover, in the distribution of transcripts into various biological pathways, 20 of the annotated transcripts were assigned to ten pathways in KEGG database. A majority of the genes were found to be involved in sulphur and nitrogen metabolism. In the quantitative real-time PCR analysis, five of the transcription factors and three of the transporter genes were found to be highly expressed after Cd treatment. Besides, the utility of ESTs was demonstrated by exploiting them for the development of 83 genic molecular markers including EST-simple sequence repeats and intron targeted polymorphism that would assist in tagging of genes related to metal stress for future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gaur
- Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India,
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35
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36
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Singh AK, Knox RE, Clarke JM, Clarke FR, Singh A, DePauw RM, Cuthbert RD. Genetics of pre-harvest sprouting resistance in a cross of Canadian adapted durum wheat genotypes. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2014; 33:919-929. [PMID: 24659906 PMCID: PMC3956934 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-013-0006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe losses attributable to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) have been reported in Canada in recent years. The genetics of PHS resistance have been more extensively studied in hexaploid wheat and generally not using combinations of elite agronomic parents. The objective of our research was to understand the genetic nature of PHS resistance in an elite durum cross. A doubled haploid (DH) population and checks were phenotyped in replicated trials for grain yield and PHS traits over 3 years in western Canada. The response of intact spikes to sprouting conditions, sampled over two development time points, was measured in a rain simulation chamber. The DH population was genotyped with simple sequence repeat and Diversity Arrays Technology markers. Genotypes were a significant source of variation for grain yield and PHS resistance traits in each tested environment. Transgressive segregant DH genotypes were identified for grain yield and PHS resistance measurements. Low or no correlation was detected between grain yield and PHS, while correlation between PHS resistance measurements was moderate. The heritability of PHS resistance was moderate and higher than grain yield. Significant quantitative trait loci with small effect were detected on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 5B, 7A and 7B. Both parents contributed to the PHS resistance. Promising DH genotypes with high and stable grain yield as well as PHS resistance were identified, suggesting that grain yield and PHS can be improved simultaneously in elite genetic materials, and that these DH genotypes will be useful parental material for durum breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Singh
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK Canada
- Present Address: Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - R. E. Knox
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK Canada
| | - J. M. Clarke
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - F. R. Clarke
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK Canada
| | - A. Singh
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK Canada
- Present Address: Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - R. M. DePauw
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK Canada
| | - R. D. Cuthbert
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK Canada
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Harris NS, Taylor GJ. Cadmium uptake and partitioning in durum wheat during grain filling. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:103. [PMID: 23856013 PMCID: PMC3726410 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concentrations of cadmium (Cd) in the grain of many durum wheats (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) grown in North American prairie soils often exceed international trade standards. Genotypic differences in root-to-shoot translocation of Cd are a major determinant of intraspecific variation in the accumulation of Cd in grain. We tested the extent to which changes in whole-plant Cd accumulation and the distribution of Cd between tissues influences Cd accumulation in grain by measuring Cd accumulation throughout the grain filling period in two near-isogenic lines (NILs) of durum wheat that differ in grain Cd accumulation. RESULTS Roots absorbed Cd and transported it to the shoots throughout the grain filling period, but the low- and high-Cd NILs did not differ in whole-plant Cd uptake. Although the majority of Cd accumulation was retained in the roots, the low- and high-Cd NILs differed substantively in root-to-shoot translocation of Cd. At grain maturity, accumulation of Cd in the shoots was 13% (low-Cd NIL) or 37% (high-Cd NIL) of whole-plant Cd accumulation. Accumulation of Cd in all shoot tissue, including grain, was at least 2-fold greater in the high-Cd NIL at all harvests. There was no net remobilization of shoot Cd pools during grain filling. The timing of Cd accumulation in grain was positively correlated with grain biomass accumulation, and the rate of grain filling peaked between 14 and 28 days post-anthesis, when both NILs accumulated 60% of total grain biomass and 61-66% of total grain Cd content. CONCLUSIONS These results show that genotypic variation in root-to-shoot translocation of Cd controls accumulation of Cd in durum wheat grain. Continued uptake of Cd by roots and the absence of net remobilization of Cd from leaves during grain filling support a direct pathway of Cd transport from roots to grain via xylem-to-phloem transfer in the stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil S Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Gregory J Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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38
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Xu L, Wang L, Gong Y, Dai W, Wang Y, Zhu X, Wen T, Liu L. Genetic linkage map construction and QTL mapping of cadmium accumulation in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2012; 125:659-70. [PMID: 22491896 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-1858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread soil pollutant and poses a significant threat to human health via the food chain. Large phenotypic variations in Cd concentration of radish roots and shoots have been observed. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation in radish remain to be elucidated. In this study, a genetic linkage map was constructed using an F(2) mapping population derived from a cross between a high Cd-accumulating cultivar NAU-Dysx and a low Cd-accumulating cultivar NAU-Yh. The linkage map consisted of 523 SRAP, RAPD, SSR, ISSR, RAMP, and RGA markers and had a total length of 1,678.2 cM with a mean distance of 3.4 cM between two markers. All mapped markers distributed on nine linkage groups (LGs) having sizes between 134.7 and 236.8 cM. Four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for root Cd accumulation were mapped on LGs 1, 4, 6, and 9, which accounted for 9.86 to 48.64 % of all phenotypic variance. Two QTLs associated with shoot Cd accumulation were detected on LG1 and 3, which accounted for 17.08 and 29.53 % of phenotypic variance, respectively. A major-effect QTL, qRCd9 (QTL for root Cd accumulation on LG9), was identified on LG 9 flanked by NAUrp011_754 and EM5me6_286 markers with a high LOD value of 23.6, which accounted for 48.64 % of the total phenotypic variance in Cd accumulation of F(2) lines. The results indicated that qRCd9 is a novel QTL responsible for controlling root Cd accumulation in radish, and the identification of specific molecular markers tightly linked to the major QTL could be further applied for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in low-Cd content radish breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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39
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Quinn CJ, Mohammad A, Macfie SM. Accumulation of cadmium in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum): the role of transpiration. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 17:317-25. [PMID: 23573025 PMCID: PMC3550593 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-011-0086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of cadmium in the grain of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) are often above the internationally acceptable limit of 0.2 mg kg(-1). Cultivars that vary in concentrations of cadmium in the grain have been identified but the physiology behind differential accumulation has not been determined. Three pairs of near-isogenic lines (isolines) of durum wheat that vary in aboveground cadmium accumulation (8982-TL 'high' and 'low', W9260-BC 'high' and 'low', and W9261-BG 'high' and 'low') were used to test the hypothesis that the greater amounts of cadmium in shoots of the 'high' isolines are correlated with greater volumes of water transpired. In general, cadmium content was positively correlated with transpiration only in the 'low' isolines. Although shoots of the 'high' isolines of W9260-BC and W9261-BG contained higher concentrations of cadmium than did their corresponding 'low' isolines, they did not transpire larger volumes of water. In addition, isolines of 8982-TL transpired less water than did the other pairs of isolines yet both 'high' and 'low' isolines of 8982-TL contained higher amounts of cadmium than did the other pairs. The difference between 'high' and 'low' isolines appears to be related to the relative contribution of transpiration to cadmium translocation to the shoot. Increased transpiration was associated with increased cadmium content in the 'low' isolines but in the 'high' isolines increased cadmium in the shoot occurred independently of the volume of water transpired.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Quinn
- />Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada N6A 5B7
- />Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON Canada K9J 7B8
| | - A. Mohammad
- />Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada N6A 5B7
- />Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada N6A 5B7
| | - S. M. Macfie
- />Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada N6A 5B7
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Wiebe K, Harris NS, Faris JD, Clarke JM, Knox RE, Taylor GJ, Pozniak CJ. Targeted mapping of Cdu1, a major locus regulating grain cadmium concentration in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 121:1047-58. [PMID: 20559817 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Some durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) cultivars have the genetic propensity to accumulate cadmium (Cd) in the grain. A major gene controlling grain Cd concentration designated as Cdu1 has been reported on 5B, but the genetic factor(s) conferring the low Cd phenotype are currently unknown. The objectives of this study were to saturate the chromosomal region harboring Cdu1 with newly developed PCR-based markers and to investigate the colinearity of this wheat chromosomal region with rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Brachypodium distachyon genomes. Genetic mapping of markers linked to Cdu1 in a population of recombinant inbred substitution lines revealed that the gene(s) associated with variation in Cd concentration resides in wheat bin 5BL9 between fraction breakpoints 0.76 and 0.79. Genetic mapping and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of grain Cd concentration was performed in 155 doubled haploid lines from the cross W9262-260D3 (low Cd) by Kofa (high Cd) revealed two expressed sequence tag markers (ESMs) and one sequence tagged site (STS) marker that co-segregated with Cdu1 and explained >80% of the phenotypic variation in grain Cd concentration. A second, minor QTL for grain Cd concentration was also identified on 5B, 67 cM proximal to Cdu1. The Cdu1 interval spans 286 kbp of rice chromosome 3 and 282 kbp of Brachypodium chromosome 1. The markers and rice and Brachypodium colinearity described here represent tools that will assist in the positional cloning of Cdu1 and can be used to select for low Cd accumulation in durum wheat breeding programs targeting this trait. The isolation of Cdu1 will further our knowledge of Cd accumulation in cereals as well as metal accumulation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wiebe
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Center, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
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Jegadeesan S, Yu K, Poysa V, Gawalko E, Morrison MJ, Shi C, Cober E. Mapping and validation of simple sequence repeat markers linked to a major gene controlling seed cadmium accumulation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 121:283-94. [PMID: 20224890 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Daily consumption of cadmium (Cd) contaminated foods poses a risk to human health. Cultivar selection is an important method to limit Cd uptake and accumulation; however, analyzing grain Cd concentration is costly and time-consuming. Developing markers for low Cd accumulation will facilitate marker assisted selection (MAS). Inheritance studies using a threshold value of 0.2 mg kg(-1) for low and high and an F(2:3) population showed that low Cd accumulation in soybean seed is under the control of a major gene (Cda1, proposed name) with the allele for low accumulation being dominant. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (F(6:8)) derived from the cross AC Hime (high Cd accumulation) and Westag-97 (low Cd accumulation) was used to identify the DNA markers linked to Cda gene(s) or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling low Cd accumulation. We screened 171 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers that showed polymorphism between parents on the 166 RILs. Of these, 40 primers were newly developed from the soybean genomic DNA sequence. Seven SSR markers, SatK138, SatK139, SatK140 (0.5 cM), SatK147, SacK149, SaatK150 and SattK152 (0.3 cM), were linked to Cda1 in soybean seed. All the linked markers were mapped to the same linkage group (LG) K. The closest flanking SSR markers linked to Cda1 were validated using a parallel population (RILs) involving Leo x Westag-97. Linked markers were also validated with diverse soybean genotypes differing in their seed Cd concentration and showed that SSR markers SatK147, SacK149, and SattK152 clearly differentiated the high and low Cd accumulating genotypes tested. To treat Cd uptake as a quantitative trait, QTL analysis using a linkage map constructed with 161 markers identified a major QTL associated with low Cd concentration in the seeds. The QTL was also mapped to the same location as Cda1 on LG-K. This QTL accounted for 57.3% of the phenotypic variation. Potential candidate genes (genes with known or predicted function that could influence the seed Cd concentration) like protein kinase, putative Adagio-like protein, and plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase were found to be located in the locus of interest. Of the four SSR markers located in the region, SattK152 was localized in the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase gene. SSR markers closely linked to Cda1 in seeds of soybean were identified and have potential to be used for MAS to develop low Cd accumulating cultivars in a breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souframanien Jegadeesan
- Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2585 County Road 20, Harrow, Ontario, Canada
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Ishikawa S, Abe T, Kuramata M, Yamaguchi M, Ando T, Yamamoto T, Yano M. A major quantitative trait locus for increasing cadmium-specific concentration in rice grain is located on the short arm of chromosome 7. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:923-34. [PMID: 20022924 PMCID: PMC2814118 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Large phenotypic variations in the cadmium (Cd) concentration of rice grains and shoots have been observed. However, the genetic control of Cd accumulation remains poorly understood. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) determining the grain Cd concentration of rice grown in a Cd-polluted paddy field were identified. Using a mapping population consisting of 85 backcross inbred lines derived from a cross between the low-Cd-accumulating cultivar Sasanishiki (japonica) and high-Cd-accumulating cultivar Habataki (indica), two QTLs for increasing grain Cd concentration were found on chromosomes 2 and 7. A major-effect QTL, qGCd7 (QTL for grain Cd on chromosome 7), was detected on the short arm of chromosome 7. It accounted for 35.5% of all phenotypic variance in backcross inbred lines. qGCd7 was not genetically related to any QTLs for concentrations of essential trace metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) or those for agronomic traits such as heading date, suggesting that this QTL is specific to Cd. Furthermore, the existence of qGCd7 was confirmed using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) and an F(2) population from a cross between the target CSSL and Sasanishiki grown in a Cd-polluted paddy soil. To our knowledge, qGCd7 is a novel QTL with major effects for increasing grain Cd concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Ishikawa
- Soil Environment Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan.
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