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Biscotti P, Del Bo' C, Carvalho C, Torres D, Reboul E, Pellegrini B, Vinelli V, Polito A, Censi L, Porrini M, Martini D, Riso P. Can the Substitution of Milk with Plant-Based Drinks Affect Health-Related Markers? A Systematic Review of Human Intervention Studies in Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112603. [PMID: 37299566 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of plant-based drinks (PBDs) in substitution for cow's milk (CM) is increasing due to concerns for human and planet health and animal welfare. The present review aims to analyze the main findings from intervention trials investigating the effect of PBDs in comparison with CM on markers of human health. Suitable articles published up to July 2022 were sourced from PubMed and Scopus databases. A total of 29 papers were collected, with 27 focusing on soy drinks (1 of which also evaluated the effects of an almond drink), while only 2 focused on rice drinks. Among studies focused on soy drinks, the most investigated factors were anthropometric parameters (n = 13), the lipid profile (n = 8), markers of inflammation and/or oxidative stress (n = 7), glucose and insulin responses (n = 6) and blood pressure (n = 4). Despite some evidence of a beneficial effect of PBDs, especially for the lipid profile, it was not possible to draw any overall conclusions due to some conflicting results. As well as the low number of studies, a wide heterogeneity was found in terms of the characteristics of subjects, duration and markers, which reduces the strength of the available results. In conclusion, further studies are needed to better elucidate the effects of substituting CM with PBDs, especially in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Biscotti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Catarina Carvalho
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Duarte Torres
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emmanuelle Reboul
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, INSERM, C2VN, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Beatrice Pellegrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vinelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Polito
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Censi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Zeng Z, Centner C, Gollhofer A, König D. Effects of Dietary Strategies on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Review of Human Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040542. [PMID: 33807377 PMCID: PMC8066171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustive exercise can induce excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may enhance oxidative stress levels. Although physiological levels are crucial for optimal cell signaling and exercise adaptations, higher concentrations have been demonstrated to damage macromolecules and thus facilitate detrimental effects. Besides single dosages of antioxidants, whole diets rich in antioxidants are gaining more attention due to their practicality and multicomponent ingredients. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of research on this topic and present recent advances regarding the antioxidant effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans. The following electronic databases were searched from inception to February 2021: PubMed, Scope and Web of Science. Twenty-eight studies were included in this narrative review and demonstrated the scavenging effects of exercise-induced ROS generation, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and antioxidant capacity, with only one study not confirming such positive effects. Although the literature is still scarce about the effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress, the majority of the studies demonstrated favorable effects. Nevertheless, the protocols are still very heterogeneous and further systematically designed studies are needed to strengthen the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (C.C.); (A.G.)
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Christoph Centner
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (C.C.); (A.G.)
- Praxisklinik Rennbahn, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Daniel König
- Centre of Sports Science, Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Zeng HJ, Wang SS, Sun LJ, Miao M, Yang R. Investigation on the effect of three isoflavones on the fibrillation of hen egg-white lysozyme. J Mol Recognit 2021; 34:e2889. [PMID: 33646596 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the effects of three isoflavones including daidzein, genistein, and puerarin on fibrillation of hen egg-white lysozyme were investigated by various analytical methods. The results demonstrated that all isoflavones could effectively inhibit the fibrillogenesis of hen egg-white lysozyme and destabilized the preformed fibrils of hen egg-white lysozyme in a dose-dependent manner. To further understand the inhibition mechanism, molecular modeling was carried out. The docking results demonstrated that the isoflavones could bind to two key fibrogenic sites in hen egg-white lysozyme through van der Waals force, electrostatic forces, and hydrogen bonding, as well as σ-π stacking. By these means, isoflavones could not only obviously enhance the hydrophobicity of the binding sites, but also greatly stabilize the native state of HEWL, which was able to postpone the fibrosis process of hen egg-white lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jin Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Sun
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Miao
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Yang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Effects of soy intake on circulating levels of TNF-α and interleukin-6: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:581-601. [PMID: 33399974 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pro-inflammatory mediators, including serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), can be used as biomarkers to indicate or monitor disease. This study was designed to ascertain the effects of soy products on TNF-α and IL-6 levels. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to November 2019 for RCTs around the effects of soy-based products on TNF-α and IL-6. A random effects model was used to calculate overall effect size. RESULTS In total, 29 eligible publications were considered in the present systematic review, of which 25 were included in this meta-analysis. The overall effect of soy products on TNF-α and IL-6 levels failed to reach statistical significance (MD = - 0.07; 95% CI - 0.22-0.09; I2 50.9; MD = 0.03; 95% CI - 0.07-0.14; I2 42.1, respectively). According to a subgroup analysis, natural soy products led to a reduction in TNF-α concentration compared with processed soy products (MD = - 0.32; 95% CI - 0.45 to - 0.19; I2 0.0). Moreover, IL-6 reduction was stronger in participants who were affected by different diseases (MD = - 0.04; 95% CI - 0.07 to - 0.02; I2 0.0). CONCLUSIONS A review of RCTs published to November 2019 found that natural soy products are effective in lowering TNF-α levels. While the beneficial effects on reduction of IL-6 appeared stronger in individuals affected by different diseases, this finding cannot be generalized to all individuals affected by different diseases.
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Oxfeldt M, Dalgaard LB, Risikesan J, Johansen FT, Hansen M. Influence of Fermented Red Clover Extract on Skeletal Muscle in Early Postmenopausal Women: A Double-Blinded Cross-Over Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3587. [PMID: 33238442 PMCID: PMC7700192 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate effects of supplementation with a fermented red clover (RC) extract on signaling proteins related to muscle protein synthesis and breakdown at rest and in response to a resistance exercise bout. Methods: Ten postmenopausal women completed a double-blinded cross-over trial with two different intervention periods performed in random order: (A) RC extract twice daily for 14 days, and (B) placebo drink twice daily for 14 days. The intervention periods were separated by a two-week washout period. After each intervention period a muscle tissue sample was obtained before and three hours after a one-legged resistance exercise bout. Muscle strength was assessed before and after each intervention period. Results: Protein expression of FOXO1 and FOXO3a, two key transcription factors involved in protein degradation, were significantly lower and HSP27, a protein involved in cell protection and prevention of protein aggregation was significantly higher following RC extract compared to placebo. No significant treatment × time interaction was observed for muscle protein expression in response to exercise. However, p-mTOR, p-p70S6k and HSP90 protein content were significantly increased in response to exercise in both groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that RC extract supplementation downregulates molecular markers of muscle protein degradation compared to placebo in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Oxfeldt
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (M.O.); (L.B.D.); (F.T.J.)
| | - Line Barner Dalgaard
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (M.O.); (L.B.D.); (F.T.J.)
| | - Jeyanthini Risikesan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Diabetes and Hormones Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Frank Ted Johansen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (M.O.); (L.B.D.); (F.T.J.)
| | - Mette Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (M.O.); (L.B.D.); (F.T.J.)
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Rizzo G. The Antioxidant Role of Soy and Soy Foods in Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070635. [PMID: 32708394 PMCID: PMC7402135 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress seems to play a role in many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and some cancers. Research is always looking for effective approaches in the prevention and treatment of these pathologies with safe strategies. Given the central role of nutrition, the identification of beneficial healthy foods can be the best key to having a safe and at the same time effective approach. Soy has always aroused great scientific interest but often this attention is galvanized by the interaction with estrogen receptors and related consequences on health. However, soy, soy foods, and soy bioactive substances seem to have antioxidant properties, suggesting their role in quenching reactive oxygen species, although it was frequently mentioned but not studied in depth. The purpose of this review is to summarize the scientific evidence of the antioxidant properties of soy by identifying the human clinical trials available in the literature. A total of 58 manuscripts were individuated through the literature search for the final synthesis. Soy bioactive substances involved in redox processes appear to be multiple and their use seems promising. Other larger clinical trials with adequate standardization and adequate choice of biomarkers will fill the gap currently existing on the suggestive role of soy in antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rizzo
- Independent Researcher, Via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy
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Khodarahmi M, Jafarabadi MA, Moludi J, Abbasalizad Farhangi M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of soy on serum hs-CRP. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:996-1011. [PMID: 30314925 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM The results of studies about the effect of soy products on serum highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was to investigate the effect of soy products intake on serum hs-CRP concentration. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to December 2016 without language restrictions. Random-effect model was used for quantitative data synthesis. RESULTS Thirty-six studies were included in our analyses. A meta-analysis revealed a non-significant reduction in serum hs-CRP concentrations following soy products consumption, -0.19 (mg/L) (95% CI: -0.49 to 0.09; I2 = 95.6%). Subgroup analyses suggested that natural soya products may reduce plasma levels of CRP by -0.18 mg/L (95% CI: -0.28 to -0.08; I2: 11.6) in comparison to other source of isoflavones (soya extracts, supplements). Moreover, the effect was stronger among subjects with baseline hs-CRP concentrations of less than 2.52 mg/L, -0.15 (95% CI: -0.27 to -0.02; I2: 34.6). A meta-regression analysis revealed that dosage of isoflavones seems to be a strong predictor of the effect of soya on serum hs-CRP levels. CONCLUSION Present review of RCTs published up to December 2016 did not provide strong evidence regarding the beneficial effect of soya products consumption on blood hs-CRP concentrations. However, it appears that natural soya products may reduce plasma levels of hs-CRP in comparison to other source of isoflavones. Large and well-designed studies are recommended to confirm this conclusion. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018069371.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Khodarahmi
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Moludi
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (RCEBM), Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Cross TWL, Zidon TM, Welly RJ, Park YM, Britton SL, Koch LG, Rottinghaus GE, de Godoy MRC, Padilla J, Swanson KS, Vieira-Potter VJ. Soy Improves Cardiometabolic Health and Cecal Microbiota in Female Low-Fit Rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9261. [PMID: 28835674 PMCID: PMC5569109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogen-rich soy is known to ameliorate menopause-associated obesity and metabolic dysfunction for reasons that are unclear. The gut microbiota have been linked with the development of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. We aimed to determine the impact of soy on cardiometabolic health, adipose tissue inflammation, and the cecal microbiota in ovariectomized (OVX) rats bred for low-running capacity (LCR), a model that has been previously shown to mimic human menopause compared to sham-operated (SHM) intact control LCR rats. In this study, soy consumption, without affecting energy intake or physical activity, significantly improved insulin sensitivity and body composition of OVX rats bred for low-running capacity. Furthermore, soy significantly improved blood lipid profile, adipose tissue inflammation, and aortic stiffness of LCR rats. Compared to a soy-free control diet, soy significantly shifted the cecal microbial community of LCR rats, resulting in a lower Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio. Correlations among metabolic parameters and cecal bacterial taxa identified in this study suggest that taxa Prevotella, Dorea, and Phascolarctobacterium may be taxa of interest. Our results suggest that dietary soy ameliorates adiposity, insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue inflammation, and arterial stiffness and exerts a beneficial shift in gut microbial communities in a rat model that mimics human menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Terese M Zidon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Rebecca J Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - George E Rottinghaus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Maria R Cattai de Godoy
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Victoria J Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Hennigar SR, McClung JP, Pasiakos SM. Nutritional interventions and the IL-6 response to exercise. FASEB J 2017; 31:3719-3728. [PMID: 28507168 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a wide range of biologic effects. In response to prolonged exercise, IL-6 is synthesized by contracting skeletal muscle and released into circulation. Circulating IL-6 is thought to maintain energy status during exercise by acting as an energy sensor for contracting muscle and stimulating glucose production. If tissue damage occurs, immune cells infiltrate and secrete cytokines, including IL-6, to repair skeletal muscle damage. With adequate rest and nutrition, the IL-6 response to exercise is attenuated as skeletal muscle adapts to training. However, sustained elevations in IL-6 due to repeated bouts of unaccustomed activities or prolonged exercise with limited rest may result in untoward physiologic effects, such as accelerated muscle proteolysis and diminished nutrient absorption, and may impair normal adaptive responses to training. Recent intervention studies have explored the role of mixed meals or carbohydrate, protein, ω-3 fatty acid, or antioxidant supplementation in mitigating exercise-induced increases in IL-6. Emerging evidence suggests that sufficient energy intake before exercise is an important factor in attenuating exercise-induced IL-6 by maintaining muscle glycogen. We detail various nutritional interventions that may affect the IL-6 response to exercise in healthy human adults and provide recommendations for future research exploring the role of IL-6 in the adaptive response to exercise.-Hennigar, S. R., McClung, J. P., Pasiakos, S. M. Nutritional interventions and the IL-6 response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Hennigar
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts, USA; .,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, Maryland, USA
| | - James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts, USA
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Daulatzai MA. “Boomerang Neuropathology” of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease is Shrouded in Harmful “BDDS”: Breathing, Diet, Drinking, and Sleep During Aging. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:55-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Brody LT. Knee osteoarthritis: Clinical connections to articular cartilage structure and function. Phys Ther Sport 2014; 16:301-16. [PMID: 25783021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a unique biphasic material that supports a lifetime of compressive and shear forces across joints. When articular cartilage deteriorates, whether due to injury, wear and tear or normal aging, osteoarthritis and resultant pain can ensue. Understanding the basic science of the structure and biomechanics of articular cartilage can help clinicians guide their patients to appropriate activity and loading choices. The purpose of this article is to examine how articular cartilage structure and mechanics, may interact with risk factors to contribute to OA and how this interaction provides guidelines for intervention choices This paper will review the microstructure of articular cartilage, its mechanical properties and link this information to clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Thein Brody
- University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Research Park Clinic, 621 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Orthopaedic and Sports Science, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, 122 East 1700 South, Bldg. C, Provo, UT 84606, USA.
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Yan L, Graef GL, Claycombe KJ, Johnson LK. Effects of voluntary running and soy supplementation on diet-induced metabolic disturbance and inflammation in mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9373-9379. [PMID: 24011182 DOI: 10.1021/jf401588h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of diet (AIN93G or high-fat), physical activity (sedentary or voluntary running), and protein source (casein or soy protein isolate (SPI)) and their interactions on metabolic disturbance and inflammation in mice. After 14 weeks of feeding, the high-fat diet increased body weight gain by 34.5% (p < 0.01), whereas running reduced weight gain by 30.5% (p < 0.01) compared to their respective AIN93G and sedentary controls; SPI did not affect weight gain. The high-fat diet significantly increased plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, triglycerides, leptin, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1); running and SPI significantly reduced these parameters compared to their respective controls. The high-fat diet significantly increased and running significantly reduced plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. A unique finding was that SPI supplementation to the high-fat diet reduced plasma insulin by 11% (p < 0.05), MCP-1 by 21% (p = 0.03), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by 50% (p = 0.05) compared to casein. As adipose tissues produce many adipocytokines, including MCP-1 and TNF-α, that contribute to a state of chronic low grade systemic inflammation and facilitate metabolic disturbance in obesity, further investigations are warranted into the roles of soy protein in reducing the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center , Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
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Peluso I, Raguzzini A, Serafini M. Effect of flavonoids on circulating levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:784-801. [PMID: 23471810 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological or in vitro evidence suggests a potential role for flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents; we investigated the effect of flavonoids-rich foods or supplements on tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in long-term placebo-controlled human intervention trials. From 110 human intervention studies selected (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CHORANE, and FSTA databases), 32 long-term placebo-controlled trials were suitable for meta-analysis. After sensitivity analysis, seven studies imputed of bias were excluded and 25 studies were analyzed (TNF-α, n = 2404; IL-6, n = 2174). Levels of TNF-α decreased after flavonoid consumption in the fixed model only (mean difference (MD) (95% CI): -0.098 (-0.188, -0.009), p = 0.032), but metaregression results showed that neither higher dose, nor a longer duration of intervention were associated with a greater effect size. Subgroup analysis did not reveal any significant effect for quercetin and soy, but other sources (red wine, pomegranate, and tea extracts) showed a significant effect size both in fixed (MD (95% CI): TNF-α -0.449 (-0.619, -0.280), p < 0.001; IL-6 -0.346 (-0.612, -0.079), p = 0.011) and random (MD (95% CI): TNF-α -0.783 (-1.476, -0.090), p = 0.027; IL-6, -0.556 (-1.062, -0.050), p = 0.031) effect models. High-quality placebo-controlled trials are needed in order to identify flavonoids as the active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Peluso
- Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Ex National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research (INRAN), Rome, Italy
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Wei J, Bhatt S, Chang LM, Sampson HA, Masilamani M. Isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, regulate mucosal immune response by suppressing dendritic cell function. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47979. [PMID: 23110148 PMCID: PMC3478285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of gram-negative bacterial cell walls, has been shown to have a strong adjuvant effect towards inhaled antigens contributing to airway inflammation. Isoflavones are anti-inflammatory molecules present in abundant quantities in soybeans. We investigated the effect of isoflavones on human dendritic cell (DC) activation via LPS stimulation and subsequent DC-mediated effector cell function both in vitro and in a mouse model of upper airway inflammation. Human monocyte-derived DCs (MDDC) were matured with LPS (or TNF-α) +/− isoflavones (genistein or daidzein). The surface expression levels of DC activation markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mature DCs +/− isoflavones were washed and cultured with freshly-isolated allogenic naïve CD4+ T cells for 5 days or with autologous natural killer (NK) cells for 2 hours. The percentages of proliferating IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells and cytokine levels in culture supernatants were assessed. NK cell degranulation and DC cytotoxicity were measured by flow cytometry. Isoflavones significantly suppressed the activation-induced expression of DC maturation markers (CD83, CD80, CD86) and MHC class I but not MHC class II molecules in vitro. Isoflavone treatment inhibited the ability of LPS-DCs to induce IFN-γ in CD4+ T cells. NK cell degranulation and the percentage of dead DCs were significantly increased in isoflavone-treated DC-NK co-culture experiments. Dietary isoflavones suppressed the mucosal immune response to intra-nasal sensitization of mice to ovalbumin. Similar results were obtained when isoflavones were co-administered during sensitization. These results demonstrate that soybean isoflavones suppress immune sensitization by suppressing DC-maturation and its subsequent DC-mediated effector cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wei
- The Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shiven Bhatt
- The Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Chang
- The Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hugh A. Sampson
- The Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Madhan Masilamani
- The Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Serra MC, Beavers KM, Beavers DP, Willoughby DS. Effects of 28 days of dairy or soy ingestion on skeletal markers of inflammation and proteolysis in post-menopausal women. Nutr Health 2012; 21:117-130. [PMID: 23275453 DOI: 10.1177/0260106012467243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with increased local inflammation and resultant proteolysis in skeletal muscle. In animal models, soy supplementation is a beneficial countermeasure against muscle inflammation and proteolysis; however, the effect on aging humans is not clear. METHODS A single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 31 post-menopausal women. Volunteers were randomly assigned to consume three servings of soy (n=16) or dairy (n=15) milk each day for 28 days. The expression of inflammation-responsive (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and proteolytic (calpain 1, calpain 2, ubiquitin, E2, atrogin-1, muRF-1) genes in skeletal muscle was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction before and after supplementation, and then after a downhill run performed to elicit muscle damage. RESULTS While no group by time interactions were observed, significant main effects for time were observed for IL-1β, IL-6, calpain 2, and atrogin-1 mRNA post exercise. Further analysis revealed that, compared with post-supplementation values, calpain 2 and atrogin-1 mRNA significantly increased at 4 h post exercise (p=0.01 and p<0.01, respectively), whereas IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA significantly decreased at 4 h post exercise (both p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Soy or dairy milk supplementation at the amount ingested for 28 days does not appear to preferentially inhibit the expression of inflammation-responsive and proteolytic genes that were assessed, and does not attenuate the eccentric exercise-induced up-regulation in the proteolytic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Serra
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Cakmak YO. Tnfα Theory for the Beneficial Effects of Acupuncture on Infantile Colic: Formula-Fed Infants and Probiotic Treatments. Acupunct Med 2012; 30:70. [DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2011-010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Age-related chronic low-grade inflammatory profile (CLIP) has been recognized as an important causative factor for sarcopenia. Here, we report the recent evidence concerning CLIP and sarcopenia. RECENT FINDINGS Twenty-one studies were included (12 observational, five interventional studies and four randomized controlled trials). Observational studies strengthen the association between CLIP and sarcopenia in cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α are the most reported inflammatory parameters. Biopsy studies confirm the role of oxidative mechanisms, protein kinase B and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathways and implicate stress response mechanisms and heat shock protein. Adipose tissue as source of inflammatory cytokines remains unclear and correction for fat mass is advisable in new research. Exercise interventions (both aerobic and resistance training) demonstrate beneficial effects on CLIP even in the absence of decreases in weight, BMI or fat mass. IL-6 is also released during exercise, in hormone-like fashion unrelated to inflammation, and exercise-induced IL-6 changes require careful interpretation. Soy supplementation in one study showed no influence on CLIP and no recent pharmacological trials were retrieved. SUMMARY Associations between CLIP and sarcopenia are observed quite consistently and underlying mechanisms become apparent. Exercise remains the mainstay intervention to lower CLIP and counter sarcopenia. More research is warranted to unravel the exact dose-response relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Beyer
- Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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