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Pedersen LN, Blanks AM, Bohmke NJ, Mihalick VL, Franco RL. Acute, but not chronic, aerobic exercise alters the impact of ex vivo LDL and fatty acid stimulation on monocytes and macrophages from healthy, young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:975-988. [PMID: 36607416 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride concentrations are associated with future cardiovascular risk in young adults. Conversely, chronic physical activity is generally accepted to reduce CVD risk. Atherosclerosis is a major underlying cause of CVD, and atherogenesis is mediated by peripheral monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. The study aimed to determine if an individual's physical activity level impacts the phenotype of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages when stimulated with LDL and fatty acid ex vivo. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from healthy, young adults of differing physical activity levels before and after a single bout of moderate intensity exercise (25 min at 60% of VO2peak). PBMCs were stimulated with LDL and palmitate ex vivo prior to differentiation into macrophages. Monocyte subset percentages and monocyte-derived macrophage expression of phenotypic (CD86, CD206) and functional (CCR2, ERK 1/2) markers were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared to baseline, ex vivo LDL and palmitate stimulation decreased (p = 0.038) non-classical monocyte percentage from 24.7 ± 3.2 to 21.5 ± 2.6% in all participants. When ex vivo lipid stimulation was preceded by acute exercise, non-classical monocyte percentage was similar to baseline levels (p = 0.670, 25.8 ± 2.15%). Macrophage CD86/CD206 was increased from 1.30 ± 0.14 to 1.68 ± 0.19 when preceded by acute exercise in all participants. No differences were observed between participants of differing physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that acute exercise modulates monocyte phenotype after LDL and palmitate stimulation in a protective manner, however, chronic physical activity does not alter monocyte/macrophage responses to any experimental condition in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Pedersen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anson M Blanks
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1020 West Grace Street, Room 113, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Natalie J Bohmke
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1020 West Grace Street, Room 113, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Virginia L Mihalick
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R Lee Franco
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1020 West Grace Street, Room 113, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
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2
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McFarlin BK, Tanner EA, Hill DW, Vingren JL. Prebiotic/probiotic supplementation resulted in reduced visceral fat and mRNA expression associated with adipose tissue inflammation, systemic inflammation, and chronic disease risk. GENES & NUTRITION 2022; 17:15. [PMID: 36437471 PMCID: PMC9703693 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-022-00718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prebiotic/probiotic supplementation represents a viable option for addressing elevated systemic inflammation and chronic disease risk in overweight individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine if 90 days of prebiotic/probiotic supplementation could alter mRNA responsible for inflammation and chronic disease risk in weight-stable overweight adults. Nanostring mRNA analysis (574 plex) was used to survey targets associated with adipose tissue inflammation, systemic inflammation, and chronic disease risk. All protocols were approved by the University IRB, and participants gave written informed consent. Participants were randomly assigned to either placebo (N = 7; rice flour) or combined (N = 8) prebiotic (PreticX® Xylooligosaccharide; 0.8 g/day; ADIP) and probiotic (MegaDuo® Bacillus subtilis HU58 and Bacillus coagulans SC-208; billion CFU/day) supplementation. Participants were diverse population of healthy individuals with the exception of excess body weight. Measurements were made at baseline, 30, 60, and 90 days. Whole-body DXA scans (GE iDXA®; body composition) and blood 574-plex mRNA analysis (Nanostring®) were used to generate primary outcomes. Significance was set to p < 0.05 and adjusted for multiple comparisons where necessary. RESULTS Compared to placebo, prebiotic/probiotic supplementation was associated with a 35% reduction in visceral adipose tissue (VAT; p = 0.002) but no change in body weight or overall percent body fat. Prebiotic/probiotic supplementation resulted in significant (p < 0.05), differential expression of 15 mRNA associated with adipose tissue inflammation (GATA3, TNFAIP6, ST2, CMKLR1, and CD9), systemic inflammation (LTF, SOCS1, and SERPING1), and/or chronic disease risk (ARG1, IL-18, CCL4, CEACAM6, ATM, CD80, and LAMP3). We also found 6 additional mRNA that had no obvious relationship to three previous biological functions (CSF1, SRC, ICAM4CD24, CD274, and CLEC6A). CONCLUSION The key findings support that 90-day prebiotic/probiotic supplementation may be associated with reduced adipose tissue inflammation, reduced systemic inflammation, and reduced chronic disease risk. Combined with the unexpected finding of reduced VAT, this intervention may have resulted in improved overall health and reduced chronic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Tanner
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - David W Hill
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
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3
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Conkright WR, Beckner ME, Sahu A, Mi Q, Clemens ZJ, Lovalekar M, Flanagan SD, Martin BJ, Ferrarelli F, Ambrosio F, Nindl BC. Men and women display distinct extracellular vesicle biomarker signatures in response to military operational stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:1125-1136. [PMID: 35297690 PMCID: PMC9054257 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00664.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of physiological changes that occur during physical exertion. This study examined the effects of physical exertion with and without sleep and caloric restriction on EV size, concentration, and surface proteins in men and women. Twenty participants (10 men) completed a 5-day simulated military operational stress protocol with daily physical exertion. Blood was drawn before and immediately after exertion at baseline (D1) and following 48-h of sleep and caloric restriction (D3). EV size and concentration were assessed using nanoparticle tracking analysis. EVs were identified with markers associated with exosomes (CD63), microvesicles (VAMP3), apoptotic bodies (THSD1), and skeletal muscle-derived EVs (SGCA) and quantified using imaging flow cytometry. Interactive and main effects of sex, day, and time on EVs were assessed using three-way ANOVAs. EV concentration declined pre to postexertion in women on D1 and D3 but was stable in men. EV size increased from pre to postexertion and from D1 to D3 in men and women. Physical exertion following sleep and caloric restriction increased CD63+ EV concentration, proportion of total EVs, and CD63 surface protein expression regardless of sex. The proportion of SGCA+ EVs increased in men and women following exertion and from D1 to D3 but was higher in women than in men. No differences were observed in VAMP3+ and THSD1+ EVs. This study identified sexually dimorphic EV profiles in response to various stressors. Further investigations are necessary to determine if dimorphic EV responses affect health and performance outcomes during stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sex is understudied in EV research, and most studies limit EV analysis to single stress conditions such as exercise. Multistress conditions consisting of physical exertion and sleep and caloric restriction are common in real-world settings. We demonstrate that physical exertion results in sex-specific EV signatures and that EV profiles vary according to single versus multistress conditions. Our data highlight important biological and ecological characteristics that should be considered in EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Conkright
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Meaghan E Beckner
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amrita Sahu
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Qi Mi
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary J Clemens
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mita Lovalekar
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian J Martin
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bradley C Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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4
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Chen Y, Sun Y, Luo Z, Chen X, Wang Y, Qi B, Lin J, Lin WW, Sun C, Zhou Y, Huang J, Xu Y, Chen J, Chen S. Exercise Modifies the Transcriptional Regulatory Features of Monocytes in Alzheimer's Patients: A Multi-Omics Integration Analysis Based on Single Cell Technology. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:881488. [PMID: 35592698 PMCID: PMC9110789 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.881488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes have been reported to be important mediators of the protective effect of exercise against the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aims explored the mechanism by which monocytes achieve this. Using single cell transcriptome analysis, results showed that CD14 + and CD16 + monocytes interacted with other cells in the circulating blood. TNF, CCR1, APP, and AREG, the key ligand-receptor-related genes, were found to be differentially expressed between exercise-treated and AD patients. The SCENIC analysis was performed to identify individual clusters of the key transcription factors (TFs). Nine clusters (M1-M9) were obtained from the co-expression network. Among the identified TFs, MAFB, HES4, and FOSL1 were found to be differentially expressed in AD. Moreover, the M4 cluster to which MAFB, HES4, and FOSL1 belonged was defined as the signature cluster for AD phenotype. Differential analysis by bulkRNA-seq revealed that the expression of TNF, CCR1, and APP were all upregulated after exercise (p < 0.05). And ATF3, MAFB, HES4, and KLF4 that were identified in M4 clusters may be the TFs that regulate TNF, CCR1, and APP in exercise prescription. After that, APP, CCR1, TNF, ATF3, KLF4, HES4, and MAFB formed a regulatory network in the ERADMT gene set, and all of them were mechanistically linked. The ERADMT gene set has been found to be a potential risk marker for the development of AD and can be used as an indicator of compliance to exercise therapy in AD patients. Using single-cell integration analysis, a network of exercise-regulating TFs in monocytes was constructed for AD disease. The constructed network reveals the mechanism by which exercise regulated monocytes to confer therapeutic benefits against AD and its complications. However, this study, as a bioinformatic research, requires further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Chen
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaying Sun
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beijie Qi
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Lin
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Putuo People’ s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiebin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Yuzhen Xu,
| | - Jiwu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Jiwu Chen,
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shiyi Chen,
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5
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Monfoulet LE, Martinez MC. Dietary modulation of large extracellular vesicles: the good and the bad for human health. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1274-1293. [PMID: 34875084 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompassing nanovesicles derived from the endosome system and generated by plasmatic membrane shedding are of increasing interest in view of their ability to sustain cell-to-cell communication and the possibility that they could be used as surrogate biomarkers of healthy and unhealthy trajectories. Nutritional strategies have been developed to preserve health, and the impact of these strategies on circulating EVs is arousing growing interest. Data available from published studies are now sufficient for a first integration to better understand the role of EVs in the relationship between diet and health. Thus, this review focuses on human intervention studies investigating the impact of diet or its components on circulating EVs. Because of analytical bias, only large EVs have been assessed so far. The analysis highlights that poor-quality diets with elevated fat and sugar content increase levels of circulating large EVs, and these can be partly counteracted by healthy food or some food micronutrients and bioactive compounds. However, knowledge of the content and the biological functions of these diet-induced EVs is still missing. It is important to address these aspects in new research in order to state if EVs are mediators of the effects of diet on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent-Emmanuel Monfoulet
- L.-E. Monfoulet is with the Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France M.C. Martinez is with the oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies laboratory (SOPAM), U1063, INSERM, Université Angers, Angers, France
| | - Maria Carmen Martinez
- L.-E. Monfoulet is with the Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France M.C. Martinez is with the oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies laboratory (SOPAM), U1063, INSERM, Université Angers, Angers, France
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6
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Pearson RC, Olenick AA, Shaker N, Blankenship MM, Tinius RA, Winchester LJ, Oregon E, Maples JM. High-fat meal increases peripheral blood mononuclear cell pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in African-American women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:661-668. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
African-American (AA) women have elevated predominance of inflammatory diseases concurrent with local inflammation resulting in compromised metabolic function. The purpose of the study was 2-fold: 1) to examine the gene and protein expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from AA and Caucasian-American (CA) women in response to an acute high-fat meal; and 2) to explore the influence of race (AA vs. CA) on PBMC reactivity. Ten AA and 11 CA women consumed a high-fat meal with baseline and 4 h postprandial venous blood draws. PBMCs were incubated for 3 h then messenger RNA expression and supernatant protein concentration was used to examine inflammatory profiles. All women had a postprandial increase in interleukin (IL)-8 gene expression, IL-8 protein concentration, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) protein concentration (P < 0.05). AA women had a postprandial increase in IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α protein concentration (P < 0.05). AA women had higher postprandial IL-1β protein concentration and IL-8 gene expression compared with CA women (P < 0.05). Our data uncovers the specific impact of race and time on pro-inflammatory PBMC (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) expression profiles in response to an acute high-fat meal challenge. Novelty: African Americans have higher predominance of inflammatory disease. We explored the potential race impact on peripheral blood mononuclear cell reactivity in response to a meal. A pro-inflammatory response to an acute high-fat meal with race impact was observed possibly contributing to health disparities impacting African-American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regis C. Pearson
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Alyssa A. Olenick
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Nuha Shaker
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Maire M. Blankenship
- School of Nursing and Allied Health, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Rachel A. Tinius
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Lee J. Winchester
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Evie Oregon
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Jill M. Maples
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
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7
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Liu H, Zhu H, Xia H, Yang X, Yang L, Wang S, Wen J, Sun G. Different effects of high-fat diets rich in different oils on lipids metabolism, oxidative stress and gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2020; 141:110078. [PMID: 33641963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the different effects of high-fat (HF) diets rich in different oils on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and gut mirobiota. C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: (1) control group (CG) was fed with normal diet, (2) olive oil (OO) group was fed with high-fat diet containing OO, (3) lard oil (LO) group was fed with high-fat diet containing LO, (4) soybean oil (SO) group was fed with high-fat diet containing SO. After 12 weeks, serum lipids, and oxidative stress indices were analyzed. Gut microbiota analysis was carried out based on the sequencing results of 16S rRNA. High fat diet can increase serum and liver lipids and upregulate sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c related genes expression. Serum and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in LO group were significantly higher than those in CG and OO groups. In CG, the family Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Desulfovibrionaceae had the large effect sizes. HF diets resulted in the increase of Actinobacteria and Enterococcaceae abundance, and the decrease of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria Lactobacillales and microbiota diversity. The abundance of Actinobacteria and Lactobacillales is the link to the serum TC and MDA levels. HF diets have the harmful influence on the serum lipids, oxidative stress and endothelial function. They can also cause gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hangju Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 2100009, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ligang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
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8
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Mallia A, Gianazza E, Zoanni B, Brioschi M, Barbieri SS, Banfi C. Proteomics of Extracellular Vesicles: Update on Their Composition, Biological Roles and Potential Use as Diagnostic Tools in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100843. [PMID: 33086718 PMCID: PMC7588996 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound vesicles released from cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Basing on biogenesis, dimension, content and route of secretion, they can be classified into exosomes, microvesicles (MVs) and apoptotic bodies. EVs have a key role as bioactive mediators in intercellular communication, but they are also involved in other physiological processes like immune response, blood coagulation, and tissue repair. The interest in studying EVs has increased over the years due to their involvement in several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and their potential role as biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy, and in drug delivery system development. Nowadays, the improvement of mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques allows the characterization of the EV protein composition to deeply understand their role in several diseases. In this review, a critical overview is provided on the EV’s origin and physical properties, as well as their emerging functional role in both physiological and disease conditions, focusing attention on the role of exosomes in CVDs. The most important cardiac exosome proteomic studies will be discussed giving a qualitative and quantitative characterization of the exosomal proteins that could be used in future as new potential diagnostic markers or targets for specific therapies.
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9
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Lv G, Fan J. Silencing ICAM-1 reduces the adhesion of vascular endothelial cells in mice with immunologic contact urticaria. Gene 2020; 760:144965. [PMID: 32687948 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunologic contact urticaria (ICU) is an immediate response of wheal caused by various contactants in vulnerable individuals, with undefined pathogenesis. METHODS In the present study, we aim to explore the effects of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene silencing by RNA inference (RNAi) on vascular endothelial cells (VECs) adhesion molecule expression and cell-cell adhesion in ICU mice. Sixty BALB/c mice were selected, among which 48 mice were used for establishment of ICU models. VECs from normal and ICU mice were grouped into different groups. Expressions of ICAM-1, eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), total immunologlobulin E (tIgE), L-selectin (CD62L), integrin, alpha L (CD11a) in tissues and cells were evaluate by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and EdU staining and cell adhesive function by cell-cell adhesion assay. RESULTS Compared with normal mice, ICU mice had increased expressions of ICAM-1, ECP, tIgE, CD62L, and CD11a.ICAM-1 gene silencing decreased expressions of ECP, tIgE, CD62L, and CD11a, enhanced cell proliferation, and more activity in cell adhesion. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that RNAi-mediated gene silencing of ICAM-1 may decrease VECs adhesion expression and reduce cell-cell adhesion in mice with ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaomei Lv
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276002, PR China
| | - Jingang Fan
- Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276002, PR China.
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10
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Highton PJ, Goltz FR, Martin N, Stensel DJ, Thackray AE, Bishop NC. Microparticle Responses to Aerobic Exercise and Meal Consumption in Healthy Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:1935-1943. [PMID: 30889043 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Microparticles (MP) are shed extracellular vesicles that express the prothrombotic tissue factor (TF). Aerobic exercise may reduce MP count and TF expression. This study investigated the impact of acute running or rest followed by standardized meal consumption on MP phenotypes and TF expression. METHODS Fifteen males (age, 22.9 ± 3.3 yr; body mass, 81.9 ± 11.4 kg; V˙O2max, 54.9 ± 6.5 mL·kg·min; mean ± SD) completed 1 h of running (70% V˙O2max) or rest at 9:00 AM and consumed a standardized meal (1170 kcal, 43% CHO, 17% PRO, 40% fat) at 10:45 AM. Venous blood samples were taken at 9:00 AM, 10:00 AM, and 11:30 AM. The MP concentration, diameter, phenotypes, and TF expression were assessed using nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry. RESULTS Nanoparticle tracking analysis identified no changes in MP concentration or diameter in response to time or trial. Flow cytometry revealed total MP count increased from 9:00 AM to 10:00 AM (1.62 ± 2.28 to 1.74 ± 2.61 × 10 L, P = 0.016, effect size (η) = 0.105), but was unaffected by trial. TF platelet-derived MP % reduced from 9:00 AM to 10:00 AM (44.0% ± 21.2% to 21.5% ± 9.3%, P = 0.001, η = 0.582) after exercise only (control, 36.8% ± 18.2% to 34.9% ± 11.9%; P = 0.972). TF neutrophil-derived MP percentage reduced from 9:00 AM to 11:30 AM (42.3% ± 17.2% to 25.1% ± 14.9%; P = 0.048, η = 0.801) in the exercise trial only (control, 28.5% ± 15.7% to 32.2% ± 9.6%; P = 0.508). CONCLUSIONS Running induced a significant reduction in %TF platelet and neutrophil MP, suggesting a transient reduction in cardiovascular risk via reduced TF-stimulated thrombosis. This requires further investigation over longer periods in cardiovascular disease populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Highton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UNITED KINGDOM.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Fernanda R Goltz
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Naomi Martin
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UNITED KINGDOM.,Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - David J Stensel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UNITED KINGDOM.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Alice E Thackray
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UNITED KINGDOM.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Nicolette C Bishop
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UNITED KINGDOM.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UNITED KINGDOM.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester, UNITED KINGDOM
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11
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Pollet H, Conrard L, Cloos AS, Tyteca D. Plasma Membrane Lipid Domains as Platforms for Vesicle Biogenesis and Shedding? Biomolecules 2018; 8:E94. [PMID: 30223513 PMCID: PMC6164003 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to several pathophysiological processes and appear as emerging targets for disease diagnosis and therapy. However, successful translation from bench to bedside requires deeper understanding of EVs, in particular their diversity, composition, biogenesis and shedding mechanisms. In this review, we focus on plasma membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs), far less appreciated than exosomes. We integrate documented mechanisms involved in MV biogenesis and shedding, focusing on the red blood cell as a model. We then provide a perspective for the relevance of plasma membrane lipid composition and biophysical properties in microvesiculation on red blood cells but also platelets, immune and nervous cells as well as tumor cells. Although only a few data are available in this respect, most of them appear to converge to the idea that modulation of plasma membrane lipid content, transversal asymmetry and lateral heterogeneity in lipid domains may play a significant role in the vesiculation process. We suggest that lipid domains may represent platforms for inclusion/exclusion of membrane lipids and proteins into MVs and that MVs could originate from distinct domains during physiological processes and disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pollet
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Louise Conrard
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Anne-Sophie Cloos
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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12
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Meng ZD, Wang XL, Du TP, Wang Y, Qin GF, Zhao HB, Chen YJ, Tian B. Effects of RNA interference-mediated E-selectin gene silencing on cell adhesion molecule expression and cell-cell adhesion in vascular endothelial cells in mice with immunologic contact urticaria. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:115-125. [PMID: 30206961 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Contact urticaria is recognized as the wheal and flare reaction at a site from direct contact with a chemical or protein agent. Ongoing studies have proposed that gene silencing may have a promising future in finding optimal treatment of a variety of disease; hence, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of RNA interference-mediated E-selectin ( SELE) gene silencing on cell adhesion molecule expression and on cell-cell adhesion in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in a mouse model of immunologic contact urticaria (ICU). Following the successful establishment of mouse models of ICU induced by antidinitrophenol immunoglobulin E (IgE) combining 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene challenge, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the levels of IgE, interleukin 4 (IL-4), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and histamine as well as the positive expression rate of SELE, respectively. The siRNA- SELE vector was constructed and transfection efficiency was estimated prior to performing quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay to determine the relative expression of SELE, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), L-selectin (CD62L), and the alpha chain of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (CD11a). Adhesion assay was then performed to assess the cell adhesion ability in VECs. Elevated levels of IgE, IL-4, IFN-γ, and histamine and increased positive expression rate of SELE were indicative of successful establishment of mouse models of ICU. Furthermore, the relative expression levels of SELE, ECP, ICAM-1, CD62L, and CD11a were highest in the OE- SELE group. Besides, cell adhesion ability of VECs was notably promoted. Collectively, the current study define the potential role of SELE silencing as an inhibitor to ICU development by inhibiting cell adhesion ability of VECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Dong Meng
- The First Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Wang
- The First Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tian-Ping Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The First Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Gui-Fang Qin
- The Second Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhao
- The Second Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- The First Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Bo Tian
- The Second Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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13
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McFarlin BK, Venable AS, Carpenter KC, Henning AL, Ogenstad S. Oral Supplementation with Baker's Yeast Beta Glucan Is Associated with Altered Monocytes, T Cells and Cytokines following a Bout of Strenuous Exercise. Front Physiol 2017; 8:786. [PMID: 29104540 PMCID: PMC5654840 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and physical labor in extreme environmental conditions causes transient decreases in immune cell and cytokine concentrations, likely increasing the susceptibility to opportunistic infection. Baker's yeast beta glucan (BYBG) has been previously demonstrated to be an effective countermeasure in athletes, but its effectiveness in individuals of average fitness under similar physical stress is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if 10 days of oral supplementation with BYBG could modify previously observed suppression of monocytes, T cells, circulating and whole blood LPS-stimulated cytokines due to strenuous exercise. Venous blood samples were collected from 109 healthy volunteers prior to, immediately after, 2 and 4 h post-exercise. Monocyte and T cell concentration, cell-surface receptor expression and serum and LPS-stimulated cytokines were assessed. BYBG significantly (P < 0.05) altered total and classic monocyte concentration and expression of CD38, CD80, CD86, TLR2, and TLR4 on monocyte subsets. BYBG also significantly increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell concentration and the exercise response of CCR7+/CD45RA- central memory (TCM) cells. Likewise, BYBG significantly (P < 0.05) altered serum IFN-γ and IL-2, and LPS-stimulated IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7. Taken together these data support the hypothesis that oral BYBG supplementation modulates the expected exercise response for individuals of average fitness. This may result in a decrease in susceptibility to opportunistic infections after strenuous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of KHPR, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Adam S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of KHPR, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | | | - Andrea L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of KHPR, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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14
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Francois ME, Myette-Cote E, Bammert TD, Durrer C, Neudorf H, DeSouza CA, Little JP. Carbohydrate restriction with postmeal walking effectively mitigates postprandial hyperglycemia and improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H105-H113. [PMID: 29030343 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00524.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia has deleterious effects on endothelial function. Restricting carbohydrate intake and postmeal walking have each been shown to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, but their combination and subsequent effects on endothelial function have not been investigated. Here, we sought to examine the effect of blunting postprandial hyperglycemia by following a low-carbohydrate diet, with or without postmeal walking exercise, on markers of vascular health in type 2 diabetes (T2D). In a randomized crossover design, individuals with T2D ( n = 11) completed three 4-day controlled diet interventions consisting of 1) low-carbohydrate diet alone (LC), 2) low-carbohydrate diet with 15-min postmeal walks (LC + Ex), and 3) low-fat control diet (CON). Fasting blood samples and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (%FMD) were measured before and after each intervention. Total circulating microparticles (MPs), endothelial MPs, platelet MPs, monocyte-platelet aggregates, and adhesion molecules were assessed as biomarkers of vascular health. There was a significant condition × time interaction for %FMD ( P = 0.01), with post hoc tests revealing improved %FMD after LC + Ex (+0.8 ± 1.0%, P = 0.02), with no change after LC or CON. Endothelial MPs were significantly reduced with the LC diet by ~45% (from 99 ± 60 to 44 ± 31 MPs/μl, P = 0.02), with no change after LC + Ex or CON (interaction: P = 0.04). Total MPs were lower (main effect time: P = 0.02), whereas monocyte-platelet aggregates were higher (main effect time: P < 0.01) after all interventions. Plasma adhesion molecules and C-reactive protein were unaltered. Attenuating postprandial hyperglycemic excursions using a low-carbohydrate diet combined with postmeal walking appears to be an effective strategy to improve endothelial function in individuals with T2D. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Carbohydrate restriction and postmeal walking lower postprandial hyperglycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Here, we show that the combination significantly improved endothelial function and that carbohydrate restriction alone reduced circulating endothelial microparticles in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/low-carb-diet-and-exercise-improve-endothelial-health/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique E Francois
- University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Etienne Myette-Cote
- University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada
| | | | - Cody Durrer
- University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Helena Neudorf
- University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada
| | | | - Jonathan P Little
- University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada
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15
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Abstract
The examination of monocyte phagocytosis of modified lipoproteins is important to the understanding of plaque deposition and the development of atherosclerosis. Current methods lack the high-throughput image-based analysis capabilities, which may yield novel information concerning monocyte activity in disease processes. Specifically, this method identifies monocyte phagocytosis of oxidized LDL along with a change in adhesion molecules and scavenger receptors. Our laboratory is currently implementing this method as a means to study how acute dietary modifications alter risk of developing atherosclerosis.
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16
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McFarlin BK, Henning AL, Bowman EM, Gary MA, Carbajal KM. Oral spore-based probiotic supplementation was associated with reduced incidence of post-prandial dietary endotoxin, triglycerides, and disease risk biomarkers. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2017; 8:117-126. [PMID: 28868181 PMCID: PMC5561432 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v8.i3.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine if 30-d of oral spore-based probiotic supplementation could reduce dietary endotoxemia.
METHODS Apparently healthy men and women (n = 75) were screened for post-prandial dietary endotoxemia. Subjects whose serum endotoxin concentration increased by at least 5-fold from pre-meal levels at 5-h post-prandial were considered “responders” and were randomized to receive either placebo (rice flour) or a commercial spore-based probiotic supplement [Bacillus indicus (HU36), Bacillus subtilis (HU58), Bacillus coagulans, and Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus clausii] for 30-d. The dietary endotoxemia test was repeated at the conclusion of the supplementation period. Dietary endotoxin (LAL) and triglycerides (enzymatic) were measured using an automated chemistry analyzer. Serum disease risk biomarkers were measured using bead-based multiplex assays (Luminex and Milliplex) as secondary, exploratory measures.
RESULTS Data were statistically analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and a P < 0.05. We found that spore-based probiotic supplementation was associated with a 42% reduction in endotoxin (12.9 ± 3.5 vs 6.1 ± 2.6, P = 0.011) and 24% reduction in triglyceride (212 ± 28 vs 138 ± 12, P = 0.004) in the post-prandial period Placebo subjects presented with a 36% increase in endotoxin (10.3 ± 3.4 vs 15.4 ± 4.1, P = 0.011) and 5% decrease in triglycerides (191 ± 24 vs 186 ± 28, P = 0.004) over the same post-prandial period. We also found that spore-based probiotic supplementation was associated with significant post-prandial reductions in IL-12p70 (24.3 ± 2.2 vs 21.5 ± 1.7, P = 0.017) and IL-1β (1.9 ± 0.2 vs 1.6 ± 0.1, P = 0.020). Compared to placebo post supplementation, probiotic subject had less ghrelin (6.8 ± 0.4 vs 8.3 ± 1.1, P = 0.017) compared to placebo subjects.
CONCLUSION The key findings of the present study is that oral spore-based probiotic supplementation reduced symptoms indicative of “leaky gut syndrome”.
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17
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Fuller KNZ, Summers CM, Valentine RJ. Effect of a single bout of aerobic exercise on high-fat meal-induced inflammation. Metabolism 2017; 71:144-152. [PMID: 28521867 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic low-grade inflammation is involved in the development of metabolic disorders including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome. Aerobic exercise has been shown to be anti-inflammatory and attenuate postprandial blood lipids, however, the effect of exercise on postprandial inflammation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of a single bout of aerobic exercise against postprandial lipemia and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) inflammation and to evaluate associations with changes in the energy-sensing enzyme, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy male subjects (n=12, age=23±2, %Fat=19±2) reported to the laboratory following an overnight fast (12-14h) on two separate occasions for consumption of a high-fat meal (HFM). Participants completed an acute bout of aerobic exercise the afternoon prior to one of the HFM visits. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Results indicate that the single bout of moderate aerobic exercise increased AMPK signaling in PBMCs, as shown by increased phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC). This may be due to decreases in the AMPK inhibitory kinases PKD and GSK3β. Additionally, prior moderate intensity exercise decreased postprandial lipemia (PPL) and some mediators of the inflammatory pathway, such as p-NF-κB. These findings that acute aerobic exercise improves AMPK and NF-κB signaling in human PBMCs contribute support to the anti-inflammatory roles of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Z Fuller
- The Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA; Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Corey M Summers
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA; The Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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18
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Emerson SR, Kurti SP, Harms CA, Haub MD, Melgarejo T, Logan C, Rosenkranz SK. Magnitude and Timing of the Postprandial Inflammatory Response to a High-Fat Meal in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:213-225. [PMID: 28298267 PMCID: PMC5347112 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Research findings over the past several decades have shown that inflammation is a prominent feature of many chronic diseases, with poor diet being one likely inflammatory stimulus. Specifically, a single high-fat meal (HFM) has been suggested to increase inflammation, although there is currently no consensus with regard to the specific changes in many of the proinflammatory markers that are frequently assessed after an HFM. The aim of this systematic review was to objectively describe the postprandial timing and magnitude of changes in 5 common inflammatory markers: interleukin (IL) 6, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, IL-1β, and IL-8. Ten relevant databases were searched, yielding 494 results, of which 47 articles met the pre-established inclusion criteria: 1) healthy men and women aged 18-60 y, 2) consuming a single HFM (≥30% fat, ≥500 kcal), and 3) assessing relevant inflammatory markers postmeal for ≥2 h. The only marker found to consistently change in the postprandial period was IL-6: on average, from a baseline of ∼1.4 pg/mL, it peaked at ∼2.9 pg/mL ∼6 h post-HFM (an average relative change of ∼100%). CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 did not change significantly in 79% (23 of 29), 68% (19 of 28), 67% (2 of 3), and 75% (3 of 4) of included studies, respectively. We conclude that there is strong evidence that CRP and TNF-α are not responsive at the usual time scale observed in postprandial studies in healthy humans younger than age 60 y. However, future research should further investigate the role of IL-6 in the postprandial period, because it routinely increases even in healthy participants. We assert that the findings of this systematic review on markers of inflammation in the postprandial period will considerably aid in informing future research and advancing clinical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam R Emerson
- Departments of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health and .,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
| | - Stephanie P Kurti
- Kinesiology,,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
| | - Craig A Harms
- Kinesiology,,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
| | - Mark D Haub
- Departments of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health and,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
| | | | - Cindy Logan
- Academic Services, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Departments of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health and,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
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19
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Henning AL, Levitt DE, Vingren JL, McFarlin BK. Measurement of T-Cell Telomere Length Using Amplified-Signal FISH Staining and Flow Cytometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 79:7.47.1-7.47.10. [PMID: 28055115 DOI: 10.1002/cpcy.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS), and physiologically challenging stimuli either positively or negatively affect leukocyte maturity. Cellular maturity has implications for the effectiveness of host response to bacterial or viral infection and/or tissue injury. Thus, the ability to accurately assess cellular maturity and health is important to fully understand immune status and function. The most common technique for measuring cellular maturity is to measure telomere length; however, existing techniques are not optimized for single-cell measurements using flow cytometry. Specifically, existing methods used to measure telomere length are PCR-based, making it difficult for a researcher to measure maturity within specific leukocyte subsets (e.g., T cells). In this report, we describe a new approach for the measurement of telomere length within individual T cells using an amplified fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique (PrimeFlow RNA Assay). The unique aspect of this technique is that it amplifies the fluorescent signal rather than the target up to 3000-fold, resulting in the detection of as few as 1 copy of the target nucleic acid. While the current technique focuses on human T cells, this method can be broadly applied to a variety of cell types and disease models. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Danielle E Levitt
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Brian K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
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20
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McFarlin BK, Carpenter KC, Henning AL, Venable AS. Consumption of a high-fat breakfast on consecutive days alters preclinical biomarkers for atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:239-244. [PMID: 28000693 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Recent research has speculated that the risk of developing atherosclerosis is due to the accumulation of the effects of daily diet choices. The purpose of this study was to examine which of our previously identified preclinical disease risk biomarkers were further elevated when consuming a high-fat (644±50 kcal; 100% recommended dietary allowance for fat), high-calorie (1118±100 kcal; 70% daily caloric needs) breakfast on consecutive days. Young, normal weight females (N=7) participated in this study. SUBJECTS/METHODS Blood samples were taken premeal and hourly for 5-h postprandial. Serum biomarkers (C-peptide, eotaxin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), insulin, leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, pancreatic polypeptide (PPY) and tumor necrosis factor-α), monocyte concentration, and adhesion molecule expression (CD11a, CD18 and CD54) were measured. Area under the curve was calculated for each outcome variable as a function of day and data were analyzed for significance. RESULTS We found significant (P<0.05) increases on Day 2 for: GM-CSF (+47%; P=0.041), G-CSF (+31%; P=0.012), PPY (+51%; P=0.049), total monocyte (+110%; P=0.043), pro-inflammatory (PI) monocyte (+60%; P=0.012), PI monocyte CD18 (+960%; P=0.003), PI monocyte CD11a (+230%; P=0.006), and PI monocyte CD54 (+208%; P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the present study is the first to report changes in selected biomarkers and monocytes following eating a high-fat, high-calorie breakfast on consecutive days in humans. More research is needed to determine how transient the observed changes are and what the long-term implications for disease risk are.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - K C Carpenter
- Native American Community Health Center, Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - A L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - A S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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21
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Henning AL, Venable AS, Vingren JL, Hill DW, McFarlin BK. Consumption of a high-fat meal was associated with an increase in monocyte adhesion molecules, scavenger receptors, and Propensity to Form Foam Cells. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2016; 94:606-612. [PMID: 27569052 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage-derived foam cells are the predominant component of arterial plaques in the early stages of atherosclerosis. One factor that poses a major risk for plaque development is high levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as a result of a high-fat meal. In order to better understand how an individuals' diet affects arterial plaque deposition via the process of foam cell formation, we measured the acute circulating monocyte activity response after consuming a high-fat meal (85% of daily fat allowance). MATERIALS AND METHODS Venous blood samples from 17 participants were acquired on a FlowSight. Samples were analyzed to identify nonclassical (CD14+/16+) and classical (CD14+/16-) monocytes. We measured monocyte concentration, adhesion molecule expression, CD36 expression, and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) endocytosis for preprandial 1, 3, and 5 h postprandial. RESULTS Consuming a high-fat meal caused increases in oxLDL uptake, adhesion molecule expression, and CD36 expression in both classical and nonclassical monocytes, with the nonclassical monocytes responding with larger increases than the classical monocytes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that consumption of a high-fat meal increased the potential of monocytes to become foam cells, and implicates nonclassical monocytes as having greater potential than classical monocytes to become foam cells. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - A S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - J L Vingren
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - D W Hill
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - B K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
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22
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McFarlin BK, Gary MA. Flow cytometry what you see matters: Enhanced clinical detection using image-based flow cytometry. Methods 2016; 112:1-8. [PMID: 27620330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Image-based flow cytometry combines the throughput of traditional flow cytometry with the ability to visually confirm findings and collect novel data that would not be possible otherwise. Since image-based flow cytometry borrows measurement parameters and analysis techniques from microscopy, it is possible to collect unique measures (i.e. nuclear translocation, co-localization, cellular synapse, cellular endocytosis, etc.) that would not be possible with traditional flow cytometry. The ability to collect unique outcomes has led many researchers to develop novel assays for the monitoring and detection of a variety of clinical conditions and diseases. In many cases, investigators have innovated and expanded classical assays to provide new insight regarding clinical conditions and chronic disease. Beyond human clinical applications, image-based flow cytometry has been used to monitor marine biology changes, nano-particles for solar cell production, and particle quality in pharmaceuticals. This review article summarizes work from the major scientists working in the field of image-based flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, United States; University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, United States.
| | - Melody A Gary
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, United States
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Henning AL, McFarlin BK. Consumption of a high-fat, high-calorie meal is associated with an increase in intracellular co-localization of PPAR-γ mRNA and protein in monocytes. Methods 2016; 112:182-187. [PMID: 27418556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and habitual dietary habits contribute to the onset and progression of many forms of cardiovascular disease. Circulating peripheral blood monocytes have been a target of pre-clinical research related to the risk of atherosclerosis. Specifically, when monocytes migrate into the subendothelial space and endocytosize modified LDL (i.e. acLDL or oxLDL) they phenotypically transform into foam cells. The endocytosis of modified LDL is mediated by the scavenger receptor CD36, whose expression is in tern regulated by the transcription factor PPAR-γ. In this report, we describe a novel technique for the simultaneous measurement of intracellular PPAR-γ mRNA and protein in peripheral blood monocytes collected from human subjects in fasted state or 3 and 5-h after consuming a high-calorie (65% of daily calorie needs), high-fat meal. Intracellular detection and co-localization of PPAR-γ was made possible using a combination of image-based flow cytometry (MilliporeSigma FlowSight) and an amplified mRNA FISH staining technique (Affymetrix/eBioscience PrimeFlow). Consumption of a high-calorie, high-fat meal increased the percentage of co-localization at both 3 and 5-h post prandial compared to pre-meal. No obvious difference in co-localization was observed when cells were treated by acLDL in vitro. More research is needed to determine how to best use this method to study pre-clinical risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Henning
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, United States; University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, United States
| | - Brian K McFarlin
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, United States; University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, United States.
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McFarlin BK, Venable AS, Henning AL, Sampson JNB, Pennel K, Vingren JL, Hill DW. Reduced inflammatory and muscle damage biomarkers following oral supplementation with bioavailable curcumin. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 5:72-8. [PMID: 27051592 PMCID: PMC4802396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage (EIMD) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) impact subsequent training sessions and activities of daily living (ADL) even in active individuals. In sedentary or diseased individuals, EIMD and DOMS may be even more pronounced and present even in the absence of structured exercise. Methods The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of oral curcumin supplementation (Longvida® 400 mg/days) on muscle & ADL soreness, creatine kinase (CK), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) following EMID (eccentric-only dual-leg press exercise). Subjects (N = 28) were randomly assigned to either curcumin (400 mg/day) or placebo (rice flour) and supplemented 2 days before to 4 days after EMID. Blood samples were collected prior to (PRE), and 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after EIMD to measure CK and inflammatory cytokines. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with P < 0.05. Results Curcumin supplementation resulted in significantly smaller increases in CK (− 48%), TNF-α (− 25%), and IL-8 (− 21%) following EIMD compared to placebo. We observed no significant differences in IL-6, IL-10, or quadriceps muscle soreness between conditions for this sample size. Conclusions Collectively, the findings demonstrated that consumption of curcumin reduced biological inflammation, but not quadriceps muscle soreness, during recovery after EIMD. The observed improvements in biological inflammation may translate to faster recovery and improved functional capacity during subsequent exercise sessions. General significance These findings support the use of oral curcumin supplementation to reduce the symptoms of EIMD. The next logical step is to evaluate further the efficacy of an inflammatory clinical disease model. Oral optimized curcumin supplementation reduced biological indices of muscle inflammation following exercise-induced muscle damage. Oral optimized curcumin supplementation did not significantly reduced subjective quadriceps muscle soreness for this sample size following exercise induced muscle damage. These findings support the use of oral, optimized curcumin supplementation to reduce the biological symptoms associated with exercise induced muscle damage. The next logical step is to evaluated oral, optimized curcumin supplementation in an inflammatory clinical disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Adam S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Andrea L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Jill N Best Sampson
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Kathryn Pennel
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - David W Hill
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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Dynamic microvesicle release and clearance within the cardiovascular system: triggers and mechanisms. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:915-31. [PMID: 26359252 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interest in cell-derived microvesicles (or microparticles) within cardiovascular diagnostics and therapeutics is rapidly growing. Microvesicles are often measured in the circulation at a single time point. However, it is becoming clear that microvesicle levels both increase and decrease rapidly in response to certain stimuli such as hypoxia, acute cardiac stress, shear stress, hypertriglyceridaemia and inflammation. Consequently, the levels of circulating microvesicles will reflect the balance between dynamic mechanisms for release and clearance. The present review describes the range of triggers currently known to lead to microvesicle release from different cellular origins into the circulation. Specifically, the published data are used to summarize the dynamic impact of these triggers on the degree and rate of microvesicle release. Secondly, a summary of the current understanding of microvesicle clearance via different cellular systems, including the endothelial cell and macrophage, is presented, based on reported studies of clearance in experimental models and clinical scenarios, such as transfusion or cardiac stress. Together, this information can be used to provide insights into potential underlying biological mechanisms that might explain the increases or decreases in circulating microvesicle levels that have been reported and help to design future clinical studies.
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Microparticle levels after arterial injury and NO therapy in diabetes. J Surg Res 2015; 200:722-31. [PMID: 26490225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how arterial injury, nitric oxide (NO), or the diabetic milieu impact microparticle (MP) levels in the vasculature. We hypothesized that MP levels would increase following local arterial injury, and that NO would modify MP levels differently based on the metabolic environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Type 1 diabetes was induced in male Lean Zucker (LZ) rats with streptozotocin, and type 2 diabetes was induced in male Zucker diabetic fatty rats through diet. Lean Zucker rats served as nondiabetic controls. The rat carotid balloon injury was performed ± NO (n > 4/group). Blood was obtained at intervals from baseline to 14 d after injury and analyzed for platelet MP (PMP), leukocyte MP (LMP), and endothelial MP (EMP) using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. RESULTS At baseline, type 1 diabetic rats had the highest EMP levels (P < 0.05). After arterial injury, type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats had a transient increase in EMP levels (P < 0.05) before decreasing below baseline levels. Both LMP and PMP levels generally declined after injury in all three animal models but were the lowest in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats. NO therapy had little impact on MP levels in nondiabetic and type 1 diabetic rats after injury. Conversely, NO caused a dramatic increase in EMP, LMP, and PMP levels in type 2 diabetic animals at early time points after injury (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the diabetic milieu impacts MP levels at baseline, after arterial injury and with NO treatment.
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Using image-based flow cytometry to measure monocyte oxidized LDL phagocytosis: A potential risk factor for CVD? J Immunol Methods 2015; 423:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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McFarlin BK, Venable AS, Henning AL, Prado EA, Best Sampson JN, Vingren JL, Hill DW. Natural cocoa consumption: Potential to reduce atherogenic factors? J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:626-32. [PMID: 25769436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Short-term consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa has been demonstrated to improve various facets of vascular health. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of 4 weeks of natural cocoa consumption on selected cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers in young (19-35 years) women of differing body mass indices (BMI; normal, overweight or obese). Subjects (n = 24) consumed a natural cocoa-containing product (12.7 g natural cocoa, 148 kcal/serving) or an isocaloric cocoa-free placebo daily for 4 weeks in a random, double-blind manner with a 2-week washout period between treatment arms. Fasted (>8-h) blood samples were collected before and after each 4-week period. Serum was analyzed to determine lipid profile (chemistry analyzer) and CVD biomarkers (26 biomarkers). EDTA-treated blood was used to assess monocytes (CD14, CD16, v11b and CD62L), while citrate-treated blood was used to measure changes in endothelial microparticles (EMPs; CD42a-/45-/144+) by flow cytometry. Natural cocoa consumption resulted in a significant decrease in haptoglobin (P = .034), EMP concentration (P = .017) and monocyte CD62L (P = .047) in obese compared to overweight and normal-weight subjects. Natural cocoa consumption regardless of BMI group was associated with an 18% increase in high-density lipoprotein (P = .020) and a 60% decrease in EMPs (P = .047). Also, obese subjects experienced a 21% decrease in haptoglobin (P = .034) and a 24% decrease in monocyte CD62L expression in (P = .047) following 4 weeks of natural cocoa consumption. Collectively, these findings indicate that acute natural cocoa consumption was associated with decreased obesity-related disease risk. More research is needed to assess the stability of the observed short-term changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Adam S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Andrea L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Eric A Prado
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Jill N Best Sampson
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - David W Hill
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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McFarlin BK, Venable AS, Prado EA, Henning AL, Williams RR. Image-based flow cytometry technique to evaluate changes in granulocyte function in vitro. J Vis Exp 2014:52201. [PMID: 25591001 PMCID: PMC4354483 DOI: 10.3791/52201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocytes play a key role in the body's innate immune response to bacterial and viral infections. While methods exist to measure granulocyte function, in general these are limited in terms of the information they can provide. For example, most existing assays merely provide a percentage of how many granulocytes are activated following a single, fixed length incubation. Complicating matters, most assays focus on only one aspect of function due to limitations in detection technology. This report demonstrates a technique for simultaneous measurement of granulocyte phagocytosis of bacteria and oxidative burst. By measuring both of these functions at the same time, three unique phenotypes of activated granulocytes were identified: 1) Low Activation (minimal phagocytosis, no oxidative burst), 2) Moderate Activation (moderate phagocytosis, some oxidative burst, but no co-localization of the two functional events), and 3) High Activation (high phagocytosis, high oxidative burst, co-localization of phagocytosis and oxidative burst). A fourth population that consisted of inactivated granulocytes was also identified. Using assay incubations of 10, 20, and 40-min the effect of assay incubation duration on the redistribution of activated granulocyte phenotypes was assessed. A fourth incubation was completed on ice as a control. By using serial time incubations, the assay may be able to able to detect how a treatment spatially affects granulocyte function. All samples were measured using an image-based flow cytometer equipped with a quantitative imaging (QI) option, autosampler, and multiple lasers (488, 642, and 785 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas
| | - Eric A Prado
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas
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Wang Y, Zeng XB, Yao FJ, Wu F, Su C, Fan ZG, Zhu Z, Tao J, Huang YJ. Endurance capacity is not correlated with endothelial function in male university students. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103814. [PMID: 25101975 PMCID: PMC4125158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endurance capacity, assessed by 1000-meter (1000 m) run of male university students, is an indicator of cardiovascular fitness in Chinese students physical fitness surveillance. Although cardiovascular fitness is related to endothelial function closely in patients with cardiovascular diseases, it remains unclear whether endurance capacity correlates with endothelial function, especially with circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs), a new sensitive marker of endothelial dysfunction in young students. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between endurance capacity and endothelial function in male university students. Methods Forty-seven healthy male university students (mean age, 20.1±0.6 years; mean height, 172.4±6.3 cm; and mean weight, 60.0±8.2 kg) were recruited in this study. The measurement procedure of 1000 m run time was followed to Chinese national students Constitutional Health Criterion. Endothelium function was assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in the brachial artery measured by ultrasonic imaging, and the level of circulating EMPs was measured by flow cytometry. Cardiovascular fitness indicator - maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) - was also measured on a cycle ergometer using a portable gas analyzer. Results 1000 m run time was correlated with VO2max (r = −0.399, p<0.05). However, there were no correlations between VO2max and FMD or levels of circulating CD31+/CD42- microparticles. Similarly, no correlations were found between 1000 m run time and FMD, and levels of circulating CD31+/CD42- microparticles in these male university students (p>0.05). Conclusion The correlations between endurance capacity or cardiovascular fitness and endothelial function were not found in healthy Chinese male university students. These results suggest that endurance capacity may not reflect endothelial function in healthy young adults with well preserved FMD and low level of circulating CD31+/CD42-EMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Physical examination center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-bo Zeng
- Education School of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-juan Yao
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Su
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-guo Fan
- Education School of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JT); (YH)
| | - Yi-jun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JT); (YH)
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The postprandial situation as a pro-inflammatory condition. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2014; 26:184-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Quesenberry PJ, Goldberg LR, Aliotta JM, Dooner MS, Pereira MG, Wen S, Camussi G. Cellular phenotype and extracellular vesicles: basic and clinical considerations. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1429-36. [PMID: 24564699 PMCID: PMC4066231 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early work on platelet and erythrocyte vesicles interpreted the phenomena as a discard of material from cells. Subsequently, vesicles were studied as possible vaccines and, most recently, there has been a focus on the effects of vesicles on cell fate. Recent studies have indicated that extracellular vesicles, previously referred to as microvesicles or exosomes, have the capacity to change the phenotype of neighboring cells. Extensive work has shown that vesicles derived from either the lung or liver can enter bone marrow cells (this is a prerequisite) and alter their fate toward that of the originating liver and lung tissue. Lung vesicles interacted with bone marrow cells result in the bone marrow cells expressing surfactants A-D, Clara cell protein, and aquaporin-5 mRNA. In a similar vein, liver-derived vesicles induce albumin mRNA in target marrow cells. The vesicles contain protein, mRNA, microRNA, and noncoding RNA and variably some DNA. This genetic package is delivered to cells and alters the phenotype. Further studies have shown that initially the altered phenotype is due to the transfer of mRNA and a transcriptional modulator, but long-term epigenetic changes are induced through transfer of a transcriptional factor, and the mRNA is rapidly degraded in the cell. Studies on the capacity of vesicles to restore injured tissue have been quite informative. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived vesicles are able to reverse the injury to the damaged liver and kidney. Other studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived vesicles can reverse radiation toxicity of bone marrow stem cells. Extracellular vesicles offer an intriguing strategy for treating a number of diseases characterized by tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Quesenberry
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Medical Oncology Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Laura R. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Medical Oncology Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jason M. Aliotta
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Mark S. Dooner
- Department of Medical Oncology Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Mandy G. Pereira
- Department of Medical Oncology Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sicheng Wen
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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An analysis of endothelial microparticles as a function of cell surface antibodies and centrifugation techniques. J Immunol Methods 2014; 406:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gabriel BM, Pugh J, Pruneta-Deloche V, Moulin P, Ratkevicius A, Gray SR. The effect of high intensity interval exercise on postprandial triacylglycerol and leukocyte activation--monitored for 48 h post exercise. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82669. [PMID: 24349333 PMCID: PMC3857256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Postprandial phenomenon are thought to contribute to atherogenesis alongside activation of the immune system. A single bout of high intensity interval exercise attenuates postprandial triacylglycerol (TG), although the longevity and mechanisms underlying this observation are unknown. The aims of this study were to determine whether this attenuation in postprandial TG remained 2 days after high intensity interval exercise, to monitor markers of leukocyte activation and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Eight young men each completed two three day trials. On day 1: subjects rested (Control) or performed 5 x 30 s maximal sprints (high intensity interval exercise). On day 2 and 3 subjects consumed high fat meals for breakfast and 3 h later for lunch. Blood samples were taken at various times and analysed for TG, glucose and TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL)-bound LPL-dependent TRL-TG hydrolysis (LTTH). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate granulocyte, monocyte and lymphocyte CD11b and CD36 expression. On day 2 after high intensity interval exercise TG area under the curve was lower (P<0.05) (7.46±1.53 mmol/l/7h) compared to the control trial (9.47±3.04 mmol/l/7h) with no differences during day 3 of the trial. LTTH activity was higher (P<0.05) after high intensity interval exercise, at 2 hours of day 2, compared to control. Granulocyte, monocyte and lymphocyte CD11b expression increased with time over day 2 and 3 of the study (P<0.0001). Lymphocyte and monocyte CD36 expression decreased with time over day 2 and 3 (P<0.05). There were no differences between trials in CD11b and CD36 expression on any leukocytes. A single session of high intensity interval exercise attenuated postprandial TG on day 2 of the study, with this effect abolished by day 3.The reduction in postprandial TG was associated with an increase in LTTH. High intensity interval exercise had no effect on postprandial responses of CD11b or CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie Pugh
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philippe Moulin
- Endocrinology Department, Hopital Louis Pradel, University Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aivaras Ratkevicius
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Robert Gray
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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den Hartigh LJ, Altman R, Norman JE, Rutledge JC. Postprandial VLDL lipolysis products increase monocyte adhesion and lipid droplet formation via activation of ERK2 and NFκB. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 306:H109-20. [PMID: 24163071 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00137.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia is characterized by a transient increase in circulating triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and has been shown to activate monocytes in vivo. Lipolysis of VLDL releases remnant particles, phospholipids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and fatty acids in close proximity to endothelial cells and monocytes. We hypothesized that postprandial VLDL lipolysis products could activate and recruit monocytes by increasing monocyte expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, and that such activation is related to the development of lipid droplets. Freshly isolated human monocytes were treated with VLDL lipolysis products (2.28 mmol/l triglycerides + 2 U/ml lipoprotein lipase), and monocyte adhesion to a primed endothelial monolayer was observed using a parallel plate flow chamber coupled with a CCD camera. Treated monocytes showed more rolling and adhesion than controls, and an increase in transmigration between endothelial cells. The increased adhesive events were related to elevated expression of key integrin complexes including Mac-1 [α(m)-integrin (CD11b)/β2-integrin (CD18)], CR4 [α(x)-integrin (CD11c)/CD18] and VLA-4 [α4-integrin (CD49d)/β1-integrin (CD29)] on treated monocytes. Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and THP-1 monocytes with VLDL lipolysis products increased expression of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-8 over controls, with concurrent activation of NFkB and AP-1. NFκB and AP-1-induced cytokine and integrin expression was dependent on ERK and Akt phosphorylation. Additionally, fatty acids from VLDL lipolysis products induced ERK2-dependent lipid droplet formation in monocytes, suggesting a link to inflammatory signaling pathways. These results provide novel mechanisms for postprandial monocyte activation by VLDL lipolysis products, suggesting new pathways and biomarkers for chronic, intermittent vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J den Hartigh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition, and Vascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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Brandauer J, Landers-Ramos RQ, Jenkins NT, Spangenburg EE, Hagberg JM, Prior SJ. Effects of prior acute exercise on circulating cytokine concentration responses to a high-fat meal. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00040. [PMID: 24303126 PMCID: PMC3834997 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat meal consumption alters the circulating cytokine profile and contributes to cardiometabolic diseases. A prior bout of exercise can ameliorate the triglyceride response to a high-fat meal, but the interactive effects of exercise and high-fat meals on cytokines that mediate cardiometabolic risk are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of prior exercise on the responses of circulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, leptin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) to a high-fat meal. Ten healthy men were studied before and 4 h after ingestion of a high-fat meal either with or without ∼50 min of endurance exercise at 70% of VO2 max on the preceding day. In response to the high-fat meal, lower leptin and higher VEGF, bFGF, IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations were evident (P < 0.05 for all). There was no effect of the high-fat meal on PlGF, TNF-α, or RBP4 concentrations. We found lower leptin concentrations with prior exercise (P < 0.05) and interactive effects of prior exercise and the high-fat meal on sFlt-1 (P < 0.05). The high-fat meal increased IL-6 by 59% without prior exercise and 218% with prior exercise (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a prior bout of endurance exercise does not affect all high-fat meal-induced changes in circulating cytokines, but does affect fasting or postprandial concentrations of IL-6, leptin, and sFlt-1. These data may reflect a salutary effect of prior exercise on metabolic responses to a high-fat meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Brandauer
- Department of Health Sciences, Gettysburg College Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 17325
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Witwer KW, Buzás EI, Bemis LT, Bora A, Lässer C, Lötvall J, Nolte-'t Hoen EN, Piper MG, Sivaraman S, Skog J, Théry C, Wauben MH, Hochberg F. Standardization of sample collection, isolation and analysis methods in extracellular vesicle research. J Extracell Vesicles 2013; 2:20360. [PMID: 24009894 PMCID: PMC3760646 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v2i0.20360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1642] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of publications on extracellular RNA (exRNA) and extracellular vesicles (EV) has highlighted the potential of these molecules and vehicles as biomarkers of disease and therapeutic targets. These findings have created a paradigm shift, most prominently in the field of oncology, prompting expanded interest in the field and dedication of funds for EV research. At the same time, understanding of EV subtypes, biogenesis, cargo and mechanisms of shuttling remains incomplete. The techniques that can be harnessed to address the many gaps in our current knowledge were the subject of a special workshop of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) in New York City in October 2012. As part of the “ISEV Research Seminar: Analysis and Function of RNA in Extracellular Vesicles (evRNA)”, 6 round-table discussions were held to provide an evidence-based framework for isolation and analysis of EV, purification and analysis of associated RNA molecules, and molecular engineering of EV for therapeutic intervention. This article arises from the discussion of EV isolation and analysis at that meeting. The conclusions of the round table are supplemented with a review of published materials and our experience. Controversies and outstanding questions are identified that may inform future research and funding priorities. While we emphasize the need for standardization of specimen handling, appropriate normative controls, and isolation and analysis techniques to facilitate comparison of results, we also recognize that continual development and evaluation of techniques will be necessary as new knowledge is amassed. On many points, consensus has not yet been achieved and must be built through the reporting of well-controlled experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, USA
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Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a turning point in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis and its complications and is predictive of future cardiovascular events. Ingestion of high-carbohydrate or high-fat meals often results in postprandial hyperglycaemia and/or hypertriacylglycerolaemia that may lead to a transient impairment in endothelial function. The present review will discuss human studies evaluating the impact of high-carbohydrate and high-fat challenges on postprandial endothelial function as well as the potential role of oxidative stress in such postprandial metabolic alterations. Moreover, the present review will differentiate the postprandial endothelial and oxidative impact of meals rich in varying fatty acid types.
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