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Toyama M, Kouzaki H, Shimizu T, Hirakawa H, Suzuki M. Butyrate inhibits type 2 inflammation in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 714:149967. [PMID: 38669752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Butyrate and other Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are microbial metabolites from Bacteroides and Clostridium species that may suppress type 2 inflammation. However, the mechanisms of SCFAs in the nasal sinuses are not fully understood. We aimed to clarify the in vitro and in vivo roles of SCFAs in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) pathophysiology. We investigated whether SCFAs induced changes in type 2 cytokines, IgE, and apoptosis and the roles of GPR41, GPR43, and histone deacetylase. Analysis of the control subjects demonstrated that butyrate of SCFAs effectively inhibited type 2 cytokine production in PBMCs, ILC2s, and CD4+ T cells and IgE production in CD19+ B cells. In annexin V analysis, butyrate also induced late apoptosis of PBMCs. The butyrate-induced inhibition of type 2 cytokines appeared involved in histone deacetylase inhibition but not in GPR41 or GPR43. In an analysis of ECRS in humans, butyrate inhibited type 2 cytokine production in PBMCs and nasal polyp-derived cells. The butyrate concentration in nasal lavage fluid was significantly decreased in ECRS patients compared to controls and non-ECRS patients. Our findings confirm that butyrate can inhibit type 2 inflammation and may be a potential therapeutic target for ECRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatomo Toyama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kouzaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hirakawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Mikio Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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2
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Ragavan ML, Hemalatha S. The functional roles of short chain fatty acids as postbiotics in human gut: future perspectives. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:275-285. [PMID: 38222911 PMCID: PMC10786766 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The significance of gut microbiome and their metabolites (postbiotics) on human health could be a promising approach to treat various diseases that includes inflammatory bowel diseases, colon cancer, and many neurological disorders. Probiotics with potential mental health benefits (psychobiotics) can alter the gut-brain axis via immunological, humoral, neuronal, and metabolic pathways. Recently, probiotic bacteria like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have been demonstrated for SCFAs production, which play a crucial role in a variety of diseases. These acids could enhance the production of mucins, antimicrobial proteins (bacteriocins and peptides), cytokines (Interleukin 10 and 18) and neurotransmitters (serotonin) in the intestine to main the gut microbiota, intestinal barrier system and other immune functions. In this review, we discuss about two mechanisms such as (i) SCFAs mediated intestinal barrier system, and (ii) SCFAs mediated gut-brain axis to elucidate the therapeutic options for the treatment/prevention of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Hemalatha
- School of Life Sciences, BSACIST, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
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3
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Duan H, Wang L, Huangfu M, Li H. The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115276. [PMID: 37542852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates by gut microbiota play a crucial role in regulating host physiology. Among them, acetate, propionate, and butyrate are key players in various biological processes. Recent research has revealed their significant functions in immune and inflammatory responses. For instance, butyrate reduces the development of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) generating cells while promoting the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Propionate inhibits the initiation of a Th2 immune response by dendritic cells (DCs). Notably, SCFAs have an inhibitory impact on the polarization of M2 macrophages, emphasizing their immunomodulatory properties and potential for therapeutics. In animal models of asthma, both butyrate and propionate suppress the M2 polarization pathway, thus reducing allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, dysbiosis of gut microbiota leading to altered SCFA production has been implicated in prostate cancer progression. SCFAs trigger autophagy in cancer cells and promote M2 polarization in macrophages, accelerating tumor advancement. Manipulating microbiota- producing SCFAs holds promise for cancer treatment. Additionally, SCFAs enhance the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) by blocking histone deacetylase, resulting in increased production of antibacterial effectors and improved macrophage-mediated elimination of microorganisms. This highlights the antimicrobial potential of SCFAs and their role in host defense mechanisms. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest research on the functional aspects and underlying mechanisms of SCFAs in relation to macrophage activities in a wide range of diseases, including infectious diseases and cancers. By elucidating the intricate interplay between SCFAs and macrophage functions, this review aims to contribute to the understanding of their therapeutic potential and pave the way for future interventions targeting SCFAs in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Duan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - LiJuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Mingmei Huangfu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Hanyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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4
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Feng C, Jin C, Liu K, Yang Z. Microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids: Their role and mechanisms in viral infections. Biomed Pharmacother 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
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5
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Phenolic compounds as histone deacetylase inhibitors: binding propensity and interaction insights from molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03249-6. [PMID: 36781452 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases are well-established target enzymes involved in the pathology of different diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The approved HDAC inhibitor drugs are associated with cellular toxicities. Different phenolic compounds have been shown to possess inhibitory activities against HDACs and are, therefore, considered safer alternatives to synthetic compounds. Here, we elucidated the binding mode and calculated the binding propensity of some of the top phenolic compounds against different isoforms representing different classes of Zn2+ ion-containing HDACs using the molecular docking approach. Our data reaffirmed the activity of the studied phenolic compounds against HDACs. Binding interaction analysis suggested that these compounds can block the activity of HDACs with or without binding to the active site zinc metal ion. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out on the selected crystal and docking complexes of each selected HDAC isoform. Analysis of root-mean-square displacement (RMSD) showed that the phenolic compounds demonstrated a stable binding mode over 50 ns in a way that is comparable to the cocrystal ligands. Together, these findings can aid future efforts in the search for natural inhibitors of HDACs.
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6
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Microbial Metabolites Orchestrate a Distinct Multi-Tiered Regulatory Network in the Intestinal Epithelium That Directs P-Glycoprotein Expression. mBio 2022; 13:e0199322. [PMID: 35968955 PMCID: PMC9426490 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01993-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a key component of the intestinal epithelium playing a pivotal role in removal of toxins and efflux of endocannabinoids to prevent excessive inflammation and sustain homeostasis. Recent studies revealed butyrate and secondary bile acids, produced by the intestinal microbiome, potentiate the induction of functional P-gp expression. We now aim to determine the molecular mechanism by which this functional microbiome output regulates P-gp. RNA sequencing of intestinal epithelial cells responding to butyrate and secondary bile acids in combination discovered a unique transcriptional program involving multiple pathways that converge on P-gp induction. Using shRNA knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout cell lines, as well as mouse models, we confirmed the RNA sequencing findings and discovered a role for intestinal HNF4α in P-gp regulation. These findings shed light on a sophisticated signaling network directed by intestinal microbial metabolites that orchestrate P-gp expression and highlight unappreciated connections between multiple pathways linked to colonic health. IMPORTANCE Preventing aberrant inflammation is essential to maintaining homeostasis in the mammalian intestine. Although P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in the intestine is critical for protecting the intestinal epithelium from toxins and damage due to neutrophil infiltration, its regulation in the intestine is poorly understood. Findings presented in our current study have now uncovered a sophisticated and heretofore unappreciated intracellular signaling network or "reactome" directed by intestinal microbial metabolites that orchestrate regulation of P-gp. Not only do we confirm the role of histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibition and nuclear receptor activation in P-gp induction by butyrate and bile acids, but we also discovered new signaling pathways and transcription factors that are uniquely activated in response to the combination of microbial metabolites. Such findings shed new light into a multi-tiered network that maintains P-gp expression in the intestine in the context of the fluctuating commensal microbiome, to sustain a homeostatic tone in the absence of infection or insult.
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7
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Macklin BL, Lin YY, Emmerich K, Wisniewski E, Polster BM, Konstantopoulos K, Mumm JS, Gerecht S. Intrinsic epigenetic control of angiogenesis in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelium regulates vascular regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:28. [PMID: 35551465 PMCID: PMC9098630 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (iECs) provide opportunities to study vascular development and regeneration, develop cardiovascular therapeutics, and engineer model systems for drug screening. The differentiation and characterization of iECs are well established; however, the mechanisms governing their angiogenic phenotype remain unknown. Here, we aimed to determine the angiogenic phenotype of iECs and the regulatory mechanism controlling their regenerative capacity. In a comparative study with HUVECs, we show that iECs increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) mediates their highly angiogenic phenotype via regulation of glycolysis enzymes, filopodia formation, VEGF mediated migration, and robust sprouting. We find that the elevated expression of VEGFR2 is epigenetically regulated via intrinsic acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 by histone acetyltransferase P300. Utilizing a zebrafish xenograft model, we demonstrate that the ability of iECs to promote the regeneration of the amputated fin can be modulated by P300 activity. These findings demonstrate how the innate epigenetic status of iECs regulates their phenotype with implications for their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bria L Macklin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Ying-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Kevin Emmerich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Emily Wisniewski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Jeff S Mumm
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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8
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Ryu TY, Kim K, Han TS, Lee MO, Lee J, Choi J, Jung KB, Jeong EJ, An DM, Jung CR, Lim JH, Jung J, Park K, Lee MS, Kim MY, Oh SJ, Hur K, Hamamoto R, Park DS, Kim DS, Son MY, Cho HS. Human gut-microbiome-derived propionate coordinates proteasomal degradation via HECTD2 upregulation to target EHMT2 in colorectal cancer. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:1205-1221. [PMID: 34972816 PMCID: PMC9038766 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome plays an essential role in the human immune system, food digestion, and protection from harmful bacteria by colonizing the human intestine. Recently, although the human microbiome affects colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, the mode of action between the microbiome and CRC remains unclear. This study showed that propionate suppressed CRC growth by promoting the proteasomal degradation of euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2) through HECT domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (HECTD2) upregulation. In addition, EHMT2 downregulation reduced the H3K9me2 level on the promoter region of tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 1 (TNFAIP1) as a novel direct target of EHMT2. Subsequently, TNFAIP1 upregulation induced the apoptosis of CRC cells. Furthermore, using Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron culture medium, we confirmed EHMT2 downregulation via upregulation of HECTD2 and TNFAIP1 upregulation. Finally, we observed the synergistic effect of propionate and an EHMT2 inhibitor (BIX01294) in 3D spheroid culture models. Thus, we suggest the anticancer effects of propionate and EHMT2 as therapeutic targets for colon cancer treatment and may provide the possibility for the synergistic effects of an EHMT2 inhibitor and microbiome in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Young Ryu
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangho Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Su Han
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkwon Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeon Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Bo Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Jeong
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Mi An
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Lim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeeun Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhyang Park
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Oh
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center and Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hur
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Doo-Sang Park
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Ruzic D, Djoković N, Srdić-Rajić T, Echeverria C, Nikolic K, Santibanez JF. Targeting Histone Deacetylases: Opportunities for Cancer Treatment and Chemoprevention. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010209. [PMID: 35057104 PMCID: PMC8778744 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of gene expression is a critical event involved in all steps of tumorigenesis. Aberrant histone and non-histone acetylation modifications of gene expression due to the abnormal activation of histone deacetylases (HDAC) have been reported in hematologic and solid types of cancer. In this sense, the cancer-associated epigenetic alterations are promising targets for anticancer therapy and chemoprevention. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) induce histone hyperacetylation within target proteins, altering cell cycle and proliferation, cell differentiation, and the regulation of cell death programs. Over the last three decades, an increasing number of synthetic and naturally derived compounds, such as dietary-derived products, have been demonstrated to act as HDACi and have provided biological and molecular insights with regard to the role of HDAC in cancer. The first part of this review is focused on the biological roles of the Zinc-dependent HDAC family in malignant diseases. Accordingly, the small-molecules and natural products such as HDACi are described in terms of cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Furthermore, structural considerations are included to improve the HDACi selectivity and combinatory potential with other specific targeting agents in bifunctional inhibitors and proteolysis targeting chimeras. Additionally, clinical trials that combine HDACi with current therapies are discussed, which may open new avenues in terms of the feasibility of HDACi’s future clinical applications in precision cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Ruzic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.R.); (N.D.); (K.N.)
| | - Nemanja Djoković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.R.); (N.D.); (K.N.)
| | - Tatjana Srdić-Rajić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Cesar Echeverria
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapo 1531772, Chile;
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.R.); (N.D.); (K.N.)
| | - Juan F. Santibanez
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 4, POB 102, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2685-788; Fax: +381-11-2643-691
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the interplay behind how a high-fibre diet leads to lower blood pressure (BP) via the gut microbiome. RECENT FINDINGS Compelling evidence from meta-analyses support dietary fibre prevents the development of cardiovascular disease and reduces BP. This relation is due to gut microbial metabolites, called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from fibre fermentation. The SCFAs acetate, propionate and butyrate lower BP in independent hypertensive models. Mechanisms are diverse but still not fully understood-for example, they include G protein-coupled receptors, epigenetics, immune cells, the renin-angiotensin system and vasculature changes. Lack of dietary fibre leads to changes to the gut microbiota that drive an increase in BP. The mechanisms involved are unknown. The intricate interplay between fibre, the gut microbiota and SCFAs may represent novel therapeutic approaches for high BP. Other gut microbiota-derived metabolites, produced when fibre intake is low, may hold potential therapeutic applications. Further translational evidence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chudan Xu
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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11
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Singh S, Senapati P, Kundu TK. Metabolic Regulation of Lysine Acetylation: Implications in Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:393-426. [PMID: 36301501 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is the second most well-studied post-translational modification after phosphorylation. While phosphorylation regulates signaling cascades, one of the most significant roles of acetylation is regulation of chromatin structure. Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) serves as the acetyl group donor for acetylation reactions mediated by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs). On the other hand, NAD+ serves as the cofactor for lysine deacetylases (KDACs). Both acetyl-CoA and NAD+ are metabolites integral to energy metabolism, and therefore, their metabolic flux can regulate the activity of KATs and KDACs impacting the epigenome. In this chapter, we review our current understanding of how metabolic pathways regulate lysine acetylation in normal and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Singh
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Parijat Senapati
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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12
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Interplay between Candida albicans and Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Impact on Colonization Resistance, Microbial Carriage, Opportunistic Infection, and Host Immunity. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0032320. [PMID: 34259567 PMCID: PMC8404691 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00323-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have highlighted the disproportionate role of Candida albicans in influencing both early community assembly of the bacterial microbiome and dysbiosis during allergic diseases and intestinal inflammation. Nonpathogenic colonization of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract by C. albicans is common, and the role of this single fungal species in modulating bacterial community reassembly after broad-spectrum antibiotics can be readily recapitulated in mouse studies. One of the most notable features of C. albicans-associated dysbiotic states is a marked change in the levels of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). C. albicans and LAB share metabolic niches throughout the GI tract, and in vitro studies have identified various interactions between these microbes. The two predominant LAB affected are Lactobacillus species and Enterococcus species. Lactobacilli can antagonize enterococci and C. albicans, while Enterococcus faecalis and C. albicans have been reported to exhibit a mutualistic relationship. E. faecalis and C. albicans are also causative agents of a variety of life-threatening infections, are frequently isolated together from mixed-species infections, and share certain similarities in clinical presentation-most notably their emergence as opportunistic pathogens following disruption of the microbiota. In this review, we discuss and model the mechanisms used by Lactobacillus species, E. faecalis, and C. albicans to modulate each other's growth and virulence in the GI tract. With multidrug-resistant E. faecalis and C. albicans strains becoming increasingly common in hospital settings, examining the interplay between these three microbes may provide novel insights for enhancing the efficacy of existing antimicrobial therapies.
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13
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Zhao Y, Wang D, Huang Y, Wu D, Ji X, Zhou X, Xia D, Yang X. Maternal butyrate supplementation affects the lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition in the skeletal muscle of offspring piglets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:959-966. [PMID: 34703913 PMCID: PMC8521173 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Maternal sodium butyrate (SB) intake has important effects on offspring growth and development. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of maternal SB supplementation during gestation and lactation on fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in the offspring skeletal muscle of pigs. Twenty sows (Yorkshire, parity 2 to 3) were assigned to the control group (diets without SB, n = 10) and SB group (diets with 0.1% SB, n = 10). The results showed maternal SB supplementation throughout gestation and lactation increased (P < 0.05) body weight of offspring piglets at weaning. The concentrations of triglyceride in plasma and milk were enhanced (P < 0.05). Maternal SB induced (P < 0.05) lipid accumulation with increased expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) by enrichment of the acetylation of H3 acetylation K27 (H3K27) in offspring skeletal muscle. Meanwhile, the concentrations of C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA decreased (P < 0.05) in skeletal muscle of weaning piglets derived from SB sows. Together, these results showed that maternal SB supplementation could influence offspring growth performance, lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition of the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Danping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dangdang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | | | - Dong Xia
- Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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14
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Thomas SP, Denu JM. Short-chain fatty acids activate acetyltransferase p300. eLife 2021; 10:72171. [PMID: 34677127 PMCID: PMC8585482 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced in large quantities by the gut microbiome and contribute to a wide array of physiological processes. While the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, many effects of SCFAs have been traced to changes in the cell's epigenetic state. Here, we systematically investigate how SCFAs alter the epigenome. Using quantitative proteomics of histone modification states, we identified rapid and sustained increases in histone acetylation after the addition of butyrate or propionate, but not acetate. While decades of prior observations would suggest that hyperacetylation induced by SCFAs are due to inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), we found that propionate and butyrate instead activate the acetyltransferase p300. Propionate and butyrate are rapidly converted to the corresponding acyl-CoAs which are then used by p300 to catalyze auto-acylation of the autoinhibitory loop, activating the enzyme for histone/protein acetylation. This data challenges the long-held belief that SCFAs mainly regulate chromatin by inhibiting HDACs, and instead reveals a previously unknown mechanism of HAT activation that can explain how an influx of low levels of SCFAs alters global chromatin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney P Thomas
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, United States.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
| | - John M Denu
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, United States.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, United States
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15
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Karoor V, Strassheim D, Sullivan T, Verin A, Umapathy NS, Dempsey EC, Frank DN, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya E. The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Attenuates Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Inflammation in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9916. [PMID: 34576081 PMCID: PMC8467617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiovascular disorder in which local vascular inflammation leads to increased pulmonary vascular remodeling and ultimately to right heart failure. The HDAC inhibitor butyrate, a product of microbial fermentation, is protective in inflammatory intestinal diseases, but little is known regarding its effect on extraintestinal diseases, such as PH. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that butyrate is protective in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of hypoxic PH. Treatment with butyrate (220 mg/kg intake) prevented hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), hypoxia-induced increases in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), pulmonary vascular remodeling, and permeability. A reversal effect of butyrate (2200 mg/kg intake) was observed on elevated RVH. Butyrate treatment also increased the acetylation of histone H3, 25-34 kDa, and 34-50 kDa proteins in the total lung lysates of butyrate-treated animals. In addition, butyrate decreased hypoxia-induced accumulation of alveolar (mostly CD68+) and interstitial (CD68+ and CD163+) lung macrophages. Analysis of cytokine profiles in lung tissue lysates showed a hypoxia-induced upregulation of TIMP-1, CINC-1, and Fractalkine and downregulation of soluble ICAM (sICAM). The expression of Fractalkine and VEGFα, but not CINC-1, TIMP-1, and sICAM was downregulated by butyrate. In rat microvascular endothelial cells (RMVEC), butyrate (1 mM, 2 and 24 h) exhibited a protective effect against TNFα- and LPS-induced barrier disruption. Butyrate (1 mM, 24 h) also upregulated tight junctional proteins (occludin, cingulin, claudin-1) and increased the acetylation of histone H3 but not α-tubulin. These findings provide evidence of the protective effect of butyrate on hypoxic PH and suggest its potential use as a complementary treatment for PH and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (N.S.U.)
| | - Nagavedi S. Umapathy
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (N.S.U.)
- Center for Blood Disorders, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Edward C. Dempsey
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA;
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
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16
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Foley SE, Tuohy C, Dunford M, Grey MJ, De Luca H, Cawley C, Szabady RL, Maldonado-Contreras A, Houghton JM, Ward DV, Mrsny RJ, McCormick BA. Gut microbiota regulation of P-glycoprotein in the intestinal epithelium in maintenance of homeostasis. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:183. [PMID: 34493329 PMCID: PMC8425172 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a critical role in protection of the intestinal epithelia by mediating efflux of drugs/xenobiotics from the intestinal mucosa into the gut lumen. Recent studies bring to light that P-gp also confers a critical link in communication between intestinal mucosal barrier function and the innate immune system. Yet, despite knowledge for over 10 years that P-gp plays a central role in gastrointestinal homeostasis, the precise molecular mechanism that controls its functional expression and regulation remains unclear. Here, we assessed how the intestinal microbiome drives P-gp expression and function. RESULTS We have identified a "functional core" microbiome of the intestinal gut community, specifically genera within the Clostridia and Bacilli classes, that is necessary and sufficient for P-gp induction in the intestinal epithelium in mouse models. Metagenomic analysis of this core microbial community revealed that short-chain fatty acid and secondary bile acid production positively associate with P-gp expression. We have further shown these two classes of microbiota-derived metabolites synergistically upregulate P-gp expression and function in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC), we find diminished P-gp expression coupled to the reduction of epithelial-derived anti-inflammatory endocannabinoids and luminal content (e.g., microbes or their metabolites) with a reduced capability to induce P-gp expression. CONCLUSION Overall, by means of both in vitro and in vivo studies as well as human subject sample analysis, we identify a mechanistic link between cooperative functional outputs of the complex microbial community and modulation of P-gp, an epithelial component, that functions to suppress overactive inflammation to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Hence, our data support a new cross-talk paradigm in microbiome regulation of mucosal inflammation. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sage E. Foley
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Christine Tuohy
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Graduate School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Merran Dunford
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Michael J. Grey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Heidi De Luca
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Caitlin Cawley
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Rose L. Szabady
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Ana Maldonado-Contreras
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Jean Marie Houghton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Doyle V. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Randall J. Mrsny
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
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17
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Di Lorenzo C, Ballerini G, Barbanti P, Bernardini A, D’Arrigo G, Egeo G, Frediani F, Garbo R, Pierangeli G, Prudenzano MP, Rebaudengo N, Semeraro G, Sirianni G, Valente M, Coppola G, Cervenka MC, Spera G. Applications of Ketogenic Diets in Patients with Headache: Clinical Recommendations. Nutrients 2021; 13:2307. [PMID: 34371817 PMCID: PMC8308539 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Headaches are among the most prevalent and disabling neurologic disorders and there are several unmet needs as current pharmacological options are inadequate in treating patients with chronic headache, and a growing interest focuses on nutritional approaches as non-pharmacological treatments. Among these, the largest body of evidence supports the use of the ketogenic diet (KD). Exactly 100 years ago, KD was first used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy, but subsequent applications of this diet also involved other neurological disorders. Evidence of KD effectiveness in migraine emerged in 1928, but in the last several year's different groups of researchers and clinicians began utilizing this therapeutic option to treat patients with drug-resistant migraine, cluster headache, and/or headache comorbid with metabolic syndrome. Here we describe the existing evidence supporting the potential benefits of KDs in the management of headaches, explore the potential mechanisms of action involved in the efficacy in-depth, and synthesize results of working meetings of an Italian panel of experts on this topic. The aim of the working group was to create a clinical recommendation on indications and optimal clinical practice to treat patients with headaches using KDs. The results we present here are designed to advance the knowledge and application of KDs in the treatment of headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherubino Di Lorenzo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Ballerini
- Multidisciplinary Center for Pain Therapy, Piero Palagi Hospital, USL Toscana Centro, 50122 Florence, Italy;
| | - Piero Barbanti
- Headache and Pain Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy; (P.B.); (G.E.)
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, San Raffaele University, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernardini
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Misericordia University Hospital, Santa Maria Della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.B.); (R.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Giacomo D’Arrigo
- Headache Center, Neurology & Stroke Unit, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy; (G.D.); (F.F.)
| | - Gabriella Egeo
- Headache and Pain Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy; (P.B.); (G.E.)
| | - Fabio Frediani
- Headache Center, Neurology & Stroke Unit, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy; (G.D.); (F.F.)
| | - Riccardo Garbo
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Misericordia University Hospital, Santa Maria Della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.B.); (R.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Giulia Pierangeli
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Prudenzano
- Headache Center, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | | | - Grazia Semeraro
- Associazione Eupraxia, Dietary Section, 00171 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Giulio Sirianni
- Associazione Eupraxia, Dietary Section, 00171 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Misericordia University Hospital, Santa Maria Della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.B.); (R.G.); (M.V.)
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Coppola
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Mackenzie C. Cervenka
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Giovanni Spera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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18
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Zhao Y, Hu N, Jiang Q, Zhu L, Zhang M, Jiang J, Xiong M, Yang M, Yang J, Shen L, Zhang S, Niu L, Chen L, Chen D. Protective effects of sodium butyrate on rotavirus inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:69. [PMID: 34112268 PMCID: PMC8194137 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus (RV) is a major pathogen that causes severe gastroenteritis in infants and young animals. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent apoptosis play pivotal role in virus infection. However, the protective mechanisms of intestinal damage caused by RV are poorly defined, especially the molecular pathways related to enterocytes apoptosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of sodium butyrate (SB) on RV-induced apoptosis of IPEC-J2 cells. RESULTS The RV infection led to significant cell apoptosis, increased the expression levels of ER stress (ERS) markers, phosphorylated protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), caspase9, and caspase3. Blocking PERK pathway using specific inhibitor GSK subsequently reversed RV-induced cell apoptosis. The SB treatment significantly inhibited RV-induced ERS by decreasing the expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), PERK, and eIF2α. In addition, SB treatment restrained the ERS-mediated apoptotic pathway, as indicated by downregulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA level, as well as decreased cleaved caspase9 and caspase3 protein levels. Furthermore, siRNA-induced GPR109a knockdown significantly suppressed the protective effect of SB on RV-induced cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SB exerts protective effects against RV-induced cell apoptosis through inhibiting ERS mediated apoptosis by regulating PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway via GPR109a, which provide new ideas for the prevention and control of RV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Ningming Hu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Manyi Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Mingxian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Lili Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China.
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19
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Ragonnaud E, Biragyn A. Gut microbiota as the key controllers of "healthy" aging of elderly people. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2021; 18:2. [PMID: 33397404 PMCID: PMC7784378 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extrinsic factors, such as lifestyle and diet, are shown to be essential in the control of human healthy aging, and thus, longevity. They do so by targeting at least in part the gut microbiome, a collection of commensal microorganisms (microbiota), which colonize the intestinal tract starting after birth, and is established by the age of three. The composition and abundance of individual microbiota appears to continue to change until adulthood, presumably reflecting lifestyle and geographic, racial, and individual differences. Although most of these changes appear to be harmless, a major shift in their composition in the gut (dysbiosis) can trigger harmful local and systemic inflammation. Recent reports indicate that dysbiosis is increased in aging and that the gut microbiota of elderly people is enriched in pro-inflammatory commensals at the expense of beneficial microbes. The clinical consequence of this change remains confusing due to contradictory reports and a high degree of variability of human microbiota and methodologies used. Here, we present the authors’ thoughts that underscore dysbiosis as a primary cause of aging-associated morbidities, and thus, premature death of elderly people. We provide evidence that the dysbiosis triggers a chain of pathological and inflammatory events. Examples include alteration of levels of microbiota-affected metabolites, impaired function and integrity of the gastrointestinal tract, and increased gut leakiness. All of these enhance systemic inflammation, which when associated with aging is termed inflammaging, and result in consequent aging-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Ragonnaud
- Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Arya Biragyn
- Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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20
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Kafer GR, Tanaka Y, Rillo-Bohn R, Shimizu E, Hasegawa K, Carlton PM. Sequential peripheral enrichment of H2A.Zac and H3K9me2 during trophoblast differentiation in human embryonic stem cells. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.245282. [PMID: 33199519 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.245282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the transition from pluripotency to a lineage-committed state, chromatin undergoes large-scale changes in structure, involving covalent modification of histone tails, use of histone variants and gene position changes with respect to the nuclear periphery. Here, using high-resolution microscopy and quantitative image analysis, we surveyed a panel of histone modifications for changes in nuclear peripheral enrichment during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to a trophoblast-like lineage. We found two dynamic modifications at the nuclear periphery, acetylation of histone H2A.Z (H2A.Zac), and dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me2). We demonstrate successive peripheral enrichment of these markers, with H2A.Zac followed by H3K9me2, over the course of 4 days. We find that H3K9me2 increases concomitantly with, but independently of, expression of lamin A, since deletion of lamin A did not affect H3K9me2 enrichment. We further show that inhibition of histone deacetylases causes persistent and increased H2A.Z acetylation at the periphery, delayed H3K9me2 enrichment and failure to differentiate. Our results show a concerted change in the nature of peripheral chromatin occurs upon differentiation into the trophoblast state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Rose Kafer
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Regina Rillo-Bohn
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Eiko Shimizu
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hasegawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Peter M Carlton
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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21
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Couto MR, Gonçalves P, Magro F, Martel F. Microbiota-derived butyrate regulates intestinal inflammation: Focus on inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104947. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Haws SA, Leech CM, Denu JM. Metabolism and the Epigenome: A Dynamic Relationship. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:731-747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Akone SH, Ntie-Kang F, Stuhldreier F, Ewonkem MB, Noah AM, Mouelle SEM, Müller R. Natural Products Impacting DNA Methyltransferases and Histone Deacetylases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:992. [PMID: 32903500 PMCID: PMC7438611 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression and chromatin structure without change in a DNA sequence. Several epigenetic modifications and respective regulators have been reported. These include DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone post-translational modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Emerging evidence has revealed that epigenetic dysregulations are involved in a wide range of diseases including cancers. Therefore, the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications concerning activation or inhibition of enzymes involved could be promising targets and useful tools for the elucidation of cellular and biological phenomena. In this review, emphasis is laid on natural products that inhibit DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) making them promising candidates for the development of lead structures for anticancer-drugs targeting epigenetic modifications. However, most of the natural products targeting HDAC and/or DNMT lack isoform selectivity, which is important for determining their potential use as therapeutic agents. Nevertheless, the structures presented in this review offer the well-founded basis that screening and chemical modifications of natural products will in future provide not only leads to the identification of more specific inhibitors with fewer side effects, but also important features for the elucidation of HDAC and DNMT function with respect to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Herve Akone
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Institute for Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Stuhldreier
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Alexandre Mboene Noah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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24
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Li H, Li H, Waresijiang Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Yu L, Li Y, Liu L. Clinical significance of HDAC1, -2 and -3 expression levels in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:315-324. [PMID: 32536999 PMCID: PMC7282189 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study analyzed the expression of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1, 2 and 3 in primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) samples and how their levels correlate with clinicopathological parameters. ESCC patients (n=88) in the present study had received no previous treatment before undergoing surgical excision. The mRNA expression of HDAC1, -2 and -3 were detected by semi-quantified PCR in ESCC samples and distal normal samples. The relationship of HDAC1, -2 and -3 expression with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed by χ2 test. The correlation among these HDACs was analyzed by Pearson's correlation test. Compared with distal normal tissues, ESCC samples had higher expression of HDAC1, but not HDAC2 or HDAC3 (P<0.05). The expression of HDACs was different between Kazak and Han ethnicities. The expression of HDAC2 was correlated with invasion depth (P<0.05), but not with sex, age, metastasis, or the degree of tumor differentiation (P>0.05). There was no association between HDAC1 or HDAC3 and clinicopathological parameters (P>0.05). For the Kazak and Han ethnicities, HDAC1 expression was present in male patients, patients with well/moderate differentiated ESCC and T3 and T4 ESCC (P<0.01). HDAC1 in patients aged <60 was associated with ethnicity (P<0.05). HDAC2 expression was different in positive LN metastasis, well/moderate differentiation and T3 and T4 ESCC (P<0.01). HDAC3 expression in male patients, patients with negative LN metastasis and well/moderate differentiation ESCC was associated with ethnicity (P<0.05). Additionally, the expression levels of HDAC1, -2 and -3 did not correlate with each other. Thus, HDAC1 expression may be used as a risk factor for ESCC and HDAC2 levels may be used to predict invasion depth. The expression of HDAC1, -2 and -3 has ethnic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwu Li
- Medical Research Center, Yubei People's Hospital, Shantou University, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512025, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Yibulayin Waresijiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yu
- Medical Research Center, Yubei People's Hospital, Shantou University, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512025, P.R. China
| | - Yike Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
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25
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Zsidó BZ, Hetényi C. Molecular Structure, Binding Affinity, and Biological Activity in the Epigenome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114134. [PMID: 32531926 PMCID: PMC7311975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of valid structure–activity relationships (SARs) is a key to the elucidation of pathomechanisms of epigenetic diseases and the development of efficient, new drugs. The present review is based on selected methodologies and applications supplying molecular structure, binding affinity and biological activity data for the development of new SARs. An emphasis is placed on emerging trends and permanent challenges of new discoveries of SARs in the context of proteins as epigenetic drug targets. The review gives a brief overview and classification of the molecular background of epigenetic changes, and surveys both experimental and theoretical approaches in the field. Besides the results of sophisticated, cutting edge techniques such as cryo-electron microscopy, protein crystallography, and isothermal titration calorimetry, examples of frequently used assays and fast screening techniques are also selected. The review features how different experimental methods and theoretical approaches complement each other and result in valid SARs of the epigenome.
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26
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Zhang L, Deng M, Lu A, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wu C, Tan Z, Boini KM, Yang T, Zhu Q, Wang L. Sodium butyrate attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting COX2/PGE2 pathway via a HDAC5/HDAC6-dependent mechanism. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8139-8150. [PMID: 31565858 PMCID: PMC6850921 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium butyrate (NaBu) is reported to play important roles in a number of chronic diseases. The present work is aimed to investigate the effect of NaBu on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and the underlying mechanism in in vivo and in vitro models. Sprague Dawley rats were infused with vehicle or Ang II (200 ng/kg/min) and orally administrated with or without NaBu (1 g/kg/d) for two weeks. Cardiac hypertrophy parameters and COX2/PGE2 pathway were analysed by real-time PCR, ELISA, immunostaining and Western blot. The cardiomyocytes H9C2 cells were used as in vitro model to investigate the role of NaBu (2 mmol/L) in inhibition of Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. NaBu significantly attenuated Ang II-induced increase in the mean arterial pressure. Ang II treatment remarkably increased cardiac hypertrophy as indicated by increased ratio of heart weight/body weight and enlarged cardiomyocyte size, extensive fibrosis and inflammation, as well as enhanced expression of hypertrophic markers, whereas hearts from NaBu-treated rats exhibited a significant reduction in these hypertrophic responses. Mechanistically, NaBu inhibited the expression of COX2/PGE2 along with production of ANP and phosphorylated ERK (pERK) stimulated by Ang II in in vivo and in vitro, which was accompanied by the suppression of HDAC5 and HDAC6 activities. Additionally, knocking down the expression of HDAC5 and HDAC6 via gene-editing strategy dramatically blocked Ang II-induced hypertrophic responses through COX2/PGE2 pathway. These results provide solid evidence that NaBu attenuates Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the activation of COX2/PGE2 pathway in a HDAC5/HDAC6-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Institue of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mokan Deng
- Institue of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Lu
- Institue of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- Institue of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunying Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Tan
- Institue of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Krishna M Boini
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Institue of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Institue of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institue of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Camacho-Moctezuma B, Quevedo-Castillo M, Melendez-Zajgla J, Aquino-Jarquin G, Martinez-Ruiz GU. YY1 negatively regulates the XAF1 gene expression in prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:973-979. [PMID: 30551877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
XAF1 is a tumor suppressor gene with low or absent expression in cancer. Since transcriptional reactivation or ectopic-mediated expression of XAF1 inhibits tumor growth, it is of great interest to elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to XAF1 silencing. YY1 is a transcription factor that acts as a repressor or an activator to modulate several cancer-associated cellular processes. Both YY1 and XAF1 have key roles in prostate cancer (PCa) progression and are associated with worse clinical outcomes. To assess whether YY1 regulates the transcriptional activation of the XAF1 gene, we performed gene-reporter assays coupled with site-directed mutagenesis, which showed that YY1 is able to mediate XAF1 silencing. Concordantly, ChIP-qPCR assays showed that YY1 interacts with the XAF1 promoter in PC3 cells that lacks XAF1 expression. This association was lost after exposure to epigenetic modulators that induce XAF1 expression. Further supporting the YY1's repressive role, we found transcriptional reactivation of the XAF1 gene by YY1 downregulation. As expected by previous reports showing that HDAC1 is needed for YY1-mediated repressive actions, we observed XAF1 re-expression after either inhibition or downregulation of the HDAC1 gene. Finally, expression data retrieved from the TCGA consortium showed that PCa samples presented lower XAF1 and higher HDAC expression levels than normal tissues. Thus, our results support a model in which YY1 is able to silence tumor suppressor genes such as XAF1 through HDAC1 in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Camacho-Moctezuma
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Patologia Experimental, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico; Division de Investigacion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Quevedo-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Patologia Experimental, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico; Division de Investigacion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Melendez-Zajgla
- Genomica Funcional del Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Aquino-Jarquin
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Genomica, Genetica y Bioinformatica, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G U Martinez-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Patologia Experimental, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico; Division de Investigacion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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28
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Al-Keilani MS, Alzoubi KH, Jaradat SA. The effect of combined treatment with sodium phenylbutyrate and cisplatin, erlotinib, or gefitinib on resistant NSCLC cells. Clin Pharmacol 2018; 10:135-140. [PMID: 30349406 PMCID: PMC6186900 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s174074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy resistance is the main cause of the marginal clinical benefit of platinum-based chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, the identification of new therapeutic agents that can enhance the sensitivity of these drugs is of clinical importance. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are emerging as new promising agents with strong antiproliferative effects against different types of cancers. This study investigates the synergistic potential of sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPB) added on top of standard chemotherapy used against NSCLC. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of NaPB to overcome the resistance of NSCLC cell lines to cisplatin, gefitinib, and erlotinib. Methods MTT cell proliferation assay was used to measure the anticancer effects of cisplatin, erlotinib, or gefitinib alone or combined with various concentrations of NaPB against A549, Calu1, and H1650 NSCLC cell lines. Synergism was estimated by measuring synergy value (R), which is equal to the ratio of IC50 of each primary drug alone divided by combination IC50s. Student’s t-test analysis was used to evaluate the potential differences between IC50 values. ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc was used to evaluate the potential differences among monotherapy and combination treatment groups. Analyses were performed using R 3.3.2 software. P-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results NaPB was shown to inhibit the growth of A549, Calu1, and H1650 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 10, 8.53, and 4.53 mM, respectively). Furthermore, the addition of NaPB along with cisplatin, erlotinib, or gefitinib to A549, Calu1, and H1650 cell lines resulted in a synergistic antiproliferative effect against the three NSCLC cell lines (R>1.6, P-value <0.05), thus suggesting that NaPB can potentiate the effect of cisplatin, erlotinib, and gefitinib on A549, Calu1, and H1650 cell lines. Conclusion Current results suggest a potential role of NaPB as a sensitizing agent in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha S Al-Keilani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan,
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan,
| | - Saied A Jaradat
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.,Princess Haya Center for Biotechnology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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29
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Kumar V, Singh B, Singh SK, Rai KM, Singh SP, Sable A, Pant P, Saxena G, Sawant SV. Role of GhHDA5 in H3K9 deacetylation and fiber initiation in Gossypium hirsutum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:1069-1083. [PMID: 29952050 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fibers are single-celled trichomes that initiate from the epidermal cells of the ovules at or before anthesis. Here, we identified that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity is essential for proper cotton fiber initiation. We further identified 15 HDACs homoeologs in each of the A- and D-subgenomes of Gossypium hirsutum. Few of these HDAC homoeologs expressed preferentially during the early stages of fiber development [-1, 0 and 6 days post-anthesis (DPA)]. Among them, GhHDA5 expressed significantly at the time of fiber initiation (-1 and 0 DPA). The in vitro assay for HDAC activity indicated that GhHDA5 primarily deacetylates H3K9 acetylation marks. Moreover, the reduced expression of GhHDA5 also suppresses fiber initiation and lint yield in the RNA interference (RNAi) lines. The 0 DPA ovules of GhHDA5RNAi lines also showed alterations in reactive oxygen species homeostasis and elevated autophagic cell death in the developing fibers. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified through RNA-seq of RNAi line (DEP12) and their pathway analysis showed that GhHDA5 modulates expression of many stress and development-related genes involved in fiber development. The reduced expression of GhHDA5 in the RNAi lines also resulted in H3K9 hyper-acetylation on the promoter region of few DEGs assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. The positively co-expressed genes with GhHDA5 showed cumulative higher expression during fiber initiation, and gene ontology annotation suggests their involvement in fiber development. Furthermore, the predicted protein interaction network in the positively co-expressed genes indicates HDA5 modulates fiber initiation-specific gene expression through a complex involving reported repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verandra Kumar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Babita Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Sunil K Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Krishan M Rai
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Surendra P Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Anshulika Sable
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Poonam Pant
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Gauri Saxena
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Samir V Sawant
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow, India
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30
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Mohammadi A, Sharifi A, Pourpaknia R, Mohammadian S, Sahebkar A. Manipulating macrophage polarization and function using classical HDAC inhibitors: Implications for autoimmunity and inflammation. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 128:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Gill PA, van Zelm MC, Muir JG, Gibson PR. Review article: short chain fatty acids as potential therapeutic agents in human gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:15-34. [PMID: 29722430 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butyrate, propionate and acetate are short chain fatty acids (SCFA), important for maintaining a healthy colon and are considered as protective in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, they may also regulate immune responses and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Consequently, their importance in a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases is emerging. AIMS To review the physiology and metabolism of SCFA in humans, cellular and molecular mechanisms by which SCFA may act in health and disease, and approaches for therapeutic delivery of SCFA. METHODS A PubMed literature search was conducted for clinical and pre-clinical studies using search terms: 'dietary fibre', short-chain fatty acids', 'acetate', 'propionate', 'butyrate', 'inflammation', 'immune', 'gastrointestinal', 'metabolism'. RESULTS A wide range of pre-clinical evidence supports roles for SCFA as modulators of not only colonic function, but also multiple inflammatory and metabolic processes. SCFA are implicated in many autoimmune, allergic and metabolic diseases. However, translating effects of SCFA from animal studies to human disease is limited by physiological and dietary differences and by the challenge of delivering sufficient amounts of SCFA to the target sites that include the colon and the systemic circulation. Development of novel targeted approaches for colonic delivery, combined with postbiotic supplementation, may represent desirable strategies to achieve adequate targeted SCFA delivery. CONCLUSIONS There is a large array of potential disease-modulating effects of SCFA. Adequate targeted delivery to the sites of action is the main limitation of such application. The ongoing development and evaluation of novel delivery techniques offer potential for translating promise to therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Gill
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - M C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - J G Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - P R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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32
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Seth RK, Kimono D, Alhasson F, Sarkar S, Albadrani M, Lasley SK, Horner R, Janulewicz P, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Sullivan K, Chatterjee S. Increased butyrate priming in the gut stalls microbiome associated-gastrointestinal inflammation and hepatic metabolic reprogramming in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 350:64-77. [PMID: 29751049 PMCID: PMC6121708 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Most of the associated pathologies in Gulf War Illness (GWI) have been ascribed to chemical and pharmaceutical exposures during the war. Since an increased number of veterans complain of gastrointestinal (GI), neuroinflammatory and metabolic complications as they age and there are limited options for a cure, the present study was focused to assess the role of butyrate, a short chain fatty acid for attenuating GWI-associated GI and metabolic complications. Results in a GWI-mouse model of permethrin and pyridostigmine bromide (PB) exposure showed that oral butyrate restored gut homeostasis and increased GPR109A receptor copies in the small intestine (SI). Claudin-2, a protein shown to be upregulated in conditions of leaky gut was significantly decreased following butyrate administration. Butyrate decreased TLR4 and TLR5 expressions in the liver concomitant to a decrease in TLR4 activation. GW-chemical exposure showed no clinical signs of liver disease but a significant alteration of metabolic markers such as SREBP1c, PPAR-α, and PFK was evident. Liver markers for lipogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism that were significantly upregulated following GW chemical exposure were attenuated by butyrate priming in vivo and in human primary hepatocytes. Further, Glucose transporter Glut-4 that was shown to be elevated following liver complications were significantly decreased in these mice after butyrate administration. Finally, use of TLR4 KO mice completely attenuated the liver metabolic changes suggesting the central role of these receptors in the GWI pathology. In conclusion, we report a butyrate specific mechanistic approach to identify and treat increased metabolic abnormalities in GWI veterans with systemic inflammation, chronic fatigue, GI disturbances, metabolic complications and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratanesh Kumar Seth
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Diana Kimono
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Firas Alhasson
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sutapa Sarkar
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Muayad Albadrani
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Stephen K Lasley
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Ronnie Horner
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Patricia Janulewicz
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, USC School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, USC School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kimberly Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Zhu J, Yan L, Xu X, Zhang Y, Shi J, Jiang C, Shao D. Strategies to enhance the production of pinoresinol and its glucosides by endophytic fungus (Phomopsis sp. XP-8) isolated from Tu-chung bark. AMB Express 2018; 8:55. [PMID: 29658051 PMCID: PMC5899966 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the production yield of (+)-pinoresinol (Pin), (+)-pinoresinol monoglucoside (PMG), and (+)-pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG), different methods were conducted, including co-culture with resveratrol-producing Alternaria sp. MG1 spores and addition of Tu-chung in a medium at the start of cultivation, ultrasound treatment (40 kHZ, 10 min) on 5-day culture, and addition of ethanol and sodium butyrate on Day 3, followed by cultivation for an additional period of 2 days. At the end of the cultivation period (5 days), the liquid phase was collected for product analysis. Cells were collected for the determination of gene expression levels and then used in bioconversion using resting cells for another period of 2 days. The liquid phase was measured to determine the output of the target products and the expression levels of the key genes related to the biosynthesis of these compounds. Consequently, co-culture with Alternaria MG1 and addition of Tu-chung bark in the medium efficiently increased Pin, PMG, and PDG production yield in the biosynthesis systems using potato dextrose broth medium and resting cells of Phomopsis sp. XP-8. The key genes related to the biosynthesis of these compounds were significantly upregulated. However, in the majority of cases, the addition of ethanol and sodium butyrate, and ultrasound treatment decreased the production yield of Pin, PMG, and PDG. The change in production yield was not consistently accompanied by a change in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- School of Food Sciences, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, 1 North Perimeter Road, Xinyang, 464000 Henan China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Lu Yan
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi, 832003 Xinjiang China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
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Pan P, Oshima K, Huang YW, Agle KA, Drobyski WR, Chen X, Zhang J, Yearsley MM, Yu J, Wang LS. Loss of FFAR2 promotes colon cancer by epigenetic dysregulation of inflammation suppressors. Int J Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29524208 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2, also named GPR43), is activated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, that are produced when gut bacteria ferment dietary fiber. FFAR2 has been suggested to regulate colonic inflammation, which is a major risk factor for the development of colon cancer and is also linked to epigenetic dysregulation in colon carcinogenesis. The current study assessed whether FFAR2, acting as an epigenetic regulator, protects against colon carcinogenesis. To mimic the mild inflammation that promotes human colon cancer, we treated mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) overnight, which avoids excessive inflammation but induces mild inflammation that promotes colon carcinogenesis in the ApcMin/+ and the azoxymethane (AOM)-treated mice. Our results showed that FFAR2 deficiency promotes the development of colon adenoma in the ApcMin/+ /DSS mice and the progression of adenoma to adenocarcinoma in the AOM/DSS mice. FFAR2's downstream cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway was enhanced, leading to overexpression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the FFAR2-deficient mice. ChIP-qPCR analysis revealed differential binding of H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 histone marks onto the promoter regions of inflammation suppressors (e.g., sfrp1, dkk3, socs1), resulting in decreased expression of these genes in the FFAR2-deficient mice. Also, more neutrophils infiltrated into tumors and colon lamina propria of the FFAR2-deficient mice. Depletion of neutrophils blocked the progression of colon tumors. In addition, FFAR2 is required for butyrate to suppress HDAC expression and hypermethylation of inflammation suppressors. Therefore, our results suggest that FFAR2 is an epigenetic tumor suppressor that acts at multiple stages of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Kimberle A Agle
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - William R Drobyski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Xiao Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, RM C4930, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226
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35
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Gonçalves P, Araújo JR, Di Santo JP. A Cross-Talk Between Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Host Mucosal Immune System Regulates Intestinal Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:558-572. [PMID: 29462379 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has a fundamental role in the energy homeostasis of the host and is essential for proper "education" of the immune system. Intestinal microbial communities are able to ferment dietary fiber releasing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The SCFAs, particularly butyrate (BT), regulate innate and adaptive immune cell generation, trafficing, and function. For example, BT has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the recruitment and proinflammatory activity of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and effector T cells and by increasing the number and activity of regulatory T cells. Gut microbial dysbiosis, ie, a microbial community imbalance, has been suggested to play a role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The relationship between dysbiosis and IBD has been difficult to prove, especially in humans, and is probably complex and dynamic, rather than one of a simple cause and effect relationship. However, IBD patients have dysbiosis with reduced numbers of SCFAs-producing bacteria and reduced BT concentration that is linked to a marked increase in the number of proinflammatory immune cells in the gut mucosa of these patients. Thus, microbial dysbiosis and reduced BT concentration may be a factor in the emergence and severity of IBD. Understanding the relationship between microbial dysbiosis and reduced BT concentration to IBD may lead to novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gonçalves
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1223, Paris, France
| | - João Ricardo Araújo
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1202, Paris, France
| | - James P Di Santo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1223, Paris, France
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36
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Lozada EM, Andrysik Z, Yin M, Redilla N, Rice K, Stambrook PJ. Acetylation and deacetylation of Cdc25A constitutes a novel mechanism for modulating Cdc25A functions with implications for cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20425-39. [PMID: 26967250 PMCID: PMC4991465 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual specificity phosphatase Cdc25A is a key regulator of the cell cycle that promotes cell cycle progression by dephosphorylating and activating cyclin-dependent kinases. In response to genotoxicants, Cdc25A undergoes posttranslational modifications which contribute to its proteasome-mediated degradation and consequent cell cycle checkpoint arrest. The most thoroughly studied Cdc25A modification is phosphorylation. We now provide the first evidence that Cdc25A can be acetylated and that it directly interacts with the ARD1 acetyltransferase which acetylates Cdc25A both biochemically and in cultured cells. When acetylated, Cdc25A has an extended half-life. We have also identified the class IV histone deacetylase, HDAC11, as a Cdc25A deacetylase. We further show that DNA damage, such as exposure to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), etoposide or arsenic, increases Cdc25A acetylation. Importantly, this acetylation modulates Cdc25A phosphatase activity and its function as a cell cycle regulator, and may reflect a cellular response to DNA damage. Since Cdc25A, ARD1, and HDAC11 are frequently dysregulated in multiple types of cancer, our findings may provide insight into a novel mechanism in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enerlyn M Lozada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Zdenek Andrysik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.,Current affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Moying Yin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Nicholas Redilla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Kathryn Rice
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Peter J Stambrook
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
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37
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Good KV, Martínez de Paz A, Tyagi M, Cheema MS, Thambirajah AA, Gretzinger TL, Stefanelli G, Chow RL, Krupke O, Hendzel M, Missiaen K, Underhill A, Landsberger N, Ausió J. Trichostatin A decreases the levels of MeCP2 expression and phosphorylation and increases its chromatin binding affinity. Epigenetics 2017; 12:934-944. [PMID: 29099289 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1380760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MeCP2 binds to methylated DNA in a chromatin context and has an important role in cancer and brain development and function. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are currently being used to palliate many cancer and neurological disorders. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involved are not well known for the most part and, in particular, the relationship between histone acetylation and MeCP2 is not well understood. In this paper, we study the effect of the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on MeCP2, a protein whose dysregulation plays an important role in these diseases. We find that treatment of cells with TSA decreases the phosphorylation state of this protein and appears to result in a higher MeCP2 chromatin binding affinity. Yet, the binding dynamics with which the protein binds to DNA appear not to be significantly affected despite the chromatin reorganization resulting from the high levels of acetylation. HDAC inhibition also results in an overall decrease in MeCP2 levels of different cell lines. Moreover, we show that miR132 increases upon TSA treatment, and is one of the players involved in the observed downregulation of MeCP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina V Good
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
| | - Alexia Martínez de Paz
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
| | - Monica Tyagi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
| | - Manjinder S Cheema
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
| | - Anita A Thambirajah
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada.,b Douglas Hospital Research Center , Department of Psychiatry , McGill University , Montréal , Québec H3G 1Y6 , Canada
| | - Taylor L Gretzinger
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
| | - Gilda Stefanelli
- c Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Robert L Chow
- d Department of Biology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
| | - Oliver Krupke
- d Department of Biology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
| | - Michael Hendzel
- e Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada.,f Department of Oncology and Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada
| | - Kristal Missiaen
- f Department of Oncology and Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada
| | - Alan Underhill
- f Department of Oncology and Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada
| | - Nicoletta Landsberger
- c Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Juan Ausió
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , V8W 3P6 , Canada
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38
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Al-Keilani MS, Al-Sawalha NA. Potential of Phenylbutyrate as Adjuvant Chemotherapy: An Overview of Cellular and Molecular Anticancer Mechanisms. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1767-1777. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maha S. Al-Keilani
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, College
of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nour A. Al-Sawalha
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, College
of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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39
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Abstract
Various mechanisms in the mammalian body provide resilience against food deprivation and dietary stress. The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is synthesized in the liver from fatty acids and represents an essential carrier of energy from the liver to peripheral tissues when the supply of glucose is too low for the body's energetic needs, such as during periods of prolonged exercise, starvation, or absence of dietary carbohydrates. In addition to its activity as an energetic metabolite, BHB is increasingly understood to have cellular signaling functions. These signaling functions of BHB broadly link the outside environment to epigenetic gene regulation and cellular function, and their actions may be relevant to a variety of human diseases as well as human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Newman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945; ,
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158
- Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945; ,
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158
- Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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40
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Xu S, Liu CX, Xu W, Huang L, Zhao JY, Zhao SM. Butyrate induces apoptosis by activating PDC and inhibiting complex I through SIRT3 inactivation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2:16035. [PMID: 29263907 PMCID: PMC5661613 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying anticancer effects of butyrate, an end-product of the intestinal microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, remain elusive. Here, we report that butyrate promotes cancer cell apoptosis by acting as a SIRT3 inhibitor. Butyrate inhibits SIRT3 both in cultured cells and in vitro. Butyrate-induced PDHA1 hyperacetylation relieves the inhibitory phosphorylation of PDHA1 at serine 293, thereby activating an influx of glycolytic intermediates into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and reversing the Warburg effect. Meanwhile, butyrate-induced hyperacetylation inactivates complex I of the electron transfer chain and prevents the utilization of TCA cycle intermediates. These metabolic stresses promote apoptosis in hyperglycolytic cancer cells, such as HCT116p53-/- cells. SIRT3 deacetylates both PDHA1 and complex I. Genetic ablation of Sirt3 in mouse hepatocytes abrogated the ability of butyrate to induce apoptosis. Our results identify a butyrate-mediated anti-tumor mechanism and indicate that the combined activation of PDC and inhibition of complex I is a novel tumor treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Xu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Xia Liu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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41
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Godoy LD, Lucas JE, Bender AJ, Romanick SS, Ferguson BS. Targeting the epigenome: Screening bioactive compounds that regulate histone deacetylase activity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27981795 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Nutrigenomics is a rapidly expanding field that elucidates the link between diet-genome interactions. Recent evidence demonstrates that regulation of the epigenome, and in particular inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), impact pathogenetic mechanisms involved in chronic disease. Few studies, to date, have screened libraries of bioactive compounds that act as epigenetic modifiers. This study screened a library of 131 natural compounds to determine bioactive compounds that inhibit Zn-dependent HDAC activity. METHODS AND RESULTS Using class-specific HDAC substrates, we screened 131 natural compounds for HDAC activity in bovine cardiac tissue. From this screen, we identified 18 bioactive compound HDAC inhibitors. Using our class-specific HDAC substrates, we next screened these 18 bioactive compounds against recombinant HDAC proteins. Consistent with inhibition of HDAC activity, these compounds were capable of inhibiting activity of individual HDAC isoforms. Lastly, we report that treatment of H9c2 cardiac myoblasts with bioactive HDAC inhibitors was sufficient to increase lysine acetylation as assessed via immunoblot. CONCLUSION This study provided the first step in identifying multiple bioactive compound HDAC inhibitors. Taken together, this report sets the stage for future exploration of these bioactive compounds as epigenetic regulators to potentially ameliorate chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis D Godoy
- Department Agriculture, Nutrition, & Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Julianna E Lucas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Abigail J Bender
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Bradley S Ferguson
- Department Agriculture, Nutrition, & Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death around the world. Initially it is recognized as a genetic disease, but now it is known to involve epigenetic abnormalities along with genetic alterations. Epigenetics refers to heritable changes that are not encoded in the DNA sequence itself, but play an important role in the control of gene expression. It includes changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA interference. Although it is heritable, environmental factors such as diet could directly influence epigenetic mechanisms in humans. This article will focus on the role of dietary patterns and phytochemicals that have been demonstrated to influence the epigenome and more precisely histone and non-histone proteins modulation by acetylation that helps to induce apoptosis and phosphorylation inhibition, which counteracts with cells proliferation. Recent developments discussed here enhance our understanding of how dietary intervention could be beneficial in preventing or treating cancer and improving health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Zam
- a Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Al-Quadmous , Tartous , Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Aziz Khadour
- b Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Al-Quadmous , Tartous , Syrian Arab Republic
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43
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Chriett S, Zerzaihi O, Vidal H, Pirola L. The histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate improves insulin signalling in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in L6 rat muscle cells through epigenetically-mediated up-regulation of Irs1. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:224-232. [PMID: 27619406 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary administration of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor butyric acid - a short chain fatty acid present in milk products and also bacterially produced in the intestine - has been shown to increase energy expenditure and favour insulin sensitivity in mice through induction of PGC1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α) and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) in skeletal muscle, and a consequential increase of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Here, we investigate whether such physiological improvements are associated to epigenetic effects dependent on increased histone acetylation and whether butyrate exerts a direct action on skeletal muscle insulin signalling. We show that sodium butyrate (NaBut) ameliorates the insulin-resistant phenotype, induced in L6 myotubes by prolonged exposure to palmitate, by i) increasing the insulin-induced phosphorylation of both PKB (protein kinase B) and MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase), the two branches of insulin signalling and ii) increasing histone H3 acetylation - even in the presence of palmitate - on chromatin in proximity of the Irs1 (insulin receptor substrate 1) transcriptional start site. Consequently, NaBut induced Irs1 mRNA and protein overexpression, which in turn relayed higher insulin-stimulated IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and PI 3-kinase (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) association, suggesting that the increased IRS1 expression may mediate the insulin-sensitizing effects of NaBut. Furthermore, downstream of PKB, NaBut induced GSK3β gene upregulation. Our observations indicate that NaBut - through its action as HDAC inhibitor - can promote insulin responsiveness in L6 myotubes under conditions of lipid-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Chriett
- Carmen Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Ouafa Zerzaihi
- Carmen Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Carmen Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Luciano Pirola
- Carmen Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France.
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44
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Abstract
The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans possesses a polysaccharide capsule and can form biofilms on medical devices. The increasing use of ventriculoperitoneal shunts to manage intracranial hypertension associated with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis highlights the importance of investigating the biofilm-forming properties of this organism. Like other microbe-forming biofilms, C. neoformans biofilms are resistant to antimicrobial agents and host defense mechanisms, causing significant morbidity and mortality. This chapter discusses the recent advances in the understanding of cryptococcal biofilms, including the role of its polysaccharide capsule in adherence, gene expression, and quorum sensing in biofilm formation. We describe novel strategies for the prevention or eradication of cryptococcal colonization of medical prosthetic devices. Finally, we provide fresh thoughts on the diverse but interesting directions of research in this field that may result in new insights into C. neoformans biology.
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45
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Lei E, Vacy K, Boon WC. Fatty acids and their therapeutic potential in neurological disorders. Neurochem Int 2016; 95:75-84. [PMID: 26939763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is little doubt that we are what we eat. Fatty acid supplementation and diets rich in fatty acids are being promoted as ways to a healthier brain. Short chain fatty acids are a product of intestinal microbiota metabolism of dietary fibre; and their derivatives are used as an anti-convulstant. They demonstrated therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative conditions as HDAC inhibitors; and while the mechanism is not well understood, have been shown to lower amyloid β in Alzheimer's Disease in preclinical studies. Medium chain fatty acids consumed as a mixture in dietary oils can induce ketogenesis without the need for a ketogentic diet. Hence, this has the potential to provide an alternative energy source to prevent neuronal cell death due to lack of glucose. Long chain fatty acids are commonly found in the diet as omega fatty acids. They act as an anti-oxidant protecting neuronal cell membranes from oxidative damage and as an anti-inflammatory mediator in the brain. We review which agents, from each fatty acid class, have the most therapeutic potential for neurological disorders (primarily Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Autism Spectrum Disorder as well as possible applications to traumatic brain injury), by discussing what is known about their biological mechanisms from preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enie Lei
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kristina Vacy
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Wah Chin Boon
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Dept of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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46
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Ward AK, Mellor P, Smith SE, Kendall S, Just NA, Vizeacoumar FS, Sarker S, Phillips Z, Alvi R, Saxena A, Vizeacoumar FJ, Carlsen SA, Anderson DH. Epigenetic silencing of CREB3L1 by DNA methylation is associated with high-grade metastatic breast cancers with poor prognosis and is prevalent in triple negative breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:12. [PMID: 26810754 PMCID: PMC4727399 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CREB3L1 (cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1), a member of the unfolded protein response, has recently been identified as a metastasis suppressor in both breast and bladder cancer. Methods Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and immunoblotting were used to determine the impact of histone deacetylation and DNA methylation inhibitors on CREB3L1 expression in breast cancer cell lines. Breast cancer cell lines and tumor samples were analyzed similarly, and CREB3L1 gene methylation was determined using sodium bisulfite conversion and DNA sequencing. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine nuclear versus cytoplasmic CREB3L1 protein. Large breast cancer database analyses were carried out to examine relationships between CREB3L1 gene methylation and mRNA expression in addition to CREB3L1 mRNA expression and prognosis. Results This study demonstrates that the low CREB3L1 expression previously seen in highly metastatic breast cancer cell lines is caused in part by epigenetic silencing. Treatment of several highly metastatic breast cancer cell lines that had low CREB3L1 expression with DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors induced expression of CREB3L1, both mRNA and protein. In human breast tumors, CREB3L1 mRNA expression was upregulated in low and medium-grade tumors, most frequently of the luminal and HER2 amplified subtypes. In contrast, CREB3L1 expression was repressed in high-grade tumors, and its loss was most frequently associated with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Importantly, bioinformatics analyses of tumor databases support these findings, with methylation of the CREB3L1 gene associated with TNBCs, and strongly negatively correlated with CREB3L1 mRNA expression. Decreased CREB3L1 mRNA expression was associated with increased tumor grade and reduced progression-free survival. An immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that low-grade breast tumors frequently had nuclear CREB3L1 protein, in contrast to the high-grade breast tumors in which CREB3L1 was cytoplasmic, suggesting that differential localization may also regulate CREB3L1 effectiveness in metastasis suppression. Conclusions Our data further strengthens the role for CREB3L1 as a metastasis suppressor in breast cancer and demonstrates that epigenetic silencing is a major regulator of the loss of CREB3L1 expression. We also highlight that CREB3L1 expression is frequently altered in many cancer types suggesting that it could have a broader role in cancer progression and metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0672-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Ward
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Paul Mellor
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Shari E Smith
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Stephanie Kendall
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Natasha A Just
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Frederick S Vizeacoumar
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Sabuj Sarker
- Epidemiology and Performance Measurement, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 4-2105 8th Street, Saskatoon, SK, S7H 0T8, Canada.
| | - Zoe Phillips
- Epidemiology and Performance Measurement, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 4-2105 8th Street, Saskatoon, SK, S7H 0T8, Canada.
| | - Riaz Alvi
- Epidemiology and Performance Measurement, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 4-2105 8th Street, Saskatoon, SK, S7H 0T8, Canada.
| | - Anurag Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Royal University Hospital, 2841 - 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.
| | - Franco J Vizeacoumar
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada. .,Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Svein A Carlsen
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Deborah H Anderson
- Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada. .,Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Kim B, Hong J. An overview of naturally occurring histone deacetylase inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2015; 14:2759-82. [PMID: 25487010 DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666141208105614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have recently emerged as key elements in epigenetic control of gene expression. Due to the implication of HDACs in a variety of diseases ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative disorder, HDAC inhibitors have received increased attention in recent years. Over the last few decades, a myriad of HDAC inhibitors containing a wide variety of structural features have been identified from natural sources. Here, we review the discovery, synthesis, biological properties, and modes of action of these naturally occurring HDAC inhibitors and consider their implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Drive, Box 90346, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Sulforaphane Reverses the Expression of Various Tumor Suppressor Genes by Targeting DNMT3B and HDAC1 in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:412149. [PMID: 26161119 PMCID: PMC4487331 DOI: 10.1155/2015/412149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) may hinder carcinogenesis by altering epigenetic events in the cells; however, its molecular mechanisms are unclear. The present study investigates the role of SFN in modifying epigenetic events in human cervical cancer cells, HeLa. HeLa cells were treated with SFN (2.5 µM) for a period of 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours for all experiments. After treatment, expressions of DNMT3B, HDAC1, RARβ, CDH1, DAPK1, and GSTP1 were studied using RT-PCR while promoter DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) was studied using MS-PCR. Inhibition assays of DNA methyl transferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) were performed at varying time points. Molecular modeling and docking studies were performed to explore the possible interaction of SFN with HDAC1 and DNMT3B. Time-dependent exposure to SFN decreases the expression of DNMT3B and HDAC1 and significantly reduces the enzymatic activity of DNMTs and HDACs. Molecular modeling data suggests that SFN may interact directly with DNMT3B and HDAC1 which may explain the inhibitory action of SFN. Interestingly, time-dependent reactivation of the studied TSGs via reversal of methylation in SFN treated cells correlates well with its impact on the epigenetic alterations accumulated during cancer development. Thus, SFN may have significant implications for epigenetic based therapy.
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Khan S, Jena G. The role of butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor in diabetes mellitus: experimental evidence for therapeutic intervention. Epigenomics 2015; 7:669-80. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in diabetes mellitus (DM), β-cell reprogramming and its complications is an emerging concept. Recent evidence suggests that there is a link between DM and histone deacetylases (HDACs), because HDAC inhibitors promote β-cell differentiation, proliferation, function and improve insulin resistance. Moreover, gut microbes and diet-derived products can alter the host epigenome. Furthermore, butyrate and butyrate-producing microbes are decreased in DM. Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid produced from the fermentation of dietary fibers by microbiota and has been proven as an HDAC inhibitor. The present review provides a pragmatic interpretation of chromatin-dependent and independent complex signaling/mechanisms of butyrate for the treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 DM, with an emphasis on the promising strategies for its drugability and therapeutic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 60 062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 60 062, India
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50
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Karkashon S, Raghupathy R, Bhatia H, Dutta A, Hess S, Higgs J, Tifft CJ, Little JA. Intermediaries of branched chain amino acid metabolism induce fetal hemoglobin, and repress SOX6 and BCL11A, in definitive erythroid cells. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:161-7. [PMID: 26142333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) can ameliorate human β-globin gene disorders. The short chain fatty acid butyrate is the paradigmatic metabolic intermediary that induces HbF. Inherited disorders of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism have been associated with supranormal HbF levels beyond infancy, e.g., propionic acidemia (PA) and methylmalonic acidemia (MMA). We tested intermediaries of BCAA metabolism for their effects on definitive erythropoiesis. Like butyrate, the elevated BCAA intermediaries isovalerate, isobutyrate, and propionate, induce fetal globin gene expression in murine EryD in vitro, are associated with bulk histone H3 hyperacylation, and repress the transcription of key gamma globin regulatory factors, notably BCL11A and SOX6. Metabolic intermediaries that are elevated in Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) affect none of these processes. Percent HbF and gamma (γ) chain isoforms were also measured in non-anemic, therapeutically optimized subjects with MSUD (Group I, n=6) or with Isovaleric Acidemia (IVA), MMA, or PA (Group II, n=5). Mean HbF was 0.24 ± 0.15% in Group I and 0.87 ± 0.13% in Group II (p=.01); only the Gγ isoform was detected. We conclude that a family of biochemically related intermediaries of branched chain amino acid metabolism induces fetal hemoglobin during definitive erythropoiesis, with mechanisms that mirror those so far identified for butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Karkashon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Blvd., Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Radha Raghupathy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Blvd., Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Himanshu Bhatia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Blvd., Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Amrita Dutta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Blvd., Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Sonja Hess
- California Institute of Technology, Beckman Institute, Proteome Exploration Laboratory, 1200 E California Blvd, MC139-74, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Jaimie Higgs
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Center for Hospital-based Specialties, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave. N.W., Washington, DC 20010-2970, United States
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Center for Hospital-based Specialties, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave. N.W., Washington, DC 20010-2970, United States
| | - Jane A Little
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Blvd., Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
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