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Widyawati T, Syahputra RA, Syarifah S, Sumantri IB. Analysis of Antidiabetic Activity of Squalene via In Silico and In Vivo Assay. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093783. [PMID: 37175192 PMCID: PMC10180456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Squalene has been tested widely in pharmacological activity including anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties. This study aims to examine antidiabetic activity of squalene in silico and in vivo models. In the in silico model, the PASS server was used to evaluate squalene antidiabetic properties. Meanwhile, the in vivo model was conducted on a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) with the rats separated into three groups. These include squalene (160 mg/kgbw), metformin (45 mg/kgbw), and diabetic control (DC) (aquades 10 mL/kgbw) administered once daily for 14 days. Fasting Blood Glucose Level (FBGL), Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPPIV), leptin, and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity were measured to analysis antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. Additionally, the pancreas was analysed through histopathology to examine the islet cell. The results showed that in silico analysis supported squalene antidiabetic potential. In vivo experiment demonstrated that squalene decreased FBGL levels to 134.40 ± 16.95 mg/dL. The highest DPPIV level was in diabetic control- (61.26 ± 15.06 ng/mL), while squalene group showed the lowest level (44.09 ± 5.29 ng/mL). Both metformin and squalene groups showed minor pancreatic rupture on histopathology. Leptin levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in diabetic control group (15.39 ± 1.77 ng/mL) than both squalene- (13.86 ± 0.47 ng/mL) and metformin-treated groups (9.22 ± 0.84 ng/mL). SOD activity were higher in both squalene- and metformin-treated group, particularly 22.42 ± 0.27 U/mL and 22.81 ± 0.08 U/mL than in diabetic control (21.88 ± 0.97 U/mL). In conclusion, in silico and in vivo experiments provide evidence of squalene antidiabetic and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Widyawati
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Siti Syarifah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Imam Bagus Sumantri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
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2
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Oxidative stress in metabolic diseases: current scenario and therapeutic relevance. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:185-196. [PMID: 35764861 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a clustering condition of increased abdominal obesity in concert with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. It confers higher risk of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and ischemic heart disease and has been observed to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is a progressive pathological process for diabetes-induced complications and appears to be multifactorial in origin. Several preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological reports have shown a persistent link between the metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress. There is pronounced imbalance between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants with increased production of oxidizing molecules, depletion of anti-oxidants, and consequently accumulation of protein and lipid oxidation products in the cell in metabolic syndrome. The increased cellular pro-oxidant activity also results in altered molecular pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, deregulation in cell cycle control, chromosomal aberrations, inflammation, and overall decreased biological activity as well as impairment of the antioxidant systems. Here, the focus of our review article will be on the formation of oxidative species, the interplay between metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress, and its potential implications in therapeutic approaches.
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3
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Adel M, Elmasry A, El-Nablaway M, Othman G, Hamed S, Khater Y, Ashour RH, Hendawy M, Rabei MR. Cardioprotective effect of abscisic acid in a rat model of type 3 cardio-renal syndrome: Role of NOX-4, P-53, and HSP-70. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114038. [PMID: 36446241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a complex heart and kidney pathophysiologic disorder that leads to a bidirectional interrelationship between them. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that is present in plants, and is known to regulate fundamental physiological functions. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of ABA in surgically induced-CRS type 3 rats. Rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups. Rats in Group 1 received saline (Sham group), Group 2 included control induced-CRS rats, Group 3 rats (CRS+ABA) included CRS rats treated with ABA and Group 4 (CRS + ABA + Verapamil + propofol) were CRS rats treated with Verapamil, propofol and ABA. The rats were treated with the drugs daily for four weeks. At the end of the study, relative heart weight corrected QT interval (QTc), mean blood pressure (MBP), kidney functions, oxidative stress, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), protein 53 (P53), and heat shock proteins-70 (HSP-70) expression was assessed and recorded. ABA led to a significant shortening of the ventricular action potential duration indicated by QTc. Furthermore, it significantly lowered heart weight, MBP, serum creatinine, NOX-4, and P-53 expression and augmented HSP-70 expression. In contrast, adding calcium channel blockers (CCBs) to ABA mitigated this effect. The results suggested that ABA has a potential protective role in CRS-induced cardiac hypertrophy and arrhythmia that could be mediated through inhibition of P-53, NOX-4, and an increase in HSP-70 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Adel
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahlam Elmasry
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad El-Nablaway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, PO Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal Othman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, PO Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shereen Hamed
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Yomna Khater
- Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Rehab H Ashour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine at Al-Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Hendawy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed R Rabei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
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4
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Yasuda Y, Aoki H, Fujita W, Fujibayashi K, Wakasa M, Kawai Y, Nakanishi H, Saito K, Takeuchi M, Kajinami K. Glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products are associated with left ventricular ejection fraction and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with diabetic adverse cardiac remodeling. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2022; 56:208-216. [PMID: 35792728 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2022.2095013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products (Glycer-AGEs) have a strong binding affinity for their cognate receptor and elicit oxidative stress and inflammation. However, it remains unknown whether the levels of Glycer-AGEs correlate with the severity of cardiac function and heart failure in patients with diabetic adverse cardiac remodeling (DbCR). Fourteen heart failure patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) without other cardiac disorders (DbCR group) were enrolled. Another 14 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) without DM were served as a control (DCM group). All patients were assessed for serum Glycer-AGEs, nitrotyrosine (NT), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and for plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was evaluated by echocardiography. Results: The mean serum levels of Glycer-AGEs, NT, and TNFα in the DbCR group were significantly higher than those in the DCM group (for Glycer-AGEs, p = .0073; for NT, p = .005; for TNFα, p < .0001, respectively). In the patients with DbCR, the levels of serum Glycer-AGEs and TNFα were closely associated with LVEF and BNP values. Conclusions: Both Glycer-AGEs and TNFα showed close associations with LVEF and the levels of BNP in patients with DbCR. Glycer-AGEs and TNFα may play a pathological role in the development of DbCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuushi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aoki
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Minoru Wakasa
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kawai
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakanishi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Saito
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Kajinami
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Yen PT, Huang SE, Hsu JH, Kuo CH, Chao YY, Wang LS, Yeh JL. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Effects of Puerarin in Postmenopausal Cardioprotection: Roles of Akt and Heme Oxygenase-1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 51:149-168. [PMID: 36437552 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2350009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During menopause, the sharp decline in estrogen levels leads to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women. The inflammatory response and oxidative stress are reportedly involved in the development of cardiovascular disorders postmenopause. In this study, we evaluated the cardioprotective effects of puerarin, a phytoestrogen derived from the root of Pueraria lobate, and investigated its underlying molecular mechanisms. Puerarin alleviated cytotoxicity and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and hydrogen peroxide-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Puerarin scavenges free radicals and reduces apoptosis, thereby suppressing NADPH oxidase-1 and Bax activation to attenuate the production of ROS and restore Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, puerarin inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide production and decreased the hypertrophic phenotype under LPS stimulation. Treatment with puerarin reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and restored glutathione levels when facing oxidative stress. Mechanistically, puerarin inhibited both the LPS-induced Toll-like receptor 4/NF-[Formula: see text]B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Furthermore, it reversed both the LPS-mediated downregulation of Akt activation and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. The cardioprotective effects of puerarin were abolished by inhibitors of Akt and HO-1 and the estrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant (ICI). This indicated that the estrogen receptor mediated by these two molecules plays important roles in conferring the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative functions of puerarin. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of puerarin for treating heart disease in postmenopausal women through Akt and HO-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Tzu Yen
- Jian Sheng Tang Chinese Medicine Clinic, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-En Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Chao
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Shuo Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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6
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Sun J, Su Y, Xu Y, Qin D, He Q, Qiu H, Zhuo J, Li W. CD36 deficiency inhibits proliferation by cell cycle control in skeletal muscle cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:947325. [PMID: 36111143 PMCID: PMC9468905 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.947325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related muscular dysfunction and relative muscle atrophy affect an increasing number of people. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle cell development and growth may contribute to the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass in obesity. Fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), as a long-chain fatty acid transport protein, is crucial for lipid metabolism and signaling. CD36 is known to function in myogenic differentiation, and whether it affects the proliferation of skeletal muscle cells and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the effect of CD36 deficiency on skeletal muscle cell viability and proliferation was examined using C2C12 myoblasts. Results showed that the deletion of CD36 enhanced the inhibitory effect of PA on the proliferation and the promotion of apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells. Intriguingly, the silencing of CD36 suppressed cell proliferation by preventing the cell cycle from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase in a cyclin D1/CDK4-dependent manner. Overall, we demonstrated that CD36 was involved in skeletal muscle cell proliferation by cell cycle control, and these findings might facilitate the treatment of obesity-related muscle wasting.
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7
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Syed AA, Reza MI, Shafiq M, Kumariya S, Katekar R, Hanif K, Gayen JR. Cissus quadrangularis extract mitigates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting RAAS activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Biomarkers 2022; 27:743-752. [PMID: 35896310 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an age-related disease, and its progression is accompanied by hyperglycemia, cardiac dysfunction, and myocardial structural and functional abnormalities. Cissus quadrangularis, a traditional medicinal plant, contains polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, carbohydrates, and ascorbic acid. It is used to treat osteoporosis, asthma, haemorrhoids, and menstrual disorders. In the current research, we have investigated the effect of ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis (EECQ) against a high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin-induced DCM by estimating cardiac biomarkers, inflammatory markers and ROS production.Material and methodsRats were fed with an HFD for 12 weeks, followed by single-shot low-dose streptozotocin (35mg/kg; i.p.). The treatment was performed by EECQ (200 mg/kg/day, orally) for six weeks. ResultsThe extract EECQ improves glucose, insulin tolerance tests, and hypercholesteremia. DCM is characterized by cardiac dysfunction, cardiac biomarkers CKMB, and LDH, which were attenuated by the EECQ treatment. The hypertrophic biomarker ANP, BNP expression and cardiomyocyte surface area were decreased by EECQ. Moreover, EECQ also alleviated the biomarkers Angiotensin II and renin level. EECQ also reduced oxidative stress, ROS production and cardiac inflammation.ConclusionThus, these findings suggested that EECQ could be used as a possible therapeutic regiment to treat DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammed Shafiq
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Sanjana Kumariya
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
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8
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Venetoclax Induces Cardiotoxicity through Modulation of Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Cardiac Inflammation and Apoptosis via NF-κB and BCL-2 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116260. [PMID: 35682939 PMCID: PMC9181135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular damage induced by anticancer therapy has become the main health problem after tumor elimination. Venetoclax (VTX) is a promising novel agent that has been proven to have a high efficacy in multiple hematological diseases, especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Considering its mechanism of action, the possibility that VTX may cause cardiotoxicity cannot be ruled out. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the toxic effect of VTX on the heart. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, low-dose VTX (50 mg/kg via oral gavage), and high-dose VTX (100 mg/kg via oral gavage). After 21 days, blood and tissue samples were collected for histopathological, biochemical, gene, and protein analyses. We demonstrated that VTX treatment resulted in cardiac damages as evidenced by major changes in histopathology and markedly elevated cardiac enzymes and hypertrophic genes markers. Moreover, we observed a drastic increase in oxidative stress, as well as inflammatory and apoptotic markers, with a remarkable decline in the levels of Bcl-2. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the cardiotoxic effect of VTX. Further experiments and future studies are strongly needed to comprehensively understand the cardiotoxic effect of VTX.
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9
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Riaz S, Hussain I, Ibrahim M, Ishtiaq M, Ali Q, Muazzam Ali M, Sajid Hamid Akash M. Extraction and Optimization of Active Metabolites From Cluster Bean: An In Vitro Biological and Phytochemical Investigation. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221098992. [PMID: 35558873 PMCID: PMC9087274 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221098992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore active metabolites of locally recognized and
high yielding cultivar cluster bean (BR-99) with a wide range of adaptability
having antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic potential. Six
solvents were used (crude methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate,
butanol, and aqueous) with escalating polarity for colorimetric determination of
antioxidants such as total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents
(TFC), and free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) by DPPH (2,
2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Moreover, an antidiabetic and anticancer
study was conducted by α-amylase inhibition and MTT (3-(4,
5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay. Biological
investigations were carried out against the most commonly found infectious
microbial strains. The significant results (P ≤ .001) of each activity were seen
among six tested solvent extracts. The ethyl acetate and methanol extract have
more antioxidant potential with the highest TPC (16.38 ± .13 mg GAE/g) and TFC
(8.15 ± .24 mg CE/g), respectively. Similarly, methanol extract presented the
highest free radical scavenging activity (46.31 ± .91%), followed by ethyl
acetate, butanol, chloroform, aqueous, and n-hexane extract. However, the
maximum α-amylase inhibition (62.54 ± 1.47%) and anticancer activity against
human lung cancer cells were congregated (78.31 ± 1.46%) in butanol and
chloroform, respectively. A positive correlation was seen between TPC with TFC
(R2= .8356), FRSA
(R2= .8381), and anti-diabetic activity
(R2= .8082), which highlights the phenolic
contents as strong anti-oxidant agents especially flavonoids. Each extract of
cluster bean (BR-99) showed significant antimicrobial activities for all tested
bacterial strains except B. cereus and E.
coli. The profound results of maximum antibacterial activity were
witnessed by chloroform extract while ethyl acetate extracts showed great
antifungal potential against all tested fungal strains. The HPLC quantitative
analysis results of cluster bean (BR-99) revealed the presence of active
phytochemicals such as gallic acid, HB acid, vanillic acid, kaempferol, sinapic
acid, ferulic acid, salicylic acid, coumarins, quercetin, rutin, p-coumaric
acid, and catechin, and the variation in both phytochemical and biological
spectrums envisioned the cluster bean (BR-99) used in future as a cheap, safer,
and potent source of bioactive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Riaz
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Pakistan
| | - Muhmmad Ishtiaq
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muazzam Ali
- International School of Medicine Eastern Medical Campus, International University of Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan
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10
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Molecular Correlates of Early Onset of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Possible Therapeutic Targets. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9014155. [PMID: 35464763 PMCID: PMC9023181 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9014155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress that can lead to diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which can often remain undetected until late stages of the disease. However, myocardial injury occurs before the onset of measurable cardiac dysfunction, although its molecular correlates are poorly understood. In this study, we made a DM rat induced by a high-fat diet combined with low and high doses of streptozotocin (STZ) to emulate pre and early DCM. RNA-sequencing analysis of ventricular tissue revealed a differential transcriptome profile and abnormal activation of pathways involved in fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, cardiac structure and function, insulin resistance, calcium signalling, apoptosis, and TNF signalling. Moreover, using high glucose-treated human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM), we recapitulated the cardiac cellular phenotype of DM and identified several molecular correlates that may promote the development of DCM. In conclusion, we have developed an experimental framework to target pathways underlying the progression of DCM.
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11
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Sukumaran V, Gurusamy N, Yalcin HC, Venkatesh S. Understanding diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy from the perspective of renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Pflugers Arch 2021; 474:63-81. [PMID: 34967935 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that diabetic subjects are predisposed to a distinct cardiovascular dysfunction, known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which could be an autonomous disease independent of concomitant micro and macrovascular disorders. DCM is one of the prominent causes of global morbidity and mortality and is on a rising trend with the increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). DCM is characterized by an early left ventricle diastolic dysfunction associated with the slow progression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy leading to heart failure, which still has no effective therapy. Although the well-known "Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)" inhibition is considered a gold-standard treatment in heart failure, its role in DCM is still unclear. At the cellular level of DCM, RAAS induces various secondary mechanisms, adding complications to poor prognosis and treatment of DCM. This review highlights the importance of RAAS signaling and its major secondary mechanisms involving inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy, their role in establishing DCM. In addition, studies lacking in the specific area of DCM are also highlighted. Therefore, understanding the complex role of RAAS in DCM may lead to the identification of better prognosis and therapeutic strategies in treating DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Al-Tarfa, 2371, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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12
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Huang F, Yang R, Xiao Z, Xie Y, Lin X, Zhu P, Zhou P, Lu J, Zheng S. Targeting Ferroptosis to Treat Cardiovascular Diseases: A New Continent to Be Explored. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737971. [PMID: 34527678 PMCID: PMC8435746 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, vascular injury, stroke, and arrhythmia, are correlated with cardiac and vascular cell death. Ferroptosis is a novel form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death which is characterized by an iron-driven accumulation of lethal lipid hydroperoxides. The initiation and execution of ferroptosis are under the control of several mechanisms, including iron metabolism, glutamine metabolism, and lipid peroxidation. Recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that ferroptosis can play an essential role in the development of various cardiovascular diseases. Recent researches have shown the ferroptosis inhibitors, iron chelators, genetic manipulations, and antioxidants can alleviate myocardial injury by blocking ferroptosis pathway. In this review, we systematically described the mechanisms of ferroptosis and discussed the role of ferroptosis as a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangze Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Zezhou Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Tayanloo-Beik A, Roudsari PP, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Biglar M, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Arjmand B, Larijani B. Diabetes and Heart Failure: Multi-Omics Approaches. Front Physiol 2021; 12:705424. [PMID: 34421642 PMCID: PMC8378451 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.705424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and heart failure, as important global issues, cause substantial expenses to countries and medical systems because of the morbidity and mortality rates. Most people with diabetes suffer from type 2 diabetes, which has an amplifying effect on the prevalence and severity of many health problems such as stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy, kidney injuries, and cardiovascular disease. Type 2 diabetes is one of the cornerstones of heart failure, another health epidemic, with 44% prevalence. Therefore, finding and targeting specific molecular and cellular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of each disease, either in diagnosis or treatment, will be beneficial. For diabetic cardiomyopathy, there are several mechanisms through which clinical heart failure is developed; oxidative stress with mediation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced myocardial perfusion due to endothelial dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction, and metabolic changes, such as impaired glucose levels caused by insulin resistance, are the four main mechanisms. In the field of oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C (PKC), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) are the key mediators that new omics-driven methods can target. Besides, diabetes can affect myocardial function by impairing calcium (Ca) homeostasis, the mechanism in which reduced protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), and phosphorylated SERCA2a expressions are the main effectors. This article reviewed the recent omics-driven discoveries in the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and heart failure with focus on the common molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Biglar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Zhai Z, Zou P, Liu F, Xia Z, Li J. Ferroptosis Is a Potential Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target for Patients With Cardiomyopathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649045. [PMID: 33869204 PMCID: PMC8047193 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte death is a fundamental progress in cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanism of triggering the death of myocardial cells remains unclear. Ferroptosis, which is the nonapoptotic, iron-dependent, and peroxidation-driven programmed cell death pathway, that is abundant and readily accessible, was not discovered until recently with a pharmacological approach. New researches have demonstrated the close relationship between ferroptosis and the development of many cardiovascular diseases, and several ferroptosis inhibitors, iron chelators, and small antioxidant molecules can relieve myocardial injury by blocking the ferroptosis pathways. Notably, ferroptosis is gradually being considered as an important cell death mechanism in the animal models with multiple cardiomyopathies. In this review, we will discuss the mechanism of ferroptosis and the important role of ferroptosis in cardiomyopathy with a special emphasis on the value of ferroptosis as a potential novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for patients suffering from cardiomyopathy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengtao Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuxiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zirong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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15
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Zang H, Wu W, Qi L, Tan W, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Wang X, Cui T. Autophagy Inhibition Enables Nrf2 to Exaggerate the Progression of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Mice. Diabetes 2020; 69:2720-2734. [PMID: 32948607 PMCID: PMC7679777 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) may either ameliorate or worsen diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Herein we report a novel mechanism of Nrf2-mediated myocardial damage in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Global Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2KO) hardly affected the onset of cardiac dysfunction induced by T1D but slowed down its progression in mice independent of sex. In addition, Nrf2KO inhibited cardiac pathological remodeling, apoptosis, and oxidative stress associated with both onset and advancement of cardiac dysfunction in T1D. Such Nrf2-mediated progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy was confirmed by a cardiomyocyte-restricted (CR) Nrf2 transgenic approach in mice. Moreover, cardiac autophagy inhibition via CR knockout of autophagy-related 5 gene (CR-Atg5KO) led to early onset and accelerated development of cardiomyopathy in T1D, and CR-Atg5KO-induced adverse phenotypes were rescued by additional Nrf2KO. Mechanistically, chronic T1D leads to glucolipotoxicity inhibiting autolysosome efflux, which in turn intensifies Nrf2-driven transcription to fuel lipid peroxidation while inactivating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense and impairing Nrf2-coordinated iron metabolism, thereby leading to ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. These results demonstrate that diabetes over time causes autophagy deficiency, which turns off Nrf2-mediated defense while switching on an Nrf2-operated pathological program toward ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes, thereby worsening the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Zang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Wenbin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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16
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Rajendran NK, Houreld NN, Abrahamse H. Photobiomodulation reduces oxidative stress in diabetic wounded fibroblast cells by inhibiting the FOXO1 signaling pathway. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 15:195-206. [PMID: 33052534 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of photobiomodulation (PBM) in attenuating oxidative stress in diabetic wounded fibroblast cells. Cell models were exposed to PBM at a wavelength of 660 nm (fluence of 5 J/cm2, and power density of 11.2 mW/cm2) or 830 nm (fluence of 5 J/cm2, and power density of 10.3 mW/cm2). Non-irradiated cell models were used as controls. Cellular migration was determined at regular time intervals (0, 12, 24 and 48 h) using inverted light microscopy. Cell viability was determined by the Trypan blue exclusion assay. The levels of enzymic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and heme oxygenase (HMOX1) were determined by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The alteration in the levels of AKT and FOXO1 was determined by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Upon PBM treatment, elevated oxidative stress was reversed in diabetic and diabetic wounded fibroblast cells. The reduced oxidative stress was represented by decreased FOXO1 levels and increased levels of SOD, CAT and HMOX1. This might be due to the activation of the AKT signaling pathway. This study concluded that treatment with PBM progressed diabetic wound healing by attenuating oxidative stress through inhibition of the FOXO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar Rajendran
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Nicolette Nadene Houreld
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
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17
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Liu XD, Li YG, Wang GY, Bi YG, Zhao Y, Yan ML, Liu X, Wei M, Wan LL, Zhang QY. Metformin protects high glucose‑cultured cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress by promoting NDUFA13 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis via the AMPK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:5262-5270. [PMID: 33174032 PMCID: PMC7646981 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage in diabetes is at least partly due to elevated reactive oxygen species production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain during hyperglycemia. Sustained hyperglycemia results in mitochondrial dysfunction and the abnormal expression of mitochondrial genes, such as NADH: Ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A13 (NDUFA13). Metformin, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, protects cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress by improving mitochondrial function; however, the exact underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigated the molecular changes and related regulatory mechanisms in the response of H9C2 cardiomyocytes to metformin under high glucose conditions. H9C2 cells were subjected to CCK-8 assay to assess cell viability. Reactive oxygen species generation was measured with DCFH-DA assay. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression levels of NDUFA13, AMPK, p-AMPK and GAPDH. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of mitochondrial genes and transcription factors. It was observed that metformin protected H9C2 cardiomyocytes by suppressing high glucose (HG)-induced elevated oxidative stress. In addition, metformin stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis, as indicated by increased expression levels of mitochondrial genes (NDUFA1, NDUFA2, NDUFA13 and manganese superoxide dismutase) and mitochondrial biogenesis-related transcription factors [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α, nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1, and NRF-2] in the metformin + HG group compared with the HG group. Moreover, metformin promoted mitochondrial NDUFA13 protein expression via the AMPK signaling pathway, which was abolished by pretreatment with the AMPK inhibitor, Compound C. The results suggested that metformin protected cardiomyocytes against HG-induced oxidative stress via a mechanism involving AMPK, NDUFA13 and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Guang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Guang Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Wan
- Division of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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18
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Immunomodulator Drug (IMODTM) and Exercise Improve Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Balance in Diabetic Rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.62898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
: Diabetes is a common metabolic disease that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. It seems that the reduction of oxidative stress or increasing antioxidant levels improves diabetic cardiomyopathy. Antioxidant effects of immunomodulatory drug (IMODTM) and also beneficial influences of exercise on diabetic complications have been shown. The present study examined the effects of IMODTM and exercise on cardiac oxidative stress and antioxidants in diabetes. For this purpose, 64 rats were divided into 8 groups: control (C), exercise (E), IMODTM (20 mg/kg) (I), exercise plus IMODTM (E + I), diabetes (D), diabetic rats treated with exercise (D + E), diabetic rats treated with IMODTM (D + I), and diabetic rats treated with exercise plus IMODTM (D + E + I). Treatments with exercise and/or IMODTM were performed for 8 weeks. Type 1 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. After the treatment period, all rats were anesthetized, and blood and heart samples were gathered for measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress marker, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a cardiac injury marker, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as antioxidant enzymes. The present study, for the first time, showed that IMODTM alone or in combination with exercise had positive effects on alleviating hyperglycemia, MDA, and LDH along with elevation of antioxidant enzymes activities in type 1 diabetic rats.
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19
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Wang Y, Sun H, Zhang J, Xia Z, Chen W. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats: ameliorative effect of PIPERINE via Bcl2, Bax/Bcl2, and caspase-3 pathways. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2533-2544. [PMID: 32892714 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1815170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of present investigation was to appraise the effects of piperine on STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats with intraperitoneal STZ injection, and the rats were assigned to seven groups. Electrocardiograph, hemodynamic, various biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters were examined. Treatment with piperine significantly (p < 0.05) restored altered myocardial functions, inhibited cardiac marker, and restored electrocardiogram and hemodynamic alterations. The elevated level of cardiac oxido-nitrosative stress and decreased cardiac Na-K-ATPase concentration, after STZ administration, were significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated by piperine treatment. Piperine also considerably (p < 0.05) increased myocardial mitochondrial enzyme activity. STZ-induced alteration in heart ANP, BNP, cTn-I, Bcl2, Bax/Bcl2, and caspase3 mRNA expression was significantly (p < 0.05) restored by piperine treatment. Piperine administration reduced histopathological aberrations induced by STZ. In conclusion, the present investigation suggests that piperine ameliorates STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy via modulation of caspase-3, Bcl2, Bax/Bcl2 pathways. Abbreviations: ACE: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme; ANOVA: Analysis of Variance; ANP: Atrial Natriuretic Peptide; APAF: Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor; ARB: Angiotensin Receptor Blockers; ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl2: B-cell lymphoma 2; BPM: Beats Per Minute; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; CAD: Caspase-3-Activated DNase; cDNA: Complementary DNA; CK-MB: Creatine Kinase-MB; CPCSEA: Committee for the Purpose of Control And Supervision of Experiments on Animals; cTn-I: cardiac troponin I; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; DCM: Diabetic Cardiomyopathy; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid; DPX: DisterenePhthalate Xylene; ECG: Electrocardiogram; ETC: Electron Transport Chain; GOD-POD: Glucose Oxidase Peroxidase; GSH: Glutathione; IAEC: Institutional Animal Ethics Committee; IL-6: Interleukin-6; IL-1b: Interleukin-1b; LDH: Lactate Dehydrogenase; LV: Left Ventricle; LVEDP: left ventricular end-diastolic Pressure; MABP: Mean Arterial Blood Pressure; MDA: Malondialdehyde; mRNA: Messenger Ribonucleic Acid; MTT: 3- (4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-DiphenyltetrazoliumBromide; NADH: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate; NADPH: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen; NO: nitric oxide; NP: Natriuretic Peptides; OXPHOS: Oxidative Phosphorylation; p.o.: per os; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; RT-PCR: Reverse Transcriptionpolymerase Chain Reaction; PPAR: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma; RAS: Renin-Angiotensin System; RNA: Ribonucleic Acid; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; SDH: Succinate Dehydrogenase; SEM: Standard Error Means; SOD: superoxide dismutase: STZ: Streptozotocin; TNF: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha; TnI: Troponin I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianwu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhiyang Xia
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China
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20
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Alomar FA, Al-Rubaish A, Al-Muhanna F, Al-Ali AK, McMillan J, Singh J, Bidasee KR. Adeno-Associated Viral Transfer of Glyoxalase-1 Blunts Carbonyl and Oxidative Stresses in Hearts of Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070592. [PMID: 32640624 PMCID: PMC7402150 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG) arising from downregulation of its primary degrading enzyme glyoxalase-1 (Glo1) is an underlying cause of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). This study investigated if expressing Glo1 in rat hearts shortly after the onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) would blunt the development of DC employing the streptozotocin-induced T1DM rat model, an adeno-associated virus containing Glo1 driven by the endothelin-1 promoter (AAV2/9-Endo-Glo1), echocardiography, video edge, confocal imaging, and biochemical/histopathological assays. After eight weeks of T1DM, rats developed DC characterized by a decreased E:A ratio, fractional shortening, and ejection fraction, and increased isovolumetric relaxation time, E: e’ ratio, and circumferential and longitudinal strains. Evoked Ca2+ transients and contractile kinetics were also impaired in ventricular myocytes. Hearts from eight weeks T1DM rats had lower Glo1 and GSH levels, elevated carbonyl/oxidative stress, microvascular leakage, inflammation, and fibrosis. A single injection of AAV2/9 Endo-Glo1 (1.7 × 1012 viron particles/kg) one week after onset of T1DM, potentiated GSH, and blunted MG accumulation, carbonyl/oxidative stress, microvascular leakage, inflammation, fibrosis, and impairments in cardiac and myocyte functions that develop after eight weeks of T1DM. These new data indicate that preventing Glo1 downregulation by administering AAV2/9-Endo-Glo1 to rats one week after the onset of T1DM, blunted the DC that develops after eight weeks of diabetes by attenuating carbonyl/oxidative stresses, microvascular leakage, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhel A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (F.A.A.); (K.R.B.); Tel.: +96-653-920-0855 (F.A.A.); +1-402-559-9018 (K.R.B.)
| | - Abdullah Al-Rubaish
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-R.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Fahad Al-Muhanna
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-R.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Amein K. Al-Ali
- Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA;
- Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
| | - Jaipaul Singh
- College of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire, Preton PR1 2HE, England, UK;
| | - Keshore R. Bidasee
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA;
- Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, Lincoln, NE 68588-0662, USA
- Correspondence: (F.A.A.); (K.R.B.); Tel.: +96-653-920-0855 (F.A.A.); +1-402-559-9018 (K.R.B.)
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21
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Eid RA, Eleawa SM, Alkhateeb MA, Aldera H, Zaki MSA, Al-Shraim M, Saeed MA, El-Kott AF, Alaa Eldeen M, Alassiri M, Alshehri MM, Salem Al-Shudiefat AAR, Khalil MA. Chronic consumption of a high-fat diet rich in corn oil activates intrinsic cell death pathway and induces several ultrastructural changes in the atria of healthy and type 1 diabetic rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:1111-1123. [PMID: 31398260 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of chronic consumption of a high-fat diet rich in corn oil (CO-HFD) on atrial cells ultrastructure, antioxidant levels and markers of intrinsic cell death of both control and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-induced rats. Adult male rats (10 rats/group) were divided into four groups: control fed standard diet (STD) (3.82 kcal/g, 9.4% fat), CO-HFD (5.4 kcal/g, 40% fat), T1DM fed STD, and T1DM + CO-HFD. CO-HFD and T1DM alone or in combination impaired systolic and diastolic functions of rats and significantly reduced levels of GSH and the activity of SOD, enhanced lipid peroxidation, increased protein levels of P53, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and ANF and decreased levels of Bcl-2 in their atria. Concomitantly, atrial cells exhibited fragmentation of the myofibrils, disorganized mitochondria, decreased number of atrionatriuretic factor (ANF) granules, and loss of gap junctions accompanied by changes in capillary walls. Among all treatments, the severity of all these findings was more severe in T1DM and most profound in the atria of T1DM + CO-HFD. In conclusion, chronic consumption of CO-HFD by T1DM-induced rats elicits significant biochemical and ultrastructural damage to rat atrial cells accompanied by elevated oxidative stress and mitochondria-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Eleawa
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Aldera
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour A Saeed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Attalla Farag El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Physiology Section, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alassiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed M Alshehri
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal Medical City (Southern Region), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad A Khalil
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ge Q, Zhao L, Ren XM, Ye P, Hu ZY. LCZ696, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1028-1039. [PMID: 31262190 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219861283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy, which refers to the destruction of the structure and function of the heart, is the primary cause of heart failure due to diabetes. LCZ696 is the first angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) to be used clinically. Our study investigated the role played by LCZ696 during diabetic cardiomyopathy and explored the potential mechanisms underlying these effects. Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin intraperitoneally into mice, and the mice were then divided randomly into two groups: one group was treated with LCZ696 (60 mg/kg/d) for 16 weeks, and the other received no treatment. The H9C2 cardiomyoblast cell line was treated with LCZ696 under high-glucose (HG) conditions. The levels of apoptotic (Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3) and pro-inflammatory factors [nuclear factor (NF)-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK)] were assessed in heart tissues from diabetic and normal mice and in H9C2 cells. The heart tissue structures and cardiac functions of diabetic mice were compared with those of normal mice, using histological and echocardiographic analyses. The results showed that LCZ696 inhibits the nuclear transfer of NF-κB and JNK/p38MAPK phosphorylation, and mitigates inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic mice and H9C2 cardiomyocytes under HG conditions. The histological and echocardiographic data showed that compared with untreated diabetic mice, diabetic mice treated with LCZ696 exhibited improved ventricular remodeling and cardiac function. LCZ696 also ameliorated oxidative stress in both vivo and vitro. In conclusion, LCZ696 improved diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Impact statement Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of heart failure in patients with diabetes, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. LCZ696, which was studied here, is a novel drug for the treatment of heart failure. The latest research reports that LCZ696 is more effective for preventing heart failure than valsartan alone. However, little research has been performed examining the effects of LCZ696 on DCM. This study was designed to examine the role played by LCZ696 during DCM and the potential mechanisms underlying these effects, which may provide the basis for a new therapeutic strategy for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiao-Min Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zuo-Ying Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
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Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses are involved in palmitic acid-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190225. [PMID: 31064816 PMCID: PMC6527925 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is the most common saturated long-chain fatty acid that causes damage to heart muscle cells. However, the molecular mechanism of PA toxicity in myocardial cells is not fully understood. In the present study, we explored the effects of PA on proliferation and apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes, and uncovered the signaling pathways involved in PA toxicity. Our study revealed induction of both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses and exacerbation of apoptosis in PA-treated H9c2 cells. Inhibition of oxidative stress by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced apoptosis and decreased ER stress in PA-treated H9c2 cells. Moreover, inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenyl butyric acid decreased apoptosis and attenuated oxidative stress. In summary, the present study demonstrated that oxidative stress coordinates with ER stress to play important roles in PA-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis.
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Ameliorative effect of apelin on streptozotocin-induced diabetes and its associated cardiac hypertrophy. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic and a leading cause of death with more than 422 million patients worldwide out of whom around 392 million alone suffer from type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are novel and effective drugs in managing glycemia of T2D patients. These inhibitors gained recent clinical and basic research attention due to their clinically observed cardiovascular protective effects. Although interest in the study of various SGLT isoforms and the effect of their inhibition on cardiovascular function extends over the past 20 years, an explanation of the effects observed clinically based on available experimental data is not forthcoming. The remarkable reduction in cardiovascular (CV) mortality (38%), major CV events (14%), hospitalization for heart failure (35%), and death from any cause (32%) observed over a period of 2.6 years in patients with T2D and high CV risk in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial involving the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (Empa) have raised the possibility that potential novel, more specific mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibition synergize with the known modest systemic improvements, such as glycemic, body weight, diuresis, and blood pressure control. Multiple studies investigated the direct impact of SGLT2i on the cardiovascular system with limited findings and the pathophysiological role of SGLTs in the heart. The direct impact of SGLT2i on cardiac homeostasis remains controversial, especially that SGLT1 isoform is the only form expressed in the capillaries and myocardium of human and rodent hearts. The direct impact of SGLT2i on the cardiovascular system along with potential lines of future research is summarized in this review.
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Meng S, Yang F, Wang Y, Qin Y, Xian H, Che H, Wang L. Silymarin ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:65-72. [PMID: 30489003 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Previous studies have shown that the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in the development of myocardial fibrosis in DCM. Silymarin (SMN) is used clinically to treat liver disorders and acts by influencing TGF-β1. However, the possible effects of silymarin on DCM remain to be elucidated. In our study, the DM animal model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Fasting blood glucose level was measured, and the structure and function of the heart were measured by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining, echocardiography, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Western blot was used to detect the expression of TGF-β1, Smad2/3, phosphorylation Smad2/3(p-Smad2/3), and Smad7. Our results showed that silymarin downregulated blood glucose level and significantly improved cardiac fibrosis and collagen deposition in DM rats detected by H&E, Masson staining, and TEM assays. The echocardiography results showed that silymarin administration attenuated cardiac dysfunction in DM rats. Additionally, compared with untreated DM rats, levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 were decreased, whereas Smad7 was increased following silymarin administration. These data demonstrate that silymarin ameliorates DCM through the inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad signaling, suggesting that silymarin may be a potential target for DCM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyan Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Yueqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Huimin Xian
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Hui Che
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
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Kang Y, Wang S, Huang J, Cai L, Keller BB. Right ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H113-H122. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00440.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important threat to health worldwide. While left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in DCM is well recognized, the accurate detection, diagnosis, and treatment of changes in right ventricular (RV) structure and function have not been well characterized. The pathophysiology of RV dysfunction in DCM may share features with LV diastolic and systolic dysfunction, including pathways related to insulin resistance and oxidant injury, although the RV has a unique cellular origin and composition and unique biomechanical properties and is coupled to the lower-impedance pulmonary vascular bed. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms responsible for RV dysfunction in DCM and review the imaging approaches useful for early detection, protection, and intervention strategies. Additional data are required from animal models and clinical trials to better identify the onset and features of altered RV and pulmonary vascular structure and function during the onset and progression of DCM and to determine the efficacy of early detection and treatment of RV dysfunction on clinical symptoms and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, and Department of Anesthesiology, Jewish Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Bradley B. Keller
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Fan L, Xiao Q, Zhang L, Wang X, Huang Q, Li S, Zhao X, Li Z. CAPE-pNO2 attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy through the NOX4/NF-κB pathway in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1640-1650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Sakamoto M, Matsutani D, Kayama Y. Possibility of a New Therapeutic Strategy for Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Med Res 2018; 10:799-805. [PMID: 30344814 PMCID: PMC6188026 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3584w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular events, including heart failure (HF), due to complications such as hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia based on metabolic syndrome, which plays the central pathological role in HF. A reason is that T2DM causes left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction beginning in the early phase of the disease, which in turn increases the risk of development of HF independently of the control of blood glucose levels, blood pressure or the presence of coronary artery diseases. Intracellular metabolic disorders and increased oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia, increased insulin resistance and chronic inflammation are pathogenic mechanisms involved in the LV diastolic dysfunction caused by T2DM. These mechanisms lead to structural changes in the heart such as LV hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, resulting in HF. The prevalence of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the major pathology of LV diastolic dysfunction, has been increasing recently, and a high incidence of HFpEF in patients with T2DM was reported. An effective therapy has not been established for HFpEF because multiple comorbidities such as advanced age, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation as well as diabetes are involved in its pathology. In the present review, we review the involvement of associated conditions such as hypertension, obesity and advanced age from the aspect of the T2DM and LV diastolic dysfunction and discuss the possibility of the development of a new therapeutic strategy for LV diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Sakamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsutani
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kayama
- Department of Cardiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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30
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Couto GK, Fernandes RO, Lacerda D, Campos-Carraro C, Türck P, Bianchi SE, Ferreira GD, Brum IS, Bassani VL, Belló-Klein A, Araujo ASR. Profile of pterostilbene-induced redox homeostasis modulation in cardiac myoblasts and heart tissue. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Rehman K, Chohan TA, Waheed I, Gilani Z, Akash MSH. Taxifolin prevents postprandial hyperglycemia by regulating the activity of α‐amylase: Evidence from an in vivo and in silico studies. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:425-438. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Rehman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali Chohan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Iqra Waheed
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Gilani
- Department of Computer Science COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
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[Exendin-4 alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice by regulating Sirt1/PGC1α]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38. [PMID: 29891446 PMCID: PMC6743905 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.05.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of exendin-4 against diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control group with normal diet and diabetic group with high-fat diet for 4 weeks before streptozotocin injection. The successfully established diabetic mouse models were divided into diabetic group with exendin-4 treatment and diabetic control group for daily treatment with intraperitoneal injection of 1 nmol/kg exendin-4 and saline of equivalent volume for 8 weeks, respectively. The physiological parameters such as blood glucose and body weight were recorded. RT-PCR was used to examine the transcription levels of genes related with myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis and the genes related with mitochondrial functions including PGC1α, NRF and CytoC. The expressions of oxidative stress markers and Sirt1/PGC1 proteins were measured using Western blotting. and HE staining was used to observe the myocardial structural changes in the mice. RESULTS Compared with the normal control mice, the mice in diabetic control group showed significantly increased blood glucose and blood lipid levels (P<0.001), which were obviously improved by Exendin-4 treatment. The expressions of ANP, BNP, TGFβ1, CytoC1 and NOX1 were significantly increased (P<0.05) while Sirt1, PGC1α, NRF and SOD1 expression were markedly decreased in the myocardial tissue of the diabetic mice (P<0.05). Exendin-4 treatment resulted in obviously reduced expressions of ANP, BNP, TGFβ1, CytoC1 and NOX1 (P<0.05) and increased expressions of Sirt1, PGC1α, NRF and SOD1 (P<0.05) in the diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Exendin-4 protects against myocardial injury in diabetic mice by improving mitochondrial function and inhibiting oxidative stress through the Sirt1/PGC1α signaling pathway.
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Wang G, Song X, Zhao L, Li Z, Liu B. Resveratrol Prevents Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Increasing Nrf2 Expression and Transcriptional Activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2150218. [PMID: 29721501 PMCID: PMC5867593 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2150218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated if resveratrol ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by targeting associated oxidative stress mechanisms. METHOD Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in FVB mice was induced by several intraperitoneal injections of a low dose of streptozotocin. Hyperglycemic and age-matched control mice were given resveratrol (10 mg/kg per day) for 1 month and subsequently monitored for an additional 6 months. Mice were assigned to four groups: control, resveratrol, DM, and DM/resveratrol. Cardiac function and blood pressure were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months after DM induction. Oxidative damage and cardiac fibrosis were analyzed by histopathology, real-time PCR, and Western blot. RESULT Mice in the DM group exhibited increased blood glucose levels, cardiac dysfunction, and high blood pressure at 1, 3, and 6 months after DM induction. Resveratrol did not significantly affect blood glucose levels and blood pressure; however, resveratrol attenuated cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy in DM mice. Resveratrol also reduced DM-induced fibrosis. In addition, DM mice hearts exhibited increased oxidative damage, as evidenced by elevated accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal, which were both attenuated by resveratrol. Mechanistically, resveratrol increased NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and transcriptional activity, as well as Nrf2's downstream antioxidative targets. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that resveratrol prevents DM-induced cardiomyopathy, in part, by increasing Nrf2 expression and transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 100032, China
| | - Xianjin Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 100032, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 100032, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 100032, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 100032, China
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Kawaharada R, Masuda H, Chen Z, Blough E, Kohama T, Nakamura A. Intrauterine hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory signalling via the receptor for advanced glycation end products in the cardiac muscle of the infants of diabetic mother rats. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2701-2712. [PMID: 28942514 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gestational diabetes is associated with increased risk to the health of the mother and her offspring. In particular, the infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) exhibit elevated levels of preterm birth, macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, and cardiomyopathy. We have previously reported that IDMs showed abnormalities in cardiac Akt-related insulin signalling, and that these deficiencies in Akt-related signalling were attenuated by supplementing the maternal diet with fish-oil. Herein, we investigated whether the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) found in fish oil can be used to attenuate diabetes associated impairments in cardiomyocyte signalling. METHODS Pregnant diabetic rats were administered streptozotocin before receiving EPA or water, and their infants were designated IDM/EPA, IDM/W. We assessed the potential molecular pathway for this effect in the primary cardiac cell from newborn rat hearts. RESULTS Insulin resistance as determined by diminished GLUT4 translocation following insulin stimulation, the levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species were elevated in the neonatal hearts of IDM/W compared with that seen in the offspring born from non-diabetic control animals. Similarly, the receptor of AGEs (RAGE) mRNA levels, reactive oxygen species and the amount of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA were higher in the hearts from the IDM/W when compared to that observed in the hearts of offspring born to non-diabetic animals. These deleterious effects of gestational diabetes were significantly decreased in the offspring of diabetic mothers receiving EPA supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest that the EPA in fish oil may improve the impaired signalling and the excessive protein glycation in the cardiac muscles of infants exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Kawaharada
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Haruna Masuda
- Department of Nutrition, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, 617-1, Takabayashinishi-machi, Ota, Gunma, 373-8550, Japan
| | - Zhenyi Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Eric Blough
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.,Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Tomoko Kohama
- Maki Hospital, 71-1, Tsukunawa-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0075, Japan
| | - Akio Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
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Qi J, Sun LQ, Qian SY, Yu BY. A novel multi-hyphenated analytical method to simultaneously determine xanthine oxidase inhibitors and superoxide anion scavengers in natural products. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 984:124-133. [PMID: 28843555 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural products, such as rosmarinic acid and apigenin, can act as xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) as well as superoxide anion scavengers, and have potential for treatment of diseases associated with high uric acid levels and oxidative stress. However, efficient simultaneous screening of these two bioactivities in natural products has been challenging. We have developed a novel method by assembling a multi-hyphenated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system that combines a photo-diode array, chemiluminescence detector and a HPLC system with a variable wavelength detector, to simultaneously detect components that act as both XOIs and superoxide anion scavengers in natural products. Superoxide anion scavenging activity in the analyte was measured by on-line chemiluminescence chromatography based on pyrogallol-luminol oxidation, while xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was determined by semi-on-line HPLC analysis. After optimizing multiple elements, including chromatographic conditions (e.g., organic solvent concentration and mobile phase pH), concentrations of xanthine/xanthine oxidase and reaction temperature, our validated analytical method was capable of mixed sample analysis. The final results from our method are presented in an easily understood visual format including comprehensive bioactivity data of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qi
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translation Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Li-Qiong Sun
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Steven Y Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translation Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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Dihydromyricetin Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3764370. [PMID: 28421194 PMCID: PMC5379084 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3764370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of heart failure in diabetic patients. The present study sought to explore the potential effects of dihydromyricetin (DHM) on DCM and its possible mechanism. A diabetic model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in C57BL/6J mice. Two weeks after the STZ injection, mice were randomly allocated into the following 4 groups for treatment: the control group (CON), the control treated with DHM group (CON + DHM), the diabetes group (DM), and the diabetes treated with DHM group (DM + DHM). DHM was dissolved in distilled water and administered daily by gavage. For 14 weeks, the CON + DHM group and DM + DHM group were given a dose of 100 mg/kg/day DHM (Sigma-Aldrich), while the CON and DM groups were intragastrically given equivalent volumes of distilled water. Assessments and comparisons were made among the groups based on cardiac function and structural changes, inflammation factors, markers of oxidative stress, mitochondria function, apoptosis, and autophagy. The DHM treatment normalized body weight, preserved cardiac function, attenuated oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px), reduced the levels of inflammation factors (IL-6, TNF-α), alleviated pathological changes, improved mitochondrial function (ATP content, CS activity, and complex Ι/ΙΙ/ΙΙΙ/ΙV/V activities), inhibited cardiac apoptosis, and restored autophagy in diabetic mice. DHM may have a great therapeutic potential in the treatment of DCM.
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Zinc Prevents the Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in db/db Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030580. [PMID: 28272348 PMCID: PMC5372596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Zinc is an important essential trace metal, whose deficiency is associated with various chronic ailments, including vascular diseases. We assessed T2DM B6.BKS(D)-Leprdb/J (db/db) mice fed for six months on a normal diet containing three zinc levels (deficient, adequate, and supplemented), to explore the role of zinc in DCM development and progression. Cardiac function, reflected by ejection fraction, was significantly decreased, along with increased left ventricle mass and heart weight to tibial length ratio, in db/db mice. As a molecular cardiac hypertrophy marker, atrial natriuretic peptide levels were also significantly increased. Cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy were accompanied by significantly increased fibrotic (elevated collagen accumulation as well as transforming growth factor β and connective tissue growth factor levels) and inflammatory (enhanced expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, caspase recruitment domain family member 9, and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10, and activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) responses in the heart. All these diabetic effects were exacerbated by zinc deficiency, and not affected by zinc supplementation, respectively. Mechanistically, oxidative stress and damage, mirrored by the accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, was significantly increased along with significantly decreased expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidants (NQO-1 and catalase). This was also exacerbated by zinc deficiency in the db/db mouse heart. These results suggested that zinc deficiency promotes the development and progression of DCM in T2DM db/db mice. The exacerbated effects by zinc deficiency on the heart of db/db mice may be related to further suppression of Nrf2 expression and function.
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Suliman HB, Keenan JE, Piantadosi CA. Mitochondrial quality-control dysregulation in conditional HO-1 -/- mice. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e89676. [PMID: 28194437 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1; HO-1) pathway was tested for defense of mitochondrial quality control in cardiomyocyte-specific Hmox1 KO mice (HO-1[CM]-/-) exposed to oxidative stress (100% O2). After 48 hours of exposure, these mice showed persistent cardiac inflammation and oxidative tissue damage that caused sarcomeric disruption, cardiomyocyte death, left ventricular dysfunction, and cardiomyopathy, while control hearts showed minimal damage. After hyperoxia, HO-1(CM)-/- hearts showed suppression of the Pgc-1α/nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) axis, swelling, low electron density mitochondria by electron microscopy (EM), increased cell death, and extensive collagen deposition. The damage mechanism involves structurally deficient autophagy/mitophagy, impaired LC3II processing, and failure to upregulate Pink1- and Park2-mediated mitophagy. The mitophagy pathway was suppressed through loss of NRF-1 binding to proximal promoter sites on both genes. These results indicate that cardiac Hmox1 induction not only prevents heme toxicity, but also regulates the timing and registration of genetic programs for mitochondrial quality control that limit cell death, pathological remodeling, and cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claude A Piantadosi
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Anesthesiology.,Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Combination of Morroniside and Diosgenin Prevents High Glucose-Induced Cardiomyocytes Apoptosis. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010163. [PMID: 28106847 PMCID: PMC6155861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornus officinalis and Dioscorea opposita are two traditional Chinese medicines widely used in China for treating diabetes mellitus and its complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Morroniside (Mor) of Cornus officinalis and diosgenin (Dio) of Dioscorea opposita formed an innovative formula named M + D. The aims of the present study were to investigate myocardial protective effect of M + D on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) through the inhibition of expression levels of caspase-3 protein, and identify the advantage of M + D compared with Mor, Dio, and the positive drug metformin (Met). We detected cell viability, cell apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 protein in rat cardiomyocytes. In result, Mor, Dio, and M + D increased cell viability, inhibited cell apoptosis and decreased ROS levels. Additionally, the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 protein was modulated and the expression levels of caspase-3 protein were markedly decreased. Among the treatment groups, M + D produced the most prominent effects. In conclusion, our data showed for the first time that Mor, Dio, and M + D prevented high glucose (HG)-induced myocardial injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes. Among all the groups, M + D produced the strongest effect, while Mor and Dio produced weaker effects.
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40
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Zhao B, Gao WW, Liu YJ, Jiang M, Liu L, Yuan Q, Hou JB, Xia ZY. The role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in brain injury induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model of diabetes mellitus. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1632-1639. [PMID: 29171428 PMCID: PMC5696844 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.217337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury can lead to severe brain injury. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta is known to be involved in myo-cardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and diabetes mellitus. However, the precise role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced brain injury is unclear. In this study, we observed the effects of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta on brain injury induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. Rat models of diabetes mellitus were generated via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury were generated by occluding the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Post-conditioning comprised three cycles of ischemia/reperfusion. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot assays demonstrated that after 48 hours of reperfusion, the structure of the brain was seriously damaged in the experimental rats compared with normal controls. Expression of Bax, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, and cleaved caspase-3 in the brain was significantly increased, while expression of Bcl-2, interleukin-10, and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta was decreased. Diabetes mellitus can aggravate inflammatory reactions and apoptosis. Ischemic post-conditioning with glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor lithium chloride can effectively reverse these changes. Our results showed that myocardial ischemic post-conditioning attenuated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced brain injury by activating glyco-gen synthase kinase 3 beta. According to these results, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta appears to be an important factor in brain injury induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen-Wei Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ya-Jing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia-Bao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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41
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Zhang B, Chen Y, Shen Q, Liu G, Ye J, Sun G, Sun X. Myricitrin Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis through Activating Akt-Nrf2 Signaling in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070880. [PMID: 27399653 PMCID: PMC6274128 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, as well as diabetes mellitus, has been shown to trigger cardiac cell apoptosis. We have previously demonstrated that myricitrin prevents endothelial cell apoptosis. However, whether myricitrin can attenuate H9c2 cell apoptosis remains unknown. In this study, we established an experiment model in H9c2 cells exposed to high glucose. We tested the hypothesis that myricitrin may inhibit high glucose (HG)-induced cardiac cell apoptosis as determined by TUNEL staining. Furthermore, myricitrin promoted antioxidative enzyme production, suppressed high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in H9c2 cells. This agent significantly inhibited apoptotic protein expression, activated Akt and facilitated the transcription of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated protein (heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) expression as determined by Western blotting. Significantly, an Akt inhibitor (LY294002) or HO-1 inhibitor (ZnPP) not only inhibited myricitrin-induced HO-1/NQO-1 upregulation but also alleviated its anti-apoptotic effects. In summary, these observations demonstrate that myricitrin activates Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant signaling and attenuates H9c2 cell apoptosis induced by high glucose via activation of Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yaping Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qiang Shen
- Center of Research and Development on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China.
| | - Guiyan Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jingxue Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
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42
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Yu HT, Zhen J, Pang B, Gu JN, Wu SS. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates oxidative stress and myocardial apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 16:344-54. [PMID: 25990051 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the cardioprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in a diabetic rat model induced with high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Ginsenoside Rg1 was injected intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. Myocardial injury indices and oxidative stress markers were determined. Changes in cardiac ultrastructure were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy. Myocardial apoptosis was assessed via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT)-mediated DNA nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemistry. Ginsenoside Rg1 was associated with a significant dose-dependent reduction in serum levels of creatinine kinase MB and cardiac troponin I, and lessened ultrastructural disorders in diabetic myocardium, relative to the untreated diabetic model rats. Also, compared with the untreated diabetic rats, significant reductions in serum and myocardial levels of malondialdehyde were noted in the ginsenoside Rg1-treated groups, and increased levels of the antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) were detected. TUNEL staining indicated reduced myocardial apoptosis in ginsenoside Rg1-treated rats, which may be associated with reduced levels of caspase-3 (CASP3) and increased levels of B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL) in the diabetic myocardium. Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment of diabetic rats was associated with reduced oxidative stress and attenuated myocardial apoptosis, suggesting that ginsenoside Rg1 may be of potential preventative and therapeutic value for cardiovascular injury in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-tao Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, PLA No. 208 Hospital, Changchun 130062, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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43
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Johnson R, Dludla P, Joubert E, February F, Mazibuko S, Ghoor S, Muller C, Louw J. Aspalathin, a dihydrochalcone C-glucoside, protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes against high glucose induced shifts in substrate preference and apoptosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:922-34. [PMID: 26773306 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Energy deprivation in the myocardium is associated with impaired heart function. This study aims to investigate if aspalathin (ASP) can ameliorate hyperglycemic-induced shift in substrate preference and protect the myocardium against cell apoptosis. METHODS AND RESULTS H9c2 cells were exposed to, either normal (5.5 mM) or high (33 mM) glucose concentrations for 48 h. Thereafter, cells exposed to 33 mM glucose were treated with metformin (1 μM) or ASP (1 μM), as well as a combination of metformin and ASP for 6 h. In vitro studies revealed that ASP improved glucose metabolism by decreasing fatty acid uptake and subsequent β-oxidation through the decreased expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase threonine 172 (pAMPK (Thr172)) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), while increasing acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression. ASP inhibited high glucose induced loss of membrane potential in H9c2 cells as observed by an increase in 5' ,6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3' -tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) ratio (orange\red fluorescence) and decreased apoptosis by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species and DNA nick formation, while increasing glutathione, superoxide dismutase, uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and Bcl-2\Bax ratio. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that ASP increases glucose oxidation and modulates fatty acid utilization producing a favorable substrate shift in H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose. Such a favorable shift will be of importance in the protection of cardiomyocytes in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Division of Post-Harvest and Wine Technology, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Faghri February
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | | | - Samira Ghoor
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christo Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, Cape Town, South Africa
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44
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Mapanga RF, Essop MF. Damaging effects of hyperglycemia on cardiovascular function: spotlight on glucose metabolic pathways. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H153-73. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00206.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular complications associated with hyperglycemia is a growing global health problem. This review discusses the link between hyperglycemia and cardiovascular diseases onset, focusing on the role of recently emerging downstream mediators, namely, oxidative stress and glucose metabolic pathway perturbations. The role of hyperglycemia-mediated activation of nonoxidative glucose pathways (NOGPs) [i.e., the polyol pathway, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and protein kinase C] in this process is extensively reviewed. The proposal is made that there is a unique interplay between NOGPs and a downstream convergence of detrimental effects that especially affect cardiac endothelial cells, thereby contributing to contractile dysfunction. In this process the AGE pathway emerges as a crucial mediator of hyperglycemia-mediated detrimental effects. In addition, a vicious metabolic cycle is established whereby hyperglycemia-induced NOGPs further fuel their own activation by generating even more oxidative stress, thereby exacerbating damaging effects on cardiac function. Thus NOGP inhibition, and particularly that of the AGE pathway, emerges as a novel therapeutic intervention for the treatment of cardiovascular complications such as acute myocardial infarction in the presence hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudo F. Mapanga
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M. Faadiel Essop
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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45
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Ni R, Zheng D, Xiong S, Hill DJ, Sun T, Gardiner RB, Fan GC, Lu Y, Abel ED, Greer PA, Peng T. Mitochondrial Calpain-1 Disrupts ATP Synthase and Induces Superoxide Generation in Type 1 Diabetic Hearts: A Novel Mechanism Contributing to Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Diabetes 2016; 65:255-68. [PMID: 26470784 PMCID: PMC4686953 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Calpain plays a critical role in cardiomyopathic changes in type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study investigated how calpain regulates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. T1D was induced in transgenic mice overexpressing calpastatin, in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific capn4 deletion, or in their wild-type littermates by injection of streptozotocin. Calpain-1 protein and activity in mitochondria were elevated in diabetic mouse hearts. The increased mitochondrial calpain-1 was associated with an increase in mitochondrial ROS generation and oxidative damage and a reduction in ATP synthase-α (ATP5A1) protein and ATP synthase activity. Genetic inhibition of calpain or upregulation of ATP5A1 increased ATP5A1 and ATP synthase activity, prevented mitochondrial ROS generation and oxidative damage, and reduced cardiomyopathic changes in diabetic mice. High glucose concentration induced ATP synthase disruption, mitochondrial superoxide generation, and cell death in cardiomyocytes, all of which were prevented by overexpression of mitochondria-targeted calpastatin or ATP5A1. Moreover, upregulation of calpain-1 specifically in mitochondria induced the cleavage of ATP5A1, superoxide generation, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. In summary, calpain-1 accumulation in mitochondria disrupts ATP synthase and induces ROS generation, which promotes diabetic cardiomyopathy. These findings suggest a novel mechanism for and may have significant implications in diabetic cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ni
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China Department of Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Pathology, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dong Zheng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China Department of Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Pathology, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - David J Hill
- Department of Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard B Gardiner
- Department of Biology, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Peter A Greer
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tianqing Peng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China Department of Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Pathology, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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46
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Kayama Y, Raaz U, Jagger A, Adam M, Schellinger IN, Sakamoto M, Suzuki H, Toyama K, Spin JM, Tsao PS. Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Induced by Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25234-63. [PMID: 26512646 PMCID: PMC4632800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM can lead to multiple cardiovascular complications, including coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure (HF). HF represents one of the most common causes of death in patients with DM and results from DM-induced CAD and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Oxidative stress is closely associated with the pathogenesis of DM and results from overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS overproduction is associated with hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders, such as impaired antioxidant function in conjunction with impaired antioxidant activity. Long-term exposure to oxidative stress in DM induces chronic inflammation and fibrosis in a range of tissues, leading to formation and progression of disease states in these tissues. Indeed, markers for oxidative stress are overexpressed in patients with DM, suggesting that increased ROS may be primarily responsible for the development of diabetic complications. Therefore, an understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms mediated by oxidative stress is crucial to the prevention and treatment of diabetes-induced CVD. The current review focuses on the relationship between diabetes-induced CVD and oxidative stress, while highlighting the latest insights into this relationship from findings on diabetic heart and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kayama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Uwe Raaz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Ann Jagger
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Matti Adam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Isabel N Schellinger
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Masaya Sakamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minatoku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Suzuki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minatoku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Toyama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Joshua M Spin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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47
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Xiao Q, Yang YA, Zhao XY, He LS, Qin Y, He YH, Zhang GP, Luo JD. Oxidative stress contributes to the impaired sonic hedgehog pathway in type 1 diabetic mice with myocardial infarction. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1750-1758. [PMID: 26640546 PMCID: PMC4665878 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that an impaired sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway contributed to cardiac dysfunction in type 1 diabetic mice with myocardial infarction (MI). The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress may contribute to the impaired Shh pathway and cardiac dysfunction in type 1 diabetic mice with MI. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice (C57/Bl6, male) and rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were used in the present study. Mice were randomly assigned to undergo ligation of the coronary artery or pseudosurgery. A potent antioxidant Tempol was administered in vivo and in vitro. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, capillary density by immunohistochemisty, percentage of myocardial infarct using Massons trichrome staining, reactive oxygen species detection using dihydroethidium dye or 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe and protein expression levels of the Shh pathway by western blot analysis. The antioxidant Tempol was shown to significantly increase myocardial protein expression levels of Shh and patched-1 (Ptc1) at 7–18 weeks and improved cardiac function at 18 weeks in type 1 diabetic mice, as compared with mice receiving no drug treatment. Furthermore, myocardial protein expression levels of Shh and Ptc1 were significantly upregulated on day 7 after MI, and capillary density was enhanced. In addition, the percentage area of myocardial infarct was reduced, and the cardiac dysfunction and survival rate were improved on day 21 in diabetic mice treated with Tempol. In vitro, treatment of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes with a mixture of xanthine oxidase and xanthine decreased protein expression levels of Shh and Ptc1 in a concentration-dependent manner, and Tempol attenuated this effect. These results indicate that oxidative stress may contribute to an impaired Shh pathway in type 1 diabetic mice, leading to diminished myocardial healing and cardiac dysfunction. Antioxidative strategies aimed at restoring the endogenous Shh pathway may offer a useful means for improving diabetic cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China ; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Y A Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ya Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China
| | - Li-Shan He
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Guangzhou Research Institute of Snake Venom, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua He
- Guangzhou Research Institute of Snake Venom, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Dong Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China ; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
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Safari M, Sameni HR, Badban L, Bandegi AR, Vafaei AA, Pour AR, Ghahari L. Protective Effects of Water Extract of Propolis on Dopaminergic Neurons, Brain
Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Stress Oxidative Factors in the Rat Model of
Parkinson’s Disease. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.300.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Matrine pretreatment improves cardiac function in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy via suppressing ROS/TLR-4 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:323-33. [PMID: 25619390 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Matrine is an alkaloid from Sophora alopecuroides L, which has shown a variety of pharmacological activities and potential therapeutic value in cardiovascular diseases. In this study we examined the protective effects of matrine against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in rats. METHODS Male SD rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce DCM. One group of DCM rats was pretreated with matrine (200 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), po) for 10 consecutive days before STZ injection. Left ventricular function was evaluated using invasive hemodynamic examination, and myocardiac apoptosis was assessed. Primary rat myocytes were used for in vitro experiments. Intracellular ROS generation, MDA content and GPx activity were determined. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of relevant mRNAs and proteins. RESULTS DCM rats exhibited abnormally elevated non-fasting blood glucose levels at 4 weeks after STZ injection, and LV function impairment at 16 weeks. The cardiac tissues of DCM rats showed markedly increased apoptosis, excessive ROS production, and activation of TLR-4/MyD-88/caspase-8/caspase-3 signaling. Pretreatment with matrine significantly decreased non-fasting blood glucose levels and improved LV function in DCM rats, which were associated with reducing apoptosis and ROS production, and suppressing TLR-4/MyD-88/caspase-8/caspase-3 signaling in cardiac tissues. Incubation in a high-glucose medium induced oxidative stress and activation of TLR-4/MyD-88 signaling in cultured myocytes in vitro, which were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSION Excessive ROS production in DCM activates the TLR-4/MyD-88 signaling, resulting in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas pretreatment with matrine improves cardiac function via suppressing ROS/TLR-4 signaling pathway.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED There is growing evidence that H2S has beneficial effects in treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. However, it remains unclear whether H2S can attenuate the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of H2S against DCM. Diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and administered with the H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) for 16 weeks. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) transfected with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific siRNA or pre-treated with SP600125, SB203580 or LY294002 prior to high glucose exposure were used to confirm the involvement of Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathways in the protective effects of H2S. The echocardiographical and histopathological data indicated that H2S improved left ventricular function and prevented cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats. H2S was also found to attenuate hyperglycaemia-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the cardiac tissue. In addition, H2S could activate the Nrf2/ARE signalling pathway and up-regulate the expression of antioxidant proteins haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in the diabetic myocardium. Moreover, H2S was found to reduce high glucose-induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK pathways and activating PI3K/Akt signalling. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that H2S alleviates the development of DCM via attenuation of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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