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Lee BW, Oeller LC, Crowder DW. Integrating Community Ecology into Models of Vector-Borne Virus Transmission. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2335. [PMID: 37375959 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne plant viruses are a diverse and dynamic threat to agriculture with hundreds of economically damaging viruses and insect vector species. Mathematical models have greatly increased our understanding of how alterations of vector life history and host-vector-pathogen interactions can affect virus transmission. However, insect vectors also interact with species such as predators and competitors in food webs, and these interactions affect vector population size and behaviors in ways that mediate virus transmission. Studies assessing how species' interactions affect vector-borne pathogen transmission are limited in both number and scale, hampering the development of models that appropriately capture community-level effects on virus prevalence. Here, we review vector traits and community factors that affect virus transmission, explore the existing models of vector-borne virus transmission and areas where the principles of community ecology could improve the models and management, and finally evaluate virus transmission in agricultural systems. We conclude that models have expanded our understanding of disease dynamics through simulations of transmission but are limited in their ability to reflect the complexity of ecological interactions in real systems. We also document a need for experiments in agroecosystems, where the high availability of historical and remote-sensing data could serve to validate and improve vector-borne virus transmission models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Lee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Liesl C Oeller
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - David W Crowder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
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Lin FJ, Bosquée E, Liu YJ, Chen JL, Yong L, Francis F. Impact of aphid alarm pheromone release on virus transmission efficiency: When pest control strategy could induce higher virus dispersion. J Virol Methods 2016; 235:34-40. [PMID: 27185564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aphids cause serious damages to crops not only by tacking sap but also by transmitting numerous viruses. To develop biological control, the aphid alarm pheromone, namely E-β-farnesene (EβF), has been demonstrated to be efficient to repel aphids and as attract beneficials, making it a potential tool to control aphid pests. Considering aphids also as virus vectors, changes of their behavior could also interfere with the virus acquisition and transmission process. Here, a combination of two aphid species and two potato virus models were selected to test the influence of EβF release on aphid and virus dispersion under laboratory conditions. EβF release was found to significantly decrease the population of Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae around the infochemical releaser but simultaneously also increasing the dispersal of Potato Virus Y (PVY). At the opposite, no significant difference for Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) transmission efficiency was observed with similar aphid alarm pheromone releases for none of the aphid species. These results provide some support to carefully consider infochemical releasers not only for push-pull strategy and pest control but also to include viral disease in a the plant protection to aphids as they are also efficient virus vectors. Impact of aphid kinds and transmission mechanisms will be discussed according to the large variation found between persistent and non persistent potato viruses and interactions with aphids and related infochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jing Lin
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China; Functional and evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Emilie Bosquée
- Functional and evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ying-Jie Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Ju-Lian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road,Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Liu Yong
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.
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Boquel S, Zhang J, Goyer C, Giguère MA, Clark C, Pelletier Y. Effect of insecticide-treated potato plants on aphid behavior and potato virus Y acquisition. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:1106-1112. [PMID: 25159012 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to assess the effect of two contact insecticides, lambda-cyhalothrin and flonicamid, and three systemic insecticides, pymetrozine, dimethoate and imidacloprid, on the behavior and potato virus Y (PVY) acquisition of three aphid species, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), Rhopalosiphum padi L. and Aphis fabae (Scopoli). RESULTS At 1-4 days after application, contact insecticides strongly modified aphid behavior and intoxicated them. Dimethoate sprayed on potato plants did not change the behavior of the three tested aphid species, while imidacloprid slightly reduced the probing behavior of M. euphorbiae and intoxicated several R. padi. The residual effect of the insecticides (10-21 days after application) was almost non-existent. No intoxication was found, and only slight changes in the behavior of R. padi and A. fabae were observed. The acquisition of PVY by R. padi was reduced on lambda-cyhalothrin- and dimethoate-treated plants that were sprayed a few days before the test. CONCLUSION One systemic and two contact insecticides were effective at intoxicating aphids and reducing probing behavior soon after application. Some insecticides might sporadically reduce the spread of PVY either by modifying the behavior or reducing PVY acquisition, but their action is likely limited to a short period of time after application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Boquel
- S.I.P.R.E. - Comité Nord, Achicourt, France
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Potato Research Centre, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Université de Moncton, Moncton, New-Brunswick, Canada
| | - Claudia Goyer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Potato Research Centre, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | - Catherine Clark
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Potato Research Centre, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Yvan Pelletier
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Potato Research Centre, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
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Schröder ML, Glinwood R, Ignell R, Krüger K. Landing Preference and Reproduction of Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the Laboratory on Three Maize, Potato, and Wheat Cultivars. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2015; 15:63. [PMID: 26022628 PMCID: PMC4535570 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) transmits the nonpersistent Potato virus Y (PVY) to seed potatoes. Planting a nonvirus host plant around the main crop can reduce PVY incidence, because aphids tend to land in high numbers at the edge of a field and the crop border acts as a virus sink. This study determined R. padi landing and settling preferences and reproductive rates on three cultivars each of maize and wheat compared with potato in the laboratory as a basis for identifying an attractive crop border plant. Aphids were reared on maize and wheat to control for bias due to previous experience. Irrespective of origin, alates preferred to land almost exclusively on maize and wheat rather than on potato cultivars in choice experiments. Aphid settling on the maize and wheat cultivars depended on aphid origin. In no-choice experiments, R. padi produced the highest number of offspring on the wheat cultivars, irrespective of origin. Plant nitrogen content and trichome density did not influence R. padi reproduction. The study demonstrates that host plant preference of aphids may vary between plant cultivars and can therefore influence the effectiveness of a crop border. The high landing rate but low reproduction suggest that maize cultivars '6Q-121' and '78-15B' could be suitable crop border plants in regions where R. padi is abundant. Before testing potential crop border plants in the field, cultivars should be screened using aphid landing, settling and reproduction as selection criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Schröder
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Robert Glinwood
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rickard Ignell
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Krüger
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
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Fray LM, Leather SR, Powell G, Slater R, McIndoe E, Lind RJ. Behavioural avoidance and enhanced dispersal in neonicotinoid-resistant Myzus persicae (Sulzer). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:88-96. [PMID: 23483696 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peach potato aphid Myzus persicae is a major agricultural pest capable of transmitting over 100 plant viruses to a wide range of crops. Control relies largely upon treatment with neonicotinoid insecticides such as thiamethoxam (TMX). In 2009, a strain denoted FRC, which exhibits between 255- and 1679-fold resistance to current neonicotinoids previously linked to metabolic and target site resistance, was discovered in France. Dispersal behaviour may potentially further enhance the resistance of this strain. This study investigated this possibility and is the first to compare the dispersal behaviour of aphid clones of the same species with differing levels of neonicotinoid resistance. RESULTS Comparing the dispersal behaviour of the FRC strain with that of a clone of lower neonicotinoid resistance (5191A), and a susceptible clone (US1L) highlighted several differences. Most importantly, the FRC strain exhibited an increased ability to locate untreated areas when presented with an environment consisting of both TMX-treated and untreated plant tissue. CONCLUSION The altered dispersal behaviour of the FRC may partially account for the high level of neonicotinoid resistance exhibited by this strain in the field. Since the dispersal of aphid vectors is key to the transmission of viruses across crop fields this has implications for current crop protection practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M Fray
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Diaz BM, Barrios L, Fereres A. Interplant movement and spatial distribution of alate and apterous morphs of Nasonovia ribisnigri (Homoptera: Aphididae) on lettuce. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2012; 102:406-14. [PMID: 22289142 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485311000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on colonization modes and interplant movement of Nasonovia ribisnigri can contribute to the development of optimal control of this pest. The aim of this study was to determine the spatio-temporal distribution and the mode of spread between adult morphs of Nasonovia ribisnigri, comparing spring and autumn lettuce protected crops. The spatial and temporal pattern was analyzed using the spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE) methodology and other related displacement indices. The population size of N. ribisnigri was greater in the autumn than in the spring growing seasons due to milder temperatures. The percentage of plants colonized by aphids was higher in spring than in autumn, showing the great dispersal potential of this aphid species independent of their population size. Differential propensity for initial displacement from the central plant was observed between adult morphs in spring, resulting in a greater ability of apterous than alate aphids to spread far away from the source plant. In autumn, both adult morphs showed an initial reduced displacement; however, the number of plants infested (≈20%) with at least one aphid at this initial time (seven days) was similar for both adult morphs and both growing seasons. Analysis of the spatial pattern of both adult morphs revealed a predominantly random distribution for both spring and autumn trials. This pattern was achieved by a prevalent random movement over the area (γ≈0.5). These results highlight the ability of the apterous N. ribisnigri to spread within greenhouse lettuce crops early in the spring, suggesting that detection of the pest by deep visual inspection is required after lettuce emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Diaz
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, (ICA-CSIC), C/Serrano 115 Dpdo., Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - L Barrios
- Centro Técnico de Informática (CTI-CSIC). C/Pinar 24, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - A Fereres
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, (ICA-CSIC), C/Serrano 115 Dpdo., Madrid 28006, Spain
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Boquel S, Ameline A, Giordanengo P. Assessing aphids potato virus Y-transmission efficiency: A new approach. J Virol Methods 2011; 178:63-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Boquel S, Giordanengo P, Ameline A. Probing behavior of apterous and alate morphs of two potato-colonizing aphids. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2011; 11:164. [PMID: 22242548 PMCID: PMC3281383 DOI: 10.1673/031.011.16401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Secondary host plant colonization by aphids involves alate and apterous morphs to spread in the population at a large scale by flying or, at a finer one, by walking. Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are two polyphagous aphids that cause serious losses on many crops, particularly on potato, Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae). When settlement of virginoparous alate aphids occurs, apterous individuals are produced and spread within the potato field. As these two potato colonizers originate from different areas and show different body length, this study compared probing behaviors of virginoparous alate and apterous M. persicae and M. euphorbiae on one of their secondary host plants, Solanum tuberosum. Non–choice bioassays and electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings were performed. Most M. euphorbiae of the two morphs rapidly accepted potato plants and exhibited long duration of probing, phloem sap salivation, and ingestion phases. In contrast, at the end of the experiment, most alates of M. persicae left the potato leaflet after brief gustative probes. Moreover, EPG experiments showed that the main difference between both morphs of the two species concerned the xylem ingestion parameter. Differences between species were also reported, such as an increased total duration of probing in both morphs and enhanced phloem ingestion duration in apterous M. euphorbiae. All the differences highlighted in this study are discussed according to the variations observed in aphid body size and to their historical association with Solanum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Boquel
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Biologie des Plantes et Contrôle des Insectes Ravageurs, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
- GIE, Station de Recherche et de Création Variétale du Comité Nord, 76110 Bretteville-du-Grand-Caux, France
| | - Philippe Giordanengo
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Biologie des Plantes et Contrôle des Insectes Ravageurs, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Ameline
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Biologie des Plantes et Contrôle des Insectes Ravageurs, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
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Davis JA, Radcliffe EB. The Importance of an Invasive Aphid Species in Vectoring a Persistently Transmitted Potato Virus: Aphis glycines Is a Vector of Potato leafroll virus. PLANT DISEASE 2008; 92:1515-1523. [PMID: 30764441 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-92-11-1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were undertaken to determine soybean aphid (i) landing rates in potato fields, (ii) population dynamics on potato, (iii) feeding behavior compared with green peach aphid on potato using the electrical penetration graph technique (EPG), (iv) acquisition, retention, and transmission of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), and (v) if soybean aphid-infested crop borders could increase PLRV spread in seed potato. Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) landed on potato but failed to establish colonies. EPG showed no significant differences between the aphid species in preprobe, xylem phase, sieve element salivation, and phloem sap ingestion durations on potato. Soybean aphid acquired PLRV 78% of the time, and 75 and 70% of individual aphids retained infectivity after 72 and 144 h, respectively. Soybean aphid transmitted PLRV to susceptible potato with 6 to 9% efficiency. Prior to the invasion of this exotic pest, soybean borders were commonly used in Minnesota and North Dakota to protect seed potato against spread of Potato virus Y. In 2002 and 2004, PLRV incidence was not different in potatoes with soybean borders whether treated with insecticide or not. In 2005, with extreme soybean aphid pressure, potatoes with untreated (no insecticide) borders had significantly greater PLRV spread. This is the first report of soybean aphid transmitting PLRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Davis
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - E B Radcliffe
- University of Minnesota, Department of Entomology, St. Paul 55108
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Karley AJ, Pitchford JW, Douglas AE, Parker WE, Howard JJ. The causes and processes of the mid-summer population crash of the potato aphids Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2003; 93:425-438. [PMID: 14641981 DOI: 10.1079/ber2003252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Populations of many phloem-feeding aphid species in temperate regions increase exponentially in early summer and then 'disappear', usually over a time-scale of a few days, in July. To understand these dynamics, empirical investigation of the causes and modelling of the processes underlying population change are required. Numbers of the aphids Myzus persicae(Sulzer) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), monitored over three years in commercial potato fields in the UK, increased to a maximum of 2-2.5 per leaflet on 16 July in 1999 and 2001, and then declined to < 0.25 per leaflet by 26 July. In 2000, aphid numbers remained very low (< 0.25 per leaflet) throughout the season. The onset of the crash in aphid numbers (16-19 July in 1999 and 2001) was consistently associated with changes in the phloem amino acid composition of potato leaflets. Natural enemies, including syrphids, parasitoids, coccinellids, chrysopids and entomopathogenic fungi, increased in abundance throughout the sampling period. The incidence of winged emigrant aphids prior to the crash was low (< 10%). Experimental manipulation during 2001 demonstrated that, during the crash period, the fecundity of aphids (caged on leaves to exclude natural enemies) was depressed by 25-45% relative to earlier in the season, and that presence of natural enemies reduced aphid numbers by up to 68%. Using these data, an excitable medium model was constructed, which provided a robust description of aphid population dynamics in terms of plant development-induced changes in aphid fecundity and temporal change in natural enemy pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Karley
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5YW, UK.
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Infection of Macrosiphum euphorbiae with mycelial preparations of Erynia neoaphidis in a greenhouse trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1017/s0953756299002038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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