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Zhou HB, Lu SZ, Yu ZS, Zhang JL, Mei ZN. Mechanisms for the biological activity of Gastrodia elata Blume and its constituents: A comprehensive review on sedative-hypnotic, and antidepressant properties. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155251. [PMID: 38056151 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia and depressive disorder are two common symptoms with a reciprocal causal relationship in clinical practice, which are usually manifested in comorbid form. Several medications have been widely used in the treatment of insomnia and depression, but most of these drugs show non-negligible side effects. Currently, many treatments are indicated for insomnia and depressive symptom, including Chinese herbal medicine such as Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata), which has excellent sedative-hypnotic and antidepressant effects in clinical and animal studies. PURPOSE To summarize the mechanisms of insomnia and depression and the structure-activity mechanism for G. elata to alleviate these symptoms, particularly by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and intestinal flora, aiming to discover new approaches for the treatment of insomnia and depression. METHODS The following electronic databases were searched from the beginning to November 2023: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Wanfang Database, and CNKI. The following keywords of G. elata were used truncated with other relevant topic terms, such as depression, insomnia, antidepressant, sedative-hypnotic, neuroprotection, application, safety, and toxicity. RESULTS Natural compounds derived from G. elata could alleviate insomnia and depressive disorder, which is involved in monoamine neurotransmitters, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and gut microbes, etc. Several clinical trials showed that G. elata-derived natural compounds that treat depression and insomnia have significant and safe therapeutic effects, but further well-designed clinical and toxicological studies are needed. CONCLUSION G. elata exerts a critical role in treating depression and insomnia due to its multi-targeting properties and fewer side effects. However, more clinical and toxicological studies should be performed to further explore the sedative-hypnotic and antidepressant mechanisms of G. elata and provide more evidence and recommendations for its clinical application. Our review provides an overview of G. elata treating insomnia with depression for future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Sheng-Ze Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Zhong-Shun Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Jiu-Liang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhi-Nan Mei
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Zhao Y, Zhou H, Liu Q, Liu J, Wu M, Yuan S, Xu W, Wang Y, Wang K, Li L, Liu J. Chinese Herbal Medicine Combined With Antiepileptic Drugs for Intractable Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917099. [PMID: 37090900 PMCID: PMC10117129 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Intractable epilepsy (IE) is still a major concern in neurology, and existing therapies do not adequately control symptoms. Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) has been widely used as an adjunct to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for IE. However, because of the contradictory findings reported in previous studies, it is uncertain if the present evidence is robust enough to warrant its usage. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of the combination of CHM and AEDs for IE.Methods: From inception to September 2021, Medline, Ovid, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database, and Wanfang Database were searched. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy of the combination of CHM and AEDs for IE were included. We defined monthly seizure frequency as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes included the abnormal rate of electroencephalogram (EEG), seizure duration, quality of life (QoL), and adverse events (AEs).Results: Twenty studies with 1,830 patients were enrolled. Most trials had poor methodological quality. The meta-analysis showed that the combination of CHM and AEDs was more efficient than AEDs alone in reducing monthly seizure frequency [MD = −1.26%, 95% CI (−1.62, −0.91); p < 0.00001], the abnormal rate of EEG [RR = 0.66%, 95% CI (0.53, 0.82); p = 0.0002], and improving the QoL [MD = 6.96%, 95% CI (3.44, 10.49); p = 0.0001]. There was no significant difference in seizure duration between groups. Moreover, the combination of CHM and AEDs significantly reduced the AEs [RR = 0.45%, 95% CI (0.32, 0.64); p < 0.00001].Conclusion: The combination of CHM and AEDs could improve seizure control by reducing monthly seizure frequency and abnormal rate of EEG with a decreased risk of adverse events in patients with IE. However, these findings must be interpreted carefully due to the high or uncertain risk of bias in the included trials. To provide stronger evidence for the use of CHM combined with AEDs in IE, high-quality RCTs will be urgently warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hufang Zhou
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxuan Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Wu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Yuan
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinmin Liu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinmin Liu,
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Chen X, Wang J, He Z, Liu X, Liu H, Wang X. Analgesic and Anxiolytic Effects of Gastrodin and Its Influences on Ferroptosis and Jejunal Microbiota in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Injected Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:841662. [PMID: 35516438 PMCID: PMC9063750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.841662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of gastrodin (GAS) on analgesic, anxiolytic, ferroptosis, and jejunal microbiota in chronic inflammatory pain mice. The chronic inflammatory pain model of C57BL/6J mice was established by hindpaw injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). After GAS treatment, thermal hyperalgesia test, mechanical allodynia test, elevated plus-maze (EPMT), and open-field test (OFT) were performed to assess the behavioral changes of pain and anxiety. mRNAs of FTHI, GPX4, HO-1, and PTGS2 and jejunal microbiota were measured by qPCR. In CFA-injected C57BL/6 mice, we found that the mechanical and thermal pain threshold were increased with treatment of GAS. In EPMT, the number of entries in open arms and retention times of open arms were increased by GAS. In the OFT, the time spent in the central area was also increased. Furthermore, GAS enhanced mRNA expressions of FTHI, GPX4, and HO-1 but decreased the expression of PTGS2 in a dose-dependent manner. GAS is effective in the treatment of mice chronic inflammatory pain and anxiety-like behaviors. It may be exhibits potential neuroprotective effects through inhibition of ferroptosis independently of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyue Wang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixian He
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xing Wang,
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Zhang T, Zhou B, Sun J, Song J, Nie L, Zhu K. Fraxetin suppresses reactive oxygen species-dependent autophagy by the PI3K/Akt pathway to inhibit isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:617-628. [PMID: 34553399 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Isoflurane, a common volatile anesthetic, has been widely used to provide general anesthesia in operations. However, exposure to isoflurane may cause widespread neurotoxicity in the developing animal brain. Fraxetin, a natural coumarin derivative extracted from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla, possesses versatile pharmacological properties including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the effect and action mechanism of fraxetin on neurotoxicity induced by isoflurane are unknown. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and apoptosis were estimated by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining, MTT, LDH release, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining assays, respectively. The protein levels of light chain 3 (LC3)-I, LC3-II, p62, protein kinase B (Akt), and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) were detected by western blot analysis. Isoflurane induced ROS, LDH release, apoptosis, and autophagy, but inhibited the viability in HT22 cells, which were overturned by fraxetin or ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Fraxetin suppressed isoflurane-induced PI3K/Akt inactivation in HT22 cells. PI3K/Akt inactivation by LY294002 resisted the effects of fraxetin on isoflurane-induced autophagy and autophagy-modulated neurotoxicity in HT22 cells. In conclusion, fraxetin suppressed ROS-dependent autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway to inhibit isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanshi Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, China
| | - Botao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junyi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanshi Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, China
| | - Jiangling Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanshi Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, China
| | - Limin Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanshi Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang, China
| | - Kairun Zhu
- Operating Room, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
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Wang Z, Zheng N, Liang J, Wang Q, Zu X, Wang H, Yuan H, Zhang R, Guo S, Liu Y, Zhou J. Emodin resists to Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 replication via the pathways of Nrf2/Keap1-ARE and NF-κB in the ornamental koi carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 246:109023. [PMID: 33647480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) causes high mortality in carp. Emodin has been shown of the effects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral. In present study, we investigated the preventive effects and mechanism of emodin on CyHV-3 infection. The ornamental koi carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) were intraperitoneally injected with emodin (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, or 40 mg/kg). 72 h later, an intraperitoneal injection of CyHV-3 was administered, and collected the samples one week later to detect the antioxidant parameters, antioxidant genes, inflammatory genes and to perform histopathology assays. The results showed that emodin significantly suppressed CyHV-3 replication (P < 0.05), improved the koi survival rate and slowed the damage caused by CyHV-3. Emodin treatment increased the antioxidant activity and decreased the lipid peroxidation level of the koi. Compared to the CyHV-3 group, emodin treatment resulted in the same antioxidant parameters after CyHV-3 infection. Emodin treatment activated the Nuclear factorery throid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-antioxidatant response element (Nrf2/Keap1-ARE) pathway and upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the hepatopancreas after CyHV-3 infection. Emodin activated the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway and decreased the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the koi induced by CyHV-3. In conclusion, emodin treatment can suppress CyHV-3 replication and reduce the mortality of koi caused by CyHV-3. Emodin improves antioxidant function, relieves oxidative stress and inflammation cytokines via Nrf2/Keap1-ARE and NF-κB pathways, and protects against the adverse effects induced by CyHV-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Xiujie Zu
- Jilin Academy of Fishery Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Jilin Province Fishery Technology Extension Station, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Jilin Province Fishery Technology Extension Station, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Jilin Academy of Fishery Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
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Yip KL, Zhou X, Chook P, Leung PC, Schachter S, Mok VCT, Leung TWH, Koon CM, Leung H. Herb-drug interaction of gastrodiae rhizoma on carbamazepine: A pharmacokinetic study in rats. Epilepsy Res 2020; 165:106376. [PMID: 32526641 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR), is a traditional Chinese Medicine that has been used for neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Epilepsy patients may be treated with adjunctive therapy of GR with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). In particular, carbamazepine (CBZ) is of high potential to interact with concurrent treatment of Chinese Medicine. This study was to investigate the herb-drug interactions of GR and CBZ, an AED, through pharmacokinetic approach in rats. METHODS We adopted a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system to quantify the plasma level of CBZ and its metabolite (carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide, CBZE). The method was validated as per instructions under United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) guidance. For the herb-drug interaction study, rats were randomly divided into four different treatment groups: single-dose CBZ treatment, single-dose CBZ/GR treatment, 2-week course of CBZ treatment and 2-week course of CBZ/GR treatment. RESULTS Our results demonstrated the auto-induction of CBZ metabolization when comparing single-dose with 2-week course of CBZ treatment. Pharmacokinetic interactions were noted in concomitant use of GR with CBZ by comparing two single-dose treatments (CBZ versus CBZ/GR). Our data showed that GR increased the mean residence time (MRT0-t) and the time taken to reach the maximum concentration (Tmax) of CBZ in single-dose of CBZ/GR treatment. The maximum drug concentration (Cmax) of CBZ was reduced in single-dose CBZ/GR treatment. When comparing the 2-week course of CBZ treatment with the 2-week course of CBZ/GR treatment, the MRT0-t and half-life of CBZ were increased. The AUC0-t, the Cmax and the half-life of CBZE were increased. CONCLUSION CBZ/GR treatment may reduce the auto-induction of CBZ over 2 weeks. While the reduction of auto-induction could enhance the therapeutic effects of CBZ, it could also lead to an increase in neurological side effects and non-neurological adverse effects. Our results provided preclinical evidence of herb-drug interaction, which may have implications for epilepsy patients treated with GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lai Yip
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Ping Chook
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Steven Schachter
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital and Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas W H Leung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Man Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Howan Leung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Neuroprotection of round scad (Decapterus maruadsi) hydrolysate in glutamate-damaged PC12 cells: Possible involved signaling pathways and potential bioactive peptides. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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8
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Lee PJ, Park HJ, Yoo HM, Cho N. Betulin Protects HT-22 Hippocampal Cells against ER Stress through Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Inhibition of ROS Production. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19896684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A key pathologic event in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced neuronal cell death. ER stress-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in neurological disease processes. Betulin is one of the major triterpenoids found in Betula platyphylla that possesses several biological properties, including cytoprotective and antioxidative effects. Therefore, we investigated whether betulin could prevent ER stress-induced neurotoxicity in HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells. We observed that betulin reduced the thapsigargin (TG, an ER stress inducer)-induced apoptosis of HT-22 cells. Moreover, the cytoprotective effects of betulin were comparable to those of tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a potent ER stress-reducing agent. In our study, we confirmed that the ER stress-induced accumulation of ROS plays an important role in HT-22 cell death. Betulin also displayed cytoprotective effects in TG-injured HT-22 cells by reducing ROS generation; these results were comparable to those for N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a known ROS inhibitor. In addition, SnPP, a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor significantly blocked the cytoprotective effects and ROS scavenging activity of betulin. Based on these results, we believe that betulin-mediated induction of HO-1 may contribute to the neuroprotective effects against ER stress in HT-22 hippocampal cells. We also found that betulin significantly inhibited the TG-induced expression of CHOP and caspase-12. These results demonstrated that betulin could serve as a potential therapeutic agent against ER stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Jun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Namki Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Yip KL, Koon CM, Chen ZY, Chook P, Leung PC, Schachter S, Leung WH, Mok CT, Leung H. The antiepileptic effect of Gastrodiae Rhizoma through modulating overexpression of mTOR and attenuating astrogliosis in pilocarpine mice model. Epilepsia Open 2019; 5:50-60. [PMID: 32140643 PMCID: PMC7049815 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of water extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR) on the development of acquired temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and on regulating the expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F). Methods A pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (SE) model was adopted to precipitate injury in the limbic systems. GR and carbamazepine (CBZ) treatments were given to mice for 14 days prior to SE induction to demonstrate the antiepileptic effects and continued for 5 more days to illustrate the effects on histologic studies. Results Our results consolidated that GR treatment (92.1 minutes) could delay the SE onset in comparison with the control group (61.5 minutes, P = .041). Fewer mice had reached SE with GR treatment (41.7%) when compared with the control group (83.3%, P = .044). GR treatment (2.1 hours/mouse) could suppress the number of acute seizures in post‐SE survival mice when compared with the control group (4.5 hours/mouse, P < .001). The effects of GR treatment were elucidated with the mechanism of actions. GR treatment reduced the overexpression of mTOR (0.27 vs 0.67 AU/mg protein, P = .047). GR treatment increased the underexpression of SEMA3F (0.51 vs 0.16 µg/mg protein, P = .034). In the histochemical study of microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2) staining, our results showed that GR prevented neuronal loss in the GR treatment group (64.8% positively stained pixel area) as compared with the control group (59%, P = .014) in the hippocampus. In glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining, the severity of astrogliosis was mitigated by the GR treatment (4.1% positively stained pixel area) when compared to the control group (5.6%, P = .047) in the hippocampus. Significance These results provide preclinical evidence to support the use of GR, which could suppress acute seizures and relieve pathological changes in pilocarpine‐induced TLE mice. We demonstrated that the antiepileptic effects of GR could be accompanied by mTOR reduction and astrogliosis attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lai Yip
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Chi Man Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Zi Yi Chen
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Ping Chook
- Institute of Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Steven Schachter
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA.,Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
| | - Wai Hong Leung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Chung Tong Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Howan Leung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
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Phytochemical allylguaiacol exerts a neuroprotective effect on hippocampal cells and ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 339:261-268. [PMID: 29126931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Allylguaiacol is a phytochemical occurring in various plants such as cloves, cinnamon, basil, and nutmeg. Pharmacological effects of allylguaiacol include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activity. Although allylguaiacol is considered to have neuroprotective effects, there is no report on its regulatory mechanisms at the molecular level. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of allylguaiacol as an antioxidant and neuroprotective agent using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated HT22 hippocampal cells. Allylguaiacol increased the scavenging activities of free radicals 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzymes manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase. In addition, allylguaiacol inhibited H2O2-induced damage of HT22 with increasing production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Furthermore, antibody microarray data revealed that phospho-regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and death domain-associated protein (DAXX) is involved in protection against neuronal cell damage. In a mouse model of short-term memory impairment, allylguaiacol (2.5 or 5mg/kg) significantly ameliorated scopolamine-mediated cognitive impairment in a passive avoidance task. In addition, allylguaiacol significantly increased the expression of TrkA and B in the hippocampus from scopolamine-treated mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that allylguaiacol exerts a neuroprotective effect through the antioxidant activation and protein regulation of NF-κB p65 and DAXX-related signaling. The ameliorating effect of allylguaiacol may be useful for treatment of memory impairment in Alzheimer's and its related diseases.
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Jin XF, Wang S, Shen M, Wen X, Han XR, Wu JC, Tang GZ, Wu DM, Lu J, Zheng YL. RETRACTED: Effects of rehabilitation training on apoptosis of nerve cells and the recovery of neural and motor functions in rats with ischemic stroke through the PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:236-245. [PMID: 28843352 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and Academic Committee of Jiangsu Normal University (ACJSNU). ACJSNU informed the journal that they were aware of PubPeer comments of data fabrication and manipulation in Fig 4A, Fig 5A, Fig 7A + C as detailed here [https://pubpeer.com/publications/D732FA0F313382B58DD725C25A8AB9#3]. ACJSNU launched an investigation and invited two independent referees to review the issues raised on PubPeer and they agreed the paper displays signs of scientific fraud. An investigation made by Tangshan People's Hospital, concluded there are no researchers called Jun-Chang Wu and Gao-Zhou Tang in the hospital. ACJSNU requested that the corresponding authors of the paper provide the original experimental records and data for verification. However, the authors have been unable to address the above concerns, and have stated that the data were obtained from a third party which was not disclosed in the article. The National Natural Science Foundation of China has also investigated this paper and others by the corresponding authors [https://www.nsfc.gov.cn/publish/portal0/tab442/info85495.htm]. The Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the data presented and the conclusions of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Jin
- Institute of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Min Shen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Xin-Rui Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Jun-Chang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Gao-Zhuo Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China.
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Matias M, Silvestre S, Falcão A, Alves G. Gastrodia elata and epilepsy: Rationale and therapeutic potential. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1511-1526. [PMID: 27765372 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata) is a traditional Chinese herb used for centuries in folk medicine. Due to the claimed anticonvulsant properties of G. elata, it is expected that this herb continues to be a target of research, aiming to deepen the available knowledge on its biological activity and safety. PURPOSE The current review aims to discuss the most recent advances on the elucidation of the phytochemical composition and anticonvulsant potential of G. elata. METHODS Available literature was reviewed from PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and Science Direct, using combinations of the following keywords: Gastrodia elata, tianma, epilepsy, anticonvulsant and pharmacokinetics. Abstracts and full texts were evaluated for their clarity and scientific merit. RESULTS G. elata rhizome, as well as specific phenolic compounds isolated from this herb, have demonstrated anticonvulsant potential in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models. The pharmacological mechanisms potentially involved in the anticonvulsant activity have been extensively studied, being similar to the known mechanisms claimed for the available antiepileptic drugs. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of the main bioactive component of G. elata (gastrodin) has also been studied. CONCLUSION Due to its recognised therapeutic properties, G. elata has gained an increasing interest within the scientific community and, therefore, new medicinal preparations containing G. elata rhizome itself or its bioactive components are expected to be developed in the coming years. Moreover, specific phytochemical constituents isolated from G. elata may also be considered to integrate programs of discovery and development of new anticonvulsant drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Matias
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Samuel Silvestre
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
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13
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Lee DS, Lee M, Sung SH, Jeong GS. Involvement of heme oxygenase-1 induction in the cytoprotective and neuroinflammatory activities of Siegesbeckia Pubescens isolated from 5,3′-dihydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone in HT22 cells and BV2 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zhan HD, Zhou HY, Sui YP, Du XL, Wang WH, Dai L, Sui F, Huo HR, Jiang TL. The rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume - An ethnopharmacological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 189:361-85. [PMID: 27377337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gastrodia elata Blume (Orchidaceae) is commonly called Tian ma in Chinese and mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of eastern Asia, such as China, Korea, Japan and India. It is an extensively used traditional Chinese herbal medicine in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, to treat headache, migraine, dizziness, epilepsy, infantile convulsion, tetany and so on. The present paper reviews the advancements in investigation of botany and ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control of Gastrodia elata Blume. Finally, the possible tendency and perspective for future investigation of this plant are also put forward. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information on Gastrodia elata Blume was collected via piles of resources including classic books about Chinese herbal medicine, and scientific databases including Pubmed, Google Scholar, ACS, Web of science, ScienceDirect databases, CNKI and others. Plant taxonomy was validated by the databases "The Plant List", and "Mansfeld's Encyclopedia". RESULTS Over 81 compounds from this plant have been isolated and identified, phenolics and polysaccharides are generally considered as the characteristic and active constituents of Gastrodia elata Blume. Its active compounds possess wide-reaching biological activities, including sedative, hypnotic, antiepileptic, anticonvulsive, antianxietic, antidepressant, neuroprotective, antipsychotic, anti-vertigo, circulatory system modulating, anti-inflammationary, analgesic, antioxidative, memory-improving and antiaging, antivirus and antitumor effects. CONCLUSION Despite the publication of various papers on Gastrodia elata Blume, there is still, however, the need for definitive research and clarification of other bioactive compounds using bioactivity-guided isolation strategies, and the possible mechanism of action as well as potential synergistic or antagonistic effects of multi-component mixtures derived from Gastrodia elata Blume need to be evaluated. It is also necessary and important to do more quality control and toxicological study on human subjects in order to maintain its efficacy stable in the body and validate its safety in clinical uses. In addition, more investigations on other parts of this plant beyond the tubers are needed. Further studies on Gastrodia elata Blume will lead to the development of new drugs and therapeutics for various diseases, and how to utilize it better should be paid more attention to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dan Zhan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yun-Peng Sui
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xin-Liang Du
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei-Hao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Dai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Feng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hai-Ru Huo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Ting-Liang Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Lee DS, Ko W, Song BK, Son I, Kim DW, Kang DG, Lee HS, Oh H, Jang JH, Kim YC, Kim S. The herbal extract KCHO-1 exerts a neuroprotective effect by ameliorating oxidative stress via heme oxygenase-1 upregulation. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4911-9. [PMID: 27082826 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
KCHO-1 is a novel product comprised of 30% ethanol extracts obtained from nine medical herbs, which are commonly used in traditional Korean and Chinese medicine. The nine herbs include Curcuma longa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Gastrodia elata, Chaenomeles sinensis, Polygala tenuifolia, Paeonia japonica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Atractylodes japonica and processed Aconitum carmichaeli. Recent studies have reported the beneficial effects of these herbs. The present study aimed to investigate the direct neuroprotective effects of KCHO‑1 on HT22 mouse hippocampal cells, and to determine the possible underlying mechanisms. KCHO‑1 significantly suppressed glutamate‑ and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‑induced cell damage, and reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, KCHO‑1 increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of heme oxygenase (HO)‑1. Tin protoporphyrin, which is an inhibitor of HO activity, partially suppressed the effects of KCHO‑1. Furthermore, KCHO‑1 significantly upregulated nuclear factor erythroid‑derived 2‑related factor‑2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation. Extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) activation also appeared to be associated with KCHO‑1‑induced HO‑1 expression, since the ERK inhibitor PD98059 suppressed HO‑1 expression and prevented KCHO‑1‑induced cytoprotection. The results of the present study suggested that KCHO‑1 may effectively prevent glutamate‑ or H2O2‑induced oxidative damage via Nrf2/ERK mitogen‑activated protein kinase‑dependent HO‑1 expression. These data suggest that KCHO‑1 may be useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sung Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong‑gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonmin Ko
- Department of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeollabuk‑do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Keun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk‑do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhong Son
- Department of Neurology, Inam Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk‑do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woung Kim
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Gwangju Hospital, Gwangju 61729, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Gil Kang
- Hanbang Body‑Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk‑do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sub Lee
- Hanbang Body‑Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk‑do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeollabuk‑do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeog Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeollabuk‑do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul Kim
- ALS/MND Center of Wonkwang University Korean Medical Hospital, Gwangju 61729, Republic of Korea
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Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Kwon DY, Kim DS, Lee YH, Kim JE, Park S. Anti-Diabetic Activities of Gastrodia elata Blume Water Extracts Are Mediated Mainly by Potentiating Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Increasing β-Cell Mass in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Animals. Nutrients 2016; 8:161. [PMID: 26978400 PMCID: PMC4808889 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is an important modulator of glucose metabolism, and is known to respond Gastrodia elata Blume water extract (GEB). Therefore, we examined whether long-term administration of GEB has hypoglycemic activity, and its action mechanism was explored in partially-pancreatectomized rats that exhibit similar characteristics as Asian type 2 diabetes, non-obese insulin-insufficient diabetes. The rats were provided high-fat diets supplemented with either of (1) 0.5% GEB (GEB-L), (2) 2% GEB (GEB-H), (3) 2% dextrin (control), or (4) 2% dextrin with rosiglitazone (20 mg/kg body weight; positive-control) for eight weeks. GEB dose-dependently improved hypothalamic insulin signaling, enhanced whole-body insulin sensitivity during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and reduced hepatic glucose output in a hyperinsulinemic state. GEB dose-dependently increased the area under the curve of the serum insulin levels at the first and second phases during hyperglycemic clamp compared to the control, whereas the positive control had no effect. Insulin sensitivity during the hyperglycemic state also improved, dose-dependently, in response to GEB compared with that of the control, but was less than the positive control. GEB-H increased the mass of β-cells by potentiating proliferation and decreasing apoptosis. In conclusion, GEB could be a therapeutic agent for treating Asian type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Gastrodia/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Insulin Secretion
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Pancreatectomy
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plants, Medicinal
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Solvents/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Water/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Yang
- Food Functional Research Division, Korean Food Research Institutes, Sungnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Food Functional Research Division, Korean Food Research Institutes, Sungnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Dae Young Kwon
- Food Functional Research Division, Korean Food Research Institutes, Sungnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Da Sol Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea.
| | - Young Hyun Lee
- Department of Nanobiomechatronics, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea.
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea.
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea.
- Department of Nanobiomechatronics, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea.
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Bai Y, Yin H, Bi H, Zhuang Y, Liu T, Ma Y. De novo biosynthesis of Gastrodin in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2016; 35:138-147. [PMID: 26804288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodin, a phenolic glycoside, is the key ingredient of Gastrodia elata, a notable herbal plant that has been used to treat various conditions in oriental countries for centuries. Gastrodin is extensively used clinically for its sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsive and neuroprotective properties in China. Gastrodin is usually produced by plant extraction or chemical synthesis, which has many disadvantages. Herein, we report unprecedented microbial synthesis of gastrodin via an artificial pathway. A Nocardia carboxylic acid reductase, endogenous alcohol dehydrogenases and a Rhodiola glycosyltransferase UGT73B6 transformed 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, an intermediate of ubiquinone biosynthesis, into gastrodin in Escherichia coli. Pathway genes were overexpressed to enhance metabolic flux toward precursor 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. Furthermore, the catalytic properties of the UGT73B6 toward phenolic alcohols were improved through directed evolution. The finally engineered strain produced 545mgl(-1) gastrodin in 48h. This work creates a new route to produce gastrodin, instead of plant extractions and chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Bai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Huiping Bi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yibin Zhuang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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Baral S, Pariyar R, Yoon CS, Kim DC, Yun JM, Jang SO, Kim SY, Oh H, Kim YC, Seo J. Effects of Gastrodiae rhizoma on proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic neural stem cells. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:792-7. [PMID: 26522293 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Gastrodiae rhizoma, a dried root of Gastrodia elata Blume, on proliferation and differentiation of human NSCs derived from embryonic stem cells. METHODS A 70% ethanol extract of Gastrodiae rhizoma (EEGR) was estimated with 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol as a representative constituent by HPLC. RESULTS MTT assay showed that the treatment with EEGR increased the viability of NSCs in growth media. Compared to control, EEGR increased the number of dendrites and denritic spines extended from a differentiated NSC. Whereas EEGR decreased the mRNA expression of Nestin, it increased that of Tuj1 and MAP2 in NSCs grown in differentiation media. Immunocytochemical analysis using confocal microscopy also revealed the increased expression of MAP2 in dendrites of EEGR-treated NSCs. Furthermore, EEGR decreased mRNA expression of Sox2 in NSCs grown even in growth media. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time that EEGR induced proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs, suggesting its potential benefits on NSC-based therapies and neuroregeneration in various neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Baral
- From the BK21 Plus Team, South Korea; Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Ramesh Pariyar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Seok O Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- From the BK21 Plus Team, South Korea; Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Jungwon Seo
- From the BK21 Plus Team, South Korea; Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea; Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea.
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Huperzine A Alleviates Oxidative Glutamate Toxicity in Hippocampal HT22 Cells via Activating BDNF/TrkB-Dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:915-925. [PMID: 26440805 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative glutamate toxicity is involved in diverse neurological disorders including epilepsy and ischemic stroke. Our present work aimed to assess protective effects of huperzine A (HupA) against oxidative glutamate toxicity in a mouse-derived hippocampal HT22 cells and explore its potential mechanisms. Cell survival and cell injury were analyzed by MTT method and LDH release assay, respectively. The production of ROS was measured by detection kits. Protein expressions of BDNF, phosphor-TrkB (p-TrkB), TrkB, phosphor-Akt (p-Akt), Akt, phosphor-mTOR (p-mTOR), mTOR, phosphor-p70s6 (p-p70s6) kinase, p70s6 kinase, Bcl-2, Bax, and β-actin were assayed via Western blot analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the contents of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4). Our findings illustrated 10 μM HupA for 24 h significantly protected HT22 from cellular damage and suppressed the generation of ROS. Additionally, after treating with LY294002 or wortmannin [the selective inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)], HupA dramatically prevented the down-regulations of p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p-p70s6 kinase in HT22 cells under oxidative toxicity. Furthermore, it was observed that the protein levels of BDNF and p-TrkB were evidently enhanced after co-treatment with HupA and glutamate in HT22 cells. The elevations of p-Akt and p-mTOR were abrogated under toxic conditions after blockade of TrkB by TrkB IgG. Cellular apoptosis was significantly suppressed (decreased caspase-3 activity and enhanced Bcl-2 protein level) after HupA treatment. It was concluded that HupA attenuated oxidative glutamate toxicity in murine hippocampal HT22 cells via activating BDNF/TrkB-dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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20
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Qi LW, Zhang Z, Zhang CF, Anderson S, Liu Q, Yuan CS, Wang CZ. Anti-Colon Cancer Effects of 6-Shogaol Through G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest by p53/p21-cdc2/cdc25A Crosstalk. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:743-56. [PMID: 26119958 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemopreventive agents can be identified from botanicals. Recently, there has been strong support for the potential of 6-shogaol, a natural compound from dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale), in cancer chemoprevention. However, whether 6-shogaol inhibits the growth of colorectal tumors in vivo remains unknown, and the underlying anticancer mechanisms have not been well characterized. In this work, we observed that 6-shogaol (15 mg/kg) significantly inhibited colorectal tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. We show that 6-shogaol inhibited HCT-116 and SW-480 cell proliferation with IC50 of 7.5 and 10 μM, respectively. Growth of HCT-116 cells was arrested at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, primarily mediated by the up-regulation of p53, the CDK inhibitor p21(waf1/cip1) and GADD45α, and by the down-regulation of cdc2 and cdc25A. Using p53(-/-) and p53(+/+) HCT-116 cells, we confirmed that p53/p21 was the main pathway that contributed to the G2/M cell cycle arrest by 6-shogaol. 6-Shogaol induced apoptosis, mainly through the mitochondrial pathway, and the bcl-2 family might act as a key regulator. Our results demonstrated that 6-shogaol induces cancer cell death by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. 6-Shogaol could be an active natural product in colon cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing JS 210009, China.,Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing JS 210009, China
| | - Samantha Anderson
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Qun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing JS 210009, China
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA.,Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
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