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Tian Y, He X, Li R, Wu Y, Ren Q, Hou Y. Recent advances in the treatment of gout with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 112:117874. [PMID: 39167977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Gout is an autoinflammatory disorder characterized by the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in joints and other tissues, representing the predominant type of inflammatory arthritis with a notable prevalence and propensity for severe outcomes. The NLRP3 inflammasome, a member of the pyrin domain-containing NOD-like receptor family, exerts a substantial impact on both innate and adaptive immune responses and serves as a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of gout. In recent years, there has been significant academic and industrial interest in the development of NLRP3-targeted small molecule inhibitors as a promising therapeutic approach for gout. To assess the advancements in NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors for gout treatment, this review offers a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of current clinical candidates and other inhibitors targeting NLRP3 inflammasome from a chemical structure standpoint, with the goal of identifying more efficacious options for clinical management of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ruping Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yanxin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Yusen Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Wang S, Liu W, Wei B, Wang A, Wang Y, Wang W, Gao J, Jin Y, Lu H, Ka Y, Yue Q. Traditional herbal medicine: Therapeutic potential in acute gouty arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118182. [PMID: 38621464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acute gouty arthritis (AGA) is characterized by a rapid inflammatory reaction caused by the build-up of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the tissues surrounding the joints. This condition often associated with hyperuricemia (HUA), is distinguished by its symptoms of intense pain, active inflammation, and swelling of the joints. Traditional approaches in AGA management often fall short of desired outcomes in clinical settings. However, recent ethnopharmacological investigations have been focusing on the potential of Traditional Herbal Medicine (THM) in various forms, exploring their therapeutic impact and targets in AGA treatment. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review briefly summarizes the current potential pharmacological mechanisms of THMs - including active ingredients, extracts, and prescriptions -in the treatment of AGA, and discusses the relevant potential mechanisms and molecular targets in depth. The objective of this study is to offer extensive information and a reference point for the exploration of targeted AGA treatment using THMs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review obtained scientific publications focused on in vitro and in vivo studies of anti-AGA THMs conducted between 2013 and 2023. The literature was collected from various journals and electronic databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The retrieval and analysis of relevant articles were guided by keywords such as "acute gouty arthritis and Chinese herbal medicine," "acute gouty arthritis herbal prescription," "acute gouty arthritis and immune cells," "acute gouty arthritis and inflammation," "acute gouty arthritis and NOD-like receptor thermoprotein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3)," "acute gouty arthritis and miRNA," and "acute gouty arthritis and oxidative stress." RESULTS We found that AGA has a large number of therapeutic targets, highlighting the effectiveness the potential of THMs in AGA treatment through in vitro and in vivo studies. THMs and their active ingredients can mitigate AGA symptoms through a variety of therapeutic targets, such as influencing macrophage polarization, neutrophils, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and addressing factors like inflammation, NLRP3 inflammasome, signaling pathways, oxidative stress, and miRNA multi-target interactions. The anti-AGA properties of THMs, including their active components and prescriptions, were systematically summarized and categorized based on their respective therapeutic targets. CONCLUSION phenolic, flavonoid, terpenoid and alkaloid compounds in THMs are considered the key ingredients to improve AGA. THMs and their active ingredients achieve enhanced efficacy through interactions with multiple targets, of which NLRP3 is a main therapeutic target. Nonetheless, given the intricate composition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), additional research is required to unravel the underlying mechanisms and molecular targets through which THMs alleviate AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Wei Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China.
| | - Bowen Wei
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Wen Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Jingyue Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Yue Jin
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Hang Lu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Yuxiu Ka
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Qingyun Yue
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
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Tan M, Wang J, Chen Z, Xie X. Exploring global research trends in Chinese medicine for atherosclerosis: a bibliometric study 2012-2023. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1400130. [PMID: 38952541 PMCID: PMC11216286 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1400130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) boasts an extensive historical lineage and abundant clinical expertise in addressing atherosclerosis, this field is yet to be penetrated adequately by bibliometric studies. This study is envisaged to evaluate the contemporary scenario of TCM in conjunction with atherosclerosis over the preceding decade while also identifying forthcoming research trends and emerging topics via the lens of bibliometric analysis. Methods Literature pertaining to TCM and atherosclerosis, circulated between January 1, 2012 and November 14, 2023, was garnered for the purpose of this research. The examination embraced annual publications, primary countries/regions, engaged institutions and authors, scholarly journals, references, and keywords, utilizing analytical tools like Bibliometrix, CiteSpace, ScimagoGraphica, and VOSviewer present in the R package. Result This field boasts a total of 1,623 scholarly articles, the majority of which have been contributed by China in this field, with significant contributions stemming from the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Moreover, this field has received financial support from both the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Key Basic Research Development Program. Wang Yong tops the list in terms of publication count, while Xu Hao's articles take the lead for the total number of citations, positioning them at the core of the authors' collaborative network. The Journal of Ethnopharmacology leads with the most publications and boasts the greatest total number of citations. Principal research foci within the intersection of Chinese Medicine and Atherosclerosis encompass disease characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms, theoretical underpinnings and syndrome-specific treatments in Chinese medicine, potentialities of herbal interventions, and modulation exerted by Chinese medicines on gut microbiota. Conclusion This analysis offers a sweeping survey of the contemporary condition, principal foci, and progressive trends in worldwide research related to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and atherosclerosis. It further delves into an in-depth dissection of prominent countries, research institutions, and scholars that have made noteworthy strides in this discipline. Additionally, the report analyzes the most cited articles, research developments, and hotspots in the field, providing a reference for future research directions for clinical researchers and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moye Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jiuyuan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengxin Chen
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Xie
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Huang L, Yao Y, Ruan Z, Zhang S, Feng X, Lu C, Zhao J, Yin F, Cao C, Zheng L. Baicalin nanodelivery system based on functionalized metal-organic framework for targeted therapy of osteoarthritis by modulating macrophage polarization. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:221. [PMID: 38724958 PMCID: PMC11080297 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Intra-articular drugs used to treat osteoarthritis (OA) often suffer from poor pharmacokinetics and stability. Nano-platforms as drug delivery systems for drug delivery are promising for OA therapy. In this study, we reported an M1 macrophage-targeted delivery system Bai@FA-UIO-66-NH2 based on folic acid (FA) -modified metal-organic framework (MOF) loaded with baicalin (Bai) as antioxidant agent for OA therapy. With outstanding biocompatibility and high drug loading efficiency, Bai@FA-UIO-66-NH2 could be specifically uptaken by LPS-induced macrophages to serve as a potent ROS scavenger, gradually releasing Bai at the subcellular level to reduce ROS production, modulate macrophage polarization to M2, leading to alleviation of synovial inflammation in OA joints. The synergistic effect of Bai@FA-UIO-66-NH2 on macrophage polarization and ROS scavenging significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy of OA, which may provide a new insight into the design of OA precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanli Huang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhuren Ruan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengqing Zhang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xianjing Feng
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Chun Lu
- School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 53000, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Feiying Yin
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Cunwei Cao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Mao M, Cao X, Liang Y, Li Q, Chen S, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Guo Y. Neuroprotection of rhubarb extract against cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury via the gut-brain axis pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155254. [PMID: 38342016 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a central role in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Rhubarb, known for its purgative properties, has demonstrated protective effects against CIRI. However, it remains unclear whether this protective effect is achieved through the regulation of the GBA. AIM This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which rhubarb extract improves CIRI by modulating the GBA pathway. METHODS We identified the active components of rhubarb extract using LC-MS/MS. The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established to evaluate the effect of rhubarb extract. We conducted 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to analyze intestinal contents. Additionally, we employed HE staining, TUNEL staining, western blot, and ELISA to assess intestinal barrier integrity. We measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum via ELISA. We also examined blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity using Evans blue (EB) penetration, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blot, and ELISA. Neurological function scores and TTC staining were utilized to evaluate neurological outcomes. RESULTS We identified twenty-six active components in rhubarb. Rhubarb extract enhanced α-diversity, reduced the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, and partially rectified metabolic disorders in CIRI rats. It also ameliorated pathological changes, increased the expressions of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin 1 in the colon, and reduced levels of LPS and d-lac in serum. Furthermore, it lowered the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF-α in serum. Rhubarb extract mitigated BBB dysfunction, as evidenced by reduced EB penetration and improved hippocampal microstructure. It upregulated the expressions of ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin 1, while downregulating the expressions of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. Similarly, rhubarb extract decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hippocampus. Ultimately, it reduced neurological function scores and cerebral infarct volume. CONCLUSION Rhubarb effectively treats CIRI, potentially by inhibiting harmful bacteria, correcting metabolic disorders, repairing intestinal barrier function, alleviating BBB dysfunction, and ultimately improving neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiang Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Xingqin Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Yuhua Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Qiuying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Simiao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Liping Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
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Cho YT, Lee CH, Lee JY, Chu CY. Targeting antibody-mediated complement-independent mechanism in bullous pemphigoid with diacerein. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 114:44-51. [PMID: 38508975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an antibody-mediated blistering disease predominantly affecting the elderly. The pathogenesis involves both complement-dependent and complement-independent mechanisms. The therapeutic potential of targeting complement-independent mechanism has not yet been determined. The mainstay of treatment, corticosteroid, has many side effects, indicating the needs of better treatments. OBJECTIVE We tempted to establish an in vitro model of BP which resembles complement-independent mechanism and to examine the therapeutic potential of a novel anti-inflammatory agent, diacerein. METHODS Cultured HaCaT cells were treated with purified antibodies from BP patients, with or without diacerein to measure the cell interface presence of BP180, protein kinase C, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. An open-label, randomized, phase 2 trial was conducted to compare topical diacerein and clobetasol ointments in patients with mild-to-moderate BP (NCT03286582). RESULTS The reduced presentation of BP180 at cell interface after treating with BP autoantibodies was noticed in immunofluorescence and western blotting studies. The phenomenon was restored by diacerein. Diacerein also reduced the autoantibody-induced increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Reciprocal changes of BP180 and protein kinase C at the cell interface were found after treating with BP autoantibodies. This phenomenon was also reversed by diacerein in a dose-dependent manner. The phase 2 trial showed that topical diacerein reduced the clinical symptoms which were comparable to those of topical clobetasol. CONCLUSION Diacerein inhibited BP autoantibody-induced reduction of BP180 and production of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and showed therapeutic potential in patients with BP. It is a novel drug worthy of further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tsu Cho
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Yu Chu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Liu Q, Li L, Zheng D, Jin S, Guan X, Fu Z, Xiong Z, Ding H. Mechanism of ShuiJingDan in Treating Acute Gouty Arthritis Flares Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3493-3505. [PMID: 38034481 PMCID: PMC10683514 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s436360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study examined the underlying mechanisms of SJD's anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on acute GA flares. Methods This study used pharmacology network and molecular docking methods. The active ingredients of ShuiJingDan (SJD) were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the relevant targets of GA were obtained from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The core drug group-target-disease Venn diagram was formed by crossing the active ingredients of SJD and the relevant targets. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was conducted for functional annotation, DAVID was used for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, and R was used to find the core targets. The accuracy of SJD network pharmacology analysis in GA treatment was verified by molecular docking simulations. Finally, a rat GA model was used to further verify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of SJD in the treatment of GA. Results SJD mainly acted on target genes including IL1B, PTGS2, CXCL8, EGF, and JUN, as well as signal pathways including NF-κB, Toll-like receptor (TLR), IL-17, and MAPK. The rat experiments showed that SJD could significantly relieve ankle swelling, reduce the local skin temperature, and increased the paw withdrawal threshold. SJD could also reduce synovial inflammation, reduced the concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8, and COX-2 in the synovial fluid, and suppressed the expression of IL1B, CXCL8, and PTGS2 mRNA in the synovial tissue. Conclusion SJD has a good anti-inflammatory effect to treat GA attacks, by acting on target genes such as IL-1β, PTGS2, and CXCL8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Liu
- Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lunyu Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songlin Jin
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Guan
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeting Fu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Xiong
- Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haili Ding
- Insititute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Xia W, Li S, Li L, Zhang S, Wang X, Ding W, Ding L, Zhang X, Wang Z. Role of anthraquinones in combating insulin resistance. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1275430. [PMID: 38053837 PMCID: PMC10694622 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1275430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance presents a formidable public health challenge that is intricately linked to the onset and progression of various chronic ailments, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Effectively addressing insulin resistance is paramount in preventing and managing these metabolic disorders. Natural herbal remedies show promise in combating insulin resistance, with anthraquinone extracts garnering attention for their role in enhancing insulin sensitivity and treating diabetes. Anthraquinones are believed to ameliorate insulin resistance through diverse pathways, encompassing activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, restoration of insulin signal transduction, attenuation of inflammatory pathways, and modulation of gut microbiota. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate the potential anthraquinone compounds that exert beneficial effects on insulin resistance, elucidating the underlying mechanisms responsible for their therapeutic impact. The evidence discussed in this review points toward the potential utilization of anthraquinones as a promising therapeutic strategy to combat insulin resistance and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanru Xia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuqian Li
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - LinZehao Li
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenyu Ding
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Ding
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiandang Zhang
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Lan Y, Zheng YK, Wu LY, Zhou ZJ, Guan RX, Xu H, Tu JY, Gu X, Wang R, Jiang N, Wu Y, Shu CR, Zhou ZS. Polygonum Cuspidatum Alcohol Extract Exerts Analgesic Effects via the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3151-3167. [PMID: 37876500 PMCID: PMC10591627 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s420002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Traditional Chinese medicine Polygonum cuspidatum (PC) has significant effects on reducing pain. In this study, we investigated the analgesic effects of the alcohol extract of PC on three types of inflammatory pain and explored its mechanism. Methods Potential targets for the analgesic effects of the main active components of PC alcohol extract were screened by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Three different inflammatory pain mouse models (acetic acid twisting, formalin foot swelling, and xylene ear swelling) were used to study the analgesic effects of PC. The expression of latent signaling pathways in L4-6 spinal cord tissues in formalin foot swelling mice was evaluated using real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. Results Network pharmacology analysis shows that PC analgesic mechanism is related to the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. The five main active components of PC have good docking ability with JNK and p38. PC alcohol extract significantly reduced the pain behavior and alleviated inflammatory reactions in three mouse models, inhibited the mRNA and protein phosphorylation levels of JNK, ERK, p38, and CREB in spinal cord tissues. Conclusion PC alcohol extract can inhibit inflammation and alleviate pain, which is related to its inhibition of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in spinal cord. Thus, PC alcohol extract is a promising candidate for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Kun Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu-Yi Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jun Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Xin Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yuan Tu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ren Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Shi Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Wu L, Wang X, Jiang J, Chen Y, Peng B, Jin W. Mechanism of rhubarb in the treatment of hyperlipidemia: A recent review. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230812. [PMID: 37808167 PMCID: PMC10552914 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder, which is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Although lipid-lowering treatments have been extensively studied, safer treatments with fewer adverse effects are needed. Rhubarb is a traditional Chinese medicine that has lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Disturbance in lipid metabolism is the basis of tissue damage caused by hyperlipidemia and plays a key role in the development of hyperlipidemia; however, the molecular mechanisms by which rhubarb regulates lipid metabolism to lower lipid levels are yet to be elucidated. We conducted this study to summarize the phytochemical constituents of Rheum officinale and provide a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of lipid metabolism during hyperlipidemia treatment. It was found that rhubarb extracts, including emodin, rhubarb acid, and rhubarb phenol, regulate total cholesterol, triglyceride, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels through signaling pathways such as C/EBP α, 3T3-L1, PPAR α, and AMPK, thereby improving the hyperlipidemic state. This suggests that rhubarb is a natural drug with lipid-lowering potential, and an in-depth exploration of its lipid-lowering mechanism can provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Clinical Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangjin Wang
- College of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jihang Jiang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Clinical Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Respiratory Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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11
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Cores Á, Carmona-Zafra N, Clerigué J, Villacampa M, Menéndez JC. Quinones as Neuroprotective Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1464. [PMID: 37508002 PMCID: PMC10376830 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinones can in principle be viewed as a double-edged sword in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, since they are often cytoprotective but can also be cytotoxic due to covalent and redox modification of biomolecules. Nevertheless, low doses of moderately electrophilic quinones are generally cytoprotective, mainly due to their ability to activate the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and thus induce the expression of detoxifying enzymes. Some natural quinones have relevant roles in important physiological processes. One of them is coenzyme Q10, which takes part in the oxidative phosphorylation processes involved in cell energy production, as a proton and electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and shows neuroprotective effects relevant to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Additional neuroprotective quinones that can be regarded as coenzyme Q10 analogues are idobenone, mitoquinone and plastoquinone. Other endogenous quinones with neuroprotective activities include tocopherol-derived quinones, most notably vatiquinone, and vitamin K. A final group of non-endogenous quinones with neuroprotective activity is discussed, comprising embelin, APX-3330, cannabinoid-derived quinones, asterriquinones and other indolylquinones, pyrroloquinolinequinone and its analogues, geldanamycin and its analogues, rifampicin quinone, memoquin and a number of hybrid structures combining quinones with amino acids, cholinesterase inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Cores
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Carmona-Zafra
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Clerigué
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Villacampa
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Zaninelli TH, Martelossi-Cebinelli G, Saraiva-Santos T, Borghi SM, Fattori V, Casagrande R, Verri WA. New drug targets for the treatment of gout arthritis: what's new? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:679-703. [PMID: 37651647 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2247559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gout arthritis (GA) is an intermittent inflammatory disease affecting approximately 10% of the worldwide population. Symptomatic phases (acute flares) are timely spaced by asymptomatic periods. During an acute attack, redness, joint swelling, limited movement, and excruciating pain are common symptoms. However, the current available therapies are not fully effective in reducing symptoms and offer numerous side effects. Therefore, unveiling new drug targets and effector molecules are required in developing novel GA therapeutics. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms of GA and explores potential pharmacological targets to ameliorate disease outcome. In addition, we listed promising pre-clinical studies demonstrating effector molecules with therapeutical potential. Among those, we emphasized the importance of natural products, including traditional Chinese medicine formulas and their multitarget mechanisms of action. EXPERT OPINION In our search, we observed that there is a massive gap between pre-clinical and clinical knowledge. Only a minority (4.4%) of clinical trials aimed to intervene by applying natural products or current hot targets described herein. In this sense, we envisage four possibilities for GA therapeutics, which include the repurposing of existing therapies, ALX/FPR2 agonism for improvement in disease outcome, the use of multitarget drugs (e.g. natural products), and targeting the neuroinflammatory component of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago H Zaninelli
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Geovana Martelossi-Cebinelli
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Telma Saraiva-Santos
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Borghi
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Karp Research Building, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Laboratory of Antioxidants and Inflammation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Health Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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13
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Li X, Xiao C, Yuan J, Chen X, Li Q, Shen F. Rhein-attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury via targeting NFATc1/Trem2 axis. Inflamm Res 2023:10.1007/s00011-023-01746-8. [PMID: 37212865 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence indicated that the early stage transition of macrophages' polarization stages yielded a superior prognosis for acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Rhein (cassic acid) is one major component of many traditional Chinese medicines, and has been reported to perform with strong anti-inflammation capabilities. However, the role rhein played and the mechanism via which it did so in LPS-induced ALI/ARDS remain unclear. METHODS ALI/ARDS was induced by LPS (3 mg/kg, i.n, st), accompanied by the applications of rhein (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p, qd), and a vehicle or NFATc1 inhibitor (10 mg/kg, i.p, qd) in vivo. Mice were sacrificed 48 h after modeling. Lung injury parameters, epithelial cell apoptosis, macrophage polarization, and oxidative stress were examined. In vitro, conditioned medium from alveolar epithelial cells stimulated by LPS was used for culturing a RAW264.7 cell line, along with rhein administrations (5 and 25 μM). RNA sequencing, molecule docking, biotin pull-down, ChIP-qPCR, and dual luciferase assay were performed to clarify the mechanisms of rhein in this pathological process. RESULTS Rhein significantly attenuated tissue inflammation and promoted macrophage M2 polarization transition in LPS-induced ALI/ARDS. In vitro, rhein alleviated the intracellular ROS level, the activation of P65, and thus the M1 polarization of macrophages. In terms of mechanism, rhein played its protective roles via targeting the NFATc1/Trem2 axis, whose function was significantly mitigated in both Trem2 and NFATc1 blocking experiments. CONCLUSION Rhein promoted macrophage M2 polarization transition by targeting the NFATc1/Trem2 axis to regulate inflammation response and prognosis after ALI/ARDS, which shed more light on possibilities for the clinical treatments of this pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Chuan Xiao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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14
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Liu YR, Wang JQ, Li J. Role of NLRP3 in the pathogenesis and treatment of gout arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1137822. [PMID: 37051231 PMCID: PMC10083392 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout arthritis (GA) is a common and curable type of inflammatory arthritis that has been attributed to a combination of genetic, environmental and metabolic factors. Chronic deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in articular and periarticular spaces as well as subsequent activation of innate immune system in the condition of persistent hyperuricemia are the core mechanisms of GA. As is well known, drugs for GA therapy primarily consists of rapidly acting anti-inflammatory agents and life-long uric acid lowering agents, and their therapeutic outcomes are far from satisfactory. Although MSU crystals in articular cartilage detected by arthrosonography or in synovial fluid found by polarization microscopy are conclusive proofs for GA, the exact molecular mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the course of GA still remains mysterious, severely restricting the early diagnosis and therapy of GA. On the one hand, the activation of Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome requires nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent transcriptional enhancement of NLRP3, precursor (pro)-caspase-1 and pro-IL-1β, as well as the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome complex and sustained release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1. On the other hand, NLRP3 inflammasome activated by MSU crystals is particularly relevant to the initiation and progression of GA, and thus may represent a prospective diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. As a result, pharmacological inhibition of the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome may also be a promising avenue for GA therapy. Herein, we first introduced the functional role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and relevant biological mechanisms in GA based on currently available evidence. Then, we systematically reviewed therapeutic strategies for targeting NLRP3 by potentially effective agents such as natural products, novel compounds and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the treatment of MSU-induced GA mouse models. In conclusion, our present review may have significant implications for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ru Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-ru Liu, ; Jun Li,
| | - Jie-quan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
- Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-ru Liu, ; Jun Li,
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15
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Li Y, Jiang Q. Uncoupled pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion downstream of inflammasome signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128358. [PMID: 37090724 PMCID: PMC10117957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are supramolecular platforms that organize in response to various damage-associated molecular patterns and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Upon activation, inflammasome sensors (with or without the help of ASC) activate caspase-1 and other inflammatory caspases that cleave gasdermin D and pro-IL-1β/pro-IL-18, leading to pyroptosis and mature cytokine secretion. Pyroptosis enables intracellular pathogen niche disruption and intracellular content release at the cost of cell death, inducing pro-inflammatory responses in the neighboring cells. IL-1β is a potent pro-inflammatory regulator for neutrophil recruitment, macrophage activation, and T-cell expansion. Thus, pyroptosis and cytokine secretion are the two main mechanisms that occur downstream of inflammasome signaling; they maintain homeostasis, drive the innate immune response, and shape adaptive immunity. This review aims to discuss the possible mechanisms, timing, consequences, and significance of the two uncoupling preferences downstream of inflammasome signaling. While pyroptosis and cytokine secretion may be usually coupled, pyroptosis-predominant and cytokine-predominant uncoupling are also observed in a stimulus-, cell type-, or context-dependent manner, contributing to the pathogenesis and development of numerous pathological conditions such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, LPS-induced sepsis, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Hyperactive cells consistently release IL-1β without LDH leakage and pyroptotic death, thereby leading to prolonged inflammation, expanding the lifespans of pyroptosis-resistant neutrophils, and hyperactivating stimuli-challenged macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, and specific nonimmune cells. Death inflammasome activation also induces GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis with no IL-1β secretion, which may increase lethality in vivo. The sublytic GSDMD pore formation associated with lower expressions of pyroptotic components, GSDMD-mediated extracellular vesicles, or other GSDMD-independent pathways that involve unconventional secretion could contribute to the cytokine-predominant uncoupling; the regulation of caspase-1 dynamics, which may generate various active species with different activities in terms of GSDMD or pro-IL-1β, could lead to pyroptosis-predominant uncoupling. These uncoupling preferences enable precise reactions to different stimuli of different intensities under specific conditions at the single-cell level, promoting cooperative cell and host fate decisions and participating in the pathogen "game". Appropriate decisions in terms of coupling and uncoupling are required to heal tissues and eliminate threats, and further studies exploring the inflammasome tilt toward pyroptosis or cytokine secretion may be helpful.
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16
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Hu QY, Hu J, Li H, Fang X, Sun ZJ, Xu Z, Zhang L. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of rhein loaded nanomicelles in periodontitis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Guo MX, Zhang MM, Yang HY, Zhang CL, Cheng HY, Li NZ, Yi LT, Zhu JX. Lagotis brachystachya maxim attenuates chronic alcoholic liver injury combined with gouty arthritis in rats via its anti-inflammatory activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:995777. [PMID: 36176434 PMCID: PMC9513826 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.995777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lagotis brachystachya Maxim, a common herb in Tibetan medicine, is mainly used to treat pneumonia, hepatitis, yellow water disease (gouty arthritis). Since long-term heavy drinking is also a risk factor for gouty arthritis, the present study aimed to evaluate the underlying protective role and mechanism of extracts of Lagotis brachystachya (ELB) in chronic alcoholic liver injury combined with gouty arthritis. The rat chronic alcoholic liver injury combined with gouty arthritis model was established by long-term alcohol consumption and monosodium urate (MSU) injection. The therapeutical action of ELB was then evaluated by biochemical measurement, histopathological examination, ankle swelling assessment, and protein detection. According to biochemical measurements and histopathological evaluation, ELB could alleviate the symptoms of alcoholic liver injury combined with gouty arthritis. In addition, chronic alcohol consumption and MSU activated inflammatory-related signaling such as TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, NLRP3, and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in the liver and synovial tissues, while ELB significantly inhibited the activation of the inflammatory signaling pathway. In conclusion, ELB is protective in rats with chronic alcoholic liver injury and gouty arthritis, possibly mediated by the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, NLRP3, and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathways in both the hepatic and synovial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Xia Guo
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Man-Man Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hai-Yan Yang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Chu-Ling Zhang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong-Yu Cheng
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Na-Zhi Li
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ji-Xiao Zhu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Xiao Zhu,
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18
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Trybus W, Król T, Trybus E. Rhein induces changes in the lysosomal compartment of HeLa cells. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1506-1524. [PMID: 35901236 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rhein is an anthraquinone found in Rheum palmatum, used in Chinese medicine. Due to potential anticancer properties, the study assessed its effect on the lysosomal compartment, which indirectly influences cell death. The experiment was performed on HeLa cells by treating them with rhein at concentrations of 100-300 µM. LC3-II protein and caspase 3/7 activity, level of apoptosis, the concentration of reactive oxide species (ROS), and mitochondrial potential (Δψm) were evaluated by the cytometric method. To evaluate the permeability of the lysosomal membrane (LMP), staining with acridine orange and the assessment of activity of cathepsin D and L in the lysosomal and extralysosomal fractions were used. Cell viability was assessed by -(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays. Changes in cells were also demonstrated at the level of electron, optical, confocal, and fluorescence microscopy. Inhibition of autophagy was done using chloroquine. Rhein-induced degradation processes were confirmed by an increase in the number of primary lysosomes, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes. At high concentrations, rhein caused the generation of ROS, which induced LMP expressed by quenching of acridine orange fluorescence. These results correlated with a reduction of lysosomes, as visualized in graphical modeling, with the decreased uptake of NR by lysosomes, and increased activity of cathepsin D and L in the extralysosomal fraction. The studies also showed an increase in the activity of caspase 3/7 and a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 protein, indicative of rhein-stimulated apoptosis. At the same time, we demonstrated that preincubation of cells with chloroquine inhibited rhein-induced autophagy and contributed to increased cytotoxicity to HeLa cells. Rhein also induced DNA damage and led to cycle arrest in the S phase. Our results indicate that rhein, by inducing changes in the lysosomal compartment, indirectly affects apoptosis of HeLa cells and in combination with autophagy inhibitors may be an effective form of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Trybus
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Teodora Król
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Ewa Trybus
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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19
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Wu C, Bian Y, Lu B, Wang D, Azami NLB, Wei G, Ma F, Sun M. Rhubarb free anthraquinones improved mice nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. J Transl Med 2022; 20:294. [PMID: 35765026 PMCID: PMC9238089 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases and has become a huge public health issue worldwide. Inhibition of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a potential therapeutic strategy for NAFLD. Currently, there are no drugs targeting NLRP3 inflammasome for clinical treatment of NAFLD. In this study, we explored the efficacy and mechanism of rhubarb free anthraquinones (RFAs) in treating NAFLD by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Methods First, NLRP3 inflammasome was established in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), Kuffer cells and primary hepatocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammasome inducers to evaluate the effect of RFAs on inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and explore the possible mechanism. Further, Mice NAFLD were established by methionine and choline deficiency diet (MCD) to verify the effect of RFAs on ameliorating NAFLD by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Results Our results demonstrated that RFAs including rhein/diacerein, emodin, aloe emodin and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone inhibited interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) but had no effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Similar results were also showed in mouse primary hepatocytes and Kuffer cells. RFAs inhibited cleavage of caspase-1, formation of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck, and the combination between NLRP3 and ASC. Moreover, RFAs improved liver function, serum inflammation, histopathological inflammation score and liver fibrosis. Conclusions RFAs including rhein/diacerein, emodin, aloe emodin and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone ameliorated NAFLD by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. RFAs might be a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03495-4. Diacerein/rhein as NLRP3 blockers used in treating osteoarthritis clinically. RFAs including rhein/diacerein are main components of Rhubarb contained in yinchenhao decoction. RFAs inhibited the transcription and assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome. RFAs, Rhubarb and yinchenhao decoction improved NAFLD probably by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. RFAs are the potential NLRP3 inflammasome blockers for treating NAFLD clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanqin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nisma Lena Bahaji Azami
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ma
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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20
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Effects of Anthraquinones on Immune Responses and Inflammatory Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123831. [PMID: 35744949 PMCID: PMC9230691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The anthraquinones (AQs) and derivatives are widely distributed in nature, including plants, fungi, and insects, with effects of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation, antibacterial and antiviral, anti-osteoporosis, anti-tumor, etc. Inflammation, including acute and chronic, is a comprehensive response to foreign pathogens under a variety of physiological and pathological processes. AQs could attenuate symptoms and tissue damages through anti-inflammatory or immuno-modulatory effects. The review aims to provide a scientific summary of AQs on immune responses under different pathological conditions, such as digestive diseases, respiratory diseases, central nervous system diseases, etc. It is hoped that the present paper will provide ideas for future studies of the immuno-regulatory effect of AQs and the therapeutic potential for drug development and clinical use of AQs and derivatives.
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21
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Zhao J, Wei K, Jiang P, Chang C, Xu L, Xu L, Shi Y, Guo S, Xue Y, He D. Inflammatory Response to Regulated Cell Death in Gout and Its Functional Implications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888306. [PMID: 35464445 PMCID: PMC9020265 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout, a chronic inflammatory arthritis disease, is characterized by hyperuricemia and caused by interactions between genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic factors. Acute gout symptoms are triggered by the inflammatory response to monosodium urate crystals, which is mediated by the innate immune system and immune cells (e.g., macrophages and neutrophils), the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine (e.g., IL-1β) release. Recent studies have indicated that the multiple programmed cell death pathways involved in the inflammatory response include pyroptosis, NETosis, necroptosis, and apoptosis, which initiate inflammatory reactions. In this review, we explore the correlation and interactions among these factors and their roles in the pathogenesis of gout to provide future research directions and possibilities for identifying potential novel therapeutic targets and enhancing our understanding of gout pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cen Chang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxia Xu
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linshuai Xu
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Shi
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyi He
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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22
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:919-929. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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23
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A systematic comparison of the effect of topically applied anthraquinone aglycones to relieve psoriasiform lesion: The evaluation of percutaneous absorption and anti-inflammatory potency. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112482. [PMID: 34915669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The anthraquinones derived from rhubarb are reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. The present study aimed to assess the topical application of rhubarb anthraquinone aglycones for psoriasis treatment. The antipsoriatic effect of five anthraquinones, including aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, physcion, and chrysophanol, was compared to elucidate a structure-permeation relationship. Molecular modeling was employed to determine the physicochemical properties. Both macrophages (differentiated THP-1) and keratinocytes (HaCaT) were used to examine the anti-inflammatory activity in the cell-based study. The in vitro pig skin absorption showed that chrysophanol was the compound with the highest cutaneous accumulation. Topically applied rhein was detected to be largely delivered to the receptor compartment. The absorption of rhein was increased by 5-fold in the barrier-deficient skin as compared to intact skin. By stimulating macrophages with imiquimod (IMQ) to model the inflammation in psoriasis, it was found that the anthraquinones significantly reduced IL-6, IL-23, and TNF. The cytokine inhibition level was comparable for the five compounds. The anthraquinones suppressed cytokines by inhibiting the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling. The anthraquinones also downregulated IL-6, IL-8, and IL-24 in the inflammatory keratinocytes stimulated with TNF. Rhein and chrysophanol were comparable to curtail the STAT3 phosphorylation in keratinocytes induced by the conditioned medium of stimulated macrophages. The IMQ-induced psoriasiform mouse model demonstrated the improvement of scaling, erythema, and epidermal hyperplasia by topically applied rhein or chrysophanol. The epidermal acanthosis evoked by IMQ was reduced with rhein and chrysophanol by 3-fold. The histological profiles exhibit that both anthraquinone compounds diminished the number of macrophages and neutrophils in the lesional skin, skin-draining lymph node, and spleen. Rhein and chrysophanol showed multifunctional inhibition, by regulating several targets for alleviating psoriasiform inflammation.
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24
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Zhou Y, Gao C, Vong CT, Tao H, Li H, Wang S, Wang Y. Rhein regulates redox-mediated Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in intestinal inflammation through macrophage-activated crosstalk. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1978-1997. [PMID: 34882785 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Macrophage infiltration and activation is a critical step during acute colitis. Redox-mediated Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in macrophages plays a critical role in mediating colonic inflammatory responses. Rhein isolated from the rhizome of rhubarb exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in various diseases. However, its role in regulating acute colonic inflammation is unexplored. This study was designed to investigate the protective mechanisms of rhein during acute gut inflammation and its regulation in macrophage activation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The inhibitory effect of rhein on Nlrp3 inflammasome was evaluated in activated macrophages and colitic mice. The expressions of inflammatory mediators, inflammasome complex and redox-related signaling were analyzed by ELISA kits, western blots, immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR. Besides, the phenotype of macrophages was also assessed by flow cytometry. Colonic inflammation was evaluated by histological analysis. KEY RESULTS Rhein significantly decreased IL-1β secretion via Nlrp3 inflammasome by disturbing its complex assembly in macrophages. Rhein also activated Nrf2-HO1-NQO1 pathway, inhibited Nox2 subunits expression and translocation to regulate redox balance. Moreover, rhein attenuated inflammatory responses by mediating macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype. NF-κB, AP-1 and MAPK signalings were also involved in improving inflammatory conditions by rhein. In mice with acute intestinal inflammation, rhein treatment attenuated clinical features, reduced macrophage infiltration into the damaged lesions to alleviate colonic inflammation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Rhein regulated redox-mediated Nlrp3 inflammasome activation to protect against acute colitis, by interfering with macrophage accumulation and polarization. These findings provide a promising strategy of novel compounds for regulating mucosal inflammation in gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hongxun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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25
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Fang JY, Huang TH, Chen WJ, Aljuffali IA, Hsu CY. Rhubarb hydroxyanthraquinones act as antiobesity agents to inhibit adipogenesis and enhance lipolysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112497. [PMID: 34891117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb as an herbal medicine has been shown to exhibit antiadipogenic activity. This study evaluated and compared the lipid-lowering activity of five rhubarb hydroxyanthraquinones (HAQs), including chrysophanol, aloe emodin, emodin, physcion, and rhein, aiming to identify candidate compounds for obesity treatment. Examination of the antiobesity effects of HAQs in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats showed that these anthraquinone compounds inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells before and after differentiation. Emodin and rhein showed greater inhibition than the other compounds; dosage at 50 μM reduced intracellular triglyceride (TG) by about 30% in the differentiated adipocytes. Both compounds also revealed lipolytic effects to increase glycerol release from adipocytes. Adipokine overexpression induced by differentiation was downregulated by emodin and rhein through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Despite their structural similarity, emodin and rhein exhibited different mechanisms on adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. Rhein restrained lipid deposition by controlling adipogenic transcriptional factors and lipolytic lipases during differentiation. The lipid-lowering effects of emodin did not use these pathways but reduced levels of lipogenic enzymes. HFD consumption in rats significantly increased body weight, visceral fat mass and adipocyte size, which were attenuated by intraperitoneal delivery of emodin or rhein. Rhein showed greater amelioration of obesity than emodin, decreasing plasma cholesterol by 29% and 14%, respectively. HAQs also suppressed cytokine upregulation in the liver and adipose tissues of obese rats. Rhein is a potential antiobesity agent through its ability to regulate obesity-associated adipogenesis, lipolysis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jhang Chen
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ibrahim A Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, SaudiArabia
| | - Ching-Yun Hsu
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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26
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Liang H, Deng P, Ma YF, Wu Y, Ma ZH, Zhang W, Wu JD, Qi YZ, Pan XY, Huang FS, Lv SY, Han JL, Dai WD, Chen Z. Advances in Experimental and Clinical Research of the Gouty Arthritis Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8698232. [PMID: 34721646 PMCID: PMC8550850 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8698232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gouty arthritis (GA) is a multifactorial disease whose pathogenesis is utterly complex, and the current clinical treatment methods cannot wholly prevent GA development. Western medicine is the primary treatment strategy for gouty arthritis, but it owns an unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of GA are essential. In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been adopted for GA prevention and treatment for thousands of years. Gout patients are usually treated with TCM according to their different conditions, and long-term results can be achieved by improving their physical condition. And TCM has been proved to be an effective method to treat gout in modern China. Nevertheless, the pharmacological mechanism of TCM for gout is still unclear, which limits its spread. The theory of prevention and treatment of gout with TCM is more well acknowledged in China than in abroad. In this article, Chinese herbs and ancient formula for gout were summarized first. A total of more than 570 studies published from 2004 to June 2021 in PubMed, Medline, CNKI, VIP, Web of Science databases and Chinese Pharmacopoeia and traditional Chinese books were searched; the current status of TCM in the treatment of GA was summarized from the following aspects: articular chondrocyte apoptosis inhibition, antioxidative stress response, inflammatory cytokine levels regulation, uric acid excretion promotion, immune function regulation, uric acid reduction, and intestinal flora improvement in subjects with gout. The literature review concluded that TCM has a specific curative effect on the prevention and treatment of GA, particularly when combined with modern medical approaches. However, lacking a uniform definition of GA syndrome differentiation and the support of evidence-based medicine in clinical practice have provoked considerable concern in previous studies, which needs to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liang
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pin Deng
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu-Feng Ma
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhan-Hua Ma
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun-De Wu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yin-Ze Qi
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xu-Yue Pan
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fa-Sen Huang
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Si-Yuan Lv
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing-Lu Han
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen-Da Dai
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhaojun Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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de Oliveira SA, Cerri PS, Sasso-Cerri E. Impaired macrophages and failure of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in rat testes with cytokines deficiency induced by diacerein. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:561-581. [PMID: 34515835 PMCID: PMC8436873 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of cytokines in testicular function under normal conditions has not been completely understood. Here, we evaluated testicular macrophages (TM), steroidogenesis by Leydig cells (LC) and seminiferous tubules integrity in cytokines-deficient rat testes induced by diacerein, an anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Male rats received daily 100 mg/kg of diacerein (DIAG; n = 8) or saline (CG; n = 8) for 30 days. Serum testosterone (T) levels were measured and the seminiferous tubule (ST) area, epithelial area (EA), frequency of damaged ST and number of Sertoli cells (SC) were evaluated. TUNEL method and immunoreactions for detection of pro-IL-1β, TNF-α, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), androgen receptor (AR) and scavenger receptor for hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes (CD163), a TM marker, were performed. Testicular AR, 17β-HSD and IL-1β levels were detected by Western blot. Data were submitted to Student t test (p ≤ 0.05). In DIAG, T and testicular AR, 17β-HSD and IL-1β levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The number of TUNEL-positive interstitial cells increased and LC showed weak StAR, 17β-HSD and AR immunoexpression in association with reduced IL-1β immunoexpression and number of CD163-positive TM in the interstitial tissue from diacerein-treated rats. Numerous damaged ST were found in DIAG, and reduction in the EA were associated with germ cells death. Moreover, the number of SC reduced and weak AR and TNF-α immunoexpression was observed in SC and germ cells, respectively. The cytokines deficiency induced by diacerein impairs TM, LC and spermatogenesis, and points to a role of IL-1β in steroidogenesis under normal conditions. In the ST, the weak AR and TNF-α immunoexpression in SC and germ cells, respectively, reinforces the idea that TNF-α plays a role in the SC androgenic control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP: 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Estela Sasso-Cerri
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP: 14801-903, Brazil.
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28
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Tong HL, Chen H, Gong FP, Zhong LY, Zhu J, Yang SH. Components and Pharmacodynamical Mechanism of Yinfupian Based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Analyses. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680640. [PMID: 34262452 PMCID: PMC8273442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: According to the treatment records of Yang deficiency syndrome (YDS) with characteristic decoction pieces of lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii—Yinfupian (YF) in traditional Chinese medicine prepare school, known as “Jianchangbang”. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the composition and therapeutic mechanism of the unprocessed lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii (ULRA) and its processed product (YF). Methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis method were used to determine and screen the main components of ULRA and YF. Changes in the histological structure and morphology of gonads in rats were observed using hematoxylin-eosin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the contents of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in YDS rats treated with ULRA and YF. Tandem mass tag proteomics analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins in YDS rats treated with ULRA and YF. Results: Both ULRA and YF exerted certain therapeutic effects on rats with YDS. They improved the gonadal morphology and increased the contents of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. After processing of ULRA into YF, the content of C19-diester-diterpenoid alkaloids decreased (converted into C19-monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and C19-alkylol amine-diterpenoid alkaloids), whereas that of C20-diterpene alkaloids increased. Proteomics analysis showed that cytochrome P450 and aldehyde oxidase 3 (AOX3) were downregulated, whereas cathepsin G (CTSG) was upregulated in rats with YDS. Treatment with ULRA mainly downregulated the expression of α-actinin, fast skeletal troponin, creatine kinase, and myosin. Treatment with YF mainly upregulated the expression of mitochondrial ribosomal protein and mitochondrial inner membrane protein. Conclusion: ULRA and YF exerted good therapeutic effects on YDS; the main difference in components between these preparations was in C19-diterpenoid alkaloids. ULRA mainly acts on the muscle contraction-related proteins and is closely related to inflammation and myocardial injury. YF mainly acts on the mitochondrial proteins and is closely related to adenosine triphosphate energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Li Tong
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei-Peng Gong
- Department of Orthopedic, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhong
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Song-Hong Yang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Yao W, Xu Z, Sun J, Luo J, Wei Y, Zou J. Deoxycholic acid-functionalised nanoparticles for oral delivery of rhein. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 159:105713. [PMID: 33453389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rhein (RH) is a candidate for the treatment of kidney diseases. However, clinical application of RH is impeded by low aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability. Deoxycholic acid-conjugated nanoparticles (DNPs) were prepared by ionic interaction for enhancing intestinal absorption by targeting the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in the small intestine. Resultant DNPs showed relatively high entrapment efficiency (90.7 ± 0.73)% and drug-loading efficiency (6.5 ± 0.29)% with a particle size of approximately 190 nm and good overall dispersibility. In vitro release of RH from DNPs exhibited sustained and pH-dependent profiles. Cellular uptake and apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of the DNPs were 3.25- and 5.05-fold higher than that of RH suspensions, respectively. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study demonstrated significantly enhanced oral bioavailability of RH when encapsulated in DNPs, with 2.40- and 3.33-fold higher Cmax and AUC0-inf compared to RH suspensions, respectively. DNPs are promising delivery platforms for poorly absorbed drugs by oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhishi Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwen Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinghui Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiafeng Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Cheng L, Chen Q, Pi R, Chen J. A research update on the therapeutic potential of rhein and its derivatives. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:173908. [PMID: 33515540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhein is one of the anthraquinones components of Rheum. It shows excellent clinical efficacy and is widely used in the management of several disease conditions including tumors, inflammation, diabetic nephropathy, and viral infections. In this review, we summarize the recent studies on the pharmacological activities of rhein and its derivatives, as well as their association with different diseases and possible mechanisms based on our previous review. This review serves as an updated and a supplement to our previous report highlighting the use of rhein in nanotechnology. It also serves as a reference study and offers an overall picture of the use of rhein and its derivatives in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiuhe Chen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingkao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Zhao W, Zhang X, Zhang R, Zhang K, Li Y, Xu FJ. Self-Assembled Herbal Medicine Encapsulated by an Oxidation-Sensitive Supramolecular Hydrogel for Chronic Wound Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56898-56907. [PMID: 33296174 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation has been assumed to affect the pathology of wound healing and is associated with many nonhealing chronic wounds. Naturally derived herbal medicines with anti-inflammatory properties are of interest because of their effectiveness and affordability in clinical treatment. Herein, we report a supramolecular hydrogel comprising self-assembled natural herb rhein and an oxidative responsive cross-linked network based on ferrocene and β-cyclodextrin host-guest recognitions. Rhein can directly self-assemble into fibrils, exerting better anti-inflammation efficiency than its free drug form. The adaption of the supramolecular network can greatly improve the stability and retain the structural integrity of encapsulated self-assembled rhein. In addition, host-guest recognition confers dissolution of the hydrogel under oxidative stress, thereby delivering self-assembled rhein to the wound site and exerting better therapeutic efficiency. Evaluations in diabetic mice indicate that the resultant hydrogel promoted chronic wound healing by suppressing excess reactive oxygen species, facilitating the transition of the wound healing process, and restoring the normal wound-repair process. Therefore, the proposed hydrogel has a potential value as an herbal-based dressing for future clinical chronic wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Wang H, Yang D, Li L, Yang S, Du G, Lu Y. Anti-inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms of Rhein, an Anthraquinone Compound, and Its Applications in Treating Arthritis: A Review. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:445-452. [PMID: 33128198 PMCID: PMC7648819 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a defensive response of living tissues to damaging agents, which exists in two forms, acute inflammation and chronic inflammation, and chronic inflammation is closely related to arthritis. Currently, the commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory medications are greatly limited by high incidence of gastrointestinal erosions in the clinical applications. Rhein, a bioactive constituent of anthraquinone, exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory activities and therapeutic effects on arthritis with less gastrointestinal damages. Although there are numbers of studies on anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of rhein in the last few decades, to the best of our knowledge, only a few review articles pay attention to the interactive relationships of rhein on multiple inflammatory signaling pathways and cellular processes from a comprehensive perspective. Herein, we summarized anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of rhein and its practical applications in the treatment of arthritis, thereby providing a reference for its basic researches and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, National Center for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shiying Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, National Center for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, National Center for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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de Oliveira PG, Termini L, Durigon EL, Lepique AP, Sposito AC, Boccardo E. Diacerein: A potential multi-target therapeutic drug for COVID-19. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:109920. [PMID: 32534337 PMCID: PMC7263256 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), was declared pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 binds its host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), through the viral spike (S) protein. The mortality related to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure in COVID-19 patients has been suggested to be connected with cytokine storm syndrome (CSS), an excessive immune response that severely damages healthy lung tissue. In addition, cardiac symptoms, including fulminant myocarditis, are frequent in patients in a severe state of illness. Diacerein (DAR) is an anthraquinone derivative drug whose active metabolite is rhein. Different studies have shown that this compound inhibits the IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α, NF-κB and NALP3 inflammasome pathways. The antiviral activity of rhein has also been documented. This metabolite prevents hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and influenza A virus (IAV) adsorption and replication through mechanisms involving regulation of oxidative stress and alterations of the TLR4, Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB signalling pathways. Importantly, rhein inhibits the interaction between the SARS-CoV S protein and ACE2 in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting rhein as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of SARS-CoV infection. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that DAR is a multi-target drug useful for COVID-19 treatment. This anthraquinone may control hyperinflammatory conditions by multi-faceted cytokine inhibition and by reducing viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil; Sport Traumatology Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences , São Paulo, SP 01221-020, Brazil.
| | - Lara Termini
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lepique
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Andrei C Sposito
- Laboratório de Biologia Vascular e Aterosclerose (Aterolab), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
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Inflammasome inhibition under physiological and pharmacological conditions. Genes Immun 2020; 21:211-223. [PMID: 32681062 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-0104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are key regulators of the host response against microbial pathogens, in addition to limiting aberrant responses to sterile insults, as mediated by environmental agents such as toxins or nanoparticles, and also by endogenous danger signals such as monosodium urate, ATP and amyloid-β. To date at least six different inflammasome signalling platforms have been reported (Bauernfeind & Hornung, EMBO Mol Med. 2013;5:814-26; Broz & Dixit, Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16:407). This review focuses on the complex molecular machinery involved in activation and regulation of the best characterised inflammasome, NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3), and the development of molecular agents to modulate NLRP3 inflammasome function. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome induces inflammation via secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) proinflammatory cytokines, with orchestration of pyroptotic cell death, to eliminate invading microbial pathogens. This field has gradually moved from an emphasis on monogenic autoinflammatory conditions, such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), to the broad spectrum of innate immune-mediated disease. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is also linked to a range of common disorders in humans including type 2 diabetes (Krainer et al., J Autoimmun. 2020:102421), cystic fibrosis (Scambler et al., eLife. 2019;8), myocardial infarction, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease (Savic et al., Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020:1-16) and cancers such as mesotheliomas and gliomas (Moossavi et al., Mol Cancer. 2018;17:158). We describe how laboratory-based assessment of NLRP3 inflammasome activation is emerging as an integral part of the clinical evaluation and treatment of a range of undifferentiated systemic autoinflammatory disorders (uSAID) (Harrison et al., JCI Insight. 2016;1), where a DNA-based diagnosis has not been possible. In addition, this review summarises the current literature on physiological inhibitors and features various pharmacological approaches that are currently being developed, with potential for clinical translation in autoinflammatory and immune-mediated conditions. We discuss the possibilities of rational drug design, based on detailed structural analyses, and some of the challenges in transferring exciting preliminary results from trials of small-molecule inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome, in animal models of disease, to the clinical situation in human pathology.
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Chen DB, Gao HW, Peng C, Pei SQ, Dai AR, Yu XT, Zhou P, Wang Y, Cai B. Quinones as preventive agents in Alzheimer's diseases: focus on NLRP3 inflammasomes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1481-1490. [PMID: 32667050 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a hidden neurological degenerative disease, which main clinical manifestations are cognitive dysfunction, memory impairment and mental disorders. Neuroinflammation is considered as a basic response of the central nervous system. NLRP3 (Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3) inflammasome is closely related to the occurrence of neuroinflammation. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in the release of cytokines, pore formation and ultimately pyroptosis, which has demonstrated one of the critical roles in AD pathogenesis. Inhibition of the activity of NLRP3 is one of the focuses of the research. Therefore, NLRP3 represents an attractive pharmacological target, and discovery compounds with good NLRP3 inhibitory activity are particularly important. KEY FINDINGS Quinones have good neuroprotective effects and prevent AD, which may be related to their regulation of inflammatory response. The molecular docking was used to explore 12 quinones with AD prevention and treatment and NLRP3. Docking results showed that the combination of anthraquinones and NLRP3 were the best, and the top two chemical compounds were Purpurin and Rhein, which are the most promising NLRP3 inhibitors. SUMMARY These quinones may provide the theoretical basis for finding lead compounds for novel neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Bao Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hua-Wu Gao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shao-Qiang Pei
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - An-Ran Dai
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xue-Ting Yu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Biao Cai
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
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Targeting foam cell formation and macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis: The Therapeutic potential of rhubarb. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110433. [PMID: 32768936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease associated with high morbidity and mortality, is characterized by the accumulation of foam cells in the arterial wall. It has long been acknowledged that the formation of foam cells is caused by excess lipid uptake and abnormal cholesterol metabolism function. And increasing evidence shows that inhibiting foam cell formation is a promising way to suppress the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In addition to excess foam cells accumulation, inflammation is another major contributor of atherosclerotic lesions. Recently, macrophage polarization has been demonstrated to play a vital role in the regulation of inflammatory response. Generally, macrophages mainly polarized into two phenotypes: either classically activated pro-inflammatory M1 or alternatively activated anti-inflammatory M2. And targeting macrophage polarization has been considered as a feasible approach to prevent the development of atherosclerosis. At present, the anti-atherosclerosis drugs mainly classified into two types: lipid-lowering drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs. A large part of those drugs belong to western medicine, and various side effects are unavoidable. Interestingly, in recent years, Traditional Chinese medicine has attracted growing attention because of its good efficacy and low negative effects. Rhubarb (called Da Huang in Chinese) is a famous folk medicine with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, such as lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we summarized current findings about the regulatory effects of Rhubarb on foam cell formation and macrophage polarization, with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action that have been revealed during the past two decades, to better understand its pivotal role in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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37
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Fouad AA, Abdel-Aziz AM, Hamouda AAH. Diacerein Downregulates NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β and IL-6/STAT3 Pathways of Inflammation and Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Cadmium Testicular Toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:499-505. [PMID: 31401744 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential gonadal protective effect of diacerein (DCN) and its underlying mechanisms were studied in a rat model of cadmium-induced testicular toxicity. The rats received DCN (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 10 days and one injection of CdCl2 (2 mg/kg, i.p.) on day 9. Cadmium significantly declined serum testosterone and significantly raised interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, caspase-1, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (pSTAT3), nuclear factor-κB p65, Bax, and caspase-3 in rat testes. DCN significantly ameliorated the changes in the biochemical measurements observed with CdCl2 insult. Additionally, DCN preserved the normal testicular architecture, maintained spermatogenesis, and lowered the expression of NOD-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in testes of rats that received CdCl2. It was concluded that DCN significantly protected the gonads of male rats exposed to cadmium toxicity through modulation of NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β and IL-6/STAT3 pathways of inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Fouad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Azza A H Hamouda
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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38
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Zhang H, Cai D, Bai X. Macrophages regulate the progression of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:555-561. [PMID: 31982565 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OA is now well accepted as a low-grade inflammatory disease affecting the whole joint. In addition to mechanical loading, inflammation (particularly synovitis), contributes significantly to OA. Synovial macrophages act as immune cells and are of critical importance in the symptomology and structural progression of OA. Activated macrophages are regulated by mTOR, NF-κB, JNK, PI3K/Akt and other signaling pathways, and are polarized into either M1 or M2 subtypes in OA synovial tissues, synovial fluid, and peripheral blood. The activation state and the M1/M2 ratio is highly associated with OA severity. Aside from autocrine interactions, paracrine interactions between macrophages and chondrocytes play a vital role in the initiation and development of OA by secreting inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which lead to subsequent cartilage degradation and destruction. Treatments targeting synovial macrophages relieve pain, and protect from synovitis, cartilage damage, and osteophyte formation during OA development. Macrophage reprogramming of transformation from the M1 to M2 subtype, more than a decrease in the quantity of activated macrophages, appears to be an effective treatment option for OA. This review provides a broad understanding of the contributions of polarized macrophages to joint health and disease. Multifunctional agents with immunomodulatory effects on macrophage reprogramming can skew the inflammatory microenvironment towards a pro-chondrogenic atmosphere, and are thus, potential therapeutic options for the treatment of OA and other immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - D Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - X Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, 510005, Guangzhou, China.
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Luo Y, Wang CZ, Hesse-Fong J, Lin JG, Yuan CS. Application of Chinese Medicine in Acute and Critical Medical Conditions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1223-1235. [PMID: 31505937 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Western medicine is routinely used in developed nations as well as in Eastern countries, where traditional medicine is frequently used by a selection of patients or family member as a complement to mainstream Western medicine. Chinese medicine plays an important role in the treatment of chronic diseases, especially when Western medicine is not very effective. Many published reports have shown that Chinese medicine could also be successfully used in the management of acute and critical illnesses. Chinese medicine has a holistic view of the human body, and emphasizes individualization based on body balance and mind-body interaction and employs herbal medicines and acupuncture. This review paper gives a brief overview of Chinese medicine theory and therapeutic modality and then addresses the application of Chinese medicine in the treatment of acute and critical medical conditions, including epidemics. Using this ancient therapy as a complementary medicine, the management of serious medical conditions, such as SARS, acute heart diseases, and ischemic cerebral stroke, are presented. In order to promote more widespread application of Chinese medicine, well-designed controlled clinical trials are urgently needed to prove its safety and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China.,Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.,Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.,Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Julia Hesse-Fong
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.,Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.,Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.,Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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40
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Wang M, Yang L, Yang J, Wang C. Shen Shuai IIRecipe attenuates renal injury and fibrosis in chronic kidney disease by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and Sirt1/Smad3 deacetylation pathway. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:107. [PMID: 31118021 PMCID: PMC6530021 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and down-regulation of Sirt1/Smad3 deacetylation pathway play a significant role in the evolution of renal fibrosis. In China, it has been well known that Chinese herbal medicine is markedly effective in treating chronic kidney disease (CKD). Shen Shuai IIRecipe (SSR) has been used clinically for more than 20 years and has been confirmed to be effective in improvements of renal function and fibrosis. However, the specific mechanisms under the efficacy require further research. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether SSR could alleviate renal injury and fibrosis by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and Sirt1/Smad3 deacetylation pathway. METHODS Four weeks after 5/6 ablation/infarction (A/I) surgery, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following groups: sham operation group, 5/6 (A/I) group, 5/6 (A/I) + SSR group, and 5/6 (A/I) + Losartan group (5/6 (A/I) + Los). After 8 weeks intervention,we mainly assessed the severity of renal injury and fibrosis along with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and Sirt1/Smad3 deacetylation pathway. RESULTS SSR significantly attenuated renal injury and fibrosis in the remnant kidneys. In addition, we found that SSR effectively inhibited activation of NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1/IL-1βcascade, decreased inflammatory infiltration and up-regulated Sirt1/Smad3 deacetylation pathway. CONCLUSIONS SSR could contribute to renal protection by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and, furthermore, strengthen the antifibrotic effects by up-regulating Sirt1/Smad3 deacetylation pathway in 5/6 renal (A/I) model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases,Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Liuyi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases,Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases,Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases,Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
- TCM institute of kidney disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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