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Yin J, Liu H, Chen Y, Zhou J, Liu Y, Liang Z, Zhu X, Liu H, Ding P, Liu E, Zhang Y, Wu S, Wang A. Development and application of a high-sensitivity immunochromatographic test strip for detecting pseudorabies virus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1399123. [PMID: 38765685 PMCID: PMC11099248 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1399123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pseudorabies (PR) is a multi-animal comorbid disease caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), which are naturally found in pigs. At the end of 2011, the emergence of PRV variant strains in many provinces in China had caused huge economic losses to pig farms. Rapid detection diagnosis of pigs infected with the PRV variant helps prevent outbreaks of PR. The immunochromatography test strip with colloidal gold nanoparticles is often used in clinical testing due to its low cost and high throughput. Methods This study was designed to produce monoclonal antibodies targeting PRV through immunization of mice using the eukaryotic system to express the gE glycoprotein. Subsequently, paired monoclonal antibodies were screened based on their sensitivity and specificity for use in the preparation of test strips. Results and discussion The strip prepared in this study was highly specific, only PRV was detected, and there was no cross-reactivity with glycoprotein gB, glycoprotein gC, glycoprotein gD, and glycoprotein gE of herpes simplex virus and varicellazoster virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, Senecavirus A, classical swine fever virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and porcine parvovirus. Moreover, it demonstrated high sensitivity with a detection limit of 1.336 × 103 copies/μL (the number of viral genome copies per microliter); the coincidence rate with the RT-PCR detection method was 96.4%. The strip developed by our laboratory provides an effective method for monitoring PRV infection and controlling of PR vaccine quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yin
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Basic Science, Zhengzhou University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingming Zhou
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yankai Liu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peiyang Ding
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Enping Liu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sixuan Wu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, China
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Krishnaswami V, Sugumaran A, Perumal V, Manavalan M, Kondeti DP, Basha SK, Ahmed MA, Kumar M, Vijayaraghavalu S. Nanoformulations - Insights Towards Characterization Techniques. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1330-1344. [PMID: 35996238 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220822094248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-loaded novel nanoformulations are gaining importance due to their versatile properties compared to conventional pharmaceutical formulations. Nanomaterials, apart from their multifactorial benefits, have a wider scope in the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of cancer. Understanding the chemistry of drug-loaded nano-formulations to elicit its behaviour both at molecular and systemic levels is critical in the present scenario. Drug-loaded nanoformulations are controlled by their size, shape, surface chemistry, and release behavior. The major pharmaceutical drug loaded nanocarriers reported for anticancer drug delivery for the treatment of various forms of cancers such as lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, etc include nanoparticles, nanospheres, nanodispersions, nanocapsules, nanomicelles, cubosomes, nanoemulsions, liposomes and niosomes. The major objectives in designing anticancer drug-loaded nanoformulations are to manage the particle size/morphology correlating with the drug release to fulfil the specific objectives. Hence, nano characterizations are very critical both at in vitro and in vivo levels. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this review paper is to summarise the major characterization techniques used for the characterization of drug-loaded nanoformulations. Even though information on characterization techniques of various nano-formulations is available in the literature, it is scattered. The proposed review will provide a comprehensive understanding of nanocharacterization techniques. CONCLUSION To conclude, the proposed review will provide insights towards the different nano characterization techniques along with their recent updates, such as particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release studies (chromatographic HPLC, HPTLC, and LC-MS/MS analysis), EPR analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis, rheometric, morphological analysis etc. Additionally, the challenges encountered by the nano characterization techniques will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateshwaran Krishnaswami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abimanyu Sugumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesan Perumal
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Murugan Manavalan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Noorul Islam Center for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durga Prasad Kondeti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayana College of Pharmacy, Nellore 524003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shaik Kamil Basha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayana College of Pharmacy, Nellore 524003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammed Akmal Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayana College of Pharmacy, Nellore 524003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Munish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
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Jindal S, Awasthi R, Goyal K, Kulkarni GT. Hydrogels for localized drug delivery: A special emphasis on dermatologic applications. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15830. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.15830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shammy Jindal
- Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog Jawalamukhi Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Health Sciences & Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, P.O. Bidholi, Via‐Prem Nagar Dehradun Uttarakhand India
| | - Kamya Goyal
- Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog Jawalamukhi Himachal Pradesh India
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Kaur R, Chandra J, Keshavkant S. Nanotechnology: an efficient approach for rejuvenation of aged seeds. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:399-415. [PMID: 33707877 PMCID: PMC7907290 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modern agricultural efforts are now in search of an efficient, eco-friendly and sustainable approach for enhanced crop production. Nearly 50-60% of seeds lost occurs due to improper technical handling. Seed deterioration manifests itself as reduction in the rate of germination and growth with increased susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, seed ageing is another economic and scientific issue that is associated with an array of internal (structural, physiological and genetic) and external (storage temperature and relative humidity) factors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to be a key player in ageing phenomenon. However, hydrated storage, or ROS blockers are a few of the conventionally used methods to minimize the ageing process. Recently, exogenous applications of different inorganic nanoparticles (metal and metal oxide) are suggested to revitalize and revive aged seeds. Owing to their special properties of nano-size with high surface area they easily penetrate the seed coat. Exposure of nanoparticles has been suggested to neutralize the excess of ROS to a level that initiates hormonal signaling to support early emergence of radicles from the seeds. Nanotechnology has been well explored to enhance the crops nutritional quality, livestock productivity, plant protection from various stressors and in enhancement of seed quality via nanopesticides and nanofertilizers. Aiming at sustainable agriculture practices with fewer inputs, maximum benefits, ecologically safe and compatible technique the nanotechnology is an efficient approach to counteract problems of seed ageing incurring during storage, which is relatively less explored and unresolved conventionally, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasleen Kaur
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492010 India
| | - Jipsi Chandra
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492010 India
| | - S. Keshavkant
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492010 India
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Koetz J. The Effect of Surface Modification of Gold Nanotriangles for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Performance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2187. [PMID: 33147806 PMCID: PMC7694140 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A surface modification of ultraflat gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) with different shaped nanoparticles is of special relevance for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and the photo-catalytic activity of plasmonic substrates. Therefore, different approaches are used to verify the flat platelet morphology of the AuNTs by oriented overgrowth with metal nanoparticles. The most important part for the morphological transformation of the AuNTs is the coating layer, containing surfactants or polymers. By using well established AuNTs stabilized by a dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) bilayer, different strategies of surface modification with noble metal nanoparticles are possible. On the one hand undulated superstructures were synthesized by in situ growth of hemispherical gold nanoparticles in the polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated AOT bilayer of the AuNTs. On the other hand spiked AuNTs were obtained by a direct reduction of Au3+ ions in the AOT double layer in presence of silver ions and ascorbic acid as reducing agent. Additionally, crumble topping of the smooth AuNTs can be realized after an exchange of the AOT bilayer by hyaluronic acid, followed by a silver-ion mediated reduction with ascorbic acid. Furthermore, a decoration with silver nanoparticles after coating the AOT bilayer with the cationic surfactant benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride (BDAC) can be realized. In that case the ultraviolet (UV)-absorption of the undulated Au@Ag nanoplatelets can be tuned depending on the degree of decoration with silver nanoparticles. Comparing the Raman scattering data for the plasmon driven dimerization of 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) to 4,4'-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) one can conclude that the most important effect of surface modification with a 75 times higher enhancement factor in SERS experiments becomes available by decoration with gold spikes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Koetz
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Haus 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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6
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Molecular aspect of phytofabrication of gold nanoparticle from Andrographis peniculata photosystem II and their in vivo biological effect on embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2018.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liebig F, Henning R, Sarhan RM, Prietzel C, Schmitt CNZ, Bargheer M, Koetz J. A simple one-step procedure to synthesise gold nanostars in concentrated aqueous surfactant solutions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23633-23641. [PMID: 35530609 PMCID: PMC9069482 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02384d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the enhanced electromagnetic field at the tips of metal nanoparticles, the spiked structure of gold nanostars (AuNSs) is promising for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Therefore, the challenge is the synthesis of well designed particles with sharp tips. The influence of different surfactants, i.e., dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride (BDAC), as well as the combination of surfactant mixtures on the formation of nanostars in the presence of Ag+ ions and ascorbic acid was investigated. By varying the amount of BDAC in mixed micelles the core/spike-shell morphology of the resulting AuNSs can be tuned from small cores to large ones with sharp and large spikes. The concomitant red-shift in the absorption toward the NIR region without losing the SERS enhancement enables their use for biological applications and for time-resolved spectroscopic studies of chemical reactions, which require a permanent supply with a fresh and homogeneous solution. HRTEM micrographs and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) experiments allow us to verify the mechanism of nanostar formation according to the silver underpotential deposition on the spike surface in combination with micelle adsorption. Due to the enhanced electromagnetic field at the tips of metal nanoparticles, the spiked structure of gold nanostars (AuNSs) is promising for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Liebig
- University of Potsdam
- Institute for Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Ricky Henning
- University of Potsdam
- Institute for Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Radwan M. Sarhan
- Institute for Physics
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
- Cairo University
- Chemistry Department
| | - Claudia Prietzel
- University of Potsdam
- Institute for Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | | | | | - Joachim Koetz
- University of Potsdam
- Institute for Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
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Verma SK, Jha E, Panda PK, Kumari P, Pramanik N, Kumari S, Thirumurugan A. Molecular investigation to RNA and protein based interaction induced in vivo biocompatibility of phytofabricated AuNP with embryonic zebrafish. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S671-S684. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1505746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K. Verma
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ealisha Jha
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Puja Kumari
- Advance Science & Technology Research Centre, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh, India
| | - Nandini Pramanik
- Advance Science & Technology Research Centre, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh, India
| | - Shalini Kumari
- Advance Science & Technology Research Centre, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh, India
| | - Arun Thirumurugan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, CHILE
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9
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Wang T, Yue W. Carbon Nanotubes Heavy Metal Detection with Stripping Voltammetry: A Review Paper. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172 United States
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172 United States
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Chai Q, Jiao Y, Yu X. Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: Their Characteristics and the Mechanisms behind Them. Gels 2017; 3:E6. [PMID: 30920503 PMCID: PMC6318667 DOI: 10.3390/gels3010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimensional networks that are able to absorb large quantities of water or biological fluids, and thus have the potential to be used as prime candidates for biosensors, drug delivery vectors, and carriers or matrices for cells in tissue engineering. In this critical review article, advantages of the hydrogels that overcome the limitations from other types of biomaterials will be discussed. Hydrogels, depending on their chemical composition, are responsive to various stimuli including heating, pH, light, and chemicals. Two swelling mechanisms will be discussed to give a detailed understanding of how the structure parameters affect swelling properties, followed by the gelation mechanism and mesh size calculation. Hydrogels prepared from natural materials such as polysaccharides and polypeptides, along with different types of synthetic hydrogels from the recent reported literature, will be discussed in detail. Finally, attention will be given to biomedical applications of different kinds of hydrogels including cell culture, self-healing, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Chai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Xinjun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
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Mahakham W, Theerakulpisut P, Maensiri S, Phumying S, Sarmah AK. Environmentally benign synthesis of phytochemicals-capped gold nanoparticles as nanopriming agent for promoting maize seed germination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:1089-1102. [PMID: 27639594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Application of nanotechnology in agriculture is moving towards to improve the cultivation and growth of crop plants. The present study is the first attempt to propose a simple, yet cost-effective and ecofriendly synthesis of phytochemicals-capped GNPs using rhizome extract of galanga plant at room temperature. The synthesized GNPs were characterized by various characterization techniques. To promote the green nanotechnology applications in agriculture, GNPs solution at environmentally realistic dose (5 to 15ppm) as nanopriming agent was used to activate the germination and early seedling growth of maize aged seeds. Priming with 5ppm GNPs showed the best effects on promoting emergence percentage (83%) compared to unprimed control (43%) and hydroprimed groups (56%). Seed priming at both 5 and 10ppm GNPs also enhanced seedling vigor index by 3 times over the control. Priming with GNPs at 10ppm was found to enhance the best physiological and biochemical properties of maize seedlings. Internalization studies by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) strongly supported that GNPs can internalize into seeds. However, ICP-OES analysis revealed that GNPs were not present in both shoot and root parts, suggesting that nanopriming approach minimizes the Au translocation from seeds into plant vegetative organs. Phytosynthesized GNPs were found to be less toxic than chemically synthesized GNPs. This is the first report showing phytochemicals-capped GNPs as a promising nanopriming agent for activating the germination of naturally aged seeds of crop plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuttipong Mahakham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Piyada Theerakulpisut
- Salt-tolerant Rice Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Santi Maensiri
- School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Santi Phumying
- School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Ajit K Sarmah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Liu F, Sun Y, Kang C, Zhu H. Pegylated Drug Delivery Systems: From Design to Biomedical Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984416420022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pegylation, as a simple procedure to attach hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) onto therapeutic molecule or drug carriers has been utilized widely to deliver small molecules, proteins and peptides. It was first reported in 1970s by Dr. Frank Davis of Rutgers University and Dr. Abuchowsky in the studies of PEG modified albumin and catalase. The significance of this method at that time was able to successfully modify the enzyme with better hydrophilicity but also keep the enzymatic activity. The employment of PEG has provided superior stability of drug delivery systems (DDS) and enhanced the circulation time in vivo. Simple conjugation of PEG chains with various molecular weights enables the possibility to regulate the properties of desired DDS and led to important contribution in targeting therapy and diagnosis. Pegylation has been reported to be able to protect peptides by shielding antigenic epitopes from reticuloendothelial (RES) clearance and avoid enzymes being recognized by immune system and avoid early degradation. In addition, utilization of PEG in DDS are reported with enhanced delivery efficiency, prolonged circulation time and improved stability, especially active enzymes and peptides drug delivery. In this paper, we will conclude current studies about Pegylated DDS and their biomedical applications from both in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35209, USA
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chen Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Sun Y, Kang C, Yao Z, Liu F, Zhou Y. Peptide-Based Ligand for Active Delivery of Liposomal Doxorubicin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984416420046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) has been extensively used in the clinic to treat malignant tumors such as leukemias and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the severe cardiotoxicity associated with the use of DOX requests the development of alternative and efficient pharmaceutical formulations. The PEGylated liposome of DOX can significantly reduce the cardiotoxicity but still lacks the active targeting towards cancer cells. Modification of liposomal DOX with active ligands would then be a rational approach to enhance the transportation of the toxin into tumor cells. Currently used targeting ligands include antibodies, proteins, small molecules, and peptides. By virtue of the advantages such as easy preparation, lower cost, and elevated resistance to enzymatic degradation, peptides are attracting a significant amount of interest as active targeting ligands for pharmaceutics. In this paper, we will briefly discuss the application of peptide ligands for the improvement of the therapeutic efficacy of liposomal DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Chen Kang
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhili Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - You Zhou
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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Zhou Y, Ding R. Quantitative SERS Detection of Trace Glutathione with Internal Reference Embedded Au-core/Ag-shell Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984416420034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been widely studied and applied for over three decades. However, reliable SERS detection of molecules with low polarizability is still suffering from poor sensitivity and reproducibility. In this paper, we have reported a new strategy for performing quantitative SERS detection of Raman insensitive Glutathione (GSH), based on GSH-induced replacement of a highly Raman sensitive four-mercaptopyridine (MP) adsorbed on the surface of four-aminothiophenol (ATP) embedded Au-core/Ag-shell particles. This replacement led to a strong decrease of the MP SERS signal, which was used to determine the concentration of GSH. The adoption of GSH-induced Raman probe replacement leads to high sensitivity, while the use of internal reference method provides an improved accuracy of the GSH quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as one of the most stable metal nanoparticles have demonstrated extensive applications in recent years. This paper will give a focus on the AuNPs as biosensors, due to their inertness, unique optical properties, high surface area, and various surface functionalization methods. Synthesis of AuNps and the surface functionalization will be discussed in the first part. The size, shape, and stability can be controlled by different synthetic methods, while reductant usually needed. By surface functionalization with different molecules such as polymers, nucleic acids, and proteins, AuNPs will aggregate when specified molecule linkages showing up enables selective detections. The application in biosensing to detect proteins, oligonucleotide, glucose, and heavy metals will be exemplified, followed by the summary and future perspective part in the conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221, US
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221, US
| | - Qinyuan Chai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221, US
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