1
|
Liu D, Tian Z, Tusong K, Mamat H, Luo Y. Expression, purification and characterization of CTP synthase PyrG in Staphylococcusaureus. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 221:106520. [PMID: 38833752 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) presents a significant challenge in both nosocomial and community settings due to its pathogenicity. The emergence of drug-resistant strains exacerbates S. aureus infections, leading to increased mortality rates. PyrG, a member of the cytidine triphosphate (CTP) synthase family, serves as a crucial therapeutic target against S. aureus due to the pivotal role of CTP in cellular metabolism. However, the structural and mechanistic details of S. aureus PyrG remains unknown. Here, we successfully expressed and purified monomeric PyrG. Mutational experiments were conducted based on the results of molecular docking. Based on the results of the molecular docking, we carried out mutation experiments and found that Q386A dramatically decreased the CTP synthase activity compared to the wild-type protein, while Y54A almost completely abolished the activity. Exposure of S. aureus to the kinase inhibitor crizotinib increased expression of gene pyrG. Our results identify the two key sites on PyrG for the CTP synthase activity, and present PyrG gene expression increased during the treatment of crizotinib, which may eventually provide valuable guidance for the development of new drugs against S. aureus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafeng Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lavender Conservation and Utilization, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, Xinjiang, China; School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhu Tian
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lavender Conservation and Utilization, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kuerban Tusong
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lavender Conservation and Utilization, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hayrinsa Mamat
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lavender Conservation and Utilization, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yihan Luo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lavender Conservation and Utilization, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, 835000, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Laquian L, Efron PA. Antibiotic Use in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit. Adv Surg 2024; 58:203-221. [PMID: 39089778 DOI: 10.1016/j.yasu.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Judicious use of antibiotics in the critically ill starts with the evaluation for suspected infection, including close consideration of the patient's history. If infection is present or strongly suspected, empiric antibiotics should be promptly initiated and selected based on the source of infection, patient factors, and local resistance patterns. If the surgeon decides source control is indicated, they must determine the optimal approach and timing. As soon as culture and sensitivity data are available, de-escalation to narrower spectrum agents is essential to decrease the risks of antibiotic toxicity and resistance. Importantly, surgeons should participate in antibiotic stewardship in their patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liza Laquian
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seo SB, Lee J, Kim E, Lim J, Jang S, Son SU, Jeong Y, Kang T, Jung J, Lee KG, Lee SW, Kim K, Lim EK. On-site detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) utilizing G-quadruplex based isothermal exponential amplification reaction (GQ-EXPAR). Talanta 2024; 275:126073. [PMID: 38688085 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has a high incidence in infectious hospitals and communities, highlighting the need for early on-site detection due to its resistance to methicillin antibiotics. The present study introduces a highly sensitive detection system for mecA, a crucial methicillin marker, utilizing an RCA-based isothermal exponential amplification reaction. The G-quadruplex-based isothermal exponential amplification reaction (GQ-EXPAR) method designs probes to establish G-quadruplex secondary structures incorporating thioflavin T for fluorescence. The system, unlike conventional genetic detection methods, works with portable isothermal PCR devices (isoQuark), facilitating on-site detection. A detection limit of 0.1 fmol was demonstrated using synthetic DNA, and effective detection was proven using thermal lysis. The study also validated the detection of targets swabbed from surfaces within bacterial 3D nanostructures using the GQ-EXPAR method. After applying complementary sequences to the padlock probe for the target, the GQ-EXPAR method can be used on various targets. The developed method could facilitate rapid and accurate diagnostics within MRSA strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Beom Seo
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Lee
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Research Center for Bio Materials and Process, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea; Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Lim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, 123, Osongsaengmyeong-ro, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Jang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Uk Son
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Jeong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejeoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Jung
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung G Lee
- Center for Nanobio Develpment, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyujung Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyung Lim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mazzantini D, Massimino M, Calvigioni M, Rossi V, Celandroni F, Lupetti A, Batoni G, Ghelardi E. Anti-staphylococcal activity of a polyphenol-rich citrus extract: synergy with β-lactams and low proficiency to induce resistance. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1415400. [PMID: 39021634 PMCID: PMC11252074 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1415400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibiotic resistance represents one of the most significant threats to public health in the 21st century. Polyphenols, natural molecules with antibacterial activity produced by plants, are being considered as alternative antimicrobial strategies to manage infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of a polyphenol mixture extracted from citrus fruits, against both antibiotic-susceptible and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Methods Broth microdilution and time-kill curve experiments were used to test the extract anti-staphylococcal activity. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the hemolysis assay. The interaction between the mixture and antibiotics was investigated by the checkerboard assay. The effect of B alone and in combination with oxacillin on the membrane potential was investigated by the 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide assay. The ability of the extract to induce the development of resistance was verified by propagating S. aureus for 10 transfers in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations. Results The citrus extract was found to be active against all Staphylococcus strains at remarkably low concentrations (0.0031 and 0.0063%), displaying rapid bactericidal effects without being toxic on erythrocytes. In particular, B was found to rapidly cause membrane depolarization. When combined with methicillin, meropenem, and oxacillin, the mixture displayed synergistic activity exclusively against methicillin-resistant strains. We additionally show that the sequential exposure of S. aureus to sub-inhibitory concentrations did not induce the development of resistance against the extract. Discussion Overall, these findings support the potential use of the citrus extract as promising option to manage staphylococcal infections and suggest that it may counteract the mechanism behind methicillin-resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Estes Bright LM, Chug MK, Thompson S, Brooks M, Brisbois EJ, Handa H. Analysis of the broad-spectrum potential of nitric oxide for antibacterial activity against clinically isolated drug-resistant bacteria. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35442. [PMID: 38923117 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of drug-resistant microorganisms is taking a heavy toll on the biomedical world. Clinical infections are costly and becoming increasingly dangerous as bacteria that once responded to standard antibiotic treatment are developing resistance mechanisms that require innovative treatment strategies. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule produced endogenously that has shown potent antibacterial capabilities in numerous research studies. Its multimechanistic antibacterial methods prevent the development of resistance and have shown potential as an alternative to antibiotics. However, there has yet to be a direct comparison study evaluating the antibacterial properties of NO against antibiotic susceptible and antibiotic-resistant clinically isolated bacterial strains. Herein, standardized lab and clinically isolated drug-resistant bacterial strains are compared side-by-side for growth and viability following treatment with NO released from S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an NO donor molecule. Evaluation of growth kinetics revealed complete killing of E. coli lab and clinical strains at 17.5 mM GSNO, though 15 mM displayed >50% killing and significantly reduced metabolic activity, with greater dose dependence for membrane permeability. Clinical P. aeruginosa showed greater susceptibility to GSNO during growth curve studies, but metabolic activity and membrane permeability demonstrated similar effects for 12.5 mM GSNO treatment of lab and clinical strains. MRSA lab and clinical strains exhibited total killing at 17.5 mM treatment, though metabolic activity was decreased, and membrane permeation began at 12.5 mM for both strains. Lastly, both S. epidermidis strains were killed by 15 mM GSNO, with sensitivities in metabolic activity and membrane permeability at 12.5 mM GSNO. The mirrored antibacterial effects seen by the lab and clinical strains of two Gram-negative and two Gram-positive bacteria reveal the translational success of NO as an antibacterial therapy and potential alternative to standard antibiotic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lori M Estes Bright
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Manjyot Kaur Chug
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephen Thompson
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Megan Brooks
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roberts E, Nuttall TJ, Gkekas G, Mellanby RJ, Fitzgerald JR, Paterson GK. Not just in man's best friend: A review of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius host range and human zoonosis. Res Vet Sci 2024; 174:105305. [PMID: 38805894 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is one species in the commensal staphylococcal population in dogs. While it is commonly carried on healthy companion dogs it is also an opportunistic pathogen associated with a range of skin, ear, wound and other infections. While adapted to dogs, it is not restricted to them, and we have reviewed its host range, including increasing reports of human colonisation and infections. Despite its association with pet dogs, S. pseudintermedius is found widely in animals, covering companion, livestock and free-living species of birds and mammals. Human infections, typically in immunocompromised individuals, are increasingly being recognised, in part due to improved diagnosis. Colonisation, infection, and antimicrobial resistance, including frequent multidrug resistance, among S. pseudintermedius isolates represent important One Health challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Roberts
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - T J Nuttall
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - G Gkekas
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - R J Mellanby
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J R Fitzgerald
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - G K Paterson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhuang H, Chen M, Hu D, Liu L, Wu D, Zhang H, Wang Z, Jiang S, Chen Y, Zhu F, Hong Y, Lei T, Wang H, Sun L, Ji S, Yu Y, Chen Y. Role of tcaA, a potential target as a ceftobiprole resistance breaker in MRSA β-lactam resistance. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107185. [PMID: 38692492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using a random forest algorithm, we previously found that teicoplanin-associated gene A (tcaA) might play a role in resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to β-lactams, which we have investigated further here. METHODS Representative MRSA strains of prevalent clones were selected to identify the role of tcaA in the MRSA response to β-lactams. tcaA genes were deleted by homologous recombination in the selected MRSA strains, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were applied to evaluate the effect of tcaA on the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of glycopeptides and β-lactams. Scanning electron microscopy, RNA sequencing, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed to explore the mechanism of tcaA in MRSA resistance to β-lactams. RESULTS The MIC of penicillin plus clavulanate decreased from 3 mg/L to 0.064 mg/L and that of oxacillin decreased from 16 to 0.5 mg/L when tcaA was knocked out in the LAC strain. Compared with wild-type MRSA isolates, when tcaA was deleted, all selected strains were more susceptible to β-lactams. Susceptibility to ceftobiprole was restored in the ceftobiprole-resistant strain when tcaA was deleted. tcaA knockout caused "log-like" abnormal division of MRSA, and tcaA deficiency mediated low expression of mecA, ponA, and murA2. CONCLUSIONS Machine learning is a reliable tool for identifying drug resistance-related genes. tcaA may be involved in S. aureus cell division and may affect mecA, ponA, and murA2 expression. Furthermore, tcaA is a potential resistance breaker target for β-lactams, including ceftobiprole, in MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemu Zhuang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Infectious Disease, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for General Practice Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengnan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feiteng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yueqin Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tailong Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujuan Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for General Practice Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pires PM, Santos D, Calisto F, Pereira M. The monotopic quinone reductases from Staphylococcus aureus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149488. [PMID: 38950690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium, is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the most frequent causes for community acquired and nosocomial infections that has become a major public health threat due to the increased incidence of its drug resistance. Although being a prominent pathogen, its energetic metabolism is still underexplored, and its respiratory enzymes have been escaping attention. S. aureus can adapt to different environmental conditions by performing both aerobic and anaerobic respirations, which is particularly important as it frequently colonizes niches with different oxygen concentrations. This adaptability is derived from the composition of its respiratory chain, specifically from the presence of terminal electron acceptor reductases. The plasticity of S. aureus energy metabolism is enlarged by the ten quinone reductases encoded in its genome, eight of them being monotopic proteins. The role of these proteins is critical as they connect the different catabolic pathways to the respiratory chain. In this work, we identify, describe, and revise the monotopic quinone reductases present in S. aureus, providing an integrated view of its respiratory chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M Pires
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Santos
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Calisto
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pereira
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Doppalapudi S, Adrish M. Community-acquired pneumonia: The importance of the early detection of drug-resistant organisms. World J Crit Care Med 2024; 13:91314. [PMID: 38855277 PMCID: PMC11155498 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v13.i2.91314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a disease associated with significant healthcare burden with over 1.5 million hospitalizations annually and is the eighth leading cause of death in the United States. While community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is generally considered an acute time-limited illness, it is associated with high long-term mortality, with nearly one-third of patients requiring hospitalization dying within one year. An increasing trend of detecting multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms causing CAP has been observed, especially in the Western world. In this editorial, we discuss about a publication by Jatteppanavar et al which reported that a case of a MDR organism was the culprit in developing pneumonia, bacteremia, and infective endocarditis that led to the patient's death. The early detection of these resistant organisms helps improve patient outcomes. Significant advances have been made in the biotechnological and research space, but preventive measures, diagnostic techniques, and treatment strategies need to be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Doppalapudi
- Department of Medicine, Bronx Care Health System, New York Affiliated with The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY 10457, United States
| | - Muhammad Adrish
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li D, Ge Y, Wang N, Shi Y, Guo G, Zhang J, Zou Q, Liu Q. A novel member of drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) family efflux pump, SA00565, contributes to tetracycline antibiotics resistance in Staphylococcus aureus USA300. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0011124. [PMID: 38651886 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00111-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug efflux systems have recently been recognized as a significant mechanism responsible for multidrug resistance in bacteria. In this study, we described the identification and characterization of a new chromosomally encoded efflux pump (SA00565) in Staphylococcus aureus. SA00565, which belongs to the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) superfamily, was predicted to be a 10-transmembrane segment transporter. To evaluate the role of sa00565 in resistance, we generated sa00565 gene deletion mutant (Δsa00565) and assessed its susceptibility to 35 different antibiotic treatments. Our results demonstrated that the Δsa00565 mutant exhibited reduced resistance to tetracycline and doxycycline, with 64-fold and 12-fold decreased MICs, respectively. The mechanism of SA00565-mediated tetracycline resistance was demonstrated that SA00565 possesses the capability to efficiently extrud intracellular tetracycline into the environment. The efflux activity of SA00565 was further validated using EtBr accumulation and efflux assays. In summary, our study uncovered a previously unknown function of a DMT family transporter, which serves as a tetracycline efflux pump, thereby contributing to tetracycline resistance in S. aureus.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we addressed the significance of drug efflux systems in multidrug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, focusing on the unexplored efflux pump SA00565 in the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) superfamily. Through phylogenetic analysis, gene knockout, and overexpression experiments, we identified the role of SA00565 in antibiotic resistance. The Δsa00565 mutant showed increased susceptibility to tetracycline and doxycycline in disk diffusion assays, with significantly lower MICs compared to the WT. Remarkably, intracellular tetracycline concentration in the mutant was two- to threefold higher, indicating SA00565 actively eliminates intracellular tetracycline. Our findings emphasize the pivotal contribution of SA00565 to tetracycline antibiotic resistance in S. aureus, shedding light on its functional attributes within the DMT superfamily and providing valuable insights for combating multidrug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiyu Li
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ge
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Wang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Shi
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Guo
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanming Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- West China Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
MacFadyen AC, Paterson GK. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius encoded within novel staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) variants. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:1303-1308. [PMID: 38564255 PMCID: PMC11144489 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a common opportunistic pathogen of companion dogs and an occasional human pathogen. Treatment is hampered by antimicrobial resistance including methicillin resistance encoded by mecA within the mobile genetic element SCCmec. OBJECTIVES SCCmec elements are diverse, especially in non-Staphyloccocus aureus staphylococci, and novel variants are likely to be present in S. pseudintermedius. The aim was to characterize the SCCmec elements found in four canine clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius. MATERIAL AND METHODS Isolates were whole-genome sequenced and SCCmec elements were assembled, annotated and compared to known SCCmec types. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Two novel SSCmec are present in these isolates. SCCmec7017-61515 is characterized by a novel combination of a Class A mec gene complex and a type 5 ccr previously only described in composite SCCmec elements. The other three isolates share a novel composite SCCmec with features of SCCmec types IV and VI. CONCLUSIONS S. pseudintermedius is a reservoir of novel SSCmec elements that has implications for understanding antimicrobial resistant in veterinary and human medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C MacFadyen
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - G K Paterson
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li J, Lu T, Chu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Fu W, Sun J, Liu Y, Liao X, Zhou Y. Cinnamaldehyde targets SarA to enhance β-lactam antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MLIFE 2024; 3:291-306. [PMID: 38948140 PMCID: PMC11211666 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a current global public health problem due to its increasing resistance to the most recent antibiotic therapies. One critical approach is to develop ways to revitalize existing antibiotics. Here, we show that the phytogenic compound cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and β-lactam antibiotic combinations can functionally synergize and resensitize clinical MRSA isolates to β-lactam therapy and inhibit MRSA biofilm formation. Mechanistic studies indicated that the CIN potentiation effect on β-lactams was primarily the result of inhibition of the mecA expression by targeting the staphylococcal accessory regulator sarA. CIN alone or in combination with β-lactams decreased sarA gene expression and increased SarA protein phosphorylation that impaired SarA binding to the mecA promoter element and downregulated virulence genes such as those encoding biofilm, α-hemolysin, and adhesin. Perturbation of SarA-mecA binding thus interfered with PBP2a biosynthesis and this decreased MRSA resistance to β-lactams. Furthermore, CIN fully restored the anti-MRSA activities of β-lactam antibiotics in vivo in murine models of bacteremia and biofilm infections. Together, our results indicated that CIN acts as a β-lactam adjuvant and can be applied as an alternative therapy to combat multidrug-resistant MRSA infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tingyin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuefei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuejun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Yantai Fushan Center for Animal Disease Control and PreventionYantaiChina
| | - Wenzhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yahong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Ping Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Devanathan N, Mukhopadhyay HK, Sihag KK, Terence Nathan A, Chakkaravarthi A, Srinivasan L, Srinivas MV, Vasu J, Shanmugam VP, Rahi M, Devaraju P. Synanthropic rodents and shrews are reservoirs of zoonotic bacterial pathogens and act as sentinels for antimicrobial resistance spillover in the environment: A study from Puducherry, India. One Health 2024; 18:100759. [PMID: 38784598 PMCID: PMC11111835 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern and needs to be monitored for control. In this study, synanthropic rodents trapped from humans and animal habitats in Puducherry, India, were screened as sentinels for bacterial pathogens of public health importance and antimicrobial resistance spillover. From the trapped rodents and shrews (n = 100) pathogens viz., Staphylococcus sp, E. coli and Salmonella sp were isolated from oropharyngeal and rectal swabs on Mannitol salt, Mac Conkey and Xylose lysine deoxycholate media respectively. The AMR genes in these isolates were screened by PCR. A total of 76, S. aureus and 19, Staphylococcus non aureus were isolated. E. coli was isolated in 89 samples and among the Salmonella sp (n = 59), 16, were S. enteritidis and 29, were S. typhimurium. A total of 46 MRSA isolates with mec A (n = 40) and mec C (n = 6) were detected. Also, 36.84% and 5.3% Staphylococcus non aureus isolates were tested to have mec A and mec C genes. AMR genes encoding ESBL [blaTEM in 21, blaSHV in 45 and blaCTX-M in 11] was tested positive in 77 E. coli isolates. Among, Salmonella isolates 44/45 were screened to have AMR genes [tet in 13, sul3 & sul4 in 20 and qnrA in 11]. Antibiotic sensitivity test confirmed the antimicrobial resistance. Isolation of pathogens of public health importance and demonstration of genetic elements conferring antimicrobial resistance in the synanthropic rodents confirms that they act as reservoirs and appropriate sentinels to monitor AMR spillover in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedha Devanathan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Hirak Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Sihag
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - A. Terence Nathan
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Aravindasamy Chakkaravarthi
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Lakshmy Srinivasan
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Mouttou Vivek Srinivas
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Vasu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Venkatesa Perumal Shanmugam
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Manju Rahi
- The Director, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Panneer Devaraju
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pugazhendhi AS, Neal CJ, Ta KM, Molinari M, Kumar U, Wei F, Kolanthai E, Ady A, Drake C, Hughes M, Yooseph S, Seal S, Coathup MJ. A neoteric antibacterial ceria-silver nanozyme for abiotic surfaces. Biomaterials 2024; 307:122527. [PMID: 38518591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Community-associated and hospital-acquired infections caused by bacteria continue to yield major global challenges to human health. Bacterial contamination on abiotic surfaces is largely spread via high-touch surfaces and contemporary standard disinfection practices show limited efficacy, resulting in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. New strategies that offer non-specific and broad protection are urgently needed. Herein, we report our novel ceria-silver nanozyme engineered at a molar ratio of 5:1 and with a higher trivalent (Ce3+) surface fraction. Our results reveal potent levels of surface catalytic activity on both wet and dry surfaces, with rapid, and complete eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin resistant S. aureus, in both planktonic and biofilm form. Preferential electrostatic adherence of anionic bacteria to the cationic nanozyme surface leads to a catastrophic loss in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, DNA damage, osmodysregulation, and finally, programmed bacterial lysis. Our data reveal several unique mechanistic avenues of synergistic ceria-Ag efficacy. Ag potentially increases the presence of Ce3+ sites at the ceria-Ag interface, thereby facilitating the formation of harmful H2O2, followed by likely permeation across the cell wall. Further, a weakened Ag-induced Ce-O bond may drive electron transfer from the Ec band to O2, thereby further facilitating the selective reduction of O2 toward H2O2 formation. Ag destabilizes the surface adsorption of molecular H2O2, potentially leading to higher concentrations of free H2O2 adjacent to bacteria. To this end, our results show that H2O2 and/or NO/NO2-/NO3- are the key liberators of antibacterial activity, with a limited immediate role being offered by nanozyme-induced ROS including O2•- and OH•, and likely other light-activated radicals. A mini-pilot proof-of-concept study performed in a pediatric dental clinic setting confirms residual, and continual nanozyme antibacterial efficacy over a 28-day period. These findings open a new approach to alleviate infections caused by bacteria for use on high-touch hard surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Sindu Pugazhendhi
- Biionix Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, United States
| | - Craig J Neal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, United States
| | - Khoa Minh Ta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Molinari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
| | - Udit Kumar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, United States
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, United States
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, United States
| | - Andrew Ady
- Biionix Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, United States
| | - Christina Drake
- Kismet Technologies, 7101 TPC Drive, Suite 130, Orlando, FL, 32822, United States
| | - Megan Hughes
- University of Cardiff, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Shibu Yooseph
- Kravis Department of Integrated Sciences, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA 91711, United States
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Biionix Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, United States; Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, United States
| | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ohra S, Sharma R, Kumar A. Repurposing of drugs against bacterial infections: A pharmacovigilance-based data mining approach. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22211. [PMID: 38807372 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a list of priority pathogens that urgently require research to develop new antibiotics. The main aim of the current study is to identify potential marketed drugs that can be repurposed against bacterial infections. A pharmacovigilance-based drug repurposing approach was used to identify potential drugs. OpenVigil 2.1 tool was used to query the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. The reporting odds ratio (ROR) < 1, ROR95CI upper bound <1, and no. of cases ≥30 were used for filtering and sorting of drugs. Sunburst plot was used to represent drugs in a hierarchical order using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification. Molecular docking and dynamics were performed using the Maestro and Desmond modules of Schrodinger 2023 software respectively. A total of 40 drugs with different classes were identified based on the pharmacovigilance approach which has antibacterial potential. The molecular docking results have shown energetically favored binding conformation of lisinopril against 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase, UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine hydrolase, and penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; olmesartan, atorvastatin against lipoteichoic acids flippase LtaA and rosiglitazone and varenicline against d-alanine ligase of Staphylococcus aureus; valsartan against peptidoglycan deacetylase (SpPgdA) and atorvastatin against CDP-activated ribitol for teichoic acid precursors of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Further, molecular dynamic results have shown the stability of identified drugs in the active site of bacterial targets except lisinopril with PBP3. Lisinopril, olmesartan, atorvastatin, rosiglitazone, varenicline, and valsartan have been identified as potential drugs for repurposing against bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simran Ohra
- Department of Clinical Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchika Sharma
- Centre for Precision Medicine and Pharmacy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Clinical Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang X, Gao X, Ou J, Chen G, Ye L. Antimicrobial activity and mechanism of anti-MRSA of phloroglucinol derivatives. Daru 2024; 32:177-187. [PMID: 38246975 PMCID: PMC11087386 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-024-00503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous studies, authors have completed the total synthesis of several phloroglucinol natural products and synthesized a series of their derivatives, which were tested with good biological activities. OBJECTIVES To discover anti-MRSA lead compound and study their mechanism of action. METHODS Phloroglucinol derivatives were tested to investigate their activities against several gram-positive strains including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The mechanism study was conducted by determining extracellular potassium ion concentration, intracellular NADPH oxidase content, SOD activity, ROS amount in MRSA and MRSA survival rate under A5 treatment. The in vitro cytotoxicity test of A5 was conducted. RESULTS The activity of monocyclic compounds was stronger than that of bicyclic compounds, and compound A5 showed the best MIC value of 0.98 μg/mL and MBC value of 1.95 μg/mL, which were 4-8 times lower than that of vancomycin. The mechanism study of A5 showed that it achieved anti-MRSA effect through membrane damage, which is proved by increased concentration of extracellular potassium ion after A5 treatment. Another possible mechanism is the over ROS production induced cell death, which is suggested by observed alternation of several reactive oxygen species (ROS) related indicators including NADPH concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, ROS content and bacterial survival rate after A5 treatment. The cytotoxicity results in vitro showed that A5 was basically non-toxic to cells. CONCLUSION Acylphloroglucinol derivative A5 showed good anti-MRSA activity, possibly via membrane damage and ROS-mediated oxidative stress mechanism. It deserves further exploration to be a potential lead for the development of new anti-MRSA agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinjiao Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiayi Ou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lianbao Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chauhan R, Nate Z, Ike B, Kwabena Adu D, Alake J, Gill AAS, Miya L, Bachheti Thapliyal N, Karpoormath R. One pot fabrication of diamino naphthalene -AuNPs decorated graphene nanoplatform for the MRSA detection in the biological sample. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 157:108674. [PMID: 38460467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Early monitoring of MRSA can effectively mitigate the disease risk by using Penicillin-binding protein 2a (PbP2a) biomarker. Diamino naphthalene-AuNPs decorated graphene (AuNPsGO-DN) nanocomposite was synthesized for a rapid and sensitive immunosensor detecting PbP2a. The synthesized AuNPsGO-DN nanocomposites were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Electrochemical characterization done with cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Anti-PbP2a monoclonal antibodies immobilized at AuNPsGO-DN/GCE via covalent bonding. AuNPs enhanced the electrode surface area and the antibodies' loading. Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) was a linker between the AuNPs and antibodies, orientated the antibodies as opposite to the PbP2a antigen, and improved the sensitivity and specificity. The antiPbP2a/MPA/AuNPsGO-DN/GCE electrode displayed sensitive and selective detection towards the PbP2a antigen in phosphate buffer saline (PBS pH 7.4). The broad linear range from 0.01 to 8000 pg/mL was obtained with LOD of 0.154 pg/mL and 0.0239 pg/mL, respectively. A label-free, simple, and sensitive immunosensor was developed with a 98-106 % recovery rate in spiked biological samples. It shows the potential applicability of the developed immunoelectrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Zondi Nate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Blessing Ike
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Darko Kwabena Adu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - John Alake
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Atal A S Gill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Lungelo Miya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Neeta Bachheti Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Y, Liang Z, Cao Y, Hung CH, Du R, Leung ASL, So PK, Chan PH, Wong WL, Leung YC, Wong KY. Discovery of a novel class of rosmarinic acid derivatives as antibacterial agents: Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107318. [PMID: 38579613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Twenty-seven rosmarinic acid derivatives were synthesized, among which compound RA-N8 exhibited the most potent antibacterial ability. The minimum inhibition concentration of RA-N8 against both S. aureus (ATCC 29213) and MRSA (ATCC BAA41 and ATCC 43300) was found to be 6 μg/mL, and RA-N8 killed E. coli (ATCC 25922) at 3 μg/mL in the presence of polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN) which increased the permeability of E. coli. RA-N8 exhibited a weak hemolytic effect at the minimum inhibitory concentration. SYTOX Green assay, SEM, and LIVE/DEAD fluorescence staining assay proved that the mode of action of RA-N8 is targeting bacterial cell membranes. Furthermore, no resistance in wildtype S. aureus developed after incubation with RA-N8 for 20 passages. Cytotoxicity studies further demonstrated that RA-N8 is non-toxic to the human normal cell line (HFF1). RA-N8 also exerted potent inhibitory ability against biofilm formation of S. aureus and even collapsed the shaped biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhiguang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yihui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheung-Hin Hung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruolan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alan Siu-Lun Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui-Kin So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak-Ho Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun-Chung Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yeary J, Hacker L, Liang SY. Managing Antimicrobial Resistance in the Emergency Department. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2024; 42:461-483. [PMID: 38641399 DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
(Basic awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance and prevailing mechanisms can aid emergency physicians in providing appropriate care to patients with infections due to a multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO). Empiric treatment of MDRO infections should be approached with caution and guided by the most likely pathogens based on differential diagnosis, severity of the illness, suspected source of infection, patient-specific factors, and local antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Newer broad-spectrum antibiotics should be reserved for critically ill patients where there is a high likelihood of infection with an MDRO.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Yeary
- Department of Pharmacy, Barnes Jewish Hospital, 1 Barnes Jewish Place, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Larissa Hacker
- Department of Pharmacy, UW Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Stephen Y Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheney L, Payne M, Kaur S, Lan R. SaLTy: a novel Staphylococcus aureus Lineage Typer. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001250. [PMID: 38739116 PMCID: PMC11165655 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus asymptomatically colonises 30 % of humans but can also cause a range of diseases, which can be fatal. In 2017 S. aureus was associated with 20 000 deaths in the USA alone. Dividing S. aureus isolates into smaller sub-groups can reveal the emergence of distinct sub-populations with varying potential to cause infections. Despite multiple molecular typing methods categorising such sub-groups, they do not take full advantage of S. aureus genome sequences when describing the fundamental population structure of the species. In this study, we developed Staphylococcus aureus Lineage Typing (SaLTy), which rapidly divides the species into 61 phylogenetically congruent lineages. Alleles of three core genes were identified that uniquely define the 61 lineages and were used for SaLTy typing. SaLTy was validated on 5000 genomes and 99.12 % (4956/5000) of isolates were assigned the correct lineage. We compared SaLTy lineages to previously calculated clonal complexes (CCs) from BIGSdb (n=21 173). SALTy improves on CCs by grouping isolates congruently with phylogenetic structure. SaLTy lineages were further used to describe the carriage of Staphylococcal chromosomal cassette containing mecA (SCCmec) which is carried by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Most lineages had isolates lacking SCCmec and the four largest lineages varied in SCCmec over time. Classifying isolates into SaLTy lineages, which were further SCCmec typed, allowed SaLTy to describe high-level MRSA epidemiology. We provide SaLTy as a simple typing method that defines phylogenetic lineages (https://github.com/LanLab/SaLTy). SaLTy is highly accurate and can quickly analyse large amounts of S. aureus genome data. SaLTy will aid the characterisation of S. aureus populations and ongoing surveillance of sub-groups that threaten human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Cheney
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Payne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nielsen TK, Petersen IB, Xu L, Barbuti MD, Mebus V, Justh A, Alqarzaee AA, Jacques N, Oury C, Thomas V, Kjos M, Henriksen C, Frees D. The Spx stress regulator confers high-level β-lactam resistance and decreases susceptibility to last-line antibiotics in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024:e0033524. [PMID: 38690894 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00335-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. MRSA has acquired resistance to next-generation β-lactam antibiotics through the horizontal acquisition of the mecA resistance gene. Development of high resistance is, however, often associated with additional mutations in a set of chromosomal core genes, known as potentiators, which, through poorly described mechanisms, enhance resistance. The yjbH gene was recently identified as a hot spot for adaptive mutations during severe infections. Here, we show that inactivation of yjbH increased β-lactam MICs up to 16-fold and transformed MRSA cells with low levels of resistance to being homogenously highly resistant to β-lactams. The yjbH gene encodes an adaptor protein that targets the transcriptional stress regulator Spx for degradation by the ClpXP protease. Using CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) to knock down spx transcription, we unambiguously linked hyper-resistance to the accumulation of Spx. Spx was previously proposed to be essential; however, our data suggest that Spx is dispensable for growth at 37°C but becomes essential in the presence of antibiotics with various targets. On the other hand, high Spx levels bypassed the role of PBP4 in β-lactam resistance and broadly decreased MRSA susceptibility to compounds targeting the cell wall or the cell membrane, including vancomycin, daptomycin, and nisin. Strikingly, Spx potentiated resistance independently of its redox-sensing switch. Collectively, our study identifies a general stress pathway that, in addition to promoting the development of high-level, broad-spectrum β-lactam resistance, also decreases MRSA susceptibility to critical antibiotics of last resort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Krogh Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Birkjær Petersen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Disen Barbuti
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Viktor Mebus
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anni Justh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abdulelah Ahmed Alqarzaee
- Center for Staphylococcal Research, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nicolas Jacques
- Laboratory of Cardiology, GIGA Institute, University of Liège Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Oury
- Laboratory of Cardiology, GIGA Institute, University of Liège Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vinai Thomas
- Center for Staphylococcal Research, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Morten Kjos
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Camilla Henriksen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Frees
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gopikrishnan M, Haryini S, C GPD. Emerging strategies and therapeutic innovations for combating drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains: A comprehensive review. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300579. [PMID: 38308076 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, antibiotic therapy has encountered significant challenges due to the rapid emergence of multidrug resistance among bacteria responsible for life-threatening illnesses, creating uncertainty about the future management of infectious diseases. The escalation of antimicrobial resistance in the post-COVID era compared to the pre-COVID era has raised global concern. The prevalence of nosocomial-related infections, especially outbreaks of drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, have been reported worldwide, with India being a notable hotspot for such occurrences. Various virulence factors and mutations characterize nosocomial infections involving S. aureus. The lack of proper alternative treatments leading to increased drug resistance emphasizes the need to investigate and examine recent research to combat future pandemics. In the current genomics era, the application of advanced technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), machine learning (ML), and quantum computing (QC) for genomic analysis and resistance prediction has significantly increased the pace of diagnosing drug-resistant pathogens and insights into genetic intricacies. Despite prompt diagnosis, the elimination of drug-resistant infections remains unattainable in the absence of effective alternative therapies. Researchers are exploring various alternative therapeutic approaches, including phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, photodynamic therapy, vaccines, host-directed therapies, and more. The proposed review mainly focuses on the resistance journey of S. aureus over the past decade, detailing its resistance mechanisms, prevalence in the subcontinent, innovations in rapid diagnosis of the drug-resistant strains, including the applicants of NGS and ML application along with QC, it helps to design alternative novel therapeutics approaches against S. aureus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Gopikrishnan
- Department of Integrative Biology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sree Haryini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Department of Integrative Biology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ghosh S, Sen S, Jash M, Ghosh S, Jana A, Roy R, Mukherjee N, Mukherjee D, Sarkar J, Ghosh S. Synergistic Augmentation of Beta-Lactams: Exploring Quinoline-Derived Amphipathic Small Molecules as Antimicrobial Potentiators against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1267-1285. [PMID: 38442370 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The escalation of bacterial resistance against existing therapeutic antimicrobials has reached a critical peak, leading to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Stringent pathways in novel drug discovery hinder our progress in this survival race. A promising approach to combat emerging antibiotic resistance involves enhancing conventional ineffective antimicrobials using low-toxicity small molecule adjuvants. Recent research interest lies in weak membrane-perturbing agents with unique cyclic hydrophobic components, addressing a significant gap in antimicrobial drug exploration. Our study demonstrates that quinoline-based amphipathic small molecules, SG-B-52 and SG-B-22, significantly reduce MICs of selected beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin and amoxicillin) against lethal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Mechanistically, membrane perturbation, depolarization, and ROS generation drive cellular lysis and death. These molecules display minimal in vitro and in vivo toxicity, showcased through hemolysis assays, cell cytotoxicity analysis, and studies on albino Wistar rats. SG-B-52 exhibits impressive biofilm-clearing abilities against MRSA biofilms, proposing a strategy to enhance beta-lactam antibiosis and encouraging the development of potent antimicrobial potentiators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Ghosh
- Smart Healthcare Department, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Samya Sen
- iHUB Drishti Foundation, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Moumita Jash
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Satyajit Ghosh
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Aniket Jana
- Smart Healthcare Department, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Rajsekhar Roy
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Nabanita Mukherjee
- Smart Healthcare Department, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Dipro Mukherjee
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Jayita Sarkar
- Centre for Research and Development of Scientific Instruments (CRDSI), Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342030, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
- Smart Healthcare Department, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
- iHUB Drishti Foundation, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yan F, Yang M, Sun Y, Tang Q, Yuan L. Case report: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with penicillin susceptible (PS-MRSA): first clinical report from a psychiatric hospital in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1380369. [PMID: 38638932 PMCID: PMC11024255 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1380369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report documents the first instance of Penicillin-Susceptible Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (PS-MRSA) in a Chinese psychiatric hospital. The strain was isolated from a patient with Alzheimer's disease who had a lower respiratory tract infection. Clinical and laboratory analyses, including mass spectrometry, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing, confirmed the PS-MRSA strain. In this case, we systematically introduce the clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and treatment responses associated with this PS-MRSA strain. This discovery offers a new perspective on our understanding of resistance mechanisms and expands our considerations for existing antibiotic treatments. It may fill a gap in the classification of MRSA strains, enhance the spectrum of MRSA resistance, and complete the therapeutic strategies for MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rosa DS, Oliveira SADS, Souza RDFS, de França CA, Pires IC, Tavares MRS, de Oliveira HP, da Silva Júnior FAG, Moreira MAS, de Barros M, de Menezes GB, Antunes MM, Azevedo VADC, Naue CR, da Costa MM. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of highly soluble polypyrrole against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae072. [PMID: 38503568 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of highly soluble polypyrrole (Hs-PPy), alone or combined with oxacillin, as well as its antibiofilm potential against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Furthermore, the in silico inhibitory mechanism in efflux pumps was also investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and two reference strains were used. Antimicrobial activity was determined by broth microdilution, and the combination effect with oxacillin was evaluated by the checkerboard assay. The biofilm formation capacity of MRSA and the interference of Hs-PPy were evaluated. The inhibitory action of Hs-PPy on the efflux pump was evaluated in silico through molecular docking. Hs-PPy showed activity against the isolates, with inhibitory action between 62.5 and 125 µg ml-1 and bactericidal action at 62.5 µg ml-1, as well as synergism in association with oxacillin. The isolates ranged from moderate to strong biofilm producers, and Hs-PPy interfered with the formation of this structure, but not with mature biofilm. There was no in silico interaction with the efflux protein EmrD, the closest homolog to NorA. CONCLUSIONS Hs-PPy interferes with biofilm formation by MRSA, has synergistic potential, and is an efflux pump inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danillo Sales Rosa
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco 56300-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariana de Barros
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Maísa Mota Antunes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Carine Rosa Naue
- Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco 56304-205, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Weng Z, Zeng F, Wang M, Guo S, Tang Z, Itagaki K, Lin Y, Shen X, Cao Y, Duan JA, Wang F. Antimicrobial activities of lavandulylated flavonoids in Sophora flavences against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus via membrane disruption. J Adv Res 2024; 57:197-212. [PMID: 37137428 PMCID: PMC10918359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The continuous emergence and rapid spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria have accelerated the demand for the discovery of alternative antibiotics. Natural plants contain a variety of antibacterial components, which is an important source for the discovery of antimicrobial agents. OBJECTIVE To explore the antimicrobial activities and related mechanisms of two lavandulylated flavonoids, sophoraflavanone G and kurarinone in Sophora flavescens against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS The effects of sophoraflavanone G and kurarinone on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were comprehensively investigated by a combination of proteomics and metabolomics studies. Bacterial morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Membrane fluidity, membrane potential, and membrane integrity were determined using the fluorescent probes Laurdan, DiSC3(5), and propidium iodide, respectively. Adenosine triphosphate and reactive oxygen species levels were determined using the adenosine triphosphate kit and reactive oxygen species kit, respectively. The affinity activity of sophoraflavanone G to the cell membrane was determined by isothermal titration calorimetry assays. RESULTS Sophoraflavanone G and kurarinone showed significant antibacterial activity and anti-multidrug resistance properties. Mechanistic studies mainly showed that they could target the bacterial membrane and cause the destruction of the membrane integrity and biosynthesis. They could inhibit cell wall synthesis, induce hydrolysis and prevent bacteria from synthesizing biofilms. In addition, they can interfere with the energy metabolism of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and disrupt the normal physiological activities of the bacteria. In vivo studies have shown that they can significantly improve wound infection and promote wound healing. CONCLUSION Kurarinone and sophoraflavanone G showed promising antimicrobial properties against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, suggesting that they may be potential candidates for the development of new antibiotic agents against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Weng
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Minxin Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhijuan Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kiyoshi Itagaki
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yajuan Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinchun Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaqi Cao
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Benvenga V, Cuénod A, Purushothaman S, Dasen G, Weisser M, Bassetti S, Roloff T, Siegemund M, Heininger U, Bielicki J, Wehrli M, Friderich P, Frei R, Widmer A, Herzog K, Fankhauser H, Nolte O, Bodmer T, Risch M, Dubuis O, Pranghofer S, Calligaris-Maibach R, Graf S, Perreten V, Seth-Smith HMB, Egli A. Historic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: expanding current knowledge using molecular epidemiological characterization of a Swiss legacy collection. Genome Med 2024; 16:23. [PMID: 38317199 PMCID: PMC10840241 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from the early years of its global emergence have been sequenced. Knowledge about evolutionary factors promoting the success of specific MRSA multi-locus sequence types (MLSTs) remains scarce. We aimed to characterize a legacy MRSA collection isolated from 1965 to 1987 and compare it against publicly available international and local genomes. METHODS We accessed 451 historic (1965-1987) MRSA isolates stored in the Culture Collection of Switzerland, mostly collected from the Zurich region. We determined phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) using Illumina short-read sequencing on all isolates and long-read sequencing on a selection with Oxford Nanopore Technology. For context, we included 103 publicly available international assemblies from 1960 to 1992 and sequenced 1207 modern Swiss MRSA isolates from 2007 to 2022. We analyzed the core genome (cg)MLST and predicted SCCmec cassette types, AMR, and virulence genes. RESULTS Among the 451 historic Swiss MRSA isolates, we found 17 sequence types (STs) of which 11 have been previously described. Two STs were novel combinations of known loci and six isolates carried previously unsubmitted MLST alleles, representing five new STs (ST7843, ST7844, ST7837, ST7839, and ST7842). Most isolates (83% 376/451) represented ST247-MRSA-I isolated in the 1960s, followed by ST7844 (6% 25/451), a novel single locus variant (SLV) of ST239. Analysis by cgMLST indicated that isolates belonging to ST7844-MRSA-III cluster within the diversity of ST239-MRSA-III. Early MRSA were predominantly from clonal complex (CC)8. From 1980 to the end of the twentieth century, we observed that CC22 and CC5 as well as CC8 were present, both locally and internationally. CONCLUSIONS The combined analysis of 1761 historic and contemporary MRSA isolates across more than 50 years uncovered novel STs and allowed us a glimpse into the lineage flux between Swiss-German and international MRSA across time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanni Benvenga
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Aline Cuénod
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Srinithi Purushothaman
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | | | - Maja Weisser
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Bassetti
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Roloff
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Basel, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Siegemund
- Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Heininger
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Bielicki
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Wehrli
- Microbiology Department, Hospital of Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Paul Friderich
- Medicinal microbiology department, Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Reno Frei
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Herzog
- Clinical Microbiology, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Hans Fankhauser
- Clinical Microbiology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Nolte
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
- Clinical Microbiology, Zentrum für Labormedizin St, Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Olivier Dubuis
- Clinical Microbiology, Viollier AG, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Susanne Graf
- Clinical Microbiology, Cantonal Hospital Basellandschaft, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Pathogen Surveillance Platform (SPSP), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Helena M B Seth-Smith
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Basel, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland.
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Swiss Pathogen Surveillance Platform (SPSP), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang N, Sun M, Wang H, Hu D, Zhang A, Khan S, Chen Z, Chen D, Xie S. Progress of stimulus responsive nanosystems for targeting treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 324:103078. [PMID: 38215562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, due to insufficient concentration at the lesion site, low bioavailability and increasingly serious resistance, antibiotics have become less and less dominant in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. It promotes the development of efficient drug delivery systems, and is expected to achieve high absorption, targeted drug release and satisfactory therapy effects. A variety of endogenous stimulation-responsive nanosystems have been constructed by using special infection microenvironments (pH, enzymes, temperature, etc.). In this review, we firstly provide an extensive review of the current research progress in antibiotic treatment dilemmas and drug delivery systems. Then, the mechanism of microenvironment characteristics of bacterial infected lesions was elucidated to provide a strong theoretical basis for bacteria-targeting nanosystems design. In particular, the discussion focuses on the design principles of single-stimulus and dual-stimulus responsive nanosystems, as well as the use of endogenous stimulus-responsive nanosystems to deliver antimicrobial agents to target locations for combating bacterial infectious diseases. Finally, the challenges and prospects of endogenous stimulus-responsive nanosystems were summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niuniu Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health,Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengyuan Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Huixin Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Danlei Hu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Aoxue Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health,Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jeyarajan S, Peter AS, Sathyan A, Ranjith S, Kandasamy I, Duraisamy S, Chidambaram P, Kumarasamy A. Expression and purification of epinecidin-1 variant (Ac-Var-1) by acid cleavage. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:176. [PMID: 38277014 PMCID: PMC10817847 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The demand for massive quantities of therapeutic active antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is high due to their potential as alternatives to antibiotics. However, each antimicrobial peptide has unique properties, necessitating distinct synthesis and purification strategies for their large-scale production. In this study, we bio-synthesized and purified a functional enhanced variant of the AMP epinecidin-1, known as Ac-Var-1 (acid-cleavable variant-1). To generate the active peptide, we cloned the gene for Ac-Var-1 with acid-cleavable site (aspartic acid-proline) into the pET-32a expression vector, purified the fusion protein by His tag enrichment chromatography, and performed acid cleavage to release the active Ac-Var-1 peptide. After acid cleavage, the active Ac-Var-1 was purified and characterized by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. The results from both techniques provided confirmation of the intactness of the purified Ac-Var-1. The Ac-Var-1 inhibited the growth of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. KEY POINTS : • Epinecidin-1 is a well-known antimicrobial peptide having multipotential bioactivities. • Epinecidin-1 variant is developed via the site-directed mutagenesis method to improve its structural stability and bioactivity. • AC-Var-1 development is an economical and easy method to remove peptide from tag protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Jeyarajan
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ansu Susan Peter
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aswathy Sathyan
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sukumar Ranjith
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Indira Kandasamy
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senbagam Duraisamy
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Anbarasu Kumarasamy
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qi C, Luo X, Huang J, Kong D, Zhang Y, Zou M, Zhou H. Prevalence of S. aureus and/or MRSA in hospitalized patients with diabetic foot and establishment of LAMP methods for rapid detection of the SCCmec gene. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:36. [PMID: 38279164 PMCID: PMC10811927 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with diabetic feet are prone to be infected due to the impaired immune system. However, the prognostic outcome of different microbial infections remains controversial. Identification and rapid screening of the pathogenic microorganisms that pose the greatest threat to the prognosis of patients with diabetic foot infections (DFIs) is critical. METHODS Clinical data were statistically analyzed, which were obtained from 522 patients with DFIs, including pathogenic bacterial culture results and treatment outcomes at the last return visit. In addition, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) detection method was developed to identify the prevalent subtype of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in DFIs patients. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nanfang Hospital (NFEC-202012-K6) and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04916457) on June 1, 2021. RESULTS We found that the proportion of patients with infections of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and MRSA was 27.7% (145/522) and 33.7% (49/145), respectively. Additionally, the incidence of osteomyelitis was 46.9% (23/49) and amputation/disability was 40.8% (20/49) in patients with MRSA infection, which were significantly higher compared to patients with other types of bacterial infections such as methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Notably, we demonstrated that the main prevalent subtype of MRSA in DFIs patients in our hospital was Staphylococcal chromosomal cassettes mec (SCCmec) type II. In addition, it only takes 1.5 h to complete the entire experimental procedure in this LAMP assay, providing high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (77.8%) in hospitalized patients with DFIs. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated there is a very high rate of MRSA isolation in patients with DFIs and revealed that patients infected with MRSA are at a higher risk of developing osteomyelitis, and amputation or disability. Importantly, we have developed a method for quickly screening newly admitted patients for MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Qi
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, NanFang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510510, P.R. China
| | - Xiangrong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510510, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510510, P.R. China
| | - Danli Kong
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 524023, P.R. China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, NanFang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510510, P.R. China
| | - Mengchen Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510510, P.R. China.
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abusheraida NSA, AlBaker AAH, Aljabri ASA, Abdelrahman HA, Al-Mana H, Wilson GJ, Anan KA, Eltai NO. Rapid Visual Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Human Clinical Samples via Closed LAMP Assay Targeting mecA and spa Genes. Microorganisms 2024; 12:157. [PMID: 38257983 PMCID: PMC10819026 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), poses a significant global health threat as these bacteria increasingly become resistant to the most available therapeutic options. Thus, developing an efficient approach to rapidly screen MRSA directly from clinical specimens has become vital. In this study, we establish a closed-tube loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method incorporating hydroxy-naphthol blue (HNB) colorimetric dye assay to directly detect MRSA from clinical samples based on the presence of mecA and spa genes. In total, 125 preidentified S. aureus isolates and 93 clinical samples containing S. aureus were sourced from the microbiology laboratory at Hamad General Hospital (HGH). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were computed based on conventional PCR. The assay demonstrated 100% specificity, 91.23% sensitivity, 0.90 Cohen Kappa (CK), 100% PPV, and 87.8% NPV for the clinical samples, while clinical isolates exhibited 100% specificity, 97% sensitivity, 0.926 CK, 100% PPV, and 88.89% NPV. Compared to cefoxitin disk diffusion, LAMP provided 100% specificity and sensitivity, 1.00 CK, and 100% for PPV and NPV. The study revealed that the closed-tube LAMP incorporating (HNB) dye is a rapid technique with a turnaround time of less than 1 h and high specificity and sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noora S. A. Abusheraida
- College of Health Science, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (N.S.A.A.); (A.A.H.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Asraa A. H. AlBaker
- College of Health Science, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (N.S.A.A.); (A.A.H.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Asmaa S. A. Aljabri
- College of Health Science, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (N.S.A.A.); (A.A.H.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Hana A. Abdelrahman
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.A.A.); (H.A.-M.)
| | - Hassan Al-Mana
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.A.A.); (H.A.-M.)
| | - Godwin J. Wilson
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar;
| | | | - Nahla O. Eltai
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.A.A.); (H.A.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chittams-Miles AE, Malik A, Purcell EB, Muratori C. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields increase antibiotic susceptibility in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0299223. [PMID: 38092563 PMCID: PMC10783032 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02992-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We have found that treatment with short electric pulses potentiates the effects of multiple antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. By reducing the dose of antibiotic necessary to be effective, co-treatment with electric pulses could amplify the effects of standard antibiotic dosing to treat S. aureus infections such as skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). SSTIs are accessible to physical intervention and are good candidates for electric pulse co-treatment, which could be adopted as a step-in wound and abscess debridement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Chittams-Miles
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Areej Malik
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Erin B. Purcell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Claudia Muratori
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Prabha S, Chauhan P, Warkare S, Pandey KM. A computational investigation of potential plant-based bioactive compounds against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of multiple target proteins. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 38133950 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2297009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (DRSA) poses a significant global health threat, like bacteremia, endocarditis, skin, soft tissue, bone, and joint infections. Nowadays, the resistance against conventional drugs has been a prompt and focused medical concern. The present study aimed to explore the inhibitory potential of plant-based bioactive compounds (PBBCs) against effective target proteins using a computational approach. We retrieved and verified 22 target proteins associated with DRSA and conducted a screening process that involved testing 87 PBBCs. Molecular docking was performed between screened PBBCs and reference drugs with selected target proteins via AutoDock. Subsequently, we filtered the target proteins and top PBBCs based on their binding affinity scores. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulation was carried out through GROMACS for a duration of 100 ns, and the binding free energy was calculated using the gmx_MMPBSA. The result showed consistent hydrogen bonding interactions among the amino acid residues Ser 149, Arg 151, Thr 165, Thr 216, Glu 239, Ser 240, Ile 14, as well as Asn 18, Gln 19, Lys 45, Thr 46, Tyr 109, with their respective target proteins of the penicillin-binding protein and dihydrofolate reductase complex. Additionally, we assessed the pharmacokinetic properties of screened PBBCs via SwissADME and AdmetSAR. The findings suggest that β-amyrin, oleanolic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and friedelin have the potential to inhibit the selected target proteins. In future research, both in vitro and in vivo, experiments will be needed to establish these PBBCs as potent antimicrobial drugs for DRSA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Prabha
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Sudeesh Warkare
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
| | - Khushhali M Pandey
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zheng L, Jiang Y, Huang F, Wu Q, Lou Y. A colorimetric, photothermal, and fluorescent triple-mode CRISPR/cas biosensor for drug-resistance bacteria detection. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:493. [PMID: 38115051 PMCID: PMC10731848 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A multimodal analytical strategy utilizing different modalities to cross-validate each other, can effectively minimize false positives or negatives and ensure the accuracy of detection results. Herein, we establish a colorimetric, photothermal, and fluorescent triple modal CRISPR/Cas12a detection platform (CPF-CRISPR). An MNPs-ssDNA-HRP signal probe is designed to act as a substrate to trigger three signal outputs. In the presence of the DNA target, MNPs-ssDNA-HRP is cleaved by the activated CRISPR/Cas12a, resulting in the release of HRP and generating short DNA strands with 3-terminal hydroxyl on magnetic beads. The released HRP subsequently catalyzed TMB-H2O2 reaction and oxidized TMB is used for colorimetric and photothermal signal detection. Under the catalysis of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), the remaining short DNA strands are used as primers to form poly-T and function as scaffolds to form copper nanoclusters for fluorescent signal output. To verify the practical application of CPF-CRISPR, we employed MRSA as a model. The results demonstrate the platform's high accuracy and sensitivity, with a limit of detection of 101 CFU/mL when combined with recombinase polymerase amplification. Therefore, by harnessing the programmability of CRISPR/Cas12a, the biosensor has the potential to detect various drug-resistant bacteria, demonstrating significant practical applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laibao Zheng
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yayun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Fuyuan Huang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaoli Wu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Roy A, Poddar N, Panigrahi K, Pathi B, Nayak SR, Dandapat R, Pattnaik D, Praharaj AK, Patro ARK. Evaluation of In-Vitro Activity of Ceftaroline Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates. Cureus 2023; 15:e49859. [PMID: 38169856 PMCID: PMC10758905 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major causes of hospital and community-acquired infections. Fewer drugs, such as vancomycin, teicoplanin, and daptomycin, are effective against it, but they come with high toxicity. Fifth-generation cephalosporins like ceftaroline and second-generation cefuroxime are effective against MRSA. Limited studies are available on ceftaroline resistance in the literature. This study was undertaken to determine ceftaroline resistance in MRSA in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was carried out with MRSA isolates obtained from various clinical samples of patients. Identification of the isolates to the species level was performed by an automated Vitek system, and selected samples were genotypically confirmed by detecting the mecA gene via real-time PCR. Out of a total of 334 Staphylococcus aureus isolates examined in this study, the prevalence of MRSA was seen in 59.3% (198/334), and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was in 40.7% (136/334). Of the total 198 MRSA isolates, ceftaroline intermediate MRSA was seen in 8.6% (17/198), and ceftaroline sensitive MRSA was in 91.4% (181/198), respectively. Among the 17 ceftaroline intermediate MRSA isolates, 88.2% (15/17) showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 µg/ml, and 11.8% (2/17) showed an MIC of 3 µg/ml. All the remaining 91.4% (181/198) isolates were sensitive to ceftaroline and showed an MIC ≤1 µg/ml. Real-time PCR confirmed the presence of the mecA gene in MRSA isolates. In this present study, not a single isolate was resistant to ceftaroline, suggesting that it, being a safer drug, can be used in place of glycopeptides such as vancomycin or teicoplanin and linezolid, where resistance has already been detected. The rational use of ceftaroline could be useful in clinical settings, and further studies will confirm the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Roy
- Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Nirmala Poddar
- Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | | | - Basanti Pathi
- Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Subham Ravi Nayak
- Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Roshni Dandapat
- Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Dipti Pattnaik
- Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Ashok K Praharaj
- Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - A Raj Kumar Patro
- Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Heng P, Shi B, Li D, Ou H, He Y, Zhou L. Rapid visualization molecular fluorescence detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using the multiplex MIRA-qPCR method. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300200. [PMID: 37626194 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections constitute a major public health problem worldwide. A rapid method for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is critical for the timely prevention of bacterial infections and the accurate clinical use of drugs. The nuc and mecA genes are potentially indicative of MRSA infection and in this study, a multiplex molecular fluorescence multi-enzyme isothermal rapid amplification visual assay was proposed and established. The method is capable of detecting MRSA at 17 min, 40°C amplification, and is well differentiated from common clinical bacteria in specific assays, with 500 colony-forming units (CFU) mL-1 of MRSA detected under optimal conditions. This method has excellent diagnostic capabilities versus classical methods to detect clinical samples and shows potential in the identification of pathogenic microorganisms in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjin District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Guimarães L, Teixeira IM, da Silva IT, Antunes M, Pesset C, Fonseca C, Santos AL, Côrtes MF, Penna B. Epidemiologic case investigation on the zoonotic transmission of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius among dogs and their owners. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16 Suppl 1:183-189. [PMID: 37973497 PMCID: PMC10663588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs often carry methicillin-resistant Staphylococci asymptomatically. These bacteria are frequently linked to conditions such as canine pyoderma and otitis. Close interaction between dogs and humans can facilitate the exchange of resistant strains, particularly Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP). This represents a public health issue, since these strains, in addition to occasionally causing infections in humans, can also serve as a source of resistance and virulence genes for strains of greater importance in human medicine, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, MRSP strains are often multidrug resistant, which ends up compromising the treatment of infections. This study aimed to assess the potential transmission of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius among dogs and their owners. We examined a total of one hundred canine samples collected from cases of pyoderma and otitis to detect the presence of staphylococci. Simultaneously, we conducted evaluations on all dog owners. Staphylococci strains were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and PCR targeting the nuc gene. Methicillin resistance screening was also performed by detecting the mecA gene using PCR. Among the sampled dogs, 64 carried S. pseudintermedius. Nine were identified as MRSP. In six instances, dogs and their owners exhibited S. pseudintermedius. These samples underwent genome sequencing and were screened for antimicrobial resistance genes, SCCmec typing, MLST characterization, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) analyses. The results of the phylogenetic analysis revealed that in three cases, dogs and owners had closely related isolates, suggesting interspecies transmission. Two of these cases involved MRSP and one MSSP. Moreover, in the two MRSP cases, the same SCCmec type (type V) was detected. Additionally, the sequence type was consistent across all three cases involving dogs and owners (MSSP ST2277, MRSP ST2282, and ST2286). These findings strongly indicate a transmission event. Since Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is primarily isolated from canine samples, it is plausible that dogs may have acted as a potential source. In the remaining three cases, despite identifying the same species in both samples, they had notable phylogenetic differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Guimarães
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Brazil
| | - Izabel Mello Teixeira
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil; Graduate Program in Microbiology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Isabella Thomaz da Silva
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Brazil
| | - Milena Antunes
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil; Graduate Program in Microbiology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Camilla Pesset
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil
| | - Carolina Fonseca
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Santos
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil
| | - Marina Farrel Côrtes
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica LIM49, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, USP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Penna
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram positivos, Instituto Biomédico, UFF, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Joshi AA, Patil RH. Metal nanoparticles as inhibitors of enzymes and toxins of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2023; 2:294-307. [PMID: 38205183 PMCID: PMC10774769 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an aerobic Gram-positive spherical bacterium known to cause a broad range of infections worldwide. It is a major cause of infective skin and soft infections and severe and life-threatening conditions, such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and endocarditis. The emergence of drug-resistant strains of S aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA), has become a significant concern in the healthcare community. Antibiotic-resistant S aureus is commonly acquired in hospitals and long-term care facilities. It often affects patients with weakened immune systems, those undergoing invasive medical procedures, or those who have been hospitalized for extended periods. In the US, S aureus is known to cause potentially fatal illnesses, such as toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and acute-onset toxic shock syndrome (TSS), which are characterized by fever and hypotension. It develops resistance to antibiotics through several mechanisms, such as the production of enzymes that inactivate antibiotics, target site modification, efflux pumps, and plasmid-mediated resistance. Therefore, preventing the spread of drug-resistant S aureus is needed, and there is an urgent need to explore novel approaches in the development of anti-staphylococcal agents. This article reviews the principal infections caused by S aureus, major virulence factors, mechanisms of resistance development, and nanotechnology-based solutions for the control of drug-resistant S aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amruta A. Joshi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Ravindra H. Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rathi R. Potential inhibitors of FemC to combat Staphylococcus aureus: virtual screening, molecular docking, dynamics simulation, and MM-PBSA analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10495-10506. [PMID: 36524526 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2157328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
FemC is a methicillin resistance factor involved in the alterations of peptidoglycan and glutamine synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus. To identify the potent antibacterial agents, antibacterial molecules were screened against the predicted and validated FemC model. Based on docking scores, presence of essential interactions with active site residues of FemC, pharmacokinetic, and ADMET properties, six candidates were shortlisted and subjected to molecular dynamics to evaluate the stability of FemC-ligand complexes. Further, per residue decomposition analysis and Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA) analysis confirmed that S15, M16, S17, R31, R43, Q47, K48 and R49 of FemC played a vital role in the formation of lower energy stable FemC-inhibitor(s) complexes. Therefore, in the present study, the reported six molecules (Z317461228, Z92241701, Z30923155, Z30202349, Z2609517102 and Z92470167) may pave the path to design the scaffold of novel potent antimicrobials against S. aureus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Rathi
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
陈 建, 王 旭, 李 文, 陈 敏, 周 俊, 姚 振, 傅 锦, 叶 小. [Screening of pathogenic molecular markers of Staphylococcus aureus in children based on whole genome sequencing technology]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2023; 25:1161-1169. [PMID: 37990462 PMCID: PMC10672960 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2304128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in children, and to compare the molecular characteristics of different types of strains (infection and colonization strains) so as to reveal pathogenic molecular markers of S. aureus. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used to conduct nasopharyngeal swab sampling from healthy children in the community and clinical samples from infected children in the hospital. Whole genome sequencing was used to detect antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes. A random forest method to used to screen pathogenic markers. RESULTS A total of 512 S. aureus strains were detected, including 272 infection strains and 240 colonization strains. For virulence genes, the carrying rates of enterotoxin genes (seb and sep), extracellular enzyme coding genes (splA, splB, splE and edinC), leukocytotoxin genes (lukD, lukE, lukF-PV and lukS-PV) and epidermal exfoliating genes (eta and etb) in infection strains were higher than those in colonization strains. But the carrying rates of enterotoxin genes (sec, sec3, seg, seh, sei, sel, sem, sen, seo and seu) were lower in infection strains than in colonization strains (P<0.05). For antibiotic resistance genes, the carrying rates of lnuA, lnuG, aadD, tetK and dfrG were significantly higher in infection strains than in colonization strains (P<0.05). The accuracy of cross-validation of the random forest model for screening pathogenic markers of S. aureus before and after screening was 69% and 68%, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.75 and 0.70, respectively. The random forest model finally screened out 16 pathogenic markers (sem, etb, splE, sep, ser, mecA, lnuA, sea, blaZ, cat(pC233), blaTEm-1A, aph(3')-III, ermB, ermA, ant(9)-Ia and ant(6)-Ia). The top five variables in the variable importance ranking were sem (OR=0.40), etb (OR=3.95), splE (OR=1.68), sep (OR=3.97), and ser (OR=1.68). CONCLUSIONS The random forest model can screen out pathogenic markers of S. aureus and exhibits a superior predictive performance, providing genetic evidence for tracing highly pathogenic S. aureus and conducting precise targeted interventions.
Collapse
|
41
|
Jiamboonsri P, Eurtivong C, Wanwong S. Assessing the Potential of Gallic Acid and Methyl Gallate to Enhance the Efficacy of β-Lactam Antibiotics against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Targeting β-Lactamase: In Silico and In Vitro Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1622. [PMID: 37998824 PMCID: PMC10669207 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a global health concern, has prompted research into antibiotic adjuvants as a potential solution. Although our group previously reported the enhancing effects of gallic acid (GA) and methyl gallate (MG) on penicillin G activity against MRSA, the synergistic potential with other β-lactam antibiotics and the underlying mechanism have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study primarily aimed to investigate the antibacterial synergism with β-lactam antibiotics through disc diffusion, checkerboard, and time-kill assays. The β-lactamase inhibition was also examined through both molecular modeling and in vitro experiments. Additionally, bacterial morphology changes were studied using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that both GA and MG exhibited anti-MRSA activity and showed indifferent effects when combined with β-lactam antibiotics against methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Interestingly, MG demonstrated synergism with only the β-lactamase-unstable antibiotics against MRSA with the lowest fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indexes of ≤3.75. However, GA and MG exhibited weak β-lactamase inhibition. Furthermore, GA, MG, and the combination with ampicillin induced the morphological changes in MRSA, suggesting a possible mechanism affecting the cell membrane. These findings suggest that MG could potentially serve as an adjunct to β-lactam antibiotics to combat MRSA infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pimsumon Jiamboonsri
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Si Ayutthaya Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Sompit Wanwong
- Materials Technology Program, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Witek K, Kaczor A, Żesławska E, Podlewska S, Marć MA, Czarnota-Łydka K, Nitek W, Latacz G, Tejchman W, Bischoff M, Jacob C, Handzlik J. Chalcogen-Varied Imidazolone Derivatives as Antibiotic Resistance Breakers in Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1618. [PMID: 37998820 PMCID: PMC10669504 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a search for new therapeutic agents that may improve the antibacterial activity of conventional antibiotics and help to successfully overcome methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections has been conducted. The purpose of this work was to extend the scope of our preliminary studies and to evaluate the adjuvant potency of new derivatives in a set of S. aureus clinical isolates. The study confirmed the high efficacy of piperazine derivatives of 5-arylideneimidazol-4-one (7-9) tested previously, and it enabled the authors to identify even more efficient modulators of bacterial resistance among new analogs. The greatest capacity to enhance oxacillin activity was determined for 1-benzhydrylpiperazine 5-spirofluorenehydantoin derivative (13) which, at concentrations as low as 0.0625 mM, restores the effectiveness of β-lactam antibiotics against MRSA strains. In silico studies showed that the probable mechanism of action of 13 is related to the binding of the molecule with the allosteric site of PBP2a. Interestingly, thiazole derivatives tested were shown to act as both oxacillin and erythromycin conjugators in S. aureus isolates, suggesting a complex mode of action (i.e., influence on the Msr(A) efflux pump). This high enhancer activity indicates the high potential of imidazolones to become commercially available antibiotic adjuvants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Witek
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus B2.1, D-66123 Saarbrüecken, Germany;
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Aneta Kaczor
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
| | - Ewa Żesławska
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland; (E.Ż.); (W.T.)
| | - Sabina Podlewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Anna Marć
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
| | - Kinga Czarnota-Łydka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Św. Łazarza 15, 31-530 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nitek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
| | - Waldemar Tejchman
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland; (E.Ż.); (W.T.)
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Claus Jacob
- Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus B2.1, D-66123 Saarbrüecken, Germany;
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hernández-Cuellar E, Tsuchiya K, Valle-Ríos R, Medina-Contreras O. Differences in Biofilm Formation by Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Diseases 2023; 11:160. [PMID: 37987271 PMCID: PMC10660471 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen involved in community- and hospital-acquired infections. Its biofilm formation ability predisposes it to device-related infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains are associated with more serious infections and higher mortality rates and are more complex in terms of antibiotic resistance. It is still controversial whether MRSA are indeed more virulent than methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains. A difference in biofilm formation by both types of bacteria has been suggested, but how only the presence of the SCCmec cassette or mecA influences this phenotype remains unclear. In this review, we have searched for literature studying the difference in biofilm formation by MRSA and MSSA. We highlighted the relevance of the icaADBC operon in the PIA-dependent biofilms generated by MSSA under osmotic stress conditions, and the role of extracellular DNA and surface proteins in the PIA-independent biofilms generated by MRSA. We described the prominent role of surface proteins with the LPXTG motif and hydrolases for the release of extracellular DNA in the MRSA biofilm formation. Finally, we explained the main regulatory systems in S. aureus involved in virulence and biofilm formation, such as the SarA and Agr systems. As most of the studies were in vitro using inert surfaces, it will be necessary in the future to focus on biofilm formation on extracellular matrix components and its relevance in the pathogenesis of infection by both types of strains using in vivo animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Hernández-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, C.P., México
| | - Kohsuke Tsuchiya
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Ricardo Valle-Ríos
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04360, C.P., México;
- Laboratory of Research in Immunology and Proteomics, Federico Gómez Children’s Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, C.P., México
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Epidemiology, Endocrinology & Nutrition Research Unit, Mexico Children’s Hospital (HIMFG), Mexico City 06720, C.P., México;
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wu P, Yang J, Chen C, Li R, Chen S, Weng Y, Lin Y, Chen Z, Yu F, Lü X, Ni L, Han J. Rational design of Abhisin-like peptides enables generation of potent antimicrobial activity against pathogens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6621-6640. [PMID: 37672069 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by pathogens can be a significant challenge in wound healing, particularly when antimicrobial resistance is a factor. This can pose a serious threat to human health and well-being. In this scenario, it is imperative to explore novel antimicrobial agents to fight against multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria. This study employed rational design strategies, including truncation, amino acid replacement, and heterozygosity, to obtain seven α-helical, cationic, and engineered peptides based on the original template of Abhisin. Among the analogs of Abhisin, AB7 displayed broad-spectrum and potent antimicrobial activity, superior targeting of membranes and DNA, and the ability to disrupt biofilms and anti-endotoxins in vitro. Additionally, we evaluated the anti-infection ability of AB7 using a murine skin wound model infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and found that AB7 displayed negligible toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, AB7 exhibited desirable therapeutic efficacy by reducing bacterial burden and pro-inflammatory mediators, modulating cytokines, promoting wound healing, and enhancing angiogenesis. These results highlight the potential of AB7 as a promising candidate for a new antibiotic. KEY POINTS: • A α-helical, cationic, and engineered peptide AB7 was obtained based on Abhisin. • AB7 exhibited potent antimicrobial activity and multiple bactericidal actions. • AB7 effectively treated infected skin wounds in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peifen Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chi Chen
- College of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Fujian Vocational College of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350303, China
| | - Ruili Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shunxian Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yanlin Weng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yayi Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Fengfan Yu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xucong Lü
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Li Ni
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jinzhi Han
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wolska-Gębarzewska M, Międzobrodzki J, Kosecka-Strojek M. Current types of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec) in clinically relevant coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CoNS) species. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37882662 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2274841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) colonize human skin and mucosal membranes, which is why they are considered harmless commensal bacteria. Two species, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus belong to the group of CoNS species and are most frequently isolated from nosocomial infections, including device-associated healthcare-associated infections (DA-HAIs) and local or systemic body-related infections (FBRIs). Methicillin resistance, initially described in Staphylococcus aureus, has also been reported in CoNS species. It is mediated by the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec). SCCmec typing, primarily using PCR-based methods, has been employed as a molecular epidemiological tool. However, the introduction of whole genome sequencing (WGS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled the identification and verification of new SCCmec types. This review describes the current distribution of SCCmec types, subtypes, and variants among CoNS species, including S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S. capitis. The literature review focuses on recent research articles from the past decade that discuss new combinations of SCCmec in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. The high genetic diversity and gaps in CoNS SCCmec annotation rules underscore the need for an efficient typing system. Typing SCCmec cassettes in CoNS strains is crucial to continuously updating databases and developing a unified classification system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Wolska-Gębarzewska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Międzobrodzki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maja Kosecka-Strojek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bourhia M, Shahab M, Zheng G, Bin Jardan YA, Sitotaw B, Ouahmane L, Khallouki F. Napthyridine-derived compounds as promising inhibitors for Staphylococcus aureus CrtM: a primer for the discovery of potential anti- Staphylococcus aureus agents. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1279082. [PMID: 37954245 PMCID: PMC10635275 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1279082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The disease-free existence of humans is constantly under attack by a variety of infections caused by a variety of organisms including bacteria. Notable among the bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus which is an etiological organism for infections including impetigo, folliculitis, and furuncles. The response of the human immune system against this disease is often neutralized by the production of a pigment called Staphyloxanthin (STX) via a series of reactions mediated by several enzymes. Among these enzymes, dehydrosqualene synthase, also known as CrtM, has emerged as a viable drug target due to its role in mediating the first step of the pathway. Consequently, this study employs molecular modeling approaches including molecular docking, quantum mechanical calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations among others to investigate the potential of napthyridine derivatives to serve as inhibitors of the CrtM. The results of the study revealed the high binding affinities of the compounds for the target as demonstrated by their docking scores, while further subjection to screening pipeline aimed at determining their fitness for development into drugs revealed just one compound namely 6-[[1-[(2-fluorophenyl) methyl]triazol-4-yl]methoxy]-4-oxo-1H-1,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid as the compound with good drug-like, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity properties profiles. A 100 ns-long MD simulation of the complexes formed after molecular docking revealed the stable interaction of the compound with the target. Ultimately, this study can be a promising outlet to discover a weapon to fight against clinically resistant bacteria, however, further experimental studies are suggested to carry out in the wet lab, pre-clinical, and clinical levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- State Key Laboratories of Chemical Resources Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zheng
- State Key Laboratories of Chemical Resources Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baye Sitotaw
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Lahcen Ouahmane
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Labeled Research Unit-CNRSTN°4, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Farid Khallouki
- Department of Biology, FSTE, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ambade SS, Gupta VK, Bhole RP, Khedekar PB, Chikhale RV. A Review on Five and Six-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Targeting the Penicillin-Binding Protein 2 (PBP2A) of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Molecules 2023; 28:7008. [PMID: 37894491 PMCID: PMC10609489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections pose significant and challenging therapeutic difficulties. MRSA often acquires the non-native gene PBP2a, which results in reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics, thus conferring resistance. PBP2a has a lower affinity for methicillin, allowing bacteria to maintain peptidoglycan biosynthesis, a core component of the bacterial cell wall. Consequently, even in the presence of methicillin or other antibiotics, bacteria can develop resistance. Due to genes responsible for resistance, S. aureus becomes MRSA. The fundamental premise of this resistance mechanism is well-understood. Given the therapeutic concerns posed by resistant microorganisms, there is a legitimate demand for novel antibiotics. This review primarily focuses on PBP2a scaffolds and the various screening approaches used to identify PBP2a inhibitors. The following classes of compounds and their biological activities are discussed: Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Pyrazole-Benzimidazole-based derivatives, Oxadiazole-containing derivatives, non-β-lactam allosteric inhibitors, 4-(3H)-Quinazolinones, Pyrrolylated chalcone, Bis-2-Oxoazetidinyl macrocycles (β-lactam antibiotics with 1,3-Bridges), Macrocycle-embedded β-lactams as novel inhibitors, Pyridine-Coupled Pyrimidinones, novel Naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes, non-covalent inhibitors, Investigational-β-lactam antibiotics, Carbapenem, novel Benzoxazole derivatives, Pyrazolylpyridine analogues, and other miscellaneous classes of scaffolds for PBP2a. Additionally, we discuss the penicillin-binding protein, a crucial target in the MRSA cell wall. Various aspects of PBP2a, bacterial cell walls, peptidoglycans, different crystal structures of PBP2a, synthetic routes for PBP2a inhibitors, and future perspectives on MRSA inhibitors are also explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha S. Ambade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, MH, India (P.B.K.)
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra 282004, UP, India
| | - Ritesh P. Bhole
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune 411018, MH, India
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, MH, India
| | - Pramod B. Khedekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, MH, India (P.B.K.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Das Mitra S, Kumar B, Rajegowda S, Bandopadhyay S, Karunakar P, Pais R. Reverse vaccinology & immunoinformatics approach to design a multiepitope vaccine (CV3Ag-antiMRSA) against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - a pathogen affecting both human and animal health. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37798927 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2265471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by drug resistant bacteria is a silent detrimental pandemic affecting the global health care profoundly. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogen that causes serious infections in different settings (community, hospital & veterinary) whose treatment remains highly challenging due to its powerful characteristics (antibiotic resistance strategies, virulence factors). In this study, we used reverse vaccinology (RV) approach and designed an immunogenic multi epitope vaccine (CV3Ag-antiMRSA) targeting three potential antigen candidates viz., mecA encoding transpeptidase (PBP2a) protein responsible for conferring methicillin resistance and two virulence determinants - hlgA encoding gamma-hemolysin component A (a pore forming toxin) and isdB encoding iron regulated surface determinant B (heme transport component that allows S. aureus to scavenge iron from host hemoglobin and myoglobin). We employed an array of immunoinformatic tools/server to identify and use immunogenic epitopes (B cell and MHC class) to develop the chimeric subunit vaccine V4 (CV3Ag-antiMRSA) with immune modulating adjuvant and linkers. Based on different parameters, the vaccine construct V4 (CV3Ag-antiMRSA) was determined to be suitable vaccine (antigenic and non-allergen). Molecular docking and simulation of CV3Ag-antiMRSA with Toll Like Receptor (TLR2) predicted its immuno-stimulating potential. Finally, in silico cloning of CV3Ag-antiMRSA construct into pet28a and pet30 vector displayed its feasibility for the heterologous expression in the E. coli expression system. This vaccine candidate (CV3Ag-antiMRSA) designed based on the MRSA genomes obtained from both animal and human hosts can be experimentally validated and thereby contribute to vaccine development to impart protection to both animal and human health.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susweta Das Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bharat Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushmitha Rajegowda
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Satarupa Bandopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashantha Karunakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Roshan Pais
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xiao T, Liu J, Li Y, Cai Y, Xing X, Shao M, Zhang C, Duan D, Liu S, Tan G, Wang L, Wu Z, Gong Z, Zhou L. Microenvironment-responsive Cu-phenolic networks coated nanofibrous dressing with timely macrophage phenotype transition for chronic MRSA infected wound healing. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100788. [PMID: 37680584 PMCID: PMC10480781 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is a pressing clinical issue that impedes wound healing. Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages is required to clear bacteria and recruit various cell types during the initial phase of wound healing, but timing of this process is crucial. Herein, a microenvironment-responsive nanofibrous dressing capable of timely macrophage phenotype transition in vivo is constructed by coating copper ions (Cu2+)-polydopamine (PDA) networks on poly (ε-caprolactone) fiber (PCL-fiber) membrane. During the initial post-implantation period, the nanofibrous dressing show pH-sensitive Cu2+ release in the acidic infection microenvironment. The release Cu2+ have a direct killing effect on MRSA, and promote the proinflammatory M1 phenotype of macrophages to enhance the antibacterial macrophage response. Later, PDA to become a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger when in microenvironments with elevated ROS levels, which conferred the dressing with an immunomodulatory activity that convert M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages. In vivo examination in an MRSA infected full-thickness skin wounds of rat model demonstrates that this dressing significantly facilitated infection eradication and wound healing through modulating local inflammatory phenotype. Overall, this study offers a simple and effective approach for timely manipulation of inflammation progression to promote infected wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Xiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yuanxin Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Xudan Xing
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Ming Shao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Dongming Duan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Song Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Guoxin Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Le Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Zenghui Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Zunlei Gong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lu Y, Lu Y, Li B, Liu J, Wang L, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhong Q. StAP1 phage: an effective tool for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1267786. [PMID: 37840707 PMCID: PMC10570516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1267786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococcus aureus infection has long been a serious concern in the medical field, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) posing a considerable challenge to public health. Given the escalating bacterial resistance and the favorable biosafety and environmental properties of phages, the resurgence of phage therapy offers a promising alternative to antibiotics. Methods In this study, we isolated and characterized a MRSA phage named StAP1 from a Chinese hospital. Phenotypic and molecular analyses revealed its broad-spectrum characteristics, genomic background, and potential application in MRSA infection treatment. Results Morphological examination classified the phage as a member of the Herelleviridae phage family, displaying a typical hexagonal head and a slender fibrous tail. Genomic analysis unveiled a size of ~144,705 bp for the StAP1 genome, encompassing 215 open reading frames (ORFs). The one-step growth curve demonstrated a 20-min incubation period for the phage, with an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1. Moreover, StAP1 exhibited stability across a wide range of temperatures and pH levels. Further investigation of its broad-spectrum characteristics confirmed its ability to effectively infect all staphylococcal cassette chromosomal mec (SCCmec) types found in MRSA strains, notably displaying a remarkable lysis rate of 76.7% against the prevalent ST239 strain in China. In vivo studies show cased significant efficacy of the StAP1 phage against MRSA infection. Discussion Overall, StAP1 phage presents a broad infection spectrum and exhibits strong lytic effects on various MRSA strains, highlighting its tremendous potential as a powerful tool for MRSA infection treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Medical Center of Trauma and War Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baobao Li
- General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiazhen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianyang Zhang
- State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Medical Center of Trauma and War Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Medical Center of Trauma and War Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|